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MITED STATES BOSDS 



OR 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY: 



jl J'o'currLaZ of CzLrrerht E^ercts 



DURING AN IMPRISONMENT OF 



FIFTEEN MONTHS, AT FORT DELAWARE, 



BY 



ISAAC W. K. HANDY, D. D., 

OF AUGUSTA COUNTY, VA. 



' Remember my Bonds." — Paul. 



Hir 



BALTIMOEE : 
TUENBULL BEOTHEES. 

1874. 






Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 187i, 
- BY TUENBULL BKOTHERS, 
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



DEDICATE D 

TO MY EXCELLENT FRIBKD, 

Eev. B. H. McCown, D.D., 

OF JBFFBB80N C0T7NTT, KKNTTTOKT, 
TO WHOSE GENEROUS SYMPATHY, I WAS INDEBTED, 

FOR ALL THE READY CASH, 

WHICH CAME INTO MY HANDS DURING MY IMPRISONMENT; 
AND WnOSK TAKIKD BENBPACTIONB WKEB 

A Source of Timely and Grateful Relief, 

TJHTIL MT FINAL BKLBA8B FBOM THB 

SUEFEEINGS 
AT FORT DELAWARE. 



(3) 



"In perils by mine own countrymen ; — in perils among false brethren." 
—II Cor. xi: 23. 

"What have I offended against thee, or against thy servants, or against 
this people, that ye have put me in prison ? "— Jeb. xxxyli : 18. 



(4) 



PREFACE. 



This Is a private journal. It was not originally intended 
for publication. It was written to preserve the memory of 
events, chiefly for my own satisfaction, and the information of 
my children. In reviewing the memoranda, I. find a number 
of things which will be interesting to my parishioners, both of 
the past and the present, and to many other personal friends ; 
and some things, also, may be acceptable to the public. My 
object in printing is neither j^ecuniary, nor ostentatious ; but, 
sinaply, to gratify inquirers who can have no access to the 
manuscript, and to give permanency to what many do not 
wish to be lost. 

I have no doubt the book will fall into the hands of 
critics. Some will object to the historical statements, and the 
revelation of facts ; others would like a more thrilling, or 
imaginative style ; and strangers will feel no interest in the 
family allusions and frequent reference to self; and especially 
will they censure the "want of taste" which gives publicity 
to private ejaculations. For such readers the work is not in- 
tended. My friends (hundreds of whom were fellow-sufferers 
in "the pen") will be particularly interested in these personal 
items; and they would regard the journal as essentially de- 
fective without them. 

(5) 



VI PEEFACB. 

Besides these items of a more private character, the book is 
a faithful j^ortraiture of prison life; and with the exception of 
a few scattered days (of which the notes have been lost), and 
some omissions during a period of sickness and confusion in 
the months of December and January, the record is unbroken, 
presenting whatever came under the observation of the Author, 
or was reported to him at the time. There has been no eye to 
effect; no purpose to be subserved in making matters worse 
than they were ; every thing has been stated with a scrupulous 
regard to truth; and nothing has been set down in prejudice 
or malice. 

The safety of the manuscript is due to the preserving care 
of my wife, who received it in numbers, by such " under- 
ground" opportunities as were constantly afforded. When 
it became too voluruiuous to be carried upon her person, it 
was safely deposited in the earth, and was not exhumed until 
after the war. 

AVhatever may have been the feelings of the past, the 
Author utterly disavows the remotest desire to continue the 
strife. He has always been ready to submit to the rulings of 
Providence ; and now that the controversy has been decided, 
he accepts the situation, and can cordially say, " The Lord 
reigns, let the earth rejoice." 

I. W. K. H. 

Oakley Manse, Augusta Co., Va. 
January 1st, 1874, 



OOITTEKTS. 



I :— JUNE. 

1863. 



Arduous Labors ; Trouble with the Yankees ; Pass from General Dix; 
No favors to any member of the Handy family ; Hon. \V. H. Pur- 
nell; Sympathy of Friends; Preparations for leaving Home; Maj. 
Bo'vey ; DifBculty about the Servants ; Yankee Soldiers ; Officers 
first to run; Faithful Sarah ; Movementsof the Confederate Army ; 
Evacuation of Suffolk ; Desolation, 17.— In Baltimore; Delightful 
Interview; On the Canal Boat; Old Homestead, 18. — Friends 
Calling ; Rev. Mr. Gaylord ; Table Conversation ; An Uncon- 
genial Spirit; Confederate Officer in Disguise; Col. W. Dulany; 
U. S. Flag ; A Warm Debate ; No Physic for Rebels ; You Must 
Preach, 19. — Old Parishioners ; Rather Offish; Forest Hall; 
Rumors of Arrest ; Newspaper Squib; Gen. Tyler ; No malice; 
Good out of Evil. ........ 1- 

II:- JULY. 

A Disagreeable Night; Capt. Ellison; Arrest; Bridgeville Station; 
St. George's; Delaware City; Gov. Cannon and Dr. Cahill; A 
Gentlemanly Official, 20.— Fort Delaware; Old Acctuaintances; 
Ogling the prisoner; Rev. E.J. Way; Dr. Fromberger; General 
Schoapf; No investigation of charges; Leniency of U. S. Govern- 
ment; A Fidgety Understrapper; Noisy Reprimand; Quarters; 
Mulatto Sentinel; Prisoners; Personal Introduction; Invitation 
to bunk in No. 6; Capt. Noah Rawley; Capt, W. F. Gordon; 
Harry Brogden ; Samuel Sterret; Col. Waring; Evening Worship; 
First night in prison, 21.— Filthy water; Inmates of No. 6; De- 
scription of the room; Grated Window; "Rebs" at Work; 
Recruits for the Federal Army; Mr. Pleasants Released; Rough 
and hard table; Club Formed; Ashamed of his loaf; Eagerness 
for Worship; Tea Drinking in No. 2; Major Clary; Gambling, 
22.— Better Water ; Excursion from Wilmington ; Gov. Cannon 
and Secretary Smlthers; News from Mrs. H. ; Vegetables; Dinner 
in No. 2; Philadelphia Inquirer; Eastern Shore Prisoners; 
Delaware Republican ; False Statements ; John Bunyan ; Stories 

(vii) 



Vni CONTENTS. 

^ _, , , . FASK 

of Blockade-running, &c., 23.— Comfortable Bath; Writing; 
Visit to the Hospital; A. C. Belt; Ministerial Labors; White- 
hulled schooner; Firing of guns; Delightful Evening Service; 
No more cards; A Serenade, 2i. — Disappointment; No more 
Visitors; Plans for escape; Yankee Convicts; Ball and Chain; A 
Thorough Search ; Walking out under Guard; An Old Parishioner; 
Delaware Home Guards; Sickness; Filthy Cooking Rough Shave, 
23.— First Sabbath in Prison ; Remembered by Friends ; Feast in 
the casemate; Prayer meeting; No Cards; A box of Clothing, 
23.— Mosquitoes and Night-walkers; An alarming Dream ; Leaving 
of Confederate Officers ; Gags and Hand-cuffs; Confederate Chap- 
lains; Southern Surgeons; Disappointed Sightseers; Maj. Judd 
and the work of "Galvanism " ; Capt. Ahl; Prospect of Release, 
27.— Midnight Alarm; A Prisoner shot; Excitement at the 
Barracks; Visit from a Friend; No release without " The Oath"; 
•' I would if I could " British Subjects; Religious Conversation, 
28. — Busy Laborers; A third Meal, and a piece of Tobacco; Im- 
proved Deportment; Prison Habits; Vermin; An Experienced 
Naturalist ; Varied Charges ; A Motley Crowd ; A Tub and Basket ; 
Common Cause; "Underground Mail," 29. — Amusing Inscrip- 
. tions; Removal of Bunks Scrubbing; A Snug Casemate; Ex- 
change of Sick Men; Dr. McLean; Twenty Confederate Surgeons; 
Twenty minutes in the open air; A "Home Guard" acquain- 
tance; Thoughts about escape; A Philadelphia Newspaper, 30.— 
Rev. Dr. Brainerd; Dr. Woolsey ; An Exciting Interview; A 
Walk; Swimming; Suppressed Letters; "The Oath; " Pleasant 
Services, 31.— . . . . . . . • .10-41 



III:— AUGUST. 

Alarm of Cholera ; Personal Statements; Removal of Gordon, Brogden- 
and Sterret to be Tried as Spies; A Good Bath; Delayed Stores; 
Unwilling Soldiers; Not Well, 1.— A Delaware Acquaintance; 
Public Worship; Deep Impression; Bible Reading; Night Ser- 
vice; Great Reform; Federal Soldiers, 2.— Hot Day; Prisoners 
Suffering; Gen. Schenck; Firing a Salute; Tingstrum Released; 
Federal Deceit; Brutality of the Enemy in Webster Co., Va. ; A 
Portsmouth Acquaintance, 3.— Heat and Mosquitoes; Hungry 
Prisoners; Scrambling for Bread; "Don't Take the Oath; " Com- 
pany Q; Destruction of Vermin; New York Herald; Concealed 
Lettei ; Luxuries; Commissioner from Camp Chase; Religious 
luterest, 4.—X Comfortable Night; Talk with Messrs. Bright & 
Rawley; Unusual Thoughtfulness; Usual Walk; Chaplain Way; 
New Arrivals; Dutch Guard; PopularityofPostNo.il; Extended 
Remarks, 5.— Federal Thanksgiving; Visit of Delaware Politi- 
cians; Mr. Bright; B taken to the Hospital; Fifth Delaware 

Regiment; Escape of a "Convict;" An "Unconditional Union 
Man;" Dr. Fromberger Interdicted; Delaware and Maryland 
Men taking "The Oath;" An Earnest and Solemn Appeal, 6.— 
Dreadful Night; Serious Reflections ; Sixth Delaware Regiment; 
Disaffection; Excessive Heat ; Offensive Moat; Speech of Half au 
Hour, 7.— Dutch Guards; Closely Watched ; "Stand Firm;" Fear- 
ing a Shot; Lost Opportunity; A Case of Conscience, 8.— Beauti- 



CONTENTS. IX 

FAGB 

ful Sabbath ; Morning and Evening Services ; Prayer for Revival ; 
A Spotless Example; Conversation with a Bunk-mate, 9. -Lieuts. 
Philpot and Harwood ; Supplies; No Thanks to the Yankees; 
Housekeeping ; A Practical Joke ; Cases of Conscience, 10.— Heat 
and Mosquitoes; Dr. Stocker; Mr. Bright bids Farewell ; An Ani- 
mated Correspondence ; The Amende Honorable ; Patriotic to take 
" The Oath," 11,— A Fierce Dispute ; " Convict " Cavalry Company ; 
Ball and Chain ; Dutch Company under Capt. Reigart ; Scouring ; 
Capt. Jackson Elected Superintendent; A Cold Water Bath; Cash 
in a Pincushion; A "Smuggler" Released, 12.— Mysterious Mem- 
oranda; Mrs. Belt and Mrs. Ball; Escapes from the Barracks; 
"Verdant" Guards; Dr, Harris of Philadelpliia, 13.— Conversa- 
tions with tlae Sentinels; An Opportunity for Escape; "Rebs" 
on the Delaware ; Thank God for a Good Wife; Worship Omitted, 
14.— Sick Day; Prisoners Drowned; Punishment for Attempted 
Escapes; Tennesseeans Tested in Regard to "The Oath;" 10,030 
Prisoners on the Island, 15.— Delaware Conscripts Tired of the 
War; Preaching; A Well-spent Sabbath; Capt, J. W. Long; An 
Abortive Scheme; AGoodVentilation,16.— New Arrivals; Hiding 
at the Barracks; Mistaking the Man; A Comfortable Walk; A 
Precaution Against Escapes, 17. — Early Risers; Officers Leaving; 
Uniforming "The Oath-takers;" Ninety "Rebs" at Large; A 
Treacherous Sea Captain; Searching for Disguised Officers; De- 
layed and Rifled Stores; Influence of a Clean Shirt; All at Wor- 
ship; A Birthday, 18.— Better Weather; Strange Experience; Re- 
leased Politicals; Willingness to take " The Oath; " Questions of 
Duty, 19. — A Review ; No Confidence in the " Galvanized ; " Sixtli 
Delaware Regiment Threatening to Tlirow Down their Arms;. 
Preparations for Keeping the Fast; A Box from New Castle; A 
Betrayal, 20.— Fasting, Humiliation and Prayer; A Quiet and 
Solemn Day; Ejaculations; Death of Prof. Jos. S. Hubbard; A 
Hard Night, 21.— Cheering Letters; J. B. Alexander and G. W. 
Noe; A Basket of Provisions, 22.— Sufl"ocating Heat; The Purnell 
Legion; Walking Out; No Swimming; Serenading on the Sab- 
bath, 23.— Change in the Weather; Cleaning Up; At the Wash- 
tub^ Deserters Sent to Washington ; Thorn and Wright Released; 
A Disappointment; Capt. Jackson Removed to the Hospital; An 
Inebriate Friend, 21.— On the Bed; An Unexpected Summons; 
Parole of the Island ; Visit to the Hospital; An Aged Penitent; 
Discussing a Pound Cake, 25.— Mosquitoes and Bed-bugs; Survey- 
ing the Pea Patch; Grapes and Pears; A Gray-haired Convert 
Confederate Physicians; Erroneous Newspaper Statement; Dr. 
Marshall; Much Sickness and Great Scarcity of Medicines; 1,000 
CoffinsinTwo Months; Small-pox; The Sick Neglected; AN. Caro- 
lina Patient Robbed; Col. Waring Forbidden to Hear the Word; 
Miss Julia JeflTerson; improved Attendance at Worship; "Fresh 
Fish !" A Mysterious Character ; Good News from Loved Ones, 26.— 
Capt. Jackson Sinking ; Son of a Preacher in a SuflTering Condition ; 
Walk to the Old Barracks; An Englishman on the Wrong Side; 
Dirt and Disease; Haifa Dozen Portsmouth Boys; Shirts and 
Drawers from Mrs. Rankin; Forty cents a Day for the Working 
"Rebs"; An Extra Meal and a Piece of Tobacco; Short Rations; 
Sons of the Rich Shabby and Dirty; Confederate Money; f20 for 
$1 ; Prison Jewelry ; " Galvanized " Infantry ; Good Things from 



X CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Mrs. Vandegrift, 27.— Escapes and Firing ; Officers' Wives Ordered 
Away; Gen. Schoepf Visits Wilmington; At tlie Hospitals; Box, 
&c. , from Miss Julia Jefferson, 28.— Hope of Release ; " Do You know 
that Handwriting, Sir?"; At the General's Office; No Harm 
Done; Masonic Religion; A Dying Message; Scarcity of Blankets; 
Accidental Discharge of a Musket; A Sick Acquaintance, 29. — 
Confederate Soldier Shot; Escape of "Convicts;" Death of Capt. 
Jackson; Funeral Sermon; Sudden Call; Interview with Gen. 
Tyler and Don Piatt; Courteousness of Gen. Schoepf; Departure 
of Capt. Rawley ; Young Simmons of Baltimore ; Oi'der in Re- 
gard to the Lights, 30. — Difficulty in Fixing the Mind; Visit to the 
Hospitals; An Interesting Case; Delirium --nd Suffering; Dr. 
Arnott and Good Nourishment; A Petition from the Barracks; 
A Privilege Denied; Chaplain Paddock ; Risking the Bad for the 
Sake of the Good, 31.— 41—102 

IV :— SEPTEMBEE. 

Mosquitoes and Bed-bugs ; Irksomenessof Prison Life; •'! just want to 
pat your good head "; Eagerness to hear the Truth, 1. — Ingress of 
"Convicts"; Offensive Moat; Catfish and Eels; Wier and 
Richards; Trying for Exchange; A Confederate iSIajor; Good 
News from the Southern Navy, 2.— Writing; A Nephew of Rev. 
Dr. A. Alexander, Sr. ; A Prison Entertainment; Peaches at the 
Hospital; A Roman Catholic dying in Christ ; Eating Cantaloupe 
Rinds; New Arrival; Sickness among the Politicals; Two men 
Poisoned, 3.— A Pleasant Letter; Readiness of Sick Men to hear 
the Gospel ; A Change of Quarters ; Continued Scarcity of Medi- 
cines; In-doors at 6 P. M. ; ThePurnellLegion, 4.— Rev. Mr. Frier- 
son and Lieut. Hand; A dying Marylander; Writing to friends, 
5.— Mr. Frierson Preaches in the Hall; Quiet Sabbath; Night 
Service, C. — An Unpleasant interview ; Death of Brown ; Suffer- 
ing at the Hospitals; Dying for the waut of food; A Good Sama- 
ritan, 7— A personal privilege useful to others; Sutler's Shop; 
Fond of Lager; Religious Conversation; Coupling the Conyicts; 
Constant noise from- the ball and chain; Cruel Punishments; 
"Uncle Jimmy" Irate; News from the South, 8.— Excitement in 
regard to Exchange; Good Results; The Ring Business; A 
Mechanical Genius; A Novel Sight, 9.— Dead bodies for the 
Jersey Shore; A Funeral Service; Courtesy of the Federal Chap- 
lains; Mrs. Smith and Gen. Schcepf; A Feeling of Gloom; Two 
Large Baskets; Improved Singing, 10.— Twelve coffins on the 
Wharf; Confederate Surgeons assigned to new quarters; A severe 
scold; Imbibing Freely; Arrangement for Preaching; Reasons for 
"Galvanism"; Second-hand Clothing; Lincoln's Autograph, 11.— 
Fourteen Coffins; Henry W. Long; Delaware right for the South; 
A true friend of the South; Average of burials twelve per day; 
Gorging with Catfish; A Rake on the Island; Arrest of hostages 
for Capt. Ball and Mr. Belt; Dr. Fromberger Required to Remain 
on the Island, 12.— Varying the Character of the Sermons ; Hor- 
rible Clanking of Irons; Sabbatli Improvement; Anti-Profane 
Society; Sexton and Chorister, 13.— Mosquitoes and Bed-bugs; 
Twelve Coffins and Sixteen Deaths; Barefooted and Ragged; 
Vessel Load of Corn ; " Fresh Fish ! " Thwarted by the Sportsmen; 



CONTENTS. XI 

PAGE 

Fight among the Surgeons; Bayoneting the "Rebs"; Letters, 
14.— Eighteen Coffins and a Funeral Service; Provision and 
Clothing from Miss J. Jeflferson ; Officers from the Barraclis ; Large 
Attendance at Prayers, 15.— A Detacliment of Officers Leaving; 
Theft of Watch and Cliain ; A PatrioticMother ; A Horrible Spec- 
tacle; Robt. F. Daughtry and Arthur W. Harvey; A Boy-hero of 
Fifteen Battles; A Mulatto Servant at large on the Island ; Prepa- 
rations for Church-building; Appointment at the Naval School; 
Cliange of Quarters; A Vote Taken, 16.— Tracts; Memorizing a, 
Hymn; Methodist Preacher among the Convicts; Cavilling at 
the Truth; Improved Moral lone; Sicl^ness Abating, 17.— Wind, 
Rain and Escapes; Interview with the Chaplains; High Tide, 18.— 
Damp and Cold Weather; Steamer New York; Hunger, Cold, 
Sickness and Death; Dr. W. M. Cleaver; An "Unconditional 
Union Woman"; Watching the Mail; Private "Views not to be 
Expressed in Letters; Cunningham Seeking Discussion witli the 
Prisoners, 19.— A Farewell Look ; Exchange of 750 Prisoners ; Morn- 
ing and Evening Services; A Repentant Official; Twenty-Six 
Bodies taken to Jersey for Burial, 20.— The Major Reybold with a 
"Galvanized " Crew ; Not to be Trusted ; Fearful Mortality ; Perish- 
ing from Cold; Want of Proper Food and Attention; Terrible 
Stateof Things at the Hospitals and Barracks; Guilt Somewhere; 
A Maryland Youth; Putting up the Stoves; Abortive Effort to 
Secure a Pass, 21.— Row among the Surgeons; A Remonstrance; 
Urgent Call from a Sick Man; Col. Waring; Texas Prisoner Pre- 
paring to "Galvanize"; Encouraging News from the South; Four- 
teen Deaths and Twenty-six Cases of Small-Pox, 22.— A Doubting 
Christian; Permission to Visit the Hospitals; No Politics in Sixty 
Sermons; Rev. Mr. Frierson; An Altercation; Sickness; Battle 
of Sabine Pass, 23. — Work at tlie Hospitals; Interesting Cases; "I 
am afraid I'm fooled"; Eev. Mr. Stanley and Family; An Aged 
Prisoner Receives a Caution; Lager Beer in Demand; Sutler's 
Checks; Samuel Cleaver; Nalsed Bodies in Piles at "The Dead 
House," 24. — Afraid of Small-Pox; Dr. Woolsey; A Polite Inquiry ; 
Good Tidings; The Stool of Repentance; Anxiety, 25.— Removal 
to Point Lookout; Flanking; "Hack out! Hack out, there!"; In- 
tolerable Treatment of Prisoners; A Ragged "Reb" with plenty 
of money; J. McD. Alexander; "Pass Dr. H. at will," 26.— Walk 
to the Hospital with Mr. Frierson; Rev. Dr. Hall; Labors; The 
Work Stopped; Dr. Smith and Vaccination; A Desultory Dis- 
course; Dr. Goode,.27.— A Dull Day; Work in Prison; A Copper- 
head, 28.— Low Spirits; Invitation from Ahl's Battery; An Un- 
dignified Affair ; Sent to the Cells ; Oyster House and Refectory, 
29.— Rev. S. J. Baird, D. D.; Clothing the "Galvanized"; Steamer 
Nashville; Dr. Haynie; History in Rhyme; "Grape- Vine" Tele- 
graph, 30.— ... 102—153 

V :— OCTOBER. 

Ladies in Trouble; A Wrathy Sentinel; A Heathenish Torture; "Rebs" 
in U. S. Service; Average of Deaths fifteen per day, 1.— Visitors 
Turned Bacli; A Steam Frigate ; Letters from the South ; Encour- 
agement; A Sermon to the "Galvanized," 2.— Trial of Capt. M — ; 
1,000 N. C. Prisoners Ragged, Sick, and Wretched, 3.— Preaching 



XU CONTENTS. 

FAGB 

to the Confederate Surgeons; A Sermon of Dr. A. Alexander; 
Moved to Tears; Box of Clothing, &c. ; A Dead Irishman, 4.— No 
Card-Playing; Small-pox on the Increase; Suflfering at the Bar- 
racks; Unloading a Sloop, 5.— Connection Between a Cheerful 
Mind and a Right State of Body; Union of Presbyterians at the 
South; Escape of Two Men from tlie Burial Corps; From 500 to 
1,000 Escapes ; A Cold-blooded Murder; No Investigation; Loose 
Sanitary Arrangements, (i.— Launch of a Boat; Newspapers from 
the Christian Commission; Present of a Bible, 7.— Unabated Sick- 
_ness; Dr. Foster; Dr, Silliman ; "Rebs" at Work; Company Q, 
Reel uited, 8. — Clothing Distributed; " Rebs" Scouring; Hospital 
still Full; Messrs. Hudson, Cantwell, and Worthington ; Sighing 
for "Sweet Home"; Unmarked Graves; Exchange of Cliaplains; 
A Present for the Prison Artists, 9.— An Indignant RebufT; Papers 
for Rev. Dr. Converse; (i.OOO Prisoners Perambulating the Pea 
Patch; Easy to take the Island; Political Prisoners from Sussex 
Co , Del., 10.— Preaching to the Surgeons; An Intelligent Congre- 
gation, 11. — Capt. Mulotowski; OfT for the Polls; Small-pox on 
the Increase; Stench from the Moat; Mrs. Reynolds and Mrs. 
Daughtry ; Sermon from an old Co-presbyter, 12.— Stir among the 
White-washers; A Night Attack; Loss of Parole; Arrival of a 
Transport; 1,000 Men exposed to the Small-pox on the eve of Em- 
barkation; OfT to the tune of "Dixie"; Filth in tlae Moat, 13.— A • 
Bad Night; Terrible Enemies; Uniforming Company Q,; An Amu- 
sing Spectacle; Old Hay refuses to take the Coat; Excitement 
among the Politicals; The Guard-house; Small-Pox in No. 6, H. — 
Weary Nights; A Barrel over the Head; Thumb-Screwing; Not a 
Soldier; A Yankee Cheat; A Funny Lyric; Parading the " Rebs"; 
The Milkman Degraded, 15.— My Little Desk; "Is that the Old 
Flag?"; An Escape Contemplated, 18.— No rest in the Bunks; 
Our Redoubtable Jailor; Memorial to Gen. Schcepf; Betting on 
the Election, 17.— Failure in Preaching; The Screw Pump; Sab- 
bath Desecration; Capt. Gibson and Lieut. Wailes; No more 
Meals in the Rooms, 18. — Monday Headache; Petition to Gen. 
Schcepf; Quarantine, 19.— Searching for Lost Money; A Personal 
Exception; No Exchanges; 1,000 Prisoners for Point Lookout, 
20.— A Bottle of Whiskey; 137 Cases of Small-pox; "Rebs" Airing, 
21.— Young Hackman ; "Over on Pea Patch Island"; Medicines 
for the Dispensary; Recruits for Company Q; Carrying the Log; 
Escape on a Coal Boat; Card-playing and Profanity, 22,— Death 
of the Chore-man; Spying Around the Rooms; A Canard; Supply 
of Necessaries; A Bouquet in Prison, 23.— Wearisome Life; Better 
off than Others; The Rebels to be Exterminated; A good Chaplain 
among the Yankees, 21.— A Solitary Professor of Religion ; Three 
Months' Service; Thumb-Screwing; An Ugly Fracas, 25.— Noble 
Efforts for Release; Old Friends; Reflections; Dancing, 2G. — Let- 
ters; Physicians Removed; A Great Excitement; Two Old " Tars," 
27.— Present of a Greenback, 28.— Copying "The Old Flag"; A 
Message; Twenty Wounded Soldiers; 140 Small-Pox Cases, 29. — 
Purnell Legion at the Polls; Paying in Sutler's Tickets; A Re- 
quest Denied; No Release until after the Election, 30.— An Early 
Move; Affecting news from the Hospitals; 160 Small-Pox Cases; 
Temperance talk; Dr. Hitch and his Horn; Hope and Despon- 
dency, 31.— . . . ^ . . . . . . 153—196 



CONTENTS. Xlll 

VI :— NOVEMBER. 

PAOK 

Want of Bed Clothing; Fifth Maryland Regiment, 1.— At the Wash-tub; 
Dr. Alexander McCown; Dr. Shepard; Restricting Privileges; A 
Game of Quoits; No Papers, 2.— A Boy Hung a la Sepoy; Airing 
without Luggage; Prisoners from the Pennsylvania Hospitals, 3.— 
Fifth Maryland Going to the Polls; Visit from an Inquirer; Offend- 
ers in Delaware to be Banished or Shot; A Confederate Surgeon's 
Prescription Dishonored ; Carpenters at Work, 1. — Rheumatism ; 
Lenient Guards; Small Notes Distributed; Visit from the Ex- 
change Officer; Ho.pe Awakened, 5. — Bunks Torn Down; War 
Upon the Insects; Exaggerated Statements concerning Yankee 
Sufferings at Richmond; Terrible Cruelty and Inhumanity at 
Fort Delaware; Visit from Gen. Schcepf ; Capt. Ahl and Dr. Silli- 
man; Kind Words from the Commandant; Failure of the New 
Mode of Vaccination ; A Martyr at Norfolk, 7.— Prisoners from 
Fort Norfolk, 8. — Help from Friends, 9.— No Stoves; Quoits; New 
Physicians; The Sick Suffering, 10.— A High Time; P. Hearn; 
Prison Artists; Temperance Talk; Respect for the Word, 11.— A 
Thieving Irishman ; Slaughter Bradford, 12.— A Disappointed 
Brother; Sickness on the Decline; A Good "Sell," 13.— A Parole 
Granted; Drumming Thieves around the Pea Patch, ll.—A Sab- 
bath without'Services; Visit from Surgeons Haynie and Ware; 
" The Dairyman's Daughter ; " " Rebs " Drowned in an Attempt to 
Escape; "Put out the Lights," 15.— Improved Health; Sewing and 
Writing; Conversation on the Subject of Predestinatioii ; " Rebs" 
in the Barrels, IC— Excitement about the Exodus of the Surgeons; 
Melaiuo-types; Dr. Newell in the Cells; Mr. Bradford Released on 
Parole; A Present; Gettysburg Prisoners; Doctors Robinson, 
Shepard and McCown, 17.— Surgeons Leaving; A Change of 
Quarters; No Privacy and a Cold Place; Slow Mails; Hope and 
Despondency; Correspondence between Messrs. Ould & Meredith; 
An Hour with Col. Waring; A Scene of Confusion; Joining Bed- 
ding; A New Mess; Foiling the Adversary, 18.— Snoring and 
Teeth-grating; Prison Employments; Escaping in Small-pox 
Coffins; Stars and Stripes at Half-mast; Death of Freedom at the 
Polls, 19.— RapidFlightof Time; Mrs. Benj. Caulk; Solitary Walks; 
A Striking Change; Midnight Gaming, 20.— A Rainy Day; Pleas- 
ant Interview with the Chaplains; Supply of Papers, Testaments, 
and Prayer Books; COO Sick Persons in the Hospitals, 21.— Inter- 
ruption at Worship; Taking the Oath to Escape the Field; Rough 
Words, 22.— Leaving for Johnson's Island; Ladies from Norfolk 
and Portsmouth; Watched by the Provost-Marshal; Atwood 
Released; Arrests at Norfolk by Negro Troops; Card-playing, with 
Noise and Confusion ; Disturbed Sleep, 23. — A Rainy Day spent in 
Writing; Discovery of Gray-backsr Yankees taking the Small- 
pox; Whistling and Song-singing, 24.— Hunting Boxes; Deten- 
tions and Thefts; Barberized; Intolerable Swearing; No Sleep, 25. 
— Assorting Clothing and Supplying the Needy ; Thanksgiving by 
the Yankees; Messrs. Rasin and De La Mar; Bad News from the 
South; Southern Deserters Taking the Oath, 2j. — On a Spree; 
Comparative Sufferings of Prisoner.«, North and South; Quarter- 
master's Clerk with Ball and Chain ; A Free Talk and Great Con- 
fusion. 27.— An Elegant Box from Smyrna, Del.; A Statement by 



XIV CONTENTS. 

PAGK 

Chaplain Way; Shakespearian Readings, 28.— Cursing and Black- 
guarding; Episcopal Service; Distribution of Papers and Tracts; 
Boys Frolicking; Studies, 29.— A Penitent; A Mendacious Trick; 
Hopelessness of Exchange; Suffering from Cold; A Traveller; 
Dancing to the Sound of the Bugle; An Old "Stager;" Cutting 
the Pigeon- wing; Cross Questions, 30.— .... 196—227 

VII:— DECEMBER. 

Cold Night; A Petition to the Authorities; A Mock Court; Trial of 
Isaac Nelson; Reading matter from the Sanitary Commission; A 
Choir Organized; Lecture, Dance and Agricultural Discussion; 
Sleep for those who could get it, 1.— Inspection ; Stove and Wash- 
Kettle; Col. L , A Curious Case; The New Church Building; A 

Violin Introduced; Judge Kasiu and his Pigeon Wings; Lecture 
on the Bull-fighis of Spain; Bedlam after Taps; Music and 
Huzzas, 2.— Letters; Rev. G. W. Kennedy; The Misses Roberts; 
Feeing Lawyers to secure Release ; Lecture on Malta ; Old Acquain- 
tances, 3, — Interview with Gen. Schoepf; An order from the Secre- 
tary of War; The Sutler's Sycophancy; No Dancing nor Cards; 
Religious Service, 4.— Delawareans Cheered; Conversation with a 
Grandson of President Edwards; Embargo on the Boxes; A Mar- 
riage Present, 5. — An Anniversary; Reflections; Wife and Chil- 
dren, 6. — Arrest of "Cousin Campbell"; A Rich Scene; Two 
" Rebs "— " Rough and Ready " ; Hard Treatment at the Barracks; 
Lecture on Havana and the Tobacco-trade, 7. — A Box from Mrs. 
Rankin; A Request; A Suggestion; Repairs Still Neglected; Good 
Words from a Kentucky Minister; De La Mar on Paris— Its Sing- 
ing Girls and Police Regulations; Good Singing, 8.— Precautionary 
Measures; Great Depression; New Stove and Open Windows; 
Shakspearian Readings, 9. —Writing; Plans for Relief; President's 
Message; Lecture on Constantinople; Indecent Talk, 10.— The 
Yankees Skating; Prisonei's from Fort McHenry; Brogden not 
recognized; Capt. Gordon Condemned to be Shot; Hard Treat- 
ment; Animated Conversations, 11.— Baptism of a Sick Man by 
Chaplain Way ; Interesting Letters in the hands of Chaplain Pad- 
dock; 150 Cases of Small-Pox; Over 6u0 Sick Men ; A Slice of Mince 
Pie; Lecture and Services Suspended; Great Confusion, 12.— Ugly 
Dreams; High Tide, and Fear of Inundation ; Great Destruction 
of Rats; Preaching; A Wicked Intruder; Influence of Religious 
Reading; Episcopal Service; De La Mar on the Mohammedan Reli- 
gion; Restraints Removed, and Great Annoyance until after Mid- 
night, 13.— Forty-eight Years!; Reverence for the Aged ; A Private 
Talk; Troubled and Overcome; Letter to the Secretary of War; A 
Merry Freeman; A Christmas Present, H— A Horrible Dream; 
Comfort to the Distressed; Grymes and Brogden Meanly Degra- 
ded; Maj. Armsey rolling Barrels; Letters to Washington, 15.— 
The Amnesty Proclamation; Letter to the President; A Threat; 
Reasons for not taking the Oath; Col. Lester leaves; 1212 Deaths 
in Eight Months. - . . . . ... .227-250 

VIII:--JANUARY. 

18G4. 
Sick; A Suit of Clothes; Gen. Schoepf 's Indulgence; White-washers; 
A Maryland Club; Solemn Religious Services, 29.— A Bleak Day; 



CONTENTS. XV 

PAGE 

Intolerable Noise; Hell on Earth; Water In the Moat; Interposi- 
tion of Friends, 30.— An Interesting Change; Reading the religious 
Papers; Pleasant Day; Unbending after Service; Lieut. Russell 
remanded to the Barracks; An Ironclad in sight; Strange ofiicers 
on the Island, 31.— . . . . . . . . 250-253 

IX:— FEBRUARY. 

A Padlock on the Door ; A Useless Parole; The Daily News ; Mrs. A.W. 
Emley; Gymnastics; Cardsand Back-gammon during Worship, 1. 
Continuation of Bad Weather; Communication from Gen. Lock- 
wood; Sad and Worried; Infidels; Reflections, 2. — Gay Scenes; 
Locked In; Southern News; Religious Services followed by 
Cards and Back-gammon, 3.— "Sash and Glass at Last;" A Fit 
for a FaistalT; Delayed Letters; Messrs. Richardson and Joice,4. — 
Fitful and Strange Commotions; A Double Disappointment; Pro- 
fessors of Religion taking a Peep; A Caution to Fellow Prisoners; 
Sickness in the Quarters, 5.— A Surfeit; Letter by Flag of Truce; 
Worship and Keuo, 6.— Inspection ; Sermons; Hopeful Indications ; 
A Noisy Romp, 7.— Visit from Mrs. H.; Letter from Gen. Lock- 
wood; Apprehensions; A Fight; New Flag on the Parapet; Sick-' 
ness; Stench from the Moat, 8.— A Day of Confusion; Orders to 
Move; Old Quarters; An Uninviting Prospect, 9. — "Break-bone" 
Fever; A Murder at Norfolk; Pardon (?) of Col. Waring, 10.— 
Shortly to be Released ; Moat frozen over, i 1. — Gov. Cannon Inter- 
posing; Departure of Col. Waring; Abortive Effort to Visit a 
Friend, 12.— Conversation on the Evidences of Christianity ; Dis- 
cussion in regard to Games, Dancing, etc. ; No more Messing in 
the Rooms; "Rebel Citizens" offering to take the Oath; Ram 
Atlanta en route to Philadelphia, 13.— Too cold in the Hall; A Re- 
View, 14.— Another Visit from Mrs. H.; Interposition of Republi- 
cans in Delaware; Sympathy of Friends at Portsmouth; Anxiety 
in regard to the Coming of the " Commission " ; Dr. Stone has the 
Confidence of the Prisoners; An Improved Larder; Bible Reading, 
etc., 15.— Comfortable Living in No. 6; No Thanks to "Unqle 
Sam"; Two"Rebs" escape; Declension at Worship; Pity for 
the Sufferers at the Barracks, 10.— "Long-looked for" come at 
Last; Judges Bond and King inquiring into Cases; The Author 
before the "Commission"; Rev. Dr. Bullock; An Implied Assu- 
rance; Apprehension of Misunderstanding, 17.— Intensely Cold; 
Suffering at the Barracks ; Returned Refugees; Discouragements; 
Suspense; Funds from Dr. McCown; Firmness necessary to the 
sum of Christian Character, 18.— Gen. M.Jeff. Thompson; "Getting 
the Hang of Things"; An Invitation to Dinner; A Startled Jew, 
19.— Restless, Uneasy, Anxious; The Poor Boys at the Barracks; 
Death from Freezing; 500 Sick; Decrease of Small-pox; A Poetic 
General; Gen. Gantt, of Arkansas; Christian Example, £0.— Dis- 
gust; A Wretched Crowd; Satan gets the upper hand; Loquacity; 
Wonderful Tales; Skates, 21.— No notice of Washington's Birth- 
day; An Unpleasant Altercation; Ineffectual Sneers; Difficulties 
in regard to Medical Aid at Night; An Interesting Scrap-book, 
22.— Walk with Gen. Thompson ; A Union Woman ; A Tender and 
Beautiful Letter; False Statements; Butler "Not so Bad after all"; 
A "Hide-bound Rebel"; No Tidings from the "Commission"; 



XVI CONTENTS. 

PAGK 

An order by Gen. Wild, at Norfolk, 23.— Dr. Stone busy; "Dr. 
Shanks" and lodiue; Capt. Numbers; A Social Chat; Jeff. Thomp- 
son a Ready Writer; Burke the Comedian, 24.— A Barber Shop; 
Strange Views; Wishing ha "liad never been born"; Dreadful 
Influence of the War; A Hoax, 2).— Suspense relieved; Names 
called; Happy Day; Detention; Good Resolutions; No Heart In 
theOath; 26.— Anxiety; Hunting Jewelry; Subjects of Discussion; 
Opinions of Gen. Thompson; A Free-thinker; An Accession to 
Company Q, 27. — Parole withdrawn; Three Cheers; Better Feel- 
ings; Conversation with M r,2S.— Letter by Flag of Truce; A 

Marriage; Candles until late, 29.— . ... .253-293 

X :— MARCH. 

Snow; Better Health; Ordeal passed; A Summons; An Order from ^ 

Washington; "You had better take the Oath"; "Why did you 
write that Song? " ; A Remonstrance ; An Unpleasant Afternoon ; 
Reasonings of a Troubled Mind, 1.— Singular Views; "I wish I 
were a Christian"; Gen. Thompson vindicates tlie Author; 
Spies; Learned Nonsense; Leaven of Infidelity, 2 — Reign of Terror 
at Norfolk ; Rev. J. H. D. Wingfleld ; Rev. G. :M. Bain, and W. H. H. 
Hodge<^, Esq.; Jeff. Thompson's Autobiography; 500 Prisoners 
from Camp Chase, .3.— Deatli of a Brother; Grady; Gambling Con- 
fined to one Room; No Order in regard to Lights; A Place of 
Popular Resort; Extorting Money; Memoranda, 4 — The Old 
Enemy; Col. B. W. Duke; Gen. Morgan, and the Ohio Peniten- 
tiary; .Shaving and Scrubbing; As Few Prisoners as Possible; 
Captures on Private Account ; To be Released in Ten Days; Bois- 
terous Conversations, 5.— Rheumatism ; "Dr. Shanks;" Sabbath 
Desecration; Visit from Officials; Capture of Refugees; Boat- 
building at tlie Hospital, 6.— An Incendiary; Error, Scepticism, 
and Infidelity; No Fear of Death; Gen.Lockwood and Mr.Rasin; 
Iodine; "Dr. Shanks" and "Barber" Johnson, ".—Improved 
Health; The Wash-tub; Official " Backing and Filling; " An Ani- 
mated Debate; Altercation and Blows; Reading and Inquiry; 
Housekeeping by Gen. Thompson and Col. Duke; Bailey Peyton 
Key, 8.— New Order among the Sentinel.s; Other changes; Coffee 
and Soup "Up-stairs;" The Barracks or "the Oath;" Another 
Trouble; Grady Sick, 9.— Fifth Maryland Regiment; A Transport 
witli Sixty Prisoners; Interesting Letter from Prof. N. B.Webster; 
De La Mar Released; A Scripture Student, 10.— Morning Music; 
Steam Pump; Quiet Times; Grady Released; Encouragement; 
Falling off at Worship, 11. —Imprisonment of Kev. Dr. Armstrong; 
An Inquisition; A Cheering Visit; "Rebel" Officers visiting th 
Hospital; Many Eyes upon the Commandant; Shooting" Rebels; ' 
An Officious Letter Writer; Billy Baxley Halted, 12.— Fits and 
Salt Water ; A New Yorker with the South ; No Morning Service; 
Night Preacliing and Reading ; First Thunder of Spring, 13.— Duke 
and Thompson; Battles and Hairbreadth Escapes; Alike and 
Unlike; Enemies and Spies; Letter from the "Commission;" 
Annoyed and Depressed ; Letters by Flag of Truce, 14.— An Anx- 
ious and Unpleasant Day; Reflections; Letter to the "Commis- 
sion," 15.— Gen. Schcepf to be Removed ; The " Galvanized " Enlist- 
ing in the Navy ; Dr. A. R. Smith; Meals in the Rooms; Lines by 



CONTENTS. XVll 

Col. Duke, 16.— "St. Patri(ft^'s Day In the Morning;" Night tlie 
Time for Writing ; A Change ; Judge Goldsborough and Hon. J. F. 
Dent; A Box from Mrs. Caulk; Imposition upon Sympatliizers; 
A Good-for-nothing Fellow ; 500 Men from Camp Chase; Prepara- 
tions for the Reception of Officers from Johnson's Island; Jigs 
and Break-downs by the Dutch Battery; Good Tilings from 
Friends; A Turkey Dinner; l^arge Attendance at Prayers; A 
Good Resolution; Kerosene in No. 6; Employments, 17.— Late 
Rising in No. 6; Visitors; A Waggish Englishman; Jesse D. 
Sykes; Imprisonment for showing the Road; Swearing his way 
to Norfolk; Henry W.Long; Reprimand for Copperhead Letters; 
Col. Duke has a Visit from Bishop Wood; A Discussion; Erogden 
to be Exchanged; Resolutions in the Virginia Legislature; Box 
from Mrs. Caulk ; Prison-made Rings, 18 — Only Twenty- two Men in 
the Casemates ; Better Opportunities; Belts and Cartridge Boxes; 
Fair Weatherand MoreLiie; "All's Well," 19.— Crowdsof Visitors; 
Sabbath Desecration; No Seclusion; Night Services; A StiflF 
Official; Extorted Statements, 2\— Reflections; Close Confine- 
ment; A Cheerful View; Dignified Laborers; The Sergeant's 
Stick; Mrs. H. to Visit Baltimore, 21. — A Convalescent from the 
Hospital; Pneumonia; Skinned Kuucklgs; A Man Shot; Press- 
ing her Suit; Prisoners from Camp Chase; Irregularities of the 
Mail; Five Worshippers; A Storm Brewing, 22. — Cold Weather; 
Heat In-doors; The "Old Gorilla" Frightens his Orderly; A 
Doubtful Result; Brogden and Pearson; Stories of the Past, 23. — 
Abundant Supplies in No. 6; Routine of Living; Grateful to 
Friends; Mrs. Medora Thayer; A Splendid Overcoat for Col. 
Duke; David Copperfleld; Levee in NOo 6; The "Court" at the 
Point of the Bayonet, 21. — Dr. Stone and Vaccination; 600 Men 
Sick; "Johnnie Reb" takes " the Oath" and Leaves; A Friendly 
Discussion; A Cross for the Lady Superior; Religious Opinions 
of Gen. Thompson; A Subject of Interest; A Strange Position; 
Three Blank Cartridges; Walking Out; A Baltimore "Plug;" 400 
" Convicts," 25. — Stormy and Disagreeable Day; No Music in the 
Prison; Major Hammond and "Annie Laurie;" Lucas and his 
Violin; The " Court " Aroused; A New Order from Cook "Josh;" 
Help from Dr. McCown, 26.— Weary Sabbaths; Killing Time; No 
Call for Preaching; Evading Worshiii; Temperance Talk; Gen. 
Thompson's Humor; An Honest Enquirer, 27. — Recruits from the 
Ohio Penitentiary; Changes In the Quarters; Four Kentuckians 
Prepare to "Galvanize;" False Statements by a Prison Spy; A 
Troubled Mind, 28.— The Insect Tribe; Snyder Imposes upon a 
Lady Friend and makes off with a Full Purse; Increased Watch- 
fulness; Another Spy; Tricks; The Favored Few ; Old Eolus, 29. — 
The Coal Supply Exhausted; Gen. Vance and Col. Dick Morgan; 
Vaccination; Bogus Sickness; A Scene of Gymnastics; Careless- 
ness of Cunningham; Miss M. N. Smith, 30.— No Coal; The Men 
in No. 1; A Large Steamer at Delaware City; Brogden's Health; 
* The Constant Few, 31.— 294-883 

XI:— APRIL. 

"All Fools Day;" A Scene for a Hogarth; The Officers Interdicted; 
Lieut. Russell; A Drummond Light, 1.— " Commissary" Tibbets; 

(2) 



IVlll CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Neat Housekeeping; The Galvanized Officers; The Autlior Be- 
trayed; A Parole; Pleasant Information; Occupation of Room- 
mates; Holding Firm at Haifa Dozen, 2. —An Order from Gen. 
Sclicepf; Parole from "Reveille to Retreat;" Preaching at the 
Barracks; Introductions; Seeking a Private Interview; Descrip- 
tion of "the Pen; " Details, 3. — Two Trips around the Island; Gen. 
R. B. Vance; An Escaped Convict; Ball land Chain Abolished; 
The Federal Chaplains; A Popular Light, 4.— Special Permits for 
the Paroled Officers; No Allusion to Political Sympathies; A 
Mistaken Colporteur; Indignities to Confedei'ate Officers in the 
Ohio Penitentiary ; The "Sweat Box;" Cruelties of Meriou; The 
Generals Hard at Work; A Contretemps; General Exchange; An- 
noyance of Political Prisoners; The True Witness; Wind and 
Rain; A Collision on the River, 5— Walk with Gen. Vance; 
Capt. Wright of Alabama; Col. James F. Brewer; Gen. Schojpf 
and the Paroled Officers ; New Orders; Carelessness in Regard to 
Boxes, 6.— "Fresli Fish!"; Haswell Magruder; Officers Desiring 
Religious Instruction; Watchfulness Increasing; Perambulating 
the Island,?.— A Pleasant Walk; Chat with Cols. Duke, Morgan 
and Tucker; A Happy Couple; Capt. Gibson; Maj. Steele; Col. 
Wilmer and "Judge" R«sin; Apprehension in Regard to the 
"Court;" Recruits for Company Q,; A Thorough Search; The 
"Parson of the Islands," 8. — Prisoners from Alton; Conversation 
about OldTimes, 9.— A Terrible Storm; A Literal Sentinel; Two 
Prisoners Shot; Visit to the Barracks; Preaching; Conversation 
with a Gambler; Conversion in the Ohio Penitentiary; Wishes to 
Study Theology ; Lieut. Andrews; Night Services; Major Lamar 
Fontaine; Imbibing tao Freely; An Address by Gen. Schojpf; 
Tibbcts Soliloquizes; Money Returned, 11. — Fine Day and Beauti- 
ful Landscape; Anniversary of the Fall of Fort Sumpter; Death 
of S. B. Davis; Announcement in Regard to Exchange; "Rebel" 
Generals in the Jewelry Business; Tlie "Galvanized" Officers; 
Serenading, 12.— Horrors of tlie Night ; Unworthy Chaplains at the 
South; CajH. Charleton Morgan; Col. Tucker; Quiet Quarters; 
Letter to Col. Purnell; Encouraging News from the South; Gold 
in New York, i:!.— Suicide; Gen, Morgan— in forty-eight battles, 
mostly successful; Smuggling Liquor; Want of Congenial Chris- 
tian Society; Unfavorable Influence of Prison Life; Discourage- 
ment, It. — A Hot Discussion; A Weighty Argument; Col. Ward; 
Lieuts. Thomas and Andrews on Parole; Revival in Delaware 
City; Maj. Hammond's Dream; M ij. Wright Safe, 15. — A Pass for 
Mrs. H. ; A Pleasant Interview; Jen. Scha>pf In Fine Humor; A 
Prison ATouni ; Poetry by Gen. Vance; Reign of King Alcohol ; Ig- 
norant and Unprincipled Men; A Bloody Fight; A Portsmouth 
Acquaintance at the Hospital, 10.— Taking a Sail ; Preaching at the 
Officers' Barracks; Mnj. Ferguson; Lieut. Bristed; Short Services 
in No. 2, 17. — .A. Great Treat- Keconnoltering the Pea Patcli; Mrs. 
Stanley; Massacre at Fort Pillow; Opinions Expressed, 18.— Ex- 
citing Day; Fight among the "Convicts ; " Showing Passes at the 
"Bull Pen;" Professors of Religion in "the Pen;" Employments; 
No Scarcity of Food but Miserable in Quality; Capt. W. R. White; 
Swimming the Delaware; Tibbets has a Day of Trouble; The 
Mail Carrier Discharged; Three Blockade Runners, 10. —Reflec- 
tions; Mrs. Reynolds of Portsmouth; Yankee Rule at Portsmouth 



CONTENTS. XIX 

PAGE 

and Norfolk; ]Miss McCarrick ; Wounded Prisoners from David's 
Island; Exchange of Convalescents; "Ought to be Hung;" "Mon- 
sieur Tonson Come Again," 20. — "Vit.it from Mrs. H ; No Release 
without taking "the Oath; " A Call; J.W.Boucher; Late Provost- 
Marshal Fish; Samuel H. Pairo; A Lady Ordered to Leave the Is- 
land ; Letter from C. H. Stanley, Esq., 21.— In " the Pen ; " Conversa- 
tion with a Sick OfBcer; Talk with Capt. Morgan ; A Mysterious 
Letter; DryTortugas; TJnrlesque Pay-day Scene; Tosner Leaves the 
Island, 22.— An Artist at the Fort ; Autograph Album ; Lieut. F. C. 
Moore; Maj. McCreary; Capt. Geo. W. Monro; Desiring to be a 
Minister; Excitement in the interior of the Fort; "Delaware 
"Volunteers;" Hungry "Rebels;" Catching a Crust; A "Judge" 
Hoaxed; Capt, And of Maryland, 23. — Preaching at the Barracks; 
Arrangement for the Sacrament; The Photograph I\Ian; Sabbath 
Amusements; Unflt for Work, 21.— Long Waiting; Deaths from 
Suspense; Capt. Long Released; Anecdote of a North Carolina 
Man; "Aunt Janie" Ordered Outsl;!; ; No Funerals for Several 
Days, 25.— Capt. Long; Breakfast at 11 A. M.; Round with Lieut. 
Andrews; The Meauingof the Word £'n/t;ac?e; Animosity between 
the Yankee Volunteers and the "Galvanized" Men; Stoppage of 
Liquor Supplies; A Malicious and Disgusting Book, 26. — "Visited 
the Barracks; Col. Welby Carter; Dinner with the Paroled Ofli- 
cers; Supplies from Yankeedom; Lieut. Tomlinson; Shooting a 
Negro Woman ; Theological Talk ; Losses of Boxes and Money, 27. 
—Col. Tucker of Kentuckj-; An Inquirer; The Bible and Mcll- 
vaine's Evidences of Christianity ; Good Results; Scbley's Regi- 
ment, and Negro Troops; Reported Fall of Newbern, N.C., 28.— 
Delightful Day; The Past and the Present; A Floating Target; 
Returned Photographs; Worship and Cards, 29.— General Inspec- 
tion; The Great Man of the Day; Capt. Mulolow.ski; An Honored 
Position; Half an Hour with the Sick; Remarkable Experience 
of a Young OfQcer; Bitter Feeling against the Author; Solemn 
and Impressive Worship, 30.— ...... 3jS-fl)5 

XII :— MAY. 

Good Congregation at the Barracks; Notice for Lecture, Prayer-meet- 
ing, and Communion; Excitement; Frolicking Dutchmen, 1.— 
Early Rising; "Young's Night Thoughts;" "Visit from Mrs. II.; 
Pass to "Visit Mrs. Reynolds; " Rebs" Perambulating the Island; 
Mortality among the Church-builders; A Hoax; A General Melee; 
Unsuccessful Attempt of the Osceola, 2.— An Order for Release; 
Services at the Officers' Quarters; Insolence of the Guards, 4.— 
Brogden leaves the Fort; Changes among the Political Prisoners 
and the Paroled Officers; Beating a Retreat; A Kind Permission; 
Letter from a "Good Samaritan" Friend; Return of Capt. W. F. 
Gordon, Jr , 5.— Battles of the Night; Escapes; New Preaching 
Place; A Work of Grace Commenced; Return of "Bread cast 
upon the waters;" An Opportunity for Escape, 6— Stopping the 
Cracks ; Suspension Beds ; Two Sons of Judge WooUey of Ky., 7.— 
An Active and Interesting Day; Preaching; Enquirers; Commu- 
nionServices; Baptism and Profession ; Silent Prayer; Dedication 
Hymn,8.— The enemy not Subdued; An Innndati n; Removal cf 
Old Friends; Sickness; Capt. Hart Gibson ; The age of Mendacity, 



XI CONTENTS. 

PAQB 

9.— Visit, to the Officers' Quarters; A "high old time"; Continued 
Awakening; The two "pens"; '■ Carrier Pigeons"; "A Hungry- 
Rebel"; The Rations to be Reduced; "Shutting Down"; News 
by the "Grapevine"; A Musljet Fired, 10.— Suspense and Confi- 
dence; An Advance on the Sentinels; Excitement in the "Pen "; 
Embargo; Maj. Halliburton Fired Upon; Col. Carter Interposes; 
Taken to the Guard Housf ; Apprehension of Outbreak; The Fort 
to be taken with Brickbats; Aleudacious Announcement in regard 
to Fort Darling; Capt. Noel, 11. — An Intimate and Pleasant Asso- 
ciate; A Spontaneous Lyric; A Contract Surgeon, 12.— Letters 
from Va.; Acrostics; Startling reports; A great game of Chess; 
Delightful Music, 13.— Great Bitterness; A Dose of Venom ; Loy- 
alty at Norfolk and Portsmouth; Evening Employments, 11. — 
" Everything Closed Ui<; " Removal to the Barracks; A Crowd of 
Henrers, 15.— Writing; Dining Apartment; Rations; A Treat from 
Maj. Bullock of Kentucky; Sutler's Store; lu Danger of Being 
Shot; Roll-calling; Letters Restricted to Half a Page, 16.— Another 
Change; Reinforcements; Major-General Edward Johnson and 
Brigadier-General George H.Stewart; Invitation to Dinner ; Meet- 
ing in 31; Capt. Buford A. Traej-; Interesting Details Concerning 
Gen. Morgan and the Ohio Penitentiary, 17 —Roll-call Omitted; 
Bible Reading among the Prisoners; Conversations with Back- 
sliders and Inquirers; Professors of Religion among the New- 
comers; Death of Capt. Noah J. Rawley; Interest in the Evening 
Service, 18. — Lowering Weather; Beds Covered with Dew; Prayer- 
meeting, 10.— Laus Deo ! ; Inquiry Meeting; Col. Davidson of North 
Carolina; Hymn-books; Barroom; Masons; Lyceum; Special 
Prayer-meeting; Athletic Sports; No Sentinels in "tlie pen;" 
Capt. Samforil, 20.— A Signal OlScer; Distribution of Blankets; 
Destitution of Clothing, 21.— Interesting Sabbath Services; Three 
Potatoes E.^tra at Dinner, 22.— Inquiring for Light; Religious 
Services, 21 — Faring Badlj^; SufTering for Clothing; Laboring 
Hard; Six Young Converts; Asking the Prayers of the Church; 
600 Officers In the Barracks, 21.— Ilealtli Failing; Interrupted by 
the Masons; Preacliijag; Conversation and Prayer in the Dark; 
No Letters; Officers Relieved of Paroles; Asking Donations of 
Books, 23.— Floors covered with Mud and Water; Increased Inter 
est in the Prayer and Conference Meetings, 26.— Revival Progress- 
ing; Constantly Employed; An interesting Interview, 27.— Find- 
ing Peace at tlie Inquiry Meeting ; Conversations with the Awak 
ened; A Written Request; Small-pox in " the pen;" A Suspected 
Person; A Serious Bunk-mate, 2S.— Crowds at Preaching; Deep 
Feeling; A Bible Class of Ninety Officers; Braving the Influences 
of the Day, 23.— Remittance of Bibles, from Mrs. A. W. Emley of 
Philadelphia; Inquirers; Interesting Cases; Capt. Samford at 
Work, 30.— Visiting the Hospital under Guard; Masons; Five 
Colonels at the Conference Meeting; Disagreeable Quarters; Order 
to Clean Up, 31.— 405-435 

XIII :— JUNE. 

Earnest Inquiry ; Conversion from reading Tract No. 339, of the A. Tr. 
Soc; Col. Nowell Cobb; Ijccture and Conversation; Gen. Iloff- 
mau visits," the pen," 1.—" What shall we do to be saved ? " ; Cou- 



CONTENTS. XXI 

PASS 

ference Meeting ; Lieut. Mackey; Labor in Speaking; Sustaining 
the Work; Sickness; Boxes, 3.— Confederate Generals hearing the 
Word; A Soldier in Tears; Col. Davant; Free Conversation and 
Exposition; Asking Prayers and Counsel, 5. — A Conversion; Col. 
Hardeman; "Up for Prayer"; Mud and Water; Short Rations; 
Fifth Maryland Leaves the Island; A Militia Regiment, 6.— The 
Masons; Lieut. McKemy; Capt. Thos. W. Harris; Wolf, in Dis- 
guise; Good News, 7. — Rev. Dr. Junkin; Opposition; A Good Dis- 
course; Looking for Fruit ; A Peculiar Case, 8. — Fasting, Humilia- 
tion and Prayer; Services during the Day; Sundry Cases, 9.— 
Sylvius O. Haudy; Not far from the Kingdom; An Interesting 
Question; A Pleasant Announcement; Miss Gunby, 10.— Found 
Peace; Capt. Angell and Lieut. W. M. Bulloch; Capts. Q. L. 
Roberts, Mayes and Shane; Revival Progressing; AskingAdvice; 
Ice-cream; Sutler's Checks; Delayed Letters; Money Gone; Cards 
and Music, 11. — Preaching in 31 ; Deeply Affected ; Bible Class ; An 
Abrupt Close; Music and Confusion; No More Ice-cream, 12. — 
Deep Concern; A Personal Experience ; Capt. Wm. R. White; 
Cooking on the Bank ; The Popular Beverage, 13.— New " Seekers ; " 
Dr. Junkin Again; Five o'clock Meeting; Crowds; "Coming 
Up;" Conversation; One Hundred Miles in Seventeen Days, 14. — 
Two New Cases; Capt. W. H. Bennett of Georgia; Officers at 
Work ; Letters from Dr. McCown and Mrs. H. ; Rev. Dr. Brecken- 
ridge and Rev. W. C. Handy, 15.— Officers from Fort McHenry ; A 
Deranged West-Pointer; Baggage Rifled; Rejoicing in Christ; 
Capt. John G. Knox; Lieut. J. F. Caldwell; Address to Young 
Converts; Inquiries concerning a Call to the Ministry; Books 
Coming; A Retaliatory Movement, 16.— Eighty Officers from Fort 
McHenry; Unfailing Interest; Masonic Hearers; Rations Grow- 
ing Worse; Leaving for the Hospital; Costly Cream, 17.— Army 
Converts; Deep Concern; A Special Conversation, 18.— Preaching; 
Bible Class; Profitable Exercises; Twenty-seven Converts, 19.— 
Eleven Months a Prisoner; Meditations; A Valuable Box; Dis- 
tribution of Bibles and Hymn Books; Prison Library; Packages 
of Clothing; The "Grab Game;" AMean Trick; An Unreasonable 
Prejudice; An Unconverted Church Member; Pleasant Services; 
Inquiries on the Subject of Baptism; A Good Sermon, 20.— 
Anxiety; Lieut. F. C.Moore; Lieut. Armistead; A Fearful Scrip- 
ture; Intercessory Prayer, 21.— An Acceptable Box; Poor Rations; 
Capt. H. L. W.J. ; Remarks; Mrs. J. B. Spotswood; Knotty Ques- 
tions; Seeking the Prayers of the Church, 22.— Sick; Meetings as 
Usual; Dr. Junkin Again; The "Old Roll-Book;" Continued Op- 
position; "Political Fallacies;" A Denial; Lame Officers; Maj. J. 
McC. Turner; Expected Recruits ; Letters; The Lord's Supper, 23. 
—Son of a Methodist Preacher; Death of Lieut. Wood; An Eligible 
Change; Another Move; Forty-five Field Officers; The Confed- 
erate Batteries at Charleston ; Lossof Active and Useful Men; Re- 
turned to the Barracks; Meeting Deferred, 24.— Removal to 34; 
Fixtures ; An Imposition ; Six Hundred and Fifty Men ; Capt. H. 
A. Allen and Lieut. Shannon; The Ordinances; Admission of 
Members; Call and Qualifications for the Ministry; Outside Move- 
ments, 25.— Remarkable and Interesting Sabbath; Large Congre- 
gation; Profession of Christ; An Interruption; Communion and 
Baptism; Brotherly Love ; Sons of Ministers ; Fatigue; Marshall- 



nil CONTENTS. 

Ingby Divisions ; OfBcers in close Confinement, 26.~Regulations in 
34; Application for an Awning ; Platform for the Sentinels; Mr. 
Magruder in the Guard House; Speculating in Ice; Omitted Ser- 
vices, 27.— Ditch-water for Bathing; Family Worship; Remanded 
to the Fort; Rev. Dr. Breckenrldgt in "the pen"; Rev. W. C. 
Handy and Miij. Steele; Compliments; Capt, Mitchell shows his 
last ration; Promised Impiovement; Recruits from Indiana; Four 
Sentinels on the Platform ; A Placarded " Reb " ; M iss E. A. Pretty- 
man ; A Western Preacher; No fixed time for Taps; Lights Out, 
25. — Difficulty of Ingress to the Dining Hall; Shorter Allowance, 
and no Knives, Forks or Spoons; Want of System in regard to the 
" Money Call" ; A srtrange character as Medical Umpire; Erection 
of Cupolas; An Unnoticed Letter; An Old Fashioned Baptist 
Preacher; Certificates of Church Membership; A Package from 
Rev. Dr. McCown, 29.— Leading in Family Woi;ship; Col. Harde- 
man and "Parson" Thomas; Booths, Shades and Stands; Lem- 
onade and Corn Beer; Keno-and Faro; Capt. J. G. A., 30.- . i35-46G 

XIV :— JULY. 

Morning Ablutions; Filthy Ditches; Barber Shop; Jewelry Establish- 
ment, &c. ; Conversations with Inquirers; Boxes from Newark, 
Del.; OfBcers relieved of their Pocket Knives, 1. — Escapes; Pre- 
caution; Books from Baltimore; Revival at Johnson's Island; 
Returned Surgeons ; Officers Counted, 2.— Searching the Barracks; 
Jammed at " the rear " ; Three Thousand Canteens; Services in 
three Divisions; Decline of the Revival Spirit; One Hundred 
Officers Studying tlie Bible; Out-door Service; Hundreds in At- 
tendance; Like Spirit in 31 ; Excessive Labors, 3.— "Independence 
Day"; Frolicking Yankee.'-; "Rebs" walking out of " the Pen"; 
The "Boys" wideawake; Lieut. G. W. Finley, 4.— Late Breakfast 
and scanty " Grub " ; Remarks by Sundry Officers ; Another 
Search; Three Hours in a Scorching Sun; Pocket-books and 
Watches; Money thrown away; Theological Class, 5.— Morning 
Service; A Photographer; Groups; Unfit for Pastoral Work; Fell 
In "the Stand"; Prisoners Sick, 6.— Exciting Day; Attempted 
Escapes; Insolent Guards; Confusion in the Rolls; A Bold Move- 
ment; Shooting of Col. E. P. Jones; Biographical Note; Removal 
of Capt. C. Morgan; Talking Prohibited, 7.— Bill Dauglas promoted; 
Unusual Watchfulness; Apprehension and Danger; Gen. Schcepf 
and Capt. Ahl in "the Pen"; The Guards Excused; Ahl orders 
the Firing; The General Embarrassed; The Awning; Services; 
Ten Dollars from a Friend; Embarj^o, 8.— Continued Watchful- 
ness; Walking upon tip-toe; Capt. Dunkle; Chaplain Paddock 
and Rev. Mr. Colton; A Hard Fatf ; Securing a Tid-bit ; Remorse- 
less Beggars; "Feet-washing"; Orders in glass frames; No al- 
lowance for Deafness or Misunderstanding, 9.— No Roll-call; Tan- 
talized with Short Allowance and spoiled Beef; Death of Col. 
Jones; Preaching in three Divisions; Large Numbers attending 
Bible Class; A New Trouble; A Treat from Capt. Samford, 10.— 
Spies in "the Pen"; Interesting Meeting; "Rebels" used as 
Horses; Resuming the Roll-call; Suspended Service, 11.— Re- 
turned Refugees; Escapes; Good Remarks; "Grape"; An Un- 
timely Arrangement ; Family Worship, 12.— Lieuts. Mitchell and 



CONTENTS. XXIU 

PAeK 
Bullitt on Prayer; Gordon and Devitt throwing Dirt; Report Con- 
firmed; Exciting News, 13.— Bed-ridden; Cruel Sanitary Arrange- 
ments; Maynadier; A worthy Son of a worthy Father, U.— 
Adding Testimony; A Curious Sight; Classical Studies; Encour- 
aging News from Petersburg, 15.— Suffering; Picked upon "the 
Long Rout"; Dreading the Hospital; A Warm Southern Man; 
Fall of Vicksburg, 16.— Capt. Samford holds out; Settling a Dis- 
pute; Sensible Remarks by Capt. Thomas; " Hearing and Asking 
Questions," 19,— Anniversary ; Review of the Past; Good Done; 
God's Providence; Lieut. James L. McKemy; A Characteristic 
Discourse; Imposition, 20.— Declining Health; Asking a Parole; 
Visit from Gen. Schcepf; Medical Advice; A Kind Friend; Ser- 
vices and Letters, 22.— Boxes; Timely Medicines; Capt. G. W. 
Lewis; Eighty Prisoners from "the Old Capilol"; Dr. J. M. 
Covert; "Parson " Thomas on " the Falling Stars," 23.— Visit from 
an Old Family Physician; Bible Class; An Interesting Discus- 
sion; Another Preacher-Captain; "No Power to grant Paroles," 
24.— Travelling in Shirt and Drawers; Two Hundred Privates 
Escape; Capt. E tt of Mobile; Maj. George Shearer ; Disheart- 
ening Rumors; Postage, 25.— Thanking God for his Hopes ; Organ- 
ization of the Christian Association; Qood Things from Miss 
Baker of Baltimore; Chap. Robt. F. Evans, 26.— A Good Break- 
fast; Cozy Time; Rev. Messrs. Colton and Frazer of Ohio; Oil.cers 
of the Christian Association; Loan of Books; A Canca-d, 27.— 
Benefited; Bugle Call; The Episcopal Service; Box of Clothing 
from Mrs. Emley; A Change; Another Election ; Remittance from 
Dr. McCown, 2S.— Broken Down; First Regular Meeting of the 
Association; Standing Committees; Two Hundred Professors of 
Religion ; Capt. A. J. (?) Lewis Ordered to " Mark Time '" ; Prob- 
ability of Exchange, 30.— Too Feeble to Occupy the Stand ; Water- 
ing the Yard ; Fourteen Field Officers Removed to the Fort, 31.— 466-491 

XV:-AUGUST. 

Intense Heat; Noisy Sentinels; Newspapers Suppressed; Lieut. Jos. 
B. Coffleld; Letters; Questions, 1.- A Hard Case; Capt. W. F. 
Robbins; Christian Association; Twenty-five Dollars forwarded 
to Mrs. Emley; News, 2.— Sentinels Vigilant ; Musket Firing; A 
Man Shot; Capture of a Dead Body with Canteens and Oil- 
cloths; Capt. Hamby; Lieut, M. K. Estes, 3.— Longing to be at 
Work ; Maj. Reed of Miss., 4.— Rev. INIr. Colton Again ; Mrs. Way ; 
A Hurried Call; Capt. Carter, 6. -New Arrangement of Bible 
Classes; Teachers; A "Dragging Effort;" Death of Capt. GrifHu; 
Private Shot; On a Spree, 7. — Confusion during the Night; A 
Man Killed; Grape; Exaggerations, &c ; Gangrened Arms; Short 
Rations and Little Water; Females Visiting the Island, 9.— Offi- 
cials in "the Pen;" Restricted Correspondence; Beer Standt;; 
Rebel Power at the Plow, 10.— Intolerable Heat and Thirst; No 
Ice for a Sick "Reb;" Appealing to tlie Chaplain; Want of Spirit 
in the Riligious Services, 11. — Exciting Report; Dullness; Exam- 
ining Candidates for Church Membership; Profession and Bap- 
tism; Tluj Right Hand of Fellowship, 12.— Commotion in "the 
Pen;" Call for Field-Offlcers; Crowds Separating; Reminded of 
the Judgment; Buoyancy; A Prophetic Dream; Busy Carts; 



XXIV CONTENTS. 

PAGK 

Longing for Ice; Improved Rations; Meeting Suspended, 13.— 
Cruel Denial; Filling the Ice House; No Move; Trembling; Tlie 
Preachers at Work, 11.— Suspense; In the Dark; A Good Mail; 
Mr. Culbertson; ^opes Aroused; Asking Prayer, 15 and 16.— 
Packing Books and Clothing; Scraps and Autographs; Insult 
from an Understrapper; No Access to the Commandant; Embar- 
rassments; Fraud or Improper Delay; No More Orders on the 
Sutler; More Spirited Services ; Forgetting to Pray for Inquirers ; 
A Kind Expression, 17. —Continued Suspens*^; Letter from Dr. H. 
M. Gamble; A Farther Donation; Capt. White and Capt. Tracy; 
Many Boxes; Want of Responsibility; Seventeen Days in the 
Guard House; W. F. Lee, 18.— "Slim Chance for 'Dixie,'" 19.— To 
Move at 12 o'clock; An Attempted Meeting; Confusion; Misun- 
derstanding; "Home Again;" Sad Adieus; Carters, Jolinsons, 
Lewises, &c.; Buying Excliange; A Lost Opportunity; Six Miles 
in Fourteen Days, 20. — Unfortunates; Services; Lieut. A. J. W. ; 
A Large Assembly; The Sutler's Sabbath, 21.— Vacating the Di- 
visions; Tibbets Routed; Box Call; My Old Kentucky Friend; 
"The Alexander McCown Library"; An Old Neighbor; Hostages 
from Leesburg ; Letter from Col. Purnell ; No Response ; One 
Hundred Dollars for the Awning; A Contrast, 22.— Bad Night; 
Waiting at the Gate; Supply of Bibles; Demand for the Word; 
Message from Gen. Schcepf; An Explanation; No Place for 
Meeting; Delinquent Post Master; A Terrible Fracas; Major 
Elliott Returns to tlie Barracks, 2.3.—Waiting in Hope; Order to 
Pack Up; The Pen at "the Rear;" A Hard Time; A Sudden Call; 
Cleaning Up; Dr. Edward Worrell; Another Convert; Sixth Mas- 
sachusetts Regiment, 21.— Hard Times Among the Privates; "A 
Gettysburg Prisoner; " Putting Up the Awning; A Grand Gath- 
ering; Mrs. Emley's Attentions; Capt. Woolfolk ; Indebtedness 
to a Mass. OflScer; Robbery; Miss L. F. Henry, 25.— A Blessing; 
W. H. Moury Shot; Christian Association at Work; An Artist, 26. 
— Much Concern; White- washing;; Restricted to Ten Lines; A 
Failure, 27.— A Stone Thrown ; Purpose Thwarted; Episcopal Ser- 
vice; "Judge" Rasin on the Outside; Kind Words from Lieut. C. 
C. Turner; A Poor Eflfort; A Heavy Reinforcement; Politicals 
Leaving; Missiles from the Barracks; Twenty-five Dollars from 
Dr. McCown, 28. — A Good Report; A Yankee Friend; Uncondi- 
tionally Released; Conversations, 30.— Gen. Vance Conducts the 
Service; Prof. L. Gounart; Capt. W. H. Stewart; Empty Beer 
Barrels; Recruits from Shepherdstown; Major Bullock, 31.— . 494-532 



XVI:— SEPTEMBER. 

Adjt. F. A. Boyle; Rev. T. N. Williams; Complaint of Hunger; Abrupt 
Close; Lines by Gen. Vance, 1.— Visit from a Sentinel; Officers at 
Work; Restlessness among the Yankees; Restrictions, 2.— Anx- 
iety in Regard to Exchangp; Expedients; No Sleep for the Sick 
and Nervous; Christian Association; An Unkind Prohibition; 
Change of Hour; A Rapid Business; Class in The Evidences of 
Christianity; Visit from a Friend; Arrangements for Escape, 3.— 
A Gloomy Sabbath ; Sermon by Chaplain Williams ; Encouraged ; 
Interruptions; Failed to Get Off; Pleasant Conference, 4.— Rainy 



CONTENTS. XXV 

PAGE 

Night; A Sentinel at the Sally-Porf ; Truelty Made More Cruel; 
Nailing Up the Openings; IVie Philadelphia Inquirer; Despon- 
dency; Longing to be Free; Faith Sorely Tried; "The Pen " Full 
of Water, 5. — Blowing Cold and Wild; Great Discomfort; Appre- 
hensions; Mr. Dougherty of Pennsylvania; Maj. Mill-; Capts. 
Stewart and Brown, and Lieut. Bailey ; Expedients for Cooking; 
A Full Stop to the Meetings; Busy Writers; Narrative of Revival; 
Letters from Mr. Culbertson and Others; Death of Gen. Morgan, 6. 
— Continued Rain ; Starting the Class; A Sabbatli School of Bible 
Classes; " Giiape " in Regard to Atlanta, 7.— Overflow of the 
Ditches; Under the Awning, A Committte of Examination; 
Brave Soldiers!; Lieut. Harder; Confession and Baptism, 8. — 
A Rarity; A Favorite Subject; Death and Elopement; A Tar Heel 
on " The Grape " Line, 9. — The Guard House for a Basin of Water; 
A Monstrosity of Filth; Recruits from Loudon and Fauquier; 
Gen. Asa Rogers, Rev. O. A. Kinsolving, and Rev. Geo. W. Harris; 
An Animated Debate; Committeeon Education ; Secular Studies; 
Literary and Scientiflc Lecture- ; Instructing Inquirers; A Public 
Confession; Deceived by the Government; Bad Rations, but 
Better for Ouce; Amusing, but Affecting; Giving Way to Others; 
Prayer for the President of the Confederate States; Rev. Mr. 
Harris at Work ; Sweft Communion ; The Sabbath School Inaug- 
urated, 11.— Sunrise Meeting; Uncomfortable Quarters; A Low, 
Rough Set; An Impressive Flight; A Successful Interview; An 
Unauthenticated Story; Heavy Clothing; More ' Grape," 12. — 
Christian Association; Gen. Vance on Prayer; Crusty Sentinels; 
Capt. Alex. Boarman ; Illness of a Wife; Out for Enrollment, 13. — 
Change in the Weather; Morning Walk; Wounded Officers; 
Meetings; Calls; Maj. Rlcliardson of V''irgini:i, 14.— Call for Chap- 
lains and Surgeons; A Peremptory Refusal; Threatened with the 
Cells; Hatred and Vituperation; Capt. Moore of Georgia ; A Fare- 
well Sermon; Another Convert, 15.— steamer New York; Saving 
the Shirts; Exchange of Negroes; An Interesting Class; Impres- 
sive Remarks; Murders in Miss uii; Tlie "Two Seed Baptists," 
IC— Out of Doors ; The Sportsmen; Voteof Thanks to Mrs. Emley; 
Trying to Feel Patient; A Pleasant Letter; Back to the Cells; A 
" Fresh Fish ; " Personal from James River, 17.— Respectful Atten- 
tion; Beautiful Sight; A Zealous Episcopalian; No Privacy; Mr. 
Harris in 24, 18.— Grand Old Hymns; "Will the Heathen be 
Saved?"; Suspense Relieved; An Injured Man; Noise and Ex- 
citement; Mutually Comforte>l ; A More Pleasant Berth, 19.— 
Weary and Anxious Hours; Doctrine of a Particular Providence; 
Daily Record; Utility of the A wninj;; Unusual Solemnity ; Capt. 
N. A.Sturdivant; Law of Development; AJolIyCrowd; Petroleum 
Lamp; "Luck ' to the Author; Recruits from Carroll Prison; 
Depressing News, 20 — Mnj.-Gen. J. B. Gordon ; Gen. Jolin Morgan; 
A Newspaper Flourish ; '"We Shall Soon See; " Timely Cautions; 
Seriousness; Meaning Well; Order Revoked; Destruction of 
Letters; Encouraging ''Grap( ; " The "Six Hundred" at the South, 
21.— "Visiting the Menagerie;" Answering an Inquiry; Thanks 
for Times of Refreshing; Boasting of Victory; The Bubble to 
Burst; The Sutler Replenishes; Piling away tlie "Greenbacks ;" 
Progressing Wei!; A Personnl, 2'2.— Nightmare; Dr. Hayni( ; 
Friends Calling; Noise and Confusion; Popularity of tUe Gamb' 



XXVI CONTENTS. 

PAGK 

liug Tabk ; No System in Regard to Mails; Official Spreeing, 23.— 
Gen. Vance Presiding; Gaming; Adjt. Thomas; Timely Warning; 
No Complete Catalogue of Sins in the Bible; "The Lot Cast into 
the Lap," &v. ; A False Announcement; Sheridan's Victory; One 
Hundred Guu.s; Uproar and Confusion, 24.— Unfavorable Morn- 
ing; Ministeis Occupied.; A Sense of Failure; Invited to Dine; 
A Bad Conscience; Clothing with Restrictions; Bible Studies; 
Solitaire, 23. — One Hundred and Fifty Scholars; The Masons Ac- 
tive; Hunger; Cheering Grapt ; A Prowling " Wolff; " "Boys" 
Cooking; Confiscating the Boards; Thieves Cauti^oned, 26.— A 
Pleasant Day ; Routine of Work ; Lecture by Gen. Vance ; " Hur- 
rah for Broken Bones!"; Build up the Waste Places; A Noble 
Stand; Examining Sick Men; A Permit; Suffering from Expos- 
ure; Detail of News; The Inquirer Chuckles, 27. — Reinforcement; 
Conflicting Accounts; Three Thousand Men Hors de Combat; Al- 
lowances to be Made; Professors of Rejigion; Backsliding; New 
Comers at Servici-; Lieut. G. Shauk; Prof. Gouuari; Successful 
Interview; Steamer JVeio York; Irregularity and luconsistencj- ; 
Rage for the Classics and Mathematics; Dancing; Money Ex- 
changes, 28.— Mr. F. L. Qalleher; Transport Delayed; Sly Negotia- 
tions ; Arranging Committees; An Inquiring Sceptic, 29.— Very 
Cold ; Scripture Biography ; A Worthy Exemplar, 3D. — . . 532-583 

XVII:— OCTOBER. 

Badly Treated ; Turned Out of Doors; A Redundant Work ; "The Asso- 
ciation;" Lieut. Boone; Col. MeKnmy; A More Comfortable 
Berth; Trying to Keep Warm, 1.— Five Services; Capt. H. Lan- 
sing Burrows; Ten Thousand Prisoners to be Sent South, 2.— In- 
terruptions; " Watts on the Mind;" Great Improvement; Busy 
with their Books; An Unfulfllled Promise; Singing; Comic 
Speeches ; The Un pardonable Sin ; Prayer Answered, 3.— Study 
and Recitation ; Under the Awniu;^; Mud and Dampness; Crowd 
In 25; A Good Resolution; Critical Exercise; Boucher Released; 
Mj' Untiring Friend; No Letters, 4.— A Quagmire; Tobacco from 
"Dixie;" A Driving Business; Schedule of Prices; Immersion 
Under Guard; Peeping and Wondering; A Good Spirit; Exam- 
ining for Exchange; Buying Chances; Curious Diseases; "When 
Will He Come?"; A Baptist-Methodist, 5.— Great Excitement; 
Very Glad; Cartel of 18(52; Call at the Gate; Confusion; Will be 
Greatly JMissed ; Capt. A. Boarman; Dissolved Partnership; Poor 

T ; Son of a Richmond Clergyman, 6.— Getting Off; Queer 

Tricks; Taking Bids; Fortunate Divisions; Capi. W. JI. Dwight ; 
Classes; Ahl and Wolfl"; Sergeants, Clerks and Orderlies; Medi- 
cines; A Cup of Coffee ; Patent Lamp; Eating at Option; Adjt. 
G. S.Thomas; Poring over Greek, 7.— Hugging an Overcoat; No 
Accommodation; A Discussion; Evening Prayer; "Good to be 
There;" Letter from Gen. Hitchcocl;; Awning Wreckeil; Hunt- 
ing, Pointer Dogs, Ducks, Ac. ; licking up a Crust ; Adoptiug the 
Recommendation, 8,— Suffering from Cold; Call fur Dr. Handy; 
Order from the Secretary of War; Rejoicing; Pleading inVuin; 
Bible Classes Consolidated; Crowds in 31; Farewell Sermoi:; 
Divine Assistance, 9. — Receiving Calls; Overvvhelme 1 ; A Tele- 
gram; Letters; Ea^er to iiear tiie News; A Turn of Piisou Life 



CONTENTS. XXVll 

- PAGE 

The Awning for a Mattress, 10.— A Cheerful Heart; Unprepared- 
ness for Winter; No Replies; SuflFering; Taking the Sutler by 
Btorm; A Rat Hunt; Prison Epicures; Lieut. W. D.Hall; Slime 
Fish; No Squeamishness; Successful Result; Supper by Invita- 
tion; Subjects in Variety; Under Cover, 11. — Bachelor Life; Nice 
Brealifast; Capt. Whitehurst; Cooking stoves; Entertaining Visi- 
tors; Kiuduess and Attention; A Comfortable Supper; A Quiet 
Time ; Evening Worship in 27, 12.— ..... 584-603 

iQNCi-TTsroN :— Leaving; Mingled Feelings; Wife in Waiting; Inter- 
I esting Scene; A Grim Dutchman; Useless Requirement; The 

OldErickson; A Hundred Eyes; Hoisted Over; Delightful Trip; 
Rev. Mr. Oweu; Sundry Friends; A Private Courier; Old Point; 
An Eastern Shore Acquaintance; A Stiff Officer; A Limited 
Pui'se; "Uncle Sam" to Foot the Bills; "The House of Deten- 
tion;"' Detailed for Camp Hamilton; Capt. Blake of Maryland; 
A Bargain Strucli; Delightful Siesta; Lacking Experience; Sud- 
den Order; A Tyrant at the Fortress; "You May be Afraid of 
Him, Madam;" The Steamer Greyhound; A Large Fleet; An 
Annoying Accident; A Sour Fellow; "How Do You Do, Sir?"; 
A Queer Mistake; No Call for the Keys; A Gay Young Officer; 
"At Your Service;" Offering Assistance; Embarrassed; Cham- 
bermaid; Invitation Declined; Aikin's Landing; Gen. Mulford; 
Gen. Butler; Waiting Transportation; Varina; CurtisPeck; Busy 
Officers; A Well Known Air; Flagship; " Who's There?"; Sam- 
uel M. Price and Family; " Thou Hast Loosed My Bonds." . 604-612 

Appenuix, .......... 613 

Sighs and Rhymes, ........ 615 

Index of Names, ......... 661 



^yiii 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



The Author, 

Fort Delaware, 

"Kebs" at Work, 

Hunting for Graybacks, 

Catching a Crust, 

Tumble Out — Tumble Out! 

"I Just Want to Pat your Good Head,' 

Embarkation for Exchange, 

Perambulating the Island, . 

Refusing the Coat, . 

"Thumb-Screwing," . 

Evening Prayers, 

Mock Court, 
Boxing Match, 
April Fooling, 
Confederate Group, 
Baptism in the Pen, . 
Confederate Group, 
Murder of Col. Jones, 
Cooking on the Bank, 
Theological Class, 
Washing in the Ditch, 
Visiting the Menagerie, 
Baptism by Immersion, 
The Mistake, 



PAGB 

Frontispiece 
. 11 V 



15 
. 30 ^ 
46 ^ 
. 63 
103 
, 1« '' 
165 '' 
172 -^ 
189 ^ 
224 
236 ^^ 
351 ^ 
353 4 
404 V 
459 "^ 
471 
473 
4S2 
536 

518 ^ 
571 
590 ^' I 
608 v; 



(xxvlli) 



United States Bonds; 



OR 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AITTHOEITY. 



I. 

June. 



1863. 



Portsmouth, Ya., Wednesda)/, 17 ili. — Have been hopmg, 
for months, to visit Delaware for recreation and health. Wo: 
arc all broken down, and v/orn out, from excessive labors, and' 
the excitement of tlie times. During tlic last eighteen months, 
besides the usual pastoral work, I have preached nearly one 
hundred funeral sermons ; and have been constant in visiting 
the sick and dying, in every part of the city. Vfc have had 
all sorts of trouble with the Yankees, and suffered constant pri- 
vation from the rigid blockade. It is ^imc t^at wc should rest ; 
but how to do this has been the question. To-duy, when least 
expected, a pass came from General Dix, allowing a trip to 
Baltimore, and the privilege of returning at Avill. This is the 
more remarkable, as official opposition lias been made not only 
to myself personally ; but the authorities, at Norfolk, have 
publicly announced, that no favors are to be grantc?d to any 
momber of the Handy family. The present obligation is, 
chiefly, to my brolher-in-la\v, the Hon.. W. II. Purnell, of 



^ UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Baltimore, whose friencllj interposition has secured the pas?, 
without even the usual parole, or oath. It is a boon, indeed, 
especially for my Mife, whose health is exceedingly delicate, 
and who desires to visit her invalid mother, whom she has 
not seen for five years. I shall go to Delaware, sj^end a 
few weeks, and returning, leave the family with friends. 

The sympathy of many has been perfected to-day. Those 
who have wept with tlieir pastor and his family, amid scenes 
of trial, now rejoice with them, in the hour of gladness. Crowds 
have assembled at the manse ; congratulations have been 
offered ; and all are ready to aid in immediate preparations 
for the important visit. 

There is no time to be lost. Clothes must be packed, fur- 
niture adjusted, the library cared for, Northern funds ob- 
tained, and a family ticket secured for the trip up the bay. 
There must be as little noise, too, as possible, for Creneral 
Viele may get wind of the movement; and if he cannot jire- 
vent it, altogether, he may greatly embarrass and hinder. 

The ladi> s worked hard. Baskets, trunks, and boxes were 
soon arranged ; books were cautiously distributs d over the 
city ; a valued friend advanced the greenbacks ; ^ another se- 
cured tlie free ticket, on the Louisiana ; ^ everything worked 
smoothly; and in due time the company moved off — pastor, 
wife, five children, atid two colored servants — leaving manse, 
and a multitude of things (that could not instantly be 
hidden), to the care of friends, and yet subject to the tender 
mercies of those who search houses, and appropriate ad libitum. 

We took the boat at Norfolk, about five o'clock ; and were 
a little startled, on reaching the upper deck, to find Major 
Bovey/ who probably wondered how we could leave without 
the usual authority ; but no questions were asked, and we were 
soon reassured. 

1 Furnished by Mrs. P. Hamill, assisted by sundry fricxitl&, 
20. D. Ball, Esq., of IheR. & R. Railroad. 
3 At that time Pro\ost-Marshal at No"l'olk, 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 6 

Had some difficulty at Old Point, about the servants — the 
guards refusing, at first, to let them reship for Baltimore, with- 
out special mention of their names in the pass. It was neces- 
sary to act jiromptly — so hastening aboard, I ordered the girl 
to follow with the babe ; and as she obeyed at once, the mus- 
keteers stood back, and the ticket officer acknowledged the 
comprehensiveness of the pass. 

Chatted, on the lower deck, with a couple of Yankee soldiers, 
who were returning from the war. They were heartily sick 
of the scenes at the front; and spoke with severe disparagement 
of their army leaders. One of them declared that the officers 
were the first to run ; and the other said that, on the retreat 
from Harrison's Landing, his own regiment came back without 
a single commissioned officer. 

Mrs. H being quite sick in the night, and the babe 

restless, Sarah volunteered to retreat, with the little one, to the 
saloon. Her devotion to the child was a subject of great won- 
derment to the blue-coats who hovered around ; and, about 
daybreak, the faithful servant was actually obliged to appeal 
to her mistress, to defend her against some prating " Down- 
Easter," who was reading her a lecture about spending her 
time nursing Rebel babies, when she might go to New York, 
or, perhaps, farther North, and be a lady. 

On leaving, this morning, great interest was manifested 
about the reputed movement of the Confederate Army into 
Pennsylvania. All were more or less apprehensive, and, yet, a 
majority of the citizens were in sympathy with the on dit. 

Arrangements are positively going on, in regard to the 
evacuation of Suffolk; and a terrible work of desolation is in 
progress, in the neighborhood. The Yankees are burning 
houses, cutting down the growing crops, and doing all they 
can to make ruin complete. 

Thursday, 1 Sth. — Had a restless night. Reached the Bal- 
timore wharf, at half-past six o'clock • and was quite disap- 



4 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

pointed in not seeing the boys.-^ Engaged a wagon, and waited 
more than an liour, before leaving for the canal -boat, at the cor- 
ner of Light and Pratt streets. Made several trips, back and 
forth, from the boat to the post-office, apprehending a final 
disappointment in regard to the meeting. Was not relieved 

until eleven o'clock, v\'hen Col. P , the boys, and a 

number of friends made their appearance, having been detained 
by some accident to the cars. Delightfid interview ! Left 

daughter G with the friends in Baltimore, and got oiF 

about four o'clock. AVife sick on the route ; boys talkative, 
and happy; Chesapeake City at eleven P. ISI.; St. George's at 

half-past one. Found T D ^ in waiting with carriage, 

and wagon ; wife still sick ; raining ; reached the old home- 
stead, near Port Penn, at half-past two; joyful reunion; and 
bed at daybreak, Friday morning. 

Liberty Hall, Friday, Idth. — Spent the forenoon, until 
about ten o'clock, in bed. Was greatly refreshed by the un- 
disturbed morning repose. Arose in good condition for con- 
versation v/ith the friends, who were constantly calling to 
greet their old pastor, and his family. Among the visitors 
who came in, during the day, were the Pev. Mr. Gajdord, 
Pastor of the Presbyterian Church, Port Penn, and my old 
friend Ciipt. Jefferson,^ Ruling Elder in the same congregation. 

Before tea-time, the house was well filled. Everybody 
wanted to hear something about the South, and the hopes and 
fears of the Secession. At the table, conversation became very 
animated ; all for a time seemed to be of one heart, and of one 
mind ; there was no reserve ; questions, important or unim- 
portant, were freely proposed, and answers were given in 

iTwo sons of the author, M.P.,and J. H. M Handv, who for the last six 
months had been residing at Mt. Washington, near Baltimore, under the care 
of their uncle, Col. Paruell, Postmaster of the city. 

2 Thomas F. Dilworth, Esq.— Mrs. Handy 's ])rother — to whom the author 
was indebted for many comforts whilst a prisoner at Fort Delaware. 

sHon. Samuel Jefferson, formerly Rpenker of the Delaware House of Del- 
egates, and subsequently Democratic candidate for the Gubernatorial chair. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 

detail. But it was soon discovered that, in that apparently 
cougenial circle, there was at least one dissentient mind — that 
was the mind of my preacher brother. 

" Why," said one, " have yon allowed your hair to grow so 
long?" 

The answer required some detail in the statement ; and inci- 
dentally it was mentioned, that I had recently been taken for a 
Confederate officer in disguise, and had been arrested as a 
Rebel spy. 

The subject had to be explained; and this led to a full 
account of a conversation which took place at the time of the 
arrest, between Col. W. Dulany, of tlie United States Marines, 
and myself, at tlie Gosport Navy Yard. 

It would burden these pages, to repeat what will more 
appropriately appear in a similar journal, to which those inter- 
ested may hereafter have access.^ I may simply record here, 
that the conversation was fiiliy detailed at the table, and that 
all appeared to be deeply interested in the narrative, until 
mention of the United States flag, and the words Avhich passed 
between the Colonel and myself, in regard to that (so called) 
"emblem of liberty and equal rights." 

" But that old flag ! " said the Colonel, " I can never give it 
up." 

We were standing, face to face, on the parlor floor, and had 
had a warm talk about the oath, the Navy Yard, and the pos- 
sibility of a raid from the Confederate lines. He had now, 
however, become satisfied that I was ntjt an officer, nor a spy, 
and w^as indirectly defending his position as a Southern man 
occupying a Northern standpoint. He had assented to my 
views in regard to the oath, and had just said in a sort of 
enigma : 

" Well, I am either a Presbyterian or a Turk ! " when he, 
naturally, referred to the flag in the words repeated above. 



1 The Home of the Merrimac, or. War Times at Portsmouth, Va.— soon to be 
published. 



b UNITED STATES BONDS ; OK 

I felt it my duty to avail myself of the advantage gained, 
and rejoined with earnestness : 

" / venerated that flag too, Sir, when it represented the 
Constitution, and proclaimed equal rights — protecting, alike, the 
North and the South. But that. Sir, is no longer the flag of 
the Union ! It is not the old fiag ! The symbols are the 
same — but the j^i'inciples are changed ! What is a flag — irre- 
spective of principles ? It is simply a painted rag. That flag 
once represented high, and noble principles, I venerated 
those principles ; and I loved the old ensign because of the 
principles. But what mean those stars and stripes, to-day ? 
Not, certainly, what they once meant. Now, when I look 
upon a United States flag, I think I see written upon its 
broad folds : Abolition ; Coercion ; Downtrodden Con- 
stitution ; Oppression ; Tyranny ! ! ! Those are not my 
principles ; and I must say to you. Colonel, that I have no 
res]3ect for any flag representing such enormities ! " 

Looking the old Marine earnestly in the face, and availing 
myself of his evident emotion, I extended my hand to his 
shoulder, and urged with emphasis : 

" And you, Colonel, are a Virginian ! " It seemed as if 
he would sink into the floor ; and I really felt sorry for him, 
as he stood perfectly dumb, under the effect of the appeal. 

A great deal more was said, in the conversation with 
Colonel Dulany, before we parted, with a better understanding, 
on the stone platform, in front Qf the old '^Commodore 
Mansion . ' ' 

Enough has been introduced, here, to show the purport of 
what passed at the table in Delaware, and what it was that 
aroused the ire of my brother Gaylord, who, luitil tiiat mo- 
ment, had been regarded as a warm friend of the South. 

I was not, now,' in debate, nor originating any new senti- 
ment for present effect. The object was simply to while 
a-way the hour, with anecdotes of the past, and to interest the 
company : all of whom were supposed to be in harmony with 
their Virginia guest and friend. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. / 

But the current was too strong for my timid compeer. At 
the very mention of "the flag," he began to struggle; and be- 
fore I had completed my story, he was writhing like a man in 
deep waters, and as with the bound of one who would sjiring 
for his life: 

" O, brother Handy ! " said he, " I cannot allow you to 
speak so of my flag ! " 

I was surprised, and taken aback ; for I had supposed that 
this brother — my successor in a Delaware church, among people 
of Southern principles, at one time a Virginia pastor, and but 
a few years ago a publicly announced friend of the " United 
Synod" — I hud supposed, that we were standing upon the 
same platform, and that he could say Amen to all I had 
uttered. I was mistaken, and could only reply : 

" Why, Mr. Gay lord, is it possible you object to the mere 
repetition of a conversation which took place months ago ! I 
thought you would be interested. My object is simply to 
recall the past, and to show what has beeu going on under my 
own eye." 

It was very apparent, that lie was not in sympathy with 
the surroundings at the table ; and further conversation would 
have been very constrained, but for some remark from one of 
us, which led to a warm debate about State rights, and North- 
ern oppression. I remember, that in the course of conversa- 
tion, tlie condition of our sick soldiers was rcfe-ned to, and 
that my opponent greatly objected to au allowance of med- 
icine to any wiio occupied the position of Rebels. Why did 
he forget that word — "Sick and in prison and ye visited 
me"! 

But I have no disposition to extend this record. £)0 much 
is important to illustrate events ; and I add but a sentence or 
two — necessarily ex ^yost facto — to show cause for future 
imprisonment. 

Before the table-talk, Mr. Gaylord asked me to preacli for 
him on the foilowino- Sabbath — but I thouo;ht it Lest to de- 



5 UNITED STATES BOIS'DS ; OR 

cline. After our little ttte-<X-Ute, I felt the move decided in 
this course ; and when he pressed me on that subject, I told 
him plainly that, after what had occurred, it would certainly 
be imprudent for mo to take the pulpit. He insisted that, as 
a former pastor, I would bo expected to preach, and that there 
would be a general disappointment if I should decline. It 
was not, however, until we were about to separate, and stand- 
ing together at his carriage, that I suffered myself to yield to 
his importunities, and then, only, with the understanding that 
he should take the consequences. 

The day closed Avith anxiety, and Avith deep regret on my 
part in regard to probable results. Lateat scintlllula forsan ! 

Note. — A few word^ of explanation will prepare the way 
for the subsequent history. On Saturday morniui;, I made a 
visit to DelaAvare City, and called at the house of Mr. Gay- 
lord. He received me politely ; and, notwithstanding the ex- 
citement of the evening before, it was still his request, that I 
should occupy his pulpit on the approaching Sabbath. The 
Sabbath came, and I preached to an attentive audience in my 
old pulpit, at Port Penn. Some persons seemed to be rather 
offish; but the times were peculiar, and I felt no disposition to 
complain. 

A few days intervened, and I removed, with my family, to 
Sussex county, hoping to enjoy a calm retreat at Foi'est Plall, 
the residence of John D. Dilworth, Esq., my wife's father. 
Here, for several weeks, we were rusticating with intense de- 
light; and knew or cared little about the outer world. On 
one occasion, T preaclicd a plain, gospel sermon, to a large con- 
gregation assembh d under the tre?s in front of the old man- 
sion. During all this time p)liti(S werc.eschewed ; and I was 
beginning to feel at peace "with all the world and the rest of 
mankind." But the most delightful dreams are oaly for a 
moment. Rumors were soon rife, in regard to a purpose of 
arrest. Mr. Gaylor>l was reported to have betrayed the pri- 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 9 

vacy of a do:ueslic colloquy. The table conversation had 
been repeated; exaggerations and perversions resulted; the 
whole thing became patent to the neighborhood ; and getting 
into the hands of some newspaper scribbler, it was connected 
with anoiher matter, and served as a political ladder to help 
an aspiring parishioner to a comfortable office.^ The attention 
of Gen. Tyler ^ v.as called to my presence in the State. I was 
denounced as a notorious Rebel, and a dangerous man ; and 
though, at first, the thing seemed to be utterly foolish, and un- 
Avorthy of not'ce — so much so, that no attempt Avas made to 
get out of the way — it, presently, assumed a more serious 
aspect; and the sequel will show, that I was arrested, and 
carri d to Fort Delaware, with the pass of Mijj.-Gen. Dix in 
my pocket^ — and, yet, with no charge against me but the irre- 
sponsible newspaper squib, and the affidavit of Mr. Gaylord, 
the particulars of which I haVe had no means of ascertainiug, 
except as stated by one v>'ho affirms that he saw, and knows. 
I am glad, that I bear no malice against this former co-Pres- 
byter ; and now, as he singularly enough preaches, again, to a 
congregation once the people of my own charge — one of the 
first amons: whom I broke the bread of life* — I wish him the 
blessings of a good conscience, making all due allowance for 
his distorted vision, under the Federal pressure, and rejoicing 
that the infinite God can bring good out of evil, a:.d make the 
wrath of man to praise Him. 



iSee Appendix A. 

'Commanding the Department of Delaware and the Eastern Shore.' 
3 Yet carefully preserved and in possession of tlio author. 
i Black water, Delaware, which was associated, ia my early ministry, with 
Buckingham, Maryiancli 



10 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

II. 

July. 

Forest Hall, Monday, 20th. — Had a very disagreeable 
night, in consequence of nervous headache, sleeplessness, and 
troubled thoughts. Too unwell to get up, though much 
better from effect of medicine taken before going to bed. 

At about eight o'clock, heard a strange voice, below stairs, 
inquiring for the Rev. Dr. Handy. At once suspected an 
arrest. The person M'as invited into my room. He proved 
to be a Capt. Ellison, with orders from Gen. Tyler directing 
him to take me into immediate custody. He professed to 
know very little about the matter ; regretted that he was com- 
pelled to perform the duty; and acted, upon the whole, in as 
gentlemanly a manner as his position would allow. 

I told the officer, that he could either wait for mo at the 
house, until the afternoon, or that I would meet him at the 
depot. He assented to the latter arrangement, which gave me 
several hours to recruit, and get ready for the journey. 

At the appointed hour, rode out to Bridgeville Station with 
my wife, who, in my feeble health, preferred to accompany me, 
believing (hat the whole thing was so preposterous, that we 
would return together in a few days. We Avero escorted to 
the depot by sundry relatives ; and Mrs. H. bore her babe in 
her arms. 

At four o'clock we were seated in the cars, which we en- 
tered in a di'iving rain. Reached St. George's Station at eight ; 
rode over, in a good hack, to Delaware City, and put up 
at Weir's Hotel, at about half-past nine P. M. Gov. Can- 
non, and his son-in-law. Dr. Cahill, came up in the cars with 
us, and occupied a seat within conversational distance. " His 
Excellency" was very restless; got out at all the stopping 
i)laces, and occasionally took a seat in another car. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 11 

I must give Capt. Ellison credit for his delicate, and gen- 
tlemanly bearing. He left me, for some hours, without a 
guard ; held an umbrella over me, as I stepped upon the cars ; 
looked after my baggage whilst I attended to my wife and 
little one; and, on our arrival at Delaware City, he volun- 
teered to hunt up Mrs. Handy's brother, and then left us at 
the hotel, on parole : making only some suggestions which, 
considering his official position, were not improper. 

Tuesday f 21st. — Plad a pretty comfortable rest last night; 
and at half-past eight, this morning, M-as severed from my wife 
and child, to appear before the commanding officer at Fort 
Delaware. Crossed over to the island ^ in a small steamer, in 
charge of Capt. Ellison, who still seemed respectful and atten- 
tive. 

At the Delaware City wharf, observed a number of old 
acquaintances — some of whom appeared to be glad to see me, 
whilst others were evidently sliy, and afraid, or unwilling to 
offer a salutation. It was amusing, to witness the conduct of 
different persons in the assemblage. Many of the bystanders 
were eager " to see the show," and pressed closely to the side 
of the boat. Others, more retiring, but not less curious, stood 
farther off, ogling the prisoner and commenting, in low tones, 
upon the event. 

I took no pains to avoid observation, but was rather pleased 
to be " known and read " of some present, who might well 
have come to my rescue : and who, could they have had the 
courage or disposition to do so, might have secured my imme- 
diate release. 

Among those who crossed over, this morning, were the 
Rev. E. J. Way, and Dr. John H. Fromberger — with both of 
whom I was acquainted, in former years. They are, now, 
engaged in the service of the Government, at the Fort. With 
each of them I exchanged a few words of friendly chat. 

1 Fort Delaware is situated upon Pea Patch Island, at the head of Delaware 
Bay. 



12 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

AVaitcd at the office of the Commanding General, fornearly 
an hour, before ho made his appearance. As soon as he came 
in, Capt. Ellison Jianded him several papers, for which he 
received an acknowledgment in writing, and tlien retired. 
These docuuK nts ])roved to be affidavits, in relation to the 
charges wliich had been made ajjainst me. 

Gen. Schocpf is a tall man, and rather good looking. On 
this occasion he had l.-ut few words, which were uttered in 
broken English, but in a manner not at all disagreeable. After 
•examining the papers, he asked me how long I had been 
residing in Portsmouth,^ and in a few moments called a ser- 
geant. I Mas immediately informed, that this man would show 
me my quarters. Asking if there would not be an investiga- 
tion of the charges, the General replied, No ! — stating that they 
had been sworn to, and that he had orders for my imprison- 
ment. 

After pressing a few explanatory Avords, in relation to the 
circumstances of the conversation, Avhich I supposed might 
have been the cause of my arrest, I soon found it would be per- 
fectly useless to expect a hearing at present, and that a close, 
and perhaps long imprisonment was before me. 

I was resigning myself to my fate, with the simple remark, 
that I thought it very hard that I should be shut up in such 
a summary manner, and without (!ven a word of explanation, 
when the General inquired : 

" Can you say, Sir, upon oatli, that you have never uttered 
language disloyal to the Government? " 

I replied, at once, that I could not do so; to which he 
rejoined : 

" Then, that Settles the question ; " and after some words 
about the leniency of the United States Government in com- 
parison Avi:h the governments of Europe, he sj)oke to the ser- 
geant in regard to my place of confinement. 



iThe author was, for teu years. Pastor of the First Presbyterian Cliurch 
Portsmouth, Va. ' 



DUEESS EY FEDEPwVL AUTHORITY. 13 

The command \7as to place me with three others, for whom 
a special room had been j)repared a few weeks ago. The ser- 
geant having failed to prepare the room in question, the Gen- 
eral gave him a severe and noisy reprimand j but a few words 
of apology sofcened his tones, and the fidgety little under- 
strapper Avas glad to hurry me off, leaving my vali.^0 in an 
apartment near the western sally-port, across the " Fort-yard." 

The quarters assigned to me were in the second story of a 
large building ixearly opposite the office of the commandant. 
As I walked up-stairs, a mulatto sentinel, about twenty-five 
years of age, stood aside and permitted my entrance. A num- 
ber of persons were stirring about in the hall. From their 
shabby appearance, I at first supposed them to be laborers 
engaged in some occupation about the building. I soon found 
that, like myself, they are prisoners. 

Supposing it would be best to make acquaintances as soon 
as possible, I addressed myself familiarly to several wlio 
crowded around, announced my name, and shook Imnds Avith 
all who halted or seemed to be inquisitive. 

Several persons pointed out vacancies in the different 
rooms, and one or two gave mc invitations to go in with them. 
In the course of the morning, I decided to quarter in No. G, 
and accepted an invitation to bank with a genteel young man 
from Loudon county, Virginia, whose name is Shreve. 

Stirred around a good deal, during the day, and made my- 
self acquainted in nearly all the rooms, which I find to be 
seven in number, each of them opening upon one of the two 
passages in this apartment. 

There arc persons here from various Southern localities — but 
a majority, I discover, are from ISIaryland and Virginia. There 
are several prisoners from the old Chesapeake and Delaware 
peninsula. Among them is Capt. Noali Il.iwley, from Dor- 
chester county, Avho is acquainted with my kinsman. Dr. Thos. 
H. Handy, of Cambridge, and f )r whom lie at first mistook 
me. He has lost an only son in the service of the Confederacy, 



14 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

but lie seems to be a ])ious man, and endures his suffering trust- 
ing in God. 

No. 1 appears to be occupied by eleven persons. Several 
of them are intelligent and -well educated young men — conspic- 
uous among whora are Capt. '\Ym. F. Gordon, of West Vir- 
ginia; Harry Brogdcn, of the Confederate Signal Corps j and 
Samuel Sterret, of Baltimore. In this room is the venerable 
Col. Waring, of Prince George's county, Maryland; and Mr. 
William Briglit, of Wilmington, Delaware — both of Avhom are 
reputed to be men of wealth. 

Found Mr. Bright to l)e a member of the Methodist Church. 
Suggested to him the propriety of making ourselves useful, 
while in duress ; and propo.-ed that he, as a Christian layman, 
should see Avhat arrangements can be made for daily worship, 
or a regular prayer-meeting. 

Before bed -time, ]\Ir. Bright called in, and informed me that 
a number of persons were anxious to have me commence an 
evening service. In a few moments, twenty-five or thirty men 
assembled in No. 7, which is the largest and most suitable 
room for the jiurpose. I read the thirty-seventh Psalm, and 
gave out that delightful old hymn : 

" When I can read my title clear." 

Nearly every man in the room seemed to join in the sing- 
ing* and then we bowed the knee in earnest, heartfelt prayer 
to the God of all grace and blessing. What a precious season 
had we, in that first family Avorship in pri-^ou ! True, the 
prison doors were not opened to us, as for Paul and Silas, in 
the days of miracles ; but our hearts were comforted, and I 
verily believe, that the secret soul of every man responded a 
cordial Amen to the petitions which were offered, in this dark 
inner room of our terrible bastile. 

Cunningham — the sergeant — furnished me with a brown 
blanket, after repealed solicitations; and I felt quite comfortable 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 15 

by the side of uiy friend Shreve, as we nestled together on the 
first night of my imprisonment. I thought of my dear family, 
and commended them to God. A prisoner for conscience' 
sake, I could pray, too, for those who persecute and despite- 
fully use me. 

Wcdnesdaif, 22c?. — Slept much better on my board bed, 
last night, than I expectcl. Arose early, and took a wash in a 
brownish, filthy water, the only kind to be obtained, and which 
I should certainly have rejected, with contempt, were not water 
of some sort essential to my comfort in the morning. 

Our room is occupied by seven persons, as follows : — Capt. 
Jackson, Capt. Ball, IMessrs. Shreve, Atwood, Pleasants, Tib- 
bets, and myself The room Is, perhaps, 12 by 18 feet, with an 
alcove, and grated window; the latter opening to the southwest, 
and looking directly across tho water to Delaware City. At 
the other end, and communicating with a dark central apart- 
ment — the same in which we hold our worship — is a large open- 
ing, making a draught directl}' through the building: On each 
s'de of tho room are tiers of bunks or berths, occupied by the 
persons whoso names have been mentioned. 

As I sit now at my grated window, with a table before me, 
I have a limited view of the river, and occasionally see vessels 
passing to and fro. The sight of Delaware City is obstructed 
by a cluster of willows surrounding an ice-house, which stands 
upon an embankment at a short distance from the Fort. 

A fine opportunity is, also, afforded, of noticing the move- 
ments of the Confederate prisoners — of whom there are said to 
be about 10,000 on the Island, at this time. These poor fel- 
lows are seen stirring about, in every direction, engaged in all 
sorts of work for their enemies. Many are carrying boards; 
some are rolling barrels of flour; others driving wheelbarrows 
before them ; and scores, with ropes attached to horse-carts, are 
drawing water, beef, bread, shingles, and whatever else is neces- 
sary to the sustenance of the crowds congregated here, or for 



16 UJS'ITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

furthering the improvements at the Fort. I am told, that the 
men thus employed get but two meals per day, according to 
the, established system of rations, but are allowed a third meal 
in return for their labor. My heart yearns toward these 
patriots of tho J^outh, as I see them toili::g for their foes, or 
marching up, like criminals, to receive their rations. 

A company of recruits for the Federal Army has been 
raised among the j)risoners, and now numbers one hundred 
men — mo-t of whom have been driven to this desertion, by hard 
nsage, and a short allowance of food. 

Col. Waring has received a permit to occupy a more quiet 
and comfortable room, on another part of the Island. He i>, 
also, allowed to walk about, under certain restrictions. Mr. 
Pleasants, of our room, has been granted the same privilege. 
They had scarcely become fixed in their new quarters, when 
Mr. P. was summoned to the General's office, and informed 
tb.at an order had been issued for his release. This gentleman 
is from Loudon county, Virginia; and has been confined for 
months at Fort JNIcHenry, and more recently at this place, on 
a charge of " harboring a llcbel, and giving aid and comfort to 
the enemy.'' He was, at first, condemned by a court-martial to 
be hung, and has now secured his release through the efforts 
of Hevcrdy Johnson, of Baltimore, whoso assistance vras pro- 
cured by the wife of tlie prisoner. Mrs. Pleasants is said 
to be an accomplished and vrealthy lady, considerably the senior 
of her husband, to whom she was married about four years ago. 

I have not, yet, taken my seat at the common table — but 
liave been down stairs to take a look. Finding thinrrs s) 
rough and haixl, concluded to try certain more private 
arrangements with my room-mates. Corned beef, and baker's 
bread constitute the daily bill (;f fare for dinner — while bread, 
and mu idy coffee aro served at the other two meals, Shrevc, 
Tibbets, and mvself have formed a ilub, and have manao-cd 
pretty well Avith tea, toasted bread, butter, beef from the 
common table, and catfish furnished by a boy confined for 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 17 

desertion among the Yankee convicts. A fjllow-prisoner, 
named Sugars, prepares our tea and toast for a stated sum. 

The allowance of bread Avas given out, this afternoon, and 
I went down with the rest to tha refectory and procured my 
loaf, which is to last two days. JNIy friend, INIr. Bright, seemed 
to shrink fro:n the indignity of walking through the yard 
before many old acquaintances b.donging tathe Home Guards, 
and wrapped his loaf in a handkerchief. I laughed at him, 
and told him that I really felt a sort of pride about it ; and, 
holding my brea 1 before me, took the outside track and re- 
turned to quarters. 

The company began to assemble, to-night, in No. 7, some 
minutes before they were called. A larger number were 
present than on last night. liead the 94th Psalm and gave 
out tlie hymn : 

"A charge to keep I have," 

which was sung with zest. Made a few remarks on the sub- 
ject of prayer ; and had, formally, to dismiss the men before 
they would retire. 

Took tea, by invitation, with Messrs. Brogd<^n, Sterret, and 
Gordon, in room No. 2. These gentlemen had just received 
some stores from Mrs. Ingraham, of New Castle, and seemed 
to enjoy them finely. We had a cup of good toa, bread and 
butter, and a nic;ly boiled egg. Brogden, and Sterret are 
young civilians of gent el, and pleasant manners, abounding 
in conversation, and full of wit, and humor. Capt. Gordon, 
who is a West Virginian, is a Confederate officer of the same 
class, and the three are, apparently, about the same age. 
Major Clary is also an inmate of this room. He has recently 
been married, and was arrested while on a visit North for 
that purpose. He has been granted the privilege of the 
Island, at certain hours, when his wife comes over from New 
Castle to see him. He is expecting, shortly, to bo released on 
parole, to go to Europe and remain, until the close of the -war.. 
2 



18 ■ UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

A number of pjrsons were gambling,' In the passage, as ^ve 
retired. Three blankets make my bid to-night — one 
undiT me, another for a pillow, and a third for covering. 

Thursday, 23(7. — The Avater, this morning, -was much im- 
proved, in consequence of new arrangements, by which it is 
conducted through a cistern, on the top of the building. The 
fixtures arc now complete; and we can cbtain tolerably clear, 
and good tasted water, by turning a cock at the head of the 
stairway. The arrangement fir washing is, also, pretty snug 
for a prison, and the luxury of a bath gives us a fail* start for 
the day. 

We have 'had quite a stir, to-day, caused by the presence of 
a number of visitors, who came to tlx; T>land on an excursion 
from Wilmington. 1 hey were chiefly females, who have rela- 
tives and friends among the military, Tliey seemed to enjoy 
themselves, much, in promenading the ramparts, perambulat- 
ing the enclosures, and in gazing upon our poor rajged Con- 
federates, as they marched in crowds to the cisterns t) fill their 
(canteens. They were, also, much amused at the political pris- 
oners, who stood before their grated windows, like so many 
wild beasts at a menagerie eyeing the spectators. To some of 
us the scene was very exciting, and we took no pains to con- 
ceal ourselves from tlie view of the curious visitors. 

Several excursionists came into the prison, and among them 
were Governor Cannon, and his Private Sc^cretary, Nathaniel 
Smithers. These persons were introduced to several of the 
prisoners; but I felt no disposition to hold communion with 
the men who, I Irad reason to believe, were rejoicing in our 
confinement. Dr. Fromberger, of Delaware City, also came 
up in the course of the day, and through him, I received the 
first news from my wife, since I left her. He informed me 
that she slept none the first night after our separation : but 
subsequently hearing of me, through Mr. Pleasants, who visited 
her at my request, she has become more reconciled, especially 



DUUESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 19 

in view of the field of usefulness which seems to be cpening 
before tne, in this strange place. I have sent her two letters — 
but the fir-t, and most important, has not been received. 

Col. Waring came in to see us, and brought a lot of onions 
and cooked beets. I Was invited to join the party in No. 2, in 
partaking of the feast. Enjoyed it, myself; but my chief 
])leasure consisted in seeing others, who had not tasted vege- 
tables before for months, perfectly delighted with the treat. 

Visited No. 1, and read aloud the Philadelphia Inquirer 
for the benefit of the company. The Eastern Shoremen are 
all in this room, viz : Capt. Miles, of Somerset ; Capt. Raw- 
ley, of Dorchester ; and Messrs. Wright, and Thorn, of Acco- 
mac county, Virginia. 

I received a number of the Delaware Republican, containing 
the anonymous article which, I suppose, was the instrumen- 
tality used to effect my arrest.^ It is an illiterate, and spiteful 
production — written chiefly to gratify personal vanity, and 
to pander to a rich demagogue M'ho is willing to pay his 
flatterers. It contains several gross falsehoods, and calls 
the attention of th$ Provost-Marshal to the fact of my pres- 
ence in Delaware, and of my extreme disloyalty. It says that 
I have been a chaplain in the Confederate Army ; that I left 
Portsmouth, (Virginia), because I could not support my fam- 
ily ; that I had taken the oath of allegiance to get to Dela- 
ware ; that all my political votes, before leaving this State, 
Avere given on a Southern basis ; and that I had preached at 
Port Penn, liy invitation of the pastor, to whom my true sen- 
timents were wholly unknown. All of these items are untrue, 
in every particular, but can do me no permanent injury. 
Magna est Veritas et prevalehit ! 

I am astonished at the composure, and happiness of my 
own mind, whilst shut up within the walls of this prison. 
God is supporting me wonderfully — for which I bless His 

iSee Appendix A. 



20 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Holy Name. A sufferer for conscience' sake, I frequently think 
of the o]d tinker, John Bunyan, Avho, when confined in Bed- 
ford jail, wrote tlie imperishable Pilgrim's Progress. Could 
I accompllsli one thousandth the good wrought by that won- 
derful man, gladly would I die in prison. 

There was a slight falling off, in the attendance at "worship, 
to-night. The room was full ; but I missed several who have 
heretofore attended. Singing was dispensed with, owing to 
the sickness of the person who generally raises the tunes. 

Shreve, and Atwood gave some stories of their blockade 
running, and narrow escapes from pickets — after which, avc 
tumbled into our bunks and fell asleep. 

FHclay, 2iih, — Slept well, during the night ; and feit un- 
usually comfortable, after the morning bath. AVas engaged in 
writing, for several hours, in the forenoon. Had another visit 
from Dr. Fromberger, who informs me th -.t my Avife has a 
pass, and Avill come to see me, to-morrow, and that regular 
s!ip[)lies will be sent me after to-day. Took a long nap be- 
fore diimer, and arose quite bright, and refreshed. 

After diimer went, under guard, to see Air. Alfed Camp- 
bell Belt, a sick man belonging to our room -who is now at 
the hospital. Found him much" improved, and engaged in 
hel])ing others. The room was full of sick and wounded men, 
who seemed delighted to have me talk and pray with them. 
My time being limited, I was about leaving, when the guard 
asked me if I would like to visit the other apartments. Re- 
plying in the affirmative, I wns conducted iiito the room im- 
mediat'ly opposite, M'hich was, also, well filled with sufferers. 
I spoke to them, in a general way, as I entered, and receiving 
kind words and looks, in return, immediately commenced the 
business of particular conversation, and presenily offered a 
prayer in the hearing of all. Every man to whom I spoke 
seemed gratified, and some asked me to cjmc again. The 
guard now told me, th:it ho had but two minutes before his 
hour for standing sentry, and we hurried back to the quarters. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 21 

The occasion Avas one of deep interest to myself, and I hope 
was profitable to the sick, some of whom were professors of 
religion, and others anxious on the subject. Oh, how j^leasant 
it would be to go around, among the hundreds who are lying 
ill, in the various hospitals on the Island t I would be glad 
to administer comfort to ani/ ; but especially would I like to 
be as an angel of good to our poor fellows of the South. Pei'- 
haps God has sent me here, for some work of this kind. If so, 
He will open up the way. 

A white-hulled schooner was seen, this afternoon, moving 
down the bay, immediately in front of the Fort. Presently, 
two guns were fired from a vessel on the other side of the 
water, bring! ng-to the schooner, and causing her to tack about. 
What it meant we were unable to decide. 

Our service, to-night, was unusually Interesting. Nearly 
everybody, from the seven rooms, was in attendance. Besides 
the usual singing and praying, I made some remarks occupy- 
ing about ten minutes, and eliciting profound attention. Some 
went out saying : " We have had a good meeting, indeed ; " 
and even old Mr. R , who is reputed to be an infidel, ex- 
pressed much gratification. All seem to think these services 
are doing good. Two pleasant results have certainly been 
observed : we have much less noise, at night, than formerly; 
and the card party have resolved to play no more, after eve- 
ning prayers. 

Before retiring, the band discoursed some good music; and, 
during the night, we had a serenade — not intended for us, of 
course, but of which we had the benefit. 

Saturday, 25th. — Much disappointed, this morning, in not 
seeing my wife. Am informed, that an order has been issued 
prohibiting either male or female visitors from coming to the 
Island — a result occasioned, I believe, by the bad behavior 
of the pic nic parties. 

Walked the passage for an hour and a half, with young 



22 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OH 

Sterret. Found that, with some seven or eight otliers, he is 
meditating an escape. The plan is to saw a bar in the windoAV 
of a water-closet; let themselves down by strips of blanket; 
Rwim the moat ; pass a sentinel on Ihe hill immediately in front 
of us ; and to cnss the river on a raft, landing at, or near, Dela- 
ware City. Snggested a better plan of getting to the other 
shore, which having been assented to by the party, will be put 
into execution, if the Avay be clear, on the first dirk niglit. 
Sterret is imprisoned for writing a letter to his fathei', making 
certain suggestions in regard to the capture of Califi)rnia steam- 
ers. He thinks his chance for a speedy release is very slight, 
and is even apprehensive of greater evil from a trial by court- 
martial. Brogden, Gordon, and others who are of the party, 
think they have very little to liope for in Federal hanvls, and 
are equally determined upon an escape. They have a r"ght, I 
think, to do the best they can for themselves. If I can help 
them, I shall do so. 

Immediately in front of our quarters, and in the Fort-yard, 
a number of Yankee convicts are imprisoned. Some of them 
are carrying the ball and chain ; and frequently amuse us by 
their dexterity, exhibited in throwing the heavy irons in front 
of them, as they move to and fro, and step into the galleries. 
We are much annoyed, however, at times by the sound of their 
balls rolling over the floor of the kitchen, which is immediately 
under us. Those who wear the balls were originally con- 
demned to death, but have had a commutation of their sen- 
tence in this degrading punishment. This morning, the whole 
•posse of convicts were drawn up in front of their quarters, and — 
with a heavy guard around them— subjected to a thorough 
search ; and all their money of a certain kind (what we were 
unable to discover), was taken from them. 

It was a curious spectacle, to see the rough and ill-bred 
detectives running their hands into the pockets of their old 
comrades ; turning up the f dds of their panls ; feeling about 
their bodies, and sometimes lifting the lighter men entirely 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 23 

from their feet. Of the cause of the search I am iguorant; and, 
of course, unprepared t) make ai;y comments. 

At about five o'clock, this afternoon, our j)arty were allowed 
to walk out, under guard, as far as the river bank. Several of 
the men stripped off, and jumped into the water. I envied 
them their bath; b'lt the water was too rough and deep for a 
poor swimmer, and I was obliged to forbear the luxury. Wo 
remained about an hour and a half, and felt consideral)Iy 
refreshed by the short walk and open air view. Met with 

young J. W , while standing on the bank. He seemed to be 

pleased to K[)eak with me, and told me that his father (one of 
my former elders), had engaged in a dispute about me at Dela- 
ware City, and incurred tl:e ill-will of some of his neighbors 
by condemning my arrest. He .said the old gentleman was 
still my strong friend — though differing with me, in political 
oi)iniou — and that he detired to send me some supplies should 

an opportunity offer. W appeared to be afraid to speak', 

and said he was closely watched and in danger of arrest. He 
joined the church under my ministry, and is now a member 
of the Delaware Hume Guards : his regiment being stationed 
on the Island. 

Quite a number of the prisoners are suffering from dysen- 
tery. They attribute it to the bad coffee, and fresh boiled 
beef, which constitutes the daily diet. I have never, as yet, 
seated myself at the common table, and know nothing of the 
coffee, and have only tasted the beef a ffw times. The latter, 
I am told, is cut up in large pieces and throN^n into the pot, 
without washing. The cooks are filthy looking fellows, and 
the table is the most forbidding and disgusting board I have 
ever seen. The coffee is served in largo pots, and is sweet- 
ened, in the mass, by the cooks. The beef is served around in 
slices, on the jilates, before the men sit down to their n:eals. 
The sight of all this, independently of the quality of the food, 
is enough to bring on a vio'ent case of sickness. 

I had a rougli shave, this morning, at the hands of a young 



24 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

man from Loudon, named Parker. My barber jjro tern., wh^> 
formerly belonged to Mosby's ooramand, is imprisoned as a | 
guerilla. He was first confined at Fort INIcHenry, where lie 
desired to take the oath, but was not allowed to do so. 

Good attendance at pravers, Remarks and singing as usual. | 

Sabbath, 26th — The Sabbath has passed off very quietly ; i 
and we have really had a pleasant day. At ten A. ]\I. seats * 
were arranged in the hall, and nearly every man in the apart- 
ment {i. e. from the seven rooms), assembled for worship. 
Tlie congregation was exceedingly respectful, and attentive, 
while I preached from my favorite initiatory text: Jcr. xvii. 
9, "T/is heart is dcsperatehf wicked. ^^ 

Just before the conclusion of the services, Cunningham 
came up with a package of letters, two baskets, a box, 
and a bundle. I was not so fortunate as to get a letter ; but all 
the other articles were for me, and Avcre received with grati- ' 
tude and pleasure. The company seemed to be quite as much j 
interested as myself; and in No. G, we made common cause at \ 
dinner. Capt. Rawley was invited in to partake with us — and ' 
we had a fine meal wilh our baked chicken, pickled beets, good 
light bread, and apple pie. Shreve had been wisliing for 
chicken ; and Kawley said he had not had such a dinner since 
he left home for Fort McHenry. Capt. Ball, Capt. Jackson, 
and Tibbets were equally pleased with the f ast. Thinking it 
would be too much for one day, the lemons, and confectionery 
W(re laid aside until to-morrow. 

At eight o'clock we had a prayer-meeting in the hall, at 
which nearly all the prisouers attended. Called upon Capt. 
Rawlcy, and Mr. Bright to i)ray ; and addressed the company, 
for fifteen or twenty minutes, on the passage, '' Christ is the 
end of ihr kiw,'' &c., without a formal announcement of tl;e 
t.xt. The attention was prof jund, and I think all were grat- 
ified with the services. 

There was no appearance of cards to-day, either in the 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 25 

passages, or in the rooms. So much for the influence of our 
meetings. 

Shrevo received a box of clothing, which pleased him 
much. 

Monday, 27th. — Much troubh', last night, with mosquitoes, 
dreams, and noisy night-walkers. Between one and two 
o'clock in the morning, Wier, a young man from the upper 
part of Delaware, who occupies an adjoining room communi- 
cating by a window with No. 6, jumped out of his bunk, with 
a scream, and alarmed the whole house. Several persons ran 
to see what was the matter, and found h'm, bruised and 
bloody, creeping on his hands and knees into the hall. The 
fellow had been dreaming, and uutler the impression tliat the 
prison wall was falling, he was making a desperate effoi t for 
his life. As it turned out he was not much hurt, and re- 
turned to his berth, after some jokes and good humor at his 
expense. 

Young Lucas, a Virginian in No. 2, while making his way 
to " the rear," last night, fell in the passage from debility, 
occasionel by diarrhoea. He was lifted from the floor by 
Tibbets, and presently fell a second time, and might have suf- 
fered much but for Tibbets' attentions. 

Twenty-seven Confederate officers left the Fortress, this 
morning, under guard, for Johnson's Island, in Lake Erie. 
They were required to sign a parole, which at first they re- 
fused to do ; but being threatened with gags and handcuffs, 
they presently yielded, on account of several sick men who 
were unable to endure this uncivilized torture. There were 
two chaplains in the party (Messrs. Granden and Bochelle), 
who have the reputation of being not only true Southerners, 
but devout Christians, and useful men in their profession. 
Ten surgeons — from A^irginia, North Carolina, South Caro- 
lina, and Missouri — were left to assist in attending the numer- 
ous sick Confederates on the Island. They were brou^-ht 



26 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

into our apartment, and put into No. 1 — the men in that room 
fintling quarters elsewhere as they couhl. Tlie surgeons had 
hardly arranged their bunks and baggage before Gen. Schoepf 
came up ; and adjudghig the room to be crowded and uncora- 
fortabk-, they were removed to a better plac?, across the yard. 

An excursion party land d at the wharf, about noon, in a 
steamer from Wilmington ; but no one bring allowed to come 
ashore, the disappointed crowd were obliged to return, without 
a view of the "great show." 

Three hundred and twenty-five Conf derate prisoners were 
mustered into the United States service, by Mnjor Judd, who 
came down from Wilmington for the purpos?. I felt mor- 
tified, and chagrined, to s e the poor fallows marching down 
the jiavement, in cast-oiF Yankee clothing, t) take sides 
against their brethren of tlie South. But they are greatly to 
be j)itied, as they have evidently been driven to this course 
by their extreme necessities. From all accounts they have 
had to suffer everything since they came to this Island. They 
have been put upon short allowance ; compelled to drink 
water from the moat, which is filled with excretions; been 
eye-witnesses to ten or fifteen deaths a day, and half naked, 
and compelled to sell their Confederate notes, at five dollars 
for one hundred dollars — they have joined their enemies 
simply for temporary comfort. But thty have gained little 
or nothing; for neither side longer respects them, as their 
loyalty is doubted by the Yankees, and believed by others to 
be merely of a " galvanized " typ;\ They have been placed 
in charge of Lieut. Ahl, who has heretofore had charge of the 
political prisonei-s, but now signs himself " Captain, and Com- 
missary of Prisoners." This officer seems to be indispensable 
with the Commandant of the post, but has little re-pect from 
the political prisoners. For myself, I can say nothing about 
him, as I have not yet made his acquaintance. 

Dr. Frombergcr informs me that Col. Purnell is to be in 
Delaware City to-night, and that he is expected to bring an 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 27 

order for my release. I am not anxious lo leave the Fort, 
except on the most honorable terms. 

Held religious services to-night in the hall ; nearly all the 
company in attendance. 

Tuesday, 2Hth. — We had an alai'm at midnight, which 
threw the whole garrison into confusion. I was sleeping 
soundlv, when tome one came rushing into the room, with a 
leport that Fortre-s INIonroe had been ciptured, and that a 
fleet of iron-cLids was coming up the Bay f )r an iinni(diate 
attack up m Fort Delaware. In a few moments, mi st of our 
comi)any were up, dres^sed, and in the passage. The long roll 
was beating; commands were given in loud and hasty tones 
by the Dutch officers, and men were running hither and thither, 
in every direction, over the yard. The convicts poured out of 
their quarters — many of them wearing only drawers and shirt ; 
the ijo'i'iical prisoners c^oMded to the windows — but were 
ordered back ; and everything was excitement and disorder. 
It was some time, before the companies could be brought into 
line. As soon as this could be effected, they were marched off 
at a quick pace, with loaded muskets, to the outside of the 
Fort. No definite information could be obtained ; the greatest 
anxiety prevailed ; and the suspense for half an hour or more 
was intense ; but no vessels appearing in the Bay, and the 
confusion in the Fort-yard having subsided, it was concluded 
by all parties, that the whole thing was a 7'use, to test the 
activity of the garrison. 

In the morning, it appeared that the alarm had been occa- 
sioned by the sound of a gun, fired at some Confederates who 
were trying to escape from their imprisonment. They had 
got down, through a privy, into the water, and had succeeded 
in wading out about fifty yards, before they were discovered by 
the sentinel. They were ordered to return — and two of them 
did so, immediately, and hurried back to the barracks Avithout 
being identified. Another poor fellow, more determined than 



28 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

his companions, hesitated and made some muttering reply to 
the sentinel, who fired at him with buckshot — striking him in 
the shoulder, breast and head — and killed him instantly. The 
guard wad' d out and brought in the body, which was perfectly 
naked, with a tightly sealed canteen under each arm. The 
Confederates are said to have been very much incensed at the 
murder of their fellow-prisoner; and were disposed in some- 
way to avenge his death. Our Dutch jailors, hurrying to the^ 
scene, threatened the severest results, if the excitement werci 
not instantly quelled. The unarmed men had no alternative, ^ 
and in a short time quiet was restored. 

AVas called to the General's office at about five o'clock, this 
afternoon, to see Col. Purnell, who had kindly hurried on from 
Baltimore to inquire what could be done for my release. He, 
had just arrived on a boat from New Castle, and had not seen I 
Mrs. Plandy, nor had any opportunity of learning the partic- 
ulars of my case. No time was allowed for explanations, anel 
I could do little more than say "Plow do you do?" — and 
« Good-bye." 

" You can only get out hu taldny the oath ! " said the Gen- 
eral, addressing me. 

" Tliat I can never do/' I replie 1, as respectfully as I could ; 
"I will lie in jail and rot first." 

The time having arrived fir the departure of the boat, and 
not being allowed t6 accompany my friend to the Avharf, wo 
were obliged to shako hands ; he simply stating, as he left, that 
my daughter was well, and suggesting that I might, perhaps, 
be sent South. After ho left. Gen. Scha^pf remarked — 

"I would, if I cnild ; but I cannot." 

He probably spoke the truth. From all I can 1; arn, he is 
a mere iurnlcei/, Avho has no power or authority beyond the care 
of the prisoners. He seems, however, to be a man of humane 
feelings, but coarse in manner and of variable temperament. 

I submit my case, entirely, to God, and believe He will do 
with and for me that which is most for my good and His own 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 29 

glory. Should be sony to be sent South, just now, as I M'ould 
probably be hurried off without a moment's warning, and with 
no opportunity to see my family, or prepare for reunion across 
the lines. 

Several political prisoners, among whom there were some 
British subjects, were released to-day. 

Had a long conversation with Mr. B. on the subject of 
God's special interposition in the affairs of men. Our views 
are very different; but I believe liini to be a sincere Christian, 
rejoicing in the fact that "All things work together for good 
to the people of God." 

Wednesday, 2dfh. — The day has passed Avith nothing of 
special interest, and altogether without excitement. The same 
spectacle is presented, day after day, as we look out upon the 
Island from our grated windows. Hundreds of Confederate 
prisoners and Federal convicts are incessantly moving at their 
work of rolling barrels, piling lumber, drawing loaded carts, 
carrying burdens, and attending to all the etceteras of repairing 
and building. Sometimes, crowds of them are seen sitting to- 
gether, under the shade of the trees on the hill, and at the ice- 
Ihouse ; at other times they are gathered, in great numbers, at the 
wharf to unload a schooner or steamer; and often the joor 
ragged, dirty, but noble fellows march in long lines, double 
file, to their scanty table, to return presently, toiling on till 
night for a third meal and piece of tobacco. 

It is generally believed, that our religious services are having 
a fine influence upon t!ie prisoners in our apartment. Capt. 
iRawley says the difference in the general deportment is ten- 
fold better. Heretofore the noise has been intolerable, and 
those of a quiet temperament have suffered beyond measure. I 

pan observe the improvement, to some extent, myself. T 

land B , two wild and noisy fellows, who, Avhen I first came, 

Y>ere incessantly jumping, running, or culling over the passages 
pid through the rooms, are now scarcely ever heard. Every- 



30 



UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 



body seems, more or less, interested in the evening worship, 
and no fulling off is noticed in the attendance. 

The prevailing pri-^on habits are reading, sleeping, gam- 
bling, and searching for " bngs" upon the clothes and body. 
There are several very low and filthy fellows among us, who 
pay no attention (o iheir jjersons, and who, passing about con- I 
tinually from room to room, necessarily leave their vermin be- 
hind. I have seen nothing of the kaid in No. 6 ; but we are all ( 
remarkably careful— every man making a daily examination of 
his body and clothes, and strictly attending to his ablations. 
I am quite amused sometimes at old Capt. J-- — , Avho every 
day takes off his shirt, and seating himself at the window, 
spends an hour or two in the eager hunt for "game." He 
says he has become so expert at the business, that he can dis- 
cover the smallest nit without his glasses. This care on the 
part of the veteran prisoner is not to be wondered at, when it 
is known how much he suffered from these detestable parasites 
at Fort MeHenry, where he had been confined for weeks 
under the most shameful circumstances. The old gentlemanl 
says he kept a regular account, for many days in succession, of 
the number caught and slain, which he informs me actually' 
reached the average of one hundred and eighty per day. His 
experience on this subject is so ripe, that he thinks he could 
write a good dissertation on the louse, with its habits and pecu- 
liar! ti ^ 



ties. 



I find that many of my fellow-prisoners are confined for! 
blockade running. Among these are Capt. Miles and Capt 
Rawley, and Messrs. Thorn, Wright, and others. Capt. Ball 
and Shrevc are imprisoned for guiding the Confederate Army 
on the Potomac, and othenvise aiding the South. Mr. Bright 
is here for nparly the s.ime'osteusible reasons as myself. Gor- 
don was a Captain in the Virginia cavalry, and was arrested 
for recruiting within the Federal lines. Ambrose is impris- 
oned on a charge of "horse stealing." Sterret for writing a 
letter conveying certain information to his father. Broaden 




UNTI.VG roll (; fiAVIiA CKS. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 31 

was captured from the Confederate Signal Corps. Baxlcy, a 
boy of fourteen or fifteen years of age, is charged with being a 
spy. Parker, t'.ie Wightmans, and others, are charged with 
bushwhacldng ; Tibbets with carrying bundles within the Fed- 
eral lines. Several Were soldiers in the Confederate Army, 
and Others are charged with various acts of disloyalty. We 
are certainly a motley crowd, embracing some forty-five per- 
sons, from fourteen to seventy-four years of age ; some well 
educated, some very ignorant ; some refined and pious, others 
coarse and wicked ; but there are a number of very clever 
fjllows, and we shall separate, by-and-bye, with many pleas- 
ing as well as painful recollections. 

Received to-day a tub and basket, filled with eatables and 
a supply of clean clothes. Waited several hours, after thdr 
arrival was announced, before they were brought in. Some 
of tha things looked a little as if they had been rifled, and 
some empty papers indicated that a few articles might have 
been rem )veJ ; but a valuable lot was received, and as usual, 
I made c jmmon cause with my room-mates, who treat me 
with the utmost respect and attention. 

Sent out a letter to my wife by an acquaintance, who gave 
It, unexamined, to the mail carrier. I fe'.t some apprehension, 
as my friend was " })retty gaily ; " but he seemed to know 
what he was about, and being a good tmd true man, so far as 
the S'juth is concerned, I ventured to trust him, and have 
since learned that the letter went safely. 

Thursday y SOth. — I find that those who have previously 
occupied our casemate have amused themselves by writing nu- 
merous inscriptions upon the doors. I make the following 
selections, which are of interest as exhibiting the spirit of my 
predecessors : 

NOTICE TO GUESTS. 

Proprietor — Mynheer Johannes Van Shlsselbiddendid- 
denhohencohensnaffer. 



32 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Illiterate English guests arc informed that tlie proprie- 
tor's name is 

John Smith. 

GiiG=ts are respectfully notified that the proprietor -will 
not be responsible for valuables or money, uidess left with the 
clerk at the ollice. Boots are not safe if left at the door j the 
boot-black will call and get tho boots. 

All guests are searched for money or valuables, and any 
or either found will be taken by the proprietor of the hotel, 
who is at this time hard pressed for the money, and sometimes 
forgets to return what is found. 

An omnibus constantly ready to convey passengers (minus 
their baiffaije) to the steamboat landin:r — Avhen they die. 
'' No extra charge for politeness. The servants are selected 
with great care. Guests will report to the officers any duty 
jiropcrhj performe;!, that the evil may be remedied. • 

Bell Notice. — Give tlie rope a good pull, and then let go. 

Please turn off the gas when retiring. 

English sp.oken here occasionally. 

Gentlemen are rec£ nested not to put their feet on the 
sofas. 

Children not allowed to drum on the pianos. 

Hours foii Meals. — Breakfast — Seven A.M. — if you 
can iret it. 

Dinna Xo particular liour ; sometimes not at all. 

Supper — Early candleli:^ht — Providenc2 jiermitting. 

An extra charge for¥neals served in rooms. 

Bill of Fare. — Coffee, d. la mode moat; bread, cl la 
mode vineiar. Side Dishes — R'jflectlon, <S:e. ; ho?s, d, la 
mode Paris ; dog, (I H mode Hayti ; rat soup, d la mode China. 
Entrees — Tin cups — and supernumerary. HV^k'-s — La !Mote, 
vintage 1861. Sujijid Would you like to have it? 

Addenda : 

Gentlemen finding dog collars in their soup will please 
leave them at tlie office. Horseshoe nails found in the beef 
will also be handed to the clerk. 

Guests will excuse the muddy coffee while the dredging 
mnehine is at work in the moat. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 33 

The Bar 

is under the supervision of a distinguished American citizen 
of African descent. Ice and every other delicacy of the season. 

Bath Rooms 

connected with each chamber. Guests can be let down into 
the moat whenever they desire it. 

Washing 
done in approved style. Price — one half the lot. 

Notices. 

Southern travellers met at the steamboat landing by white- 
porters, and their baggnge secured. 

Passengers arriving Avho have left any baggage or valua- 
bles with Capt. Adams, of the New York Fifth, at Fort 
McFTenry, will please forget their existence. 

Firearms — and guests — are not allowed to go off with- 
out ])ermission. 

Advertisements. 

Gentlemen's furnishing house, near headquarters. Straight 
jackets, stocks, hemp cravats, &c., &c. A large assortment 
of gfuts' jewelry constantly on hand — bracelets, cuff-rings, 
watch-chains with charm attachments, &c. A sort of "ank- 
lets," new and beautiful articles, highly approved by King 
Abe. 

Pleasure Par-tics. — Jack Ketch takes pleasure in notifying 
visitors at this resort that his light draft steamer " Gallows 
Bird " has been newly furnished, and he is now prepared to 
ferry pleasure parties over the river Styx, on short notice and 
at reasonable terms. For tickets, apply at the office. 

The Commandant having given permission, some time ago, 
to ]Mr. Pleasants to remove a tier of bunks wliich were very 
much in the way, we determined this morning to tear them 
down, and give ourselves more room. There were some little 
misgivings among our party, about what might be the conse- 
3 



34 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OK 

quencc, as Mr. Pleasants is now absent, and the matter had 
been delayed so long. We all went to work, however, and 
soon every board was ripped up ; and three double berths were 
snugly piled away, greatly enlarging our space, and affording 
some little opportunity even for walking, without going into the 
passages. After getting the cumbrous staging out of the way, 
we continued the job with brooms and clean water, and gave 
the whole room a good scrubbing, making everything as ricat 
as novices could be expected to do. We have shelves for our 
provisions and table-ware; a line for newly washed clothing; 
nails, for hats, towels, coats, &g.; and No. 6 bears off the palm 
for system and comfort. Some of us now feel, that we could 
stand prison life a good while longer, if it should become no 
worse than we at present experience. 

About seven hundred sick men were shipped for City Point, 
to-day, with a view to their exchange. JSIost of them, I believe, 
were convalescent, but some were scarcely fit to move. Five 
of the tea Southern physicians were allowed to accompany 
them — choice having been made by lot for four, and the Com- 
mandant select'ng the fifth. There are still a great many sick 
on the Island, though it is said to be much healthier now than 
heretofore. Among the physicians who left were three from 
Virginia, one from South Carolina, and one from ISTorth Caro- 
lina — the last being a Dr. McLean, who informed me that he 
belonged to a Presbyterian family. There are, yet, over twenty 
physicians here who belong to the Confederacy, seventeen of 
whom are connected with the army of Gen. John H. jMorgan, 
recently captured. 

We Avere allowed twenty minutes of open air exercise, this 
afternoon. Our walk extended only to the Avharf, where we 
had to stand surrounded by filth, and confined under guard to 
limits too cirenmscribrd for even a short promenade. Several 
hundred Southern boys were lying or standing around ; but we 

were not permitted to have any conversation with them. H 

P , one of my old parishioners, with whose mother I once 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 35 

boarded, was one of the guards. He seemed to avoid being 
seen by me, and sat down out of sight, behind other soldiers. 
Felt sorry for him, and avoided mortifying him by a recogni- 
tion. How true, that in this dreadful war our friends have 
become our enemies 1 

Had the wind and tide been favorable, while we were on 
the Avharf, it would have been perfectly easy for the numerous 
Confederates who were near at hand, to have seized the guards, 
and with the aid of the political prisoners, to have made their 
escape in a large schooner lying at the wharf. Fifty or a hun- 
dred persons, who felt so disposed, could have got off Avith the 
heavy wind tlien blowing, had it been in the right direction. 
One of our number seemed to take special pleasure in contem- 
plating the matter, so feasible as it regarded strength and 
opportunity, but wholly impracticable on account of the oppo- 
sition of wind and tide. 

Several of the prisoners having procured a Philadelphia 
newspaper, shortly before prayer time, they preferred to stay in 
their room, and read its pages rather than attend the evening 
service. The attendance, however, was good ; and besides the 
usual reading, singing, and prayer, I delivered a short address 
from the passage, " Tie that being often rejjroved," &c. 

Friday, alst, — This last day of the month was commemo- 
rated by an interview with the Rev. Dr. Brainerd, of Phila- 
delphia, — a brother minister, v.ith whom I have had some 
pleasant relations in the past. He came to my room door, in 
comjmny with Dr. Woolsey, one of the Island physicians, who 
had before notified me of the probability of a visit from my 
old friend. But as I did not see him, on yesterday, I had given 
him up ; and was quite surprised as he stood at the entrance. 

Anticipating a pleasant conversation, about old times, I gave 
the Doctor a cordial invitation to come in ; hoping to enlighten 
him concerning the manner and cause of my imprisonment. 
But I was sadly mistaken. He saluted me with _ hesitation, 



36 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

and refused to enter the room, or to be seated in the hall. Be- 
fore I was aware of it, I found myself across the joassage-way, 
in a vacant apartment, standing with my visitor in the middle 
of the floor; Dr. Woolsey also being near at hand, and as by 
some preconcerted scheme, the only witness of the scene that 
followed. 

At the first sight of my old acquaintance, I extended my 
hand, and expressed pleasure in seeing him. He returned this 
cordiality, in a manner exceedingly cold and distant; and in a 
tone of solemn reproof, he remarked : 

" I am sorry to see you in this place, under such cir- 
cumstances." 

"I am here," said I, " for conscience' sake — just as old 
John Bunyan was once a prisoner in Bedford jail." 

This remark produced a sort of momentary frenzy ; and as 
he crossed the passage he trembled from head to foot. 

" You are here," said he, " for treason ! You are a crim- 
inal, and a bad man ! " And assuming the air of some di- 
vinely appointed legate, he proceeded to condemn, and chide 
me, as one who must give account of his mission. 

In my astonishment, I listened, for a few moments, to a 
shower of words and doctrines, such as are reiterated every 
day in the Republican papers at the North. He was un- 
willing to hear any explanation, or statement, on the other side ; 
and continued, in the manner of some lordly superior, who 
would instruct, and bring to repentance. 

There being no opportunity for a fair and deliberate argu- 
ment, nor any right disposition for it, on either side, I proposed 
that we should drop the subject, and have a more quiet and 
social time. But no : he had come to the Fort for a purpose, 
and Avas not to be foiled. I was equally determined not to be 
trifled with ; and that I would by no means assent to the atti- 
tude of a culprit accepting a prison lecture. 

" Dr. Brainerd," I inquired, " what do you mean by this 
manner ? Do you suppose I am a prisoner at this place from 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 37 

some foolish freak ; that I am ignorant of the questions at 
issue ; or that I prefer to suffer from some prejudice or bra- 
vado ? You seem to think, that all the wisdom is at the 
North, and that Southern people are all * know-nothings,' in- 
deed." 

This response served only to excite him the more ; and he 
ran on in a wild and ranting way — condemning the reading of 
the South as one-sided and full of prejudice, and urging that 
all the troubles of the country had been brought on by South- 
ern preachers. He could pity, and make allowance for the 
poor simple-hearted men — so many of whom he had seen and 
preached to on the Island — but " could make no allowance for 
one who, like myself, was born and had lived North." He 
justified Mr. Gaylord in betraying the details of a private 
conversation, and thought I was righteously imprisoned for 
treason and disloyal sentiments. The man seemed actually 
beside himself; talked hurriedly, with nervous tremor ; and 
appealed to my conscience in the manner of Nathan of old, 
and as with authority to say, " Thou art the man ! " 

T could only reply in broken sentences, but managed to 
assure him of his mistake in relation to my nativify ; and pre- 
sently to arouse some little impression as to my possible hon- 
esty of purpose. When he found that I was born south of 
Mason and Dixon's line, and that my ancestors for seven gen- 
erations back had lived on Southern soil, and had been con- 
nected with Southern institutions, he was evidently taken 
aback ; and I availed myself of a momentary pause, to assure 
him, that Northern newspapers were everywhere current at the 
South, and that Republican opinions, as expressed in the 
Herald, Tribune, and other leading journals in that section, 
were common in every village and hamlet of the Confederacy. 
On the other hand, I inquired : " Who reads a Southern news- 
paper at the North? Did you, Sir, ever see a Richmond, 
Charleston, or New Orleans paper anywhere in Yankeedom, 
out of a reading-room or some editorial sanctum ? " 



38 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

I insisted, tliat " political sermons were the rare exceptions 
in Southern pul[)it.s; that for myself, I had never in my life 
disgraced the pulpit with such a production ; and that I had 
really never heard one south of the Federal Capital. How 
different," I continued, "Avith )ou ministers at the North, who 
are constantly harping upon abolition, and the higher law ! 
And what is even more preposterous, many of you preachers 
seem to act as though they had the ijyse dixit of the Ahiiighty 
written upon the very pages of Divine Trutli, saying, ' I, the 
Lord God Almighty, have ordained the Government of the 
United States, as the only true and righteous government on 
earth ; and whoso rebels against it, is not only a traitor to that 
government, but opposes my righteous will, and is subject, as 
an inevitable consequence, to my wrath and curse.' " 

" That is just what I do believe," replied the Doctor. 

" Then, my brother," I rejoined, " you are a fanatic, and 
greatly deluded ; you have so long looked at this subject from 
one point of view, that you can see but the one side. You 
have called me a bad man: I will not retaliate. I hope yoio 
are a better one — and 1 have no doubt you have an idea of per- 
sonal infallibility in regard to all the questions now at issue; 
but I assure you, your mind seems to me to be sadly perverted, 
and your whole conduct wild and extreme." 

He expressed astonishment at my presumption, and cau- 
tioned me in regard to my language, lest I should involve 
myself the more. I told him that I had not forgotten I Avas 
a prisoner, but that to speak at all, I must speak the truth, and 
as I felt ; and asked him if he thought it magnanimous to come 
te> me with taunts, when no opportunity fur reply Avas afforded ? 

He now admitted that I might be conscientious, and ex- 
pressed some commiseration for my unfortunate condition. 

" Why^ my dear Sir," I replied, " I do not need your sym- 
patliy. Xever in my life have I been more cheerful, than 
since my imprisonment at this place. I am a sufferer by the 
will of God, and submit to His purpose. No longer ao-o than 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 39 

yesterday I wrote to m_v wife, who was talking of a trip to 
Washington, and urged her to make no efforts in that direction, 
if her plans involved the slightest compromise of either her 
own, or my self-respect, but trustfully to leave all to Him who 
will bring relief in His own good time." 

In the course of the conversation, he charged upon the South 
the responsibility of all the bloodshed in this "unholy war," 
and urged, that the firing upon and seizure of United States 
forts wt.5 a criminal and terrible offence. I reasoned the mat- 
ter briefly, and illustrated the conduct of the South, by that of 
the man who sees the hand of the assassin raised to strike him, 
and satisfied of the murderous intent, himself strikes the first 
blow to save his own life. ThL?, I suggested, was the state of 
things when the Southern Commissioners were sent to Wash- 
ington, to negotiate for an amicable settlement of the difficulty. 
They were put off, from time to time, with the promise of a 
hearing ; every effort being made in the meantime, on the part 
of the Liucolu Administration, to secure an advantage by send- 
ing arms, ammunition, and reinforcements for the capture of 
Sumpter, and for the overthrow of the Confederacy. 

We were, for more than an hour, engaged in this sharp and 
unprofitable conversation, — he constantly exhorting with hack- 
neyed Northern teachings, and I as earnestly protesting against 
his di^aCTeeable hauteur and crimination, and anon makino: 
some thrust which seemed necessary to self-defence. 

Before we separated, I handed him a copy of my sermon 
preached at Portsmouth, in 1861, on Our National Sins,^ and 
asked him at some leisure time to read it, as a £iir expose 
of my views on that subject, and the only semblance of a polit- 
ical discourse that I had ever delivered. He promised to do 
so, and agreed to send me a sermon of his own in return. 

It ought to be mentioned, that at one time during this con- 
versation, the Doctor became so much excited, that he shook 

iDeUvered in the First Presbyterian Chnreh. on the dav of fasting and 
prayer, January 4iii, 1S61, api>ointed. by President Buchanan. 



40 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

convulsively from head to foot. Hoping to calm him a little, 
I moved toward him, lifting my hand, intending to touch him 
sootiiingly ou the shoulder, and inquired as I approached : 

*•' Why, Dr. Brainerd, what is the matter? Why do you 
tremble so ? " 

" Don't touch me ! Don't touch me ! " he hurriedly replied ; 
and drawing back, as one who had the ap[)earance of madness, 
he secured himself at a safe distance from my hand. What 
his idea was, 1 don't know. Possibly, he imagined some per- 
sonal injury at liand ; or perhaps it was simply "the stand 
off, I am holier than thou" feeling, which forbade the unclean 
touch of a Southern Rebel. 

Our interview closed with a mutual agreement to pray for 
each other, — he remarking that our prayers would most likely 
be in opposite directions ; and I briefly referring to the 
manner in which we of the South endeavor to commune with 
a Sovereign God, in regard to national as well as private ills. 
I was glad when the convei\sation ended, for it was certainly a 
most unsatisfactory jjarlanco, and to myself disagreeable and 
mortifying in the extreme; and yet, I trust, we parted, in the 
end, as brethren who anticipate the day when all Avho love and 
fear God shall see eye to eye.^ 

AVe had an opportunity of walking out, this afternoon, and 
were allowed a Avidcr range and more time. Several of the 
men went in swimming. I preferred to enjoy the fresh air, 
by lying on the grass beneath the shade of a willow. 

Received a short note from my wife, and find that she has 
not yet had a line from me,thougli I have written four letters — 
two of them being of considerable length. I f^^el very thank- 
fi\\ to learn, that the children are all in good health. 

1 The death of Dr. Brainerd occurred iu lS(i6. His biographer — Dr. Hum- 
phrey —stales lliat "lie had the pilt of mastery over his motlicr tongue, and 
used it as not aljiuing it. He had an uncommon fluency of speech, and his 
command of languaj^c was well nigh perfect. * * * When the news of the 
Burrender of Gen. Lee filled the community wilh joy, his voice it was wliich 
led the thanksgivins cf t!-e multitude, asbv t^pontancons impulse they gath- 
ered under the shadow of Independence Hall." He is reported to havemarcli- 
od the streets of Pniladelphin, some timo during the M-nr, with a drummer-boy 
at his side, calling recruits lor the United States Army. His life is said to 
have been shortened by "incessant patriotic labors," and he is regarded by 
nis friends, as having died a martyr to the cause of Freedom. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 41 

The newspapers kept some of the inmates of No. 2 from 
prayers to-night, but we had a pleasant time. The remarks 
were listened to with great attention. All appeared to be 
much interested, in an account of my interview with Dr. Brain- 
erd ; and during a conversation about it in No. 2, the subject 
of the oath came up, and my views being solicited, I gave 
them in detail, evidently to the comfort of some of my audi- 
tors, and perhaps to the enlightenment and strengthening of 
others. I thank God for tliis opportunity. Sur.dy He is 
leading me by a way I know not. Blessed be His Name ! 



III. 

August. 



Saturday, 1st. — Mason was quite sick last night ; and the 
impression prevailed that he had the cholera. Baxley came 
running into our room, inquiring for mustard and laudanum ; 
and, for a few moments, considerable excitement prevailed 
through the rooms. Dr. Woolsey was sent for, — but before his 
arrival the patient was much better, and this morning he is 
going about, nearly as well as ever. It was pronounced to be 
a case of cholera morbus, from eating tainted meat. The 
alarm was occasioned by a report of yesterday, that several 
prisoners had died at the barracks of genuine cholera ; in this 
report, however, there was no truth. 

Yesterday morning, Gen. Schoepf issued an order, requiring 
each of the political prisoners to prepare a short paper, em- 
bracing a statement of his case, with the charges against him 
.and the d:ite of arrest, to be handed to a Government Com- 
missioner who was to visit the Island to-day, with a view to 
arrangements for trial or release. We had quite a stir in get- 
ting the documents ready; and it was amusing to notice how 



42 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

very innocent every man judged himself to be. I made my 
own paper as laconic as possible; and wrote two or three 
others, for fellow-prisoners, in the same brief style. 

Gordon, Brogden, and Sterret left us, this afternoon, for 
Fort McHenry, under a guard of sixteen men. They go to 
be tried by court-martial — all, I believe, as spies. They were 
at Fort McHenry once before, and suffered much from close 
confinement, miserable quarters, and hard treatment. I really 
felt sorry for them, as they severally grasped my hand, to say 
good-bye. Each of them manifested de^>p emotion, but very 
differently expressed. Gordon seemed to be filled with sup- 
pressed feeling ; Brogden looked apprehensive, and carried a 
flushed cheek ; and Sterret wore a sort of anxious, despairing 
expression, indicating unhappincss. They all behaved man- 
fully, however ; and as they passed in s'ght of our grated 
window, they walked defiantly toward the wharf, waving their 
hands to us. We remembered our departed comrades, at eve- 
ning Avorship, and prayed to God for their temporal and eter- 
nal well-being. 

Our company, again, had an oj)portunity, this afternoon, of 
walking out, but I had such a headache, that I deemed it best 
not to leave my room ; and availed myself of the absence of 
my room-mates to take a good bath, by which I was much 
refreshed. 

A box, and basket, which I understand have been sent to 
this place, have failed to reach me. The box was from New 
Castle, and I have heard no more about it. The basket was 
seen on the boat, by Dr. Fromberger ; but I presume, it has 
been appropriated by some unprincipled rogue. 

Two young men who used to sit under ray ministry at 
Middletown, have been on guard at the head of the stairway 
to-day. They both seemed pleased to see me, and indicated, 
as I thought, that their feelings were not very earnest in their 
soldier life. 

Felt too unwell to say much, at evening worship. 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 43 

Sunday, 2d. — Going into the liall for a wash, early this 

morning, found a son of old Mr. R, , formerly one of the 

trustees of the Forest Church, at ]Middletown, on guard. I 
did not recognize him, at first; but he immediately spoke to 
me, and we had a conversation of some ten or fifteen minutes' 
duration. Expressed surprise, at seeing the son of such a man 
as his fatlier taking sides with the Yankees, and told him that 
the old gentleman, if now living, would sympathize with the 
South. He thought not, and spoke of "the Union" as para- 
mount to every o:her consideration. He was very cordial, 
and pleasant; and invited me to call on his mother as soon as 
I shall be released. 

At ten o'clock, we had preaching in the hall — a majority of 
the prisoners being in attendance. Gave them a sermon on 
the Judgment, from Zeph. i, 14. Everybody seemed interested, 
and several shed tears. After sermon, I called on Capt. 
Rawley to pray, — which he did with great feeling, in true 
Methodist style ; and the congregation was dismissed, with evi- 
dent solemnity on every mind. 

In the afternoon, I was invited into No. 5, to join in read- 
ing, with several persons who had assembled for the purpose. 
The company consisted of Messrs. Bright, Rawley, Wright, 
Jones, A. J. Wightman, Pi^rter, Capt. Jackson, and some 
others. We read several chapters — each one taking a verse in 
rotation — stopping, only, for an occasional word of explanation, 
from myself. Whilst reading the eleventh chapter of Luke, 
we entered into a general conversation, which ended in a sort 
of experience meeting. One of our number confessed tliat he 
had been a member of the church, but had grossly backslid- 
den. His case was fully stated ; and Messrs. Bright, and Raw- 
ley joined with me in labor with him, until long after the others 
had left the room. After jprayer, by myself, the company dis- 
persed. 

At night, I preached again, from 1 Cor. ix, 24 — Bright and 
Rawley leading in prayer. The usual good attention ; but I 



44 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

was sorry to find a disposition on the part of some, to hear the 
sermon only from their bunks, with the doors open. 

Our religious services have made a great reform, in the 
manners, and behavior of the prisoners. We have no card- i 
playing, on the Sabbath, and at other times it is confined to 
the rooms ; the romping, and boisterous behavior has entirely 
ceased ; two or three young men, hitherto the pests of the 
prison, have quieted down ; all appear dcliglited to have me 
here, and I am personally treated with the utmost respect, and 
attention. 

Several Federal soldiers were in attendance, at our services, 

to-day ; and among them Capt. , the officer of the day, 

who was with us, until called off by duty. 

Monday, Sd. — This day has been intensely hot — not a 
breath of air ; the river as smooth as glass, and not a leaf 
stirring. Throngs have been moving about, as usual, on the 
Island, carrying plank, rolling barrels, or engaged in other 
occupations; but their languid step, and, now and then, a hand- 
kerchief thrown over the head, or a fan in the hand, have be- 
trayed their sufferings. In our apartment, the passages, and 
windows have been the most popular places of resort. Many 
of the prisoners have spent the whole day, in their drawers ; 
and one man preferred to denude himself of everything but 
his pants. INIuch of this sort of weather would completely 
use us up. I have suffered, considerably, not only from heat, 
but from my usual Monday headache. 

Gen. Sehenck, who has been expected for several days, 
came to the Island, to-day, on a small boat, from Delaware 
City. Immediately after his arrival, ten guns were fired as a 
salute, jarring the buildings considerably, but without dam- 
aging the windows, as has sometimes been the case on similar 
occasions. The object of the General's visit, is not positively 
known. It, certainly, was not long enough for a reconnoissance 
of the Island, or to do much business : as he returned in a few 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 45 

hours. The Commissioner to examine into the cases of polit- 
ical prisoners has been anxiously expected, but has not yet 
arrived. 

In the course of the afternoon, Tingstrum was sent for, by 
the Commandant of the Fort; and after a short interview, un- 
conditionally released. This result is remarkable, as the 
charges against the fellow are of the gravest nature — " Guid- 
ing the Rebel armies, and acting as a spy." He has two 
brothers, however, in the Federal service, and that may ac- 
count for his release. 

The guards, who accompanied the sick Confederates to 
City Point, have returned ; and report that the five surgeons 
who accom2)anitd them, with the expectation of exchange, in- 
stead of being allowed to go to Ricliniond, were detained at 
Fort Norfolk, where they must be subject even to a harder 
life than here. Another instance, this, of Federal deceit and 
ill usage. 

Conversations daily occurring among the prisoners, bring 
to light many illustrations of the ferocity, and brutal spirit of 
our enemies. Their wickedness in Webster county, Virginia, 
surpasses everything that I have ever before heard of among 
civilized men. An instance is related by Alkire, of a Baptist 
preacher, who was shot twice, in a neighbor's yard, and left for 
dead. After the savages had jDassed on, he got up with some 
difficulty, and made his way across a creek, hoping to be safe 
from further disturbance. The rascals saw him, and followed 
him to his own house, where they were determined to finish 
him. One man went in, and finding him badly wounded, and 
his wife entreating for his life, came out without doing farther 
mischief. Another, with a fiendishness of the very pit, up- 
braided his comra-de for cowardice, and immediately rushed 
into the room where the poor preacher was lying, and in the 
very presence of his wife, blew his brains out. The name of 
this minister, who is said to have been a peaceable and harm- 
less man, was Tompkins. O Lord ! wherefore do the wicked 
live ! 



46 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 






Received a message, to-day, from a young man named Mor- 
land, who is a prisoner ia the barracks. He is from Ports- 
mouth, and says he worked on my manse at the time of its ' 
building. Expecting shortly to be exchanged, he offers to 
carry any inessages I may desire to send my children, at the 
South. I saw the young man when out on our walk several 
days ago, as he sat near the ice-house bowing aud smiling ; bat 
did not recognize him, and thought he might be greeting me 
under a mistake. 

Full attendance, as usual, at prayers ; but being unwell, 
dismissed the company without an exhortation. 

Tuesday, 4^t]i. — The heat, and mosquitoes were equally in- 
tolerable last night. It was impossible to sleep ; and I endeav- 
ored to while away the tedious hours, by walking the passages, 
and trying to catch a little air, in a sitting posture, on the 
ledge of my grated window. Hartshorn, and camphor were 
freely applied to my feet, in the hope of relieving them of the 
burning sensation. After a while, being brought to some de- 
gree of composure, I resumed my hard bed, and towards morn- 
ing had the good fortune to fall asleep. 

A number of prisoners from the barracks came into the 
Fort-yard, this morning, to get water, and to remove some bed- 
ding. Several of them crowding into a recess, out of sight of 
the sentinels, we soon found that the poor fellows were suffer- 
ing for food, and two or three of our party threw them some- 
thing to eat. The supply of bread, in all the rooms, seemed 
tolerably full, and we succeeded in getting a dozen or more 
loaves, which were thrown out to the sufferers in halves and 
quarters. It distressed me, to see the eagerness with which 
they threw up their hands, to catch at every piece. Some 
who got more than their share, crammed the scraj^s hastily 
into their dirty pockets, or hid them in their shirt bosoms. 
After we had no more to give them, some still waited, anx- 
iously, for a morsel. What a shame to humanity, that these 



DTJEE3S BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 47 

poor men shou.J bo subjected to such systematic cruelty, as 
is said to be practised here ! The political prisoners, so far, 
have " bread enough and to sjjarc," and would gladly divide 
their surplus with the prisoners of war, but it is contrary to 
orders ; the object being, I suppose, to starve the Confederates 
into taking the oath. I endeavored to encourage them, and 
every time I threw a piece of bread, exclaimed, " Stand fast, 
boys I Don't take the oath 1 " Some of them answered em- 
phatically, " jS"o ! No ! " 

The convicts — or Company Q, as they are called — had a 
general cleaning up, this morning. The bedding has been 
strewed all over the yard, throughout the day, and the quar- 
ters have undergone a good whitewashing. The destruction 
of vermin has, doubtless, been on the largest scale. 

Got hold of a New York Herald^ aud had quite a com- 
pany in the room to hear its contents. No news ; but all 
were eager to catch the smallest item. 

In cleaning out a box, received about a week ago, found 
a letter concealed under a piece of brown paper. It proved 
to be from JNIrs. M. W. Rankin, of New Castle, Avho had 
forwarded the box, and requested an acknowledgment. I had, 
before, suspected the benevolent donor ; and was pleased to find 
that nly old friend had remembered me in prison. 

A basket containing various luxuries — which should have 
been received several days ago — came to hand this evening, 

A Commissioner, from Camp Chase, has been examining 
the cases of a number of prisoners brought from that place, 
to Fort Delaware. Most of them have suffered long, and 
hard confinement ; and it is not to be wondered at that many 
have consented to take the oath, in order to escape their tor- 
ments. 

The interest in religious services is unabated. 

Wednesday, 5th. — Slept unusually well, and thus made 
amends for the wakefulness of the previous night. 



48 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Had a long talk with Messrs. Bright, and Rawley, on sub- 
jects of jsractlcal religion. Find that Mr. B. differs with rae, 
in his views on the nature of good works, and the spiritu- 
ality of the law. Both Bright, and Rawley are zealous Chris- 
tians, and join heartily Avith me in efforts for the spiritual 
well-being of those around us. 

A remarkable, and unusual stillness has pervaded the house, 
all day. Several young men are, evidently, aroused to thought- 
fulness on religious subjects. The Bible is frequently seen in 
the hands of those who have heretofore been careless; and some 
of the wildest fellows have sought conversation with myself, 
and the other brethren who are known to be professors of 
religion. Two men, who are the most unpopular of our com- 
pany, and who have been distinguished for their profanity, and 
other vices, have both of them expressed strong feeling, and 
there is reason to believe that the Sj^irlt of God is at work in 
their hearts. 

Took our usual walk, under guard, this afternoon. Spent 
most of the time in reclining inider a willow on the bank. 
Met with ]\Ir. Way, one of the Chaplains at the Fort, Avho 
informed me that he heard me preach on Sabbath niglit ; he 
and others having made their v/ay into the lower passage for 
that purpose. 

Wrote to my wife, and to Mrs. Rankin, of New Castle — 
thanking the latter, for her box of good things. 

In the course of the aftei"noon, two lots of prisoners were 
brouglit to the Fort, from a boat which had just arrived. Ten 
or twelve of them were Confederate officers. One of them — • 
Lieut. Harwood, of Charles City county, Virginia — was intro- 
duced to our apartment. The others were Yankee convicts, 
who were assigned to quarters in the yard, with Company Q. 

Young T , of Odessa, Ivas been on guard, again, to-day, 

having exchanged posts with a Dutchman who had heard that 
we liad several Rebel officers in our (company, and was afraid 
to come among them. T tells me that post No. 1 1 (our 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 49 

apartment) is exceedingly popular among those w-ho have 
tried it, and that a sort of secrecy is observed, with a view to 
a monopoly of the place. I find, that all the Delaware boys 
seem to enjoy it exceedingly. 

Extended my remarks considerably to-night, and found the 
attention unabated. 

Thursday, &h. — This was the day set apart, by President 
Lincoln, as a day of thanksgiving for Federal victories. I 
have hoard, however, of no services on the Island ; and have 
observed no special demonstrations save the drilling of the 
troops. 

Mr. Bright was called down, ihis morning, for an interview 
with the General, and some prominent Delaware politicians,, 
who came to test his views and feelings, after an imprisonment 
of just one month. They found him willing to take the oath 
of allegiance to the United States Government; and left the 
Island promising to make arrangements for his release. His 
sympathies are decidedly with the South ; but he is fetill hoping 
for reconstruction, and deems it not improper to acknowledge 
allegiance, so long as his own little State shall continue a party 
to the compact in the F^ cleral Union. He has been as gay 
and as happy as a lark since the prospect of his release. 

Mr. Ilawley,also, had an interview with the General, which 
does not seem to promise much as yet. He has been confined 
in this, and other prisons, ever since last March ; and has not 
yet been informed of the charges against him. 

B , who has been complaining for several days, was 

this morning taken to the hospital. He is a wilful, trouble- 
some boy, but good-natured and rather smart. I feel sorry 
for him, as his health and morals are both sufferinfr, in this 



^OJ 



place. 



Three companies of the Fifth Delaware Regiment left, to- 
day — their time having expired. They have had a short ser- 
vice, but enough to teach them that war is not the pretty 
4 



50 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

amusement that some of tliem may liave thought. One of 
the "convicts" shouUlered a knapsack, and deliberately 
marched off Avith them, -without being discovered until too 
late to catch him. 

Dr. A. L. C , of Georgia, left us to-day, after taking 

the oath. This man has been with us but a short time ; and 
having announced himself "an uncondiuonal Union man," 
has received very little attention from any of our number. 
His manner has been very peculiar, and unaccountable. On 
the day of his impri-^onment. Gen. Schocpf took eleven hun- 
dred and twenty dollars from his person — onehalf of which, it 
is reported, has since been stolen ; but before his release the 
whole amount was refunded to him, and his receipt taken. He 
S2ys his family are in Newton county, Georgia, and that he 
intends to try and get them to New York, to which place he 
is going. 

Dr. Fromberger informs me, that he has not been permit- 
ted to come into my apartment, for several days, having been 
suspected, by the authorities, of entertaining Southern sympa- 
thies. I regret this exceedingly, as ho sees my wife nearly 
every day, and could give me frequent information from her. 

I find that many of the prisoners are ready to take the oath. 
The Delaware, and Maryland men are almost unanimously of 
the opinion, that it is not only legitimate, but wise and politic to 
do so. They seem to forget, entirely, that such a course must, 
only, be disastrous to the cause they profess to love. Very 
little can be expected from such men, in the future, — their 
hands are tied, and just in proportion to their character and 
influence do they contribute to sap the very foundations of 
the Confederacy. Besides all this : is there not a sinful impro- 
priety in seemingly identifying themselves with "the loyal," 
when the ultimate object is withdrawment, and a separate in- 
terest? If Delaware, and Maryland — or any other Border 
States — are to be constituent parts of the Southern Republic, 
it is the duty of every man. who has a jot of principle on 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 51 

this subject, to develop his position, and standing shoulder to 
shoulder witli his friends, to present a bold and decided front. 

Have been suffering, all day, with pains in my head and 
shoulders, and did not get out to walk at the call of our frisky 
little factotum. 

At evening worship, made an earnest and solemn appeal, 
suggested by the difficulties in the way of the sinner's escape 
from death, and ruin. Mr. Rawley prayed ; and the company 
broke up with evident feeling. Oh ! for a revival, within these 
prison walls ! 

Friday, 7th. — Had a dreadful night, from mosquitoes. 
Could not sleep, until after midnight; and was obliged to get 
up several times, either to walk the passage, or to sit with my 
feet drawn up on the ledge of the window. Whilst occupy- 
ing this latter 2:)osition, and looking out over the water toward 
Delaware City, I thought of the years gone by; of my old 
parishioners at Drawyer's and Port Penn; how some, who 
were once devoted friends, have now become mj enemies ; and 
how many of the very men, for whom I had labored and prayed, 
in times past, were, perhaps, rejoicing in my imprisonment. I 
thought, also, of my dear wife, and children ; and wondered how 
they would feel, and what they would do, could they see me 
as I sat upon the stone sill, peeping out upon the still night, 
with my head upon the huge brass bars. Strange circum- 
stances these, for a minister of the Gospel, in the nineteenth 
century, under the "Stars and Stripes," and in this "land of 
the free ! " "What a blessed thing it is that God reigns, and • 
that He makes the wrath of man to praise him ! My hope is 
in Him, and I have no fear of the result. It may not be in 
accordance with what I would will, in all respects ; but it will 
be right, and I shall be satisfied. I am not troubled by my 
.imprisonment. I am really happy, and thank God I can for- 
give those who have placed me here ; for I believe them to be 
deluded — they know not what they do. 



52 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Four companies of the Sixth Delaware Regiment came to 
the Island, last night. They arc, mostly, from the lower part 
of the State, and have been in service but a short time. 
Many of them are much disaffected, at the manner in which 
they have been forced into active duty. One of the first who 
occupied our post, this morning, stated his feelings very freely ; 
and said he would gladly relinquish all the money due him, 
since ho had been under arms, to get back, at once, to his home. 
I have no doubt, he speaks the real sentiments of scores in his 
regiment. 

The river, to-day, has been as smooth as glass, and the heat 
excessive. The effluvium froai the moat is beginning; to 
be very offensive, and tlie water is becoming of a sickly 
green color. We have now no water in the cistern on the 
top of the Fort, and what is brought to us in buckets, from 
the tanks in the yard, is warm and flat to the taste. Several 
persons are complaining, in our apartment; but on the whole, 
I think we are getting along pretty well, and it is to be hoped, 
we will not have a sickly month. 

Spoke at prayers for half an hour, encouraged by the usual 
close attention. 

Saturday, 8th. — We have been guarded, to-day, by Dutch- 
men ; and find a great difference between their bearing toward 
us, and that of the Delaware companies. la walking out, one; 
fellow seemed to have a special eye to myself — keeping close by 
me, and watching to see whether I would speak to the South- 
ern prisoners Avho swarmed about us at the river, and on our 
way to, and from the quarters. One of them addressed me, 
slyly, by name ; but I have no idea who he was — perhaps some 
poor fellow from Portsmouth. At the wharf, I tried to get an 
opportunity to speak to some who were working among the 
shingles; but the burly Dutchman Avatched me so closely, that 
I could only find a chance to say, " Stand firm, boys, and don't 
take the oath" — words which appeared to cheer them, and 
wliich were received with a smile. 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 53 

I was amused at our Dutch sentry's anxiety about Nelson, 
tvho, being a good swimmer, dashed out into the river, a hun- 
dred yards or more, and was pushing for a small vessel lying 
out in the stream, as thougli trying to make his escape. I was 
really afraid a shot would be sent after him, but turning, pre- 
sently, toward the wharf, the anxiety of the guard was relieved. 

It is ascertained, that in consequence of the removal of 
the Delaware companies, there were not men enough night 
before last to put a guard on the river bank. Had this 
fact been known, I have no doubt a number of prisoners 
would have tried for the shore, at intervals during the night. 

Snyder proposed a case of conscience, this afternoon, about 
which there has been some dispute in No. 1, and upon which 
the party desired to have my opinion : '^ Would it be right," 
he inquired, " for a man to volunteer the destruction of his 
own life, if thereby he could save the South ?" 

He also said it had been suggested, that I would readily 
assent to be shot or hung, if the salvation of the Confederacy 
depended upon it. 

My answer to the inquiry was : — So far as I can un- 
derstand the law of God, no man has a right to take away his 
own life, nor voluntarily to yield it to others who are without 
authority to take it; and inasmuch as no special revela- 
tion is likely to be made from Heaven, on the subject, it would 
be murder to volunteer under any such circumstances. This, 
however, should not prevent one from doing all he can to 
save his country, even at the risk of his life. As for myself, 
though I think I would freely give my life for the Confed- 
eracy — did i know that such were the will of God — yet as I 
cannot have any such unusual revelation, upon no considera- 
tion would I volunteer the wilful sacrifice of a life which every 
principle of religion requires that I should protect. All this 
may neeJ further explanation. 



54 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Sunday, 9th. — A beautiful Sabbath day dawned upon us ia 
our prison home ; and wc have been enabled to worship God, 
with as much solemnity as if we were among our friends, and 
in the house of God. At ten o'clock, Tibbets had the seats 
nicely arranged in the hall, and tlie whole company assembled 
for preaching. The text for the morning was Ecclesiastes ix. 
18, " One sinner destroy eth much good." I preached for about 
three-quarters of an hour, to as attentive an audience as gener- 
ally assembles under more favorable auspices. The singing 
was not as good as it might have been, but it was quite jsass- 
able under the management of Tibbets, Porter, Bright, and 
Welsh. The closing prayer was offered by Mr. Bright. 

Our evening service \vas quite as well attended, and great 
solemnity was manifested whilst I endeavored to expound 
Prov. iii. 17, ''Her ways are ways of jjleasantness." The 
singing was improved, and quite impressive, in consequence of 
the voluntary striking up of two very good old-fashioned 
tunes. The feeling was strong, and it would have been easy 
to get up an excitement ; but I preferred to dismiss the con- 
gregation, after a prayer by Mr. Rawley. 

I am satisfied, that the Spirit of God is at work among us. 
Thoughtfulness is depicted on many countenances; frequent 
questions are proposed on subjects of practical religion ; the 
Bible and other religious books are often seen in the hands of 
non-professors, and all the meetings are regularly attended by 
certain young men, who would not be so constant without 
special feeling. 

Messrs. Bright, and Rawley are the only professors of reli- 
gion in the apartment ; but there are several jjcrsous who were 
members of the Methodist, and Baptist churches, before the war 
— two of whom are evidently stirred up, and I trust are renew- 
ing their vows. If I had two or three more warm-hearted 
Christians around me, and just one good singer, it would help 
the cause wonderfully; but there are enough of us to do a 
great work. I was considerably drawn out in prayer to God, 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 55 

in our services to-night, tliat He would come with special 
blessings, causing the whole Island to feel the influence of the 
good work. He can do it ; and shall we not expect it ? 

Have been unusually impressed, during my imprisonment, 
with the importance of a spotless example. It is astonishing, 
how closely every action, and word of the professing Christian 
is observed. The least error, or short-coming may have an 
influence for evil. I have no doubt, hundreds stumble into 
perdition, over the sins of God's people. Several things have 
fallen upon my ear, illustrating this principle, and I pray God 
to grant me grace to stand fast. 

After extinguishing the candl;^, and whilst tossing upon 
my heated bunk, had quite a long conversation with my 
bed-L'Uow on tlie nature of conversion and the new birth. He 
can't understand ho^Y it is that a man can suddenly be turned 
from darkness to light, and manifests surprise that some of our 
number, who have been rather notorious, sliould be so quietly 
arrested, and brought to conversion. The conversation I hope 
was profitable, as he assented to most of my theology, before 
the talk closed. 

Lieut. G. B. Philpot, of Frederick county, Maryland, was 
introduced into the prison this afternoon — having been trans- 
ferred from the barracks, where he had been secreting him- 
self as a private, with the name of another person who was 
fortunate enough to escape the hands of the Yankees, after 
being captured at the battle of Gettysburg. He was betrayed 
by a boy of about sixteen years of age, who took the oath, and 
joined the enemy a few days ago. The Lieutenant found 
some old acquaintances in our room, took tea with us, and . 
was invited to join us at breakfast, with a view to an early 
start with Lieut. Harwood, for Johnson's Island, as notified by 
Gen. Schoepf. 

Monday, 10th. — Philpot, and Harwood joined us at break- 
fast — all hands being up at an early hoiir. Th« day passed, 



56 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

• 

however, and both of the gentlemen are still with us. They 
are sensible and genteel young men, and we shall be sorry to 
part with them ; but they will probably be better off at John- 
son's Island, where, we are told, they have fine grounds, good 
food, and j)lenty of ice. 

Our supplies have been coming, in considerable abun- 
dance, for a few days past. Yesterday two baskets were 
brought in, whilst I was preaching; and to-day a large cheese - 
box, filled with vegetables, greeted our willing eyes. Most 
of the things have come, under the direction of my wife; but 
some unknown friends are, also, doing their part. Our table 
is now well supplied, and we have all that is necessary for 
health and comfort — no thanks, however, to the Yankees, 
except that they allow them to be brought to us ; and for this, 
they have compensation in the fact that we don't drink their 
mean coffee and soups, nor eat their dirty, spoiled meats. 

We have got to work in true house-kee])ing style — Tibbets 
doing the cooking, setting the table, and alternating with 
Shreve in washing the dishes. Capt. Jackson, Capt. Ball, 
and Atwood attend to their own ware ; and by a generous 
courtesy on the part of my room-mates, I am excused from all 
service, either in washing or sweeping. Our room is de- 
cidedly the cleanest, most orderly, and comfortable in the 
building. My Avife has sent me a sheet, and jiillow-slip ; Tib- 
bets has torn up several old shirts, and sewed them together, 
as a sheet for his own bed ; Capt. Jackson has a decent 
old comfortable ; and with these improvements, we are making 
quite an impression upon all who visit us. Indeed, our influ- 
ence, I think, has been quite salutary on some who have here- 
tofore been careless, and inattentive to the arrangement and 
cleanliness of their rooms. 

Found Welsh in a terrible humor this afternoon, in conse- 
(juence of a practical joke, which some mischievous fellow had 
inflicted upon him while asleep. The rogue had placed a 
lighted taper between his toes, which, burning down to the 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL ATJTHOEITY. 57 

flesh, blistered his foot severely. It was too much for the 
equanimity even of the most S2:)iritless jade ; but our red-haired 
friend was just the man, of all others, who was not to be 
tricked in that way. He certainly raised a storm ; and could 
there have been any possible intimation in reply to the " Who 
is he ? " — and "Where is he ? " — at that moment, it would have 
been a day of thunder and lightning with the culprit, more 
painfully realized than even the most ardent amateur would 
be willing to endure for the sake of a little fun. Welsh is a 
fellow of ^ood pluck, and has had a rich experience under 
Stonewall Jackson ; and when he threatened vengeance to the 
joker, " if it cost him six months in the cells," he meant every 
word of it — but he will cool down ere he finds the foe. 

The congregation anticipated me in the hall last night, by 
assembling before I had taken my seat, and starting to an old 
tune the words : 

" When I can read my title clear." 

I was gratified, and hurried away from a conversation with 
Porter, who had detained me with certain cases of conscience. 

Tuesday, 11th. — Had a bad night, with the heat, and mos- 
quitoes. We have cut up the net sent by my wife, and arranged 
it in our window ; but, somehow or other, the troublesome in- 
sects still find their way into the bunks — though Shreve has 
done a murderous work among them with the broom. About 
four o'clock this morning, I tried my grated window again ; 
and after a while got somewhat cooled off, and returned to my 
bunk, where I slept soundly until breakfast time. 

Several of our number are complaining of ill health — 
most of them being troubled with diarrhoea, or dysentery. Dr. 
Stocker has been quite unwell, for several days. He is a 
pleasant gentleman, quite popular, and has the sympathy of all. 
I have, myself, had a very uncomfortable time with the prevail- 
ing complaint. 



58 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE, 

Mr. Briglit, who has been on the qui vive for several clays, 
was called, this afternoon, to sie Gen. Schoopf, and very soon 
returned, with a permit to leave the Island. He appeared to 
be jierfectly delighted ; began at once to shave, and pack np ; 
joked pleasantly with those who are still captives; made many 
promises as to what he would do for some who have invoked 
his assistance ; and towards night went around, and finally 
bade good-bye to the whole company. For his own sake, I 
am glad he is gone ; but I shall miss him much, as a cheerful 
companion, and a fellow-Christian who has tried to uphold 
my hands, in the work which God has given me to do, among 
the thirty or forty impenitent persons shut up in prison with 
us. We have differed, slightly, on some theological points, 
and on the subject of the oath, as applied to citizens of Mary- 
land, and Delaware ; but our intercoiu\se has been uninterrupt- 
edly pleasant, and for myself, I sincerely regret his departure. 
He says the General told him, he had known for several days, 
that he was about to leave ; and that he had refrained from 
giving him a parole of the Island, lest others should think 
they ought to have the same privilege ; and that although he 
had been called a great tyrant, he was really trying to do all 
he could for the comfort of the prisoners. Our friend had to 
take the oath before he could leave ; and was advised by the 
General, if he had any " secession principles," to be as quiet 
about them as possible. 

An animated correspondence took 2:>lace between Gen. 
Schcejjf and myself, which produced quite a stir for a few 
hours among the prisoners. I was sitting in No. 2, joking 
wiih Mr. Bright about his expected exodus, when suddenly a 
messenger put an open note into my hand, which all in the 
room supposed was a call to the General's office, with a view 
to my release. I>vas not so sanguine ; and after a close scru- 
tiny of certain hieroglyphics, on the back of what proved to be 
a bill for provisions made out against me, the following w'ords 
were deciphered ; 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 59 

" You cannot receive anything from Delaware City. You 
need not send for it ; it will be given to the hospitals. 

(Signed) " A. Sch(EPF." 

The whole matter was now understood. Permission hav- 
ing been granted by Capt. A hi, I sent a note a few days ago 
to a friend in Delaware City, reque^^ting him to purchase sun- 
dry vegetables and other articles for the benefit of my room- 
mates, who had no acquaintances across the river. Some 
sho])-keeper got hold of the note, opened it, and sent a bill of 
the articles, Avhich, falling into the hands of the General, pro- 
voked the above laconic missive. I saw that the matter had 
been misunderstood, and to set myself right, sat down imme- 
diately and jienned the following reply, which Shreve volun- 
teered to carry to the office, Capt. Ball liaving refused to have 
anything to do with it : 

Fort Delaware, August 11th, 1863. 
Gen. Schcepf — 

Sir : The articles referred to in your note were allowed to 
be brought to the Island, by Capt. Ahl, on the petition of 
Capt. Ball. They were not intended particularly for myself, 
but for the gentlemen in the room with me, who have had a 
long confinement, and are suffering for vegetable diet. 

The person who sends the bill is entirely unknown to me, 
and has opened a note to a relative, which he had no right 
to do. 

The whole thing has been done fairly and above-board, and 
with no intention to violate the rules of the Fort. 
Respectfully, 

Isaac W. K. Handy. 

P. S. — The cheese, squashes, and corn were not ordered, 
and the butter was sent for because it could not be obtained 
at the Fort. 

Shreve had hardly been gone twenty minutes, and had re- 
turned and was giving an account of his brief interview with 



60 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

the General, when a messenger brought my note back with 
the following written on the blank leaf: 

Dr. Handy — 

Sir : I have no objection to your buying vegetables, or 
anything you need, if I am only not troubled with receiving 
them. I have very much work to do without attending to 
such little matters. 

Respectfully, 

A. ScHCEPF, Brig, Gent, 

We were all a little provoked at the General, on the receipt 
of the first note, as his embargo upon the provisions seemed 
very little like " doing all he could for the prisoners," as intima- 
ted to JNIr. Bright. We were disposed, however, to make all 
due allowance for him, when he so quickly changed his tactics, 
and made the amende honorable. The truth is, he was proba- 
bly under the impression that we had been trying to smuggle 
provisions from Delaware City, and felt provoked ; and per- 
haps it was rather mortifying to his Generalship, to have 
chicken-coops, and potato baskets, brought into his office. 
Whatever was the idea, we heartily forgive him, and hope we 
shall not be troubled in the future. 

Had a very free conversation with Mr. R e, on the sub- 
ject of the oath, and find him willing to take it at any moment, 
to secure a release. He says it has no binding force, and that 
it would be patriotic to submit to it, in order to get out and do 
some service for the country. The old gentleman is very re- 
spectful : but our views on morals and religion arc wholly at 
variance. Though he attends our services, and is generally 
very companionable, he is evidently a skeptic, with Univer- 
salist tendencies. 

I was too unwell, this evening, to do anything more than 
make the usual prayer in the hall, after a " voluntary " sung 
by the company. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 61 

Wednesday, 12th. — Have been very unwell all clay, and 
have been obliged to keep my bed until towards evening, when 
I felt better, and got up and wrote two letters to my children. 

A fierce dispute took place, this morning, between Capt. B. 
and S. They are both very ckver fellows « — each in his way — 
but seem never to agree, and sometimes come very near to 
blows. They were on the eve of this result this morning, but 
they cooled off after a while, and though they have stood aloof 
from each other, we have had no more contention. 

The Yankees are trying to raise a cavalry company from 
among the convicts. They offer a bonus of $200, and promise 
to make up all their back pay, and give them $13 a month. 
This may, or may not be true ; but so the matter seems to be 
understood on the Island, and forti/ deserters have given in 
their names to-day. Many others will doubtless join them, 
as liberty under any circumstances is sweet. Others of the 
poor wretches have been put in irons, and are dragging ball 
and chain, for the first time, much to their annoyance. Most 
of tliese men have fallen out, entirely, with their own Govern- 
ment, and could they have an opportunity would gladly join 
the Confederate Army. They are generally desperate fellows, 
and such as would do little credit to any Government. 

A Dutch company, numbering about eighty men, left the 
Island this afternoon for some Southern destination, to us un- 
known. The company is known as "M,'^ and is commanded 
by Capt. Eeigert. 

Some dissatisfiiction beinar discovered in regard to the 
arrangements for cleaning and scouring our apartment, it was 
determined to have a new election. All hands assembled in 
the hall, except a few who were too unwell to come out,and Capt. 
Jackson was re-elected sujierintendent. It was agreed that the 
rooms should be swept or scoured before seven o'clock, and 
that the passages and water-closet should not, hereafter, be 
scoured until after breakfast. It was also resolved that every 
man, except myself, should take his turn in these employments. 



62 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

By unanimous consent I was kindly excused. I expressed my 
willingness to take my part, but it was thought my services 
as Chaplain ought by all means to exempt me. 

Dr. Stocker, Lieut. Harwood, and others are still quite un- 
well. Harwood was ordered to the hosj)ital, and after wan- 
dering all about the Island, under guard, in search of the 
place, he had to return, quite overcome with fatigue, to spend 
a bad night lying on the passage floor. Baxlcy, who is still 
at the hospital, is said to be " possumln^." He pretended to 
be delirious, and raved considerably; but some cold water, sud- 
denly ajiplicd, brought him immediately to his senses. 

I regret exceedingly, to find that two or three of our num- 
ber are evading worship. They say, that they can hear all that 
is going on, and prefer not to leave their rooms, as they are 
genei-aliy in deshahuk. It is pleasing, however, to notice a 
large majority of tlie prisoners always in attendance. 

Heard from my wife, to-day, through a friend, who informs 
me, that she had received several letters from persons to whom 
she has written for assistance in obtaining permission to visit 
the Island. I fear she is worrying herself, too much, and will 
presently be sick. She had better let this matter alone for 
awhile, and hope for better things by-and-byc. I commend 
her, with all my dear children, to Him who permits us to cast 
all our care upon him. 

A friend, who happens to be an employe uj^on the Island, 
put into my hands a pocket pincushion, sent by my wife, con- 
taining some North Carolina, and Virginia funds— a balance 
due from my congregation at Portsmouth — which I may find 
of great use, should I be so fortunate as, soon, to be sent South.^ 

]\Iason, of Accomac county, Virginia, left us to-day — his 
father having obtained an order for his release. For some 
reason, (perhaps he Avas not allowed to do so) the old gentle- 

1 The cushion contained about $200 in North Carolina and Virginia funds, 
which after my release, were exchanged into gold liy Dr. E. Nye Hutchin- 
son, of Charlotte, N. C, and then into Confederate money— which could be 
used more practicaUy— amounting to more than $5,000. 







TTMRLE OUT— TIMHLE OCT 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 63 

man did not come to the Fort, but waited at Delaware City 
for his son. Mason has had an experience of six months and 
eight days, in various prisons, upon the charge of smuggling 
goods to the South. He was arrested near his own house, and 
in his own carriage. So far as I have noticed his movements, 
he is a quiet, unassuming man, and popular among the prison- 
ers. He promises to go and see my wife, and to let her know 
how I am getting along. 

Thursday, 13th. — Cunningham appeared in the rooms, at 
an early hour, this morning, making certain mysterious mem- 
oranda, which we eventually oncluded meant nothing more 
than a new enrolment of our names. This became more 
evident when, in the course of the evening, this blustering 
little fellow called the roll in an irregular, and promiscuous 
manner, indicating that he had by some mishap lost that im- 
portant document, and had not as yet had time to make out 
another. We do not know, sometimes, whether to be amused, 
or provoked, with this self-important "acting sergeant.'' 
Though cringina: before the General — when he srets amonsr the 
prisoners, his airs and manners constantly remind one of the 
fable of the frog and the bull ; or, pei^haps, the idea is better 
represented by the monkey with two tails. He certainly 
"magnifies his office" to the fullest extent ; and his order to 
"roll out, roll out, all ym that want to take a walk, and 
be in a hurry about it, too," is quite as much as some of our 
high-minded Southerners can endure. The fellow seems to 
think he is popular, and tries his hand at jokes and smart 
sayings; but many a secret dart is hurled at him, and woe 
to the upstart, if any of "our boys" should meet him in 
Dixie. 

Mrs. Belt and Mrs. Ball — wives of two of our fellow- 
prisoners — came to the Island to-day, and gave an unexpected 
joy to their husbands. They secured the privilege through 
a pass from Secretary Stanton, obtained, I believe, by Mr. 



64 UNITED STATES BOIS^DS ; OR 

Bradley, of ^Vashington. The General was, himself, very 
courteous on the occasion ; allowed their husbands to be with 
them all day; invited Dr. Arnott in to see them; and even 
indulged in sundry bon mots, on the occasion. The ladies 
are stopping at Xew Castle, and will probably go back and 
forth for a few days to come. 

It is said, that nine Confederate prisoners made their es- 
cape from the barracks, last night. The opportunity for escape 
seems to be very favorable, just now — the nights being dark, 
and the new DelaM'are guards being specially " verdant." 

Dr. Wolsey came in, this afterr.oou, and formally introduced 
a Dr. Harri-, of Philadelphia ; his object being unkno-wn. 
Perhaps, it was simply to give him a sight of the " political 
rebs." 

A good meeting to-night, with an exhortation, singing, 
and prayer. 

Friday, 14^A. — Have had another bad night, with my com- 
plaint ; was up several times, and at about four o'clock took 
a seat at the head of the stairs, and got into conversation 
with the sentinels. The first — whose watch was j ust expiring—- 
was a simple, good-natured sort of fellow, from the neigh- 
borhood of Greensboro', in the lower part of Delaware. He 
seemed t ) know very little about the nature of the struggle 
in which wo are engaged. In all probability, he was one 
of those who joined the Home Guard hoping to be allowed 
to stay among his own friends, and in his own neighborhood. 
He spoke of many about Whaleysville, and Berlin, who were 
my old acquaintances, and gave me the status of several, con- 
cerning whom I had received no previous mention. 

After this young man left the post, another, from near 
Georgetown, took his place. This youth was quite as raw as 
the other, and not so pleasant in manners. He was dis- 
posed to talk, however, and showed some little conceit about 
h:s political views ; but he appeared to listen to what I had 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 65 

to say with considerable interest, and I succeeded, presently, in 
touching a ciiord to which he joined in sympathy, and I 
made the most of it. After this, he heard me with earnest 
attention, and the poor fellow appeared to be very thoughtful, 
as I pressed several important considerations. A pause oc- 
curring, he asked me if I would show him the way to the 
water-closet. He then deliberately laid down his musket, and 
walked with me through the passage to the rear of the 
building. I was astonished at his simplicity, and unrailitary 
bearing, and could not help thinking, how easily I (ould have 
turned the weapon against him, or by fastening the door I 
might have escaped, passing myself off as a sentinel, or, in 
some other way, using the musket to my advantage. I had 
no disposition, however, to impose upon him, or in any man- 
ner to treat hirn unkindly. It was enough to. express my 
astonishment, as I did to both of these Delawareans, at see- 
ing them in an attitude of military opposition to their breth- 
ren of the South, who are of the same origin, habit^, and: 
interests with themselves, and taking sides with foreigners,„ 
and abolitionists, in a war of fanaticism. 

It ajipears, that numbers of our Southern boys escape every 
night. Twenty-seven are reported to have gotten away last 
night, and the thing has been going on for several days, if not 
longer. They get off on rafts, or by swimming the river. I 
heartily wish they could all succeed, — for they certainly have 
a hard time of it in their dirty condition, on half allow- 
ance, with no money, and working daili/ for the advantage of 
their enemies, in a saving of hundreds (If not thousands) of 
dollars. 

I have been sick, the whole day, and have kept my bunk 
very closely.. Have not had much pain,, but feel very weak. 
Missed my good wife, very much, and wished she could be 
with me a little while, to give me some nice toast, and milk, 
and to afford me such attentions as she knows so well how 
to do, Avhen I am unwell at home. Received a letter from 
5 



66 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

her, which cheered my heart, and brouglit tears of deep emo- 
tion at the expression of lier faitli, and desire for ray use- 
fuhiess whilst shut up in the prison. Thank God f)r such 
a wife ! — hoping that we may be allowed to see each other at 
no distant day. 

Was obliged to omit our evening worship, which I re- 
gretted exceedingly — this being the first time since I came into 
the prison. Was glad to find some of the j)risoners assem- 
bling in No. 4, where they spent half an hour in singing. 

Saturday, 15ih. — A sick day ! On tlie bed most of the 
time ; very weak, and my voice considerably affected, but did 
not have much pain. Tried to conduct the evening services ; 
but found much difficulty, and came near fainting after the 
prayer. More uncomfortable on account of the warm weather, 
and befoi'e retiring found my undershirt thoroughly wet from 
perspiration. Went to bed dreading the heat and mosquitoes. 

Two of our poor Southern boys were picked up to-day 
about eight miles from the Fort, having been drowned in at- 
tempting to cro-s the river. Several others iiave been caught 
in the attempt to escape, and punished by confinement in the 
cells. 

The Tennesscans (a hundred or more in number), were 
drawn up to-day, by order of Gen. Schcepf, with a view to 
testing them in regard to the oath. The brave fellows unani- 
mously refused to take it; but expressed a willingness to be 
put upon a i>arole not to take up arms again, until regularly 
exchanged. AVhat arrangement was ultimately effected I do 
not know. The Tennesseans were probably selected for this 
experiment, in consequence of the Yankee notion tiiat that 
State is on the stoojl of repentance, and is about-to return to 
the Union. A vain delusion, as I verily believe ! 

After all, it is astonishing how few of the prisoners have 
taken the oath, when it is remembered that the original num- 
ber in confinement was nearly 10,000. Only a small proper- 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 67 

tion of these Iiave renounced their allegiance to the Confed- 
eracy; and they, it now .appears, are generally worthless charac- 
ters, who have never had the confi;leiice or respect of their 
comrades in arms. Tlicy have been put under Dutch officers, 
and seem to have a hard time. 

Sabbath, IQth. — Passed another dreadful night with the 
heat and mosquitoes. Got up before day, and spent an hour 
or two in conversation with the Delaware sentinels — most of 
whom, I think, would gladly renounce their military life. One 
of thein expressed himself decidedly opposed not only to the 
war, but to tlie false attitude which he occupies in regard to the 
questions at issue between the two sections of the country. 

Felt very unwell ; but thought it my duty to try and preach 
in the hall at t'-ii o'clock, which I did from Rom. vi. 23, 
"I he wages of sin is death." Labored somewhat, and felt 
considerably fatigued, but the congregation seemed interested. 

Last night made some remarks appropriate to the close of 
the week; and expressed a hope that all would be disposed to 
remember, and sacredly keep the approaching Sabbath. Was 
gratified to find a disposition to comply wiJi my suggestion, in 
the general quiet of nearly all our company, their abstinence 
from profanity, and in their reading the Scriptures and full 
attendance upon the preaching. In No. 5, several young men 
assembled for reading, and twice in the course of the day they 
went over several chapters, reading regularly in rotation, each 
taking a verse. 

My subject to-night was based upon llev. xxi. 7, ''lie 
that overcomdh shall inherit all things." God gave me spe-^ 
cial assistance, in the effort to present a Scriptural view of the 
glories and beatitudes of Heaven. I think a deep impression 
was made, and I look earnestly for the fruits. 

Capt. J. W. Long, of Arkansas, was brought into our 
apartment this evening from the barracks, where he had been 
quartered among the " rebel " prisoners. He was originally 



68 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

from Mississipjji, but raised a company from Arkansas, and 
^vas caplured at Vicksburg. He was pas-^ing himself off as 
a private, with the hope of being sooner exchanged. Having 
been long a j)risoner, he meditated an escape, and had given 
*'a galvanized reb " two hundred dollars, and his watch, worth 
as much more, to aid him in getting off. The plan, as he sup- 
posed, M'as matured ; and he was invited by the fellow to walk 
down the bank with him, to see how nicely things were ar- 
ranged for his escape that night. The rascal had set a trap 
for his arrest. Several Federal officers were in waiting at an 
appointed place, where he was instantly seized and brought to 
our apartment, to be sent, with others, to Johnson's Island. 

Quite a change took place in the weather aAer dusk this 
evening, and at bed-time we had a heavy rain-storm, accom- 
panied by high wind. It did not last long, but our rooms 
got a good ventilation, and we all felt much refreshed. 

Monday^ 17ih. — Slept well last night, and f^^^lfc greatly im- 
proved to-day, from the change in the weather, and the cessa- 
tion of my complaint. 

Several new men came in to-day — one cf them, a political 
prisoner, named Cooper, who was arrested at Smyrna, in this 
Stato ; and two others, Charles Dawson and Capt. Topp, from 
the barracks, where they had been hiding themselves as pri- 
vates, hoping to be exchanged. Daw.-:on, who is from Loudon 
county, Yirginia, was betrayed by a letter addressed to him by 
a friend as Lieutenant Dawson ; the other was informed on by 
a "galvanized" man, who had probably been bribed to hunt 
up secreted officers. Cooper came into my room, inquiring 
very familiarly for " Dr. Handy." At first, I supposed, from 
his attire and certain remarks, that he was a young minister; 
but was soon undeceived, and discovered him to be a student 
of law, lately settled in Kent county, Maryland, but originally 
from Kentucky. He had mistaken me, it would seem, for my 
kinsman, the Kev. \Ym. C. Handy, son-in-law of the Kev. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 69 

Dr. Breckinridge, with whom he liad met at Danville. He 
speaks of long confinement, and hard usage. 

Our walk, this afternoon, was the most comfortable we have 
yet had, being allowed to walk back and forth a distance of 
about one hundred yards; and the weather bsing pleasant, 
we enjoyed it considerably. Noticed, that the rushes had been 
cut down for a distance of several rods along the river bank, 
to prevent prisoners from hiding themselves with a view to 
escape. 

Have had no supplies from my wife, or others, for more 
than a week. 

No falling off at Avorship. 

Tuesday, 18th. — The old men of our company are, gener- 
ally, the first to arise in the morning, and much to the annoy- 
ance of the younger and more indolent members of the im- 
prisoned corps. Capt. Jackson, and Mr. Rouse give more 
trouble than any others, on this score — the firot in the dis- 
charge of his duty as General Superintendent ; and the other, 
weary of the night, to have a long t:dk with the sentinels, 
about farming or something else, in tones so loud as to waken 
everybody in all the seven rooms. These old gentlemen have 
been sharply reproved by their juniors, for these interruptions 
of their morning slumbers ; but they mean well, and I have 
no sympathy with those who make no allowance for age and 
circumstances. 

The detected officers — Philpot, Harwood, Long, Dawson, 
and Topp — all left this morning, under guard, for Johnson's 
Island. Our short acquaintance was very pleasant, and we 
regretted to part with them, although hoping they may be 
more comfortably situated at their new jirison. Had they not 
started so soon, one of their number would, probably, have 
availed himself of the first dark night, for another route of 
travel. 

The galvanized men have been getting their uniforms 



70 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

to-day, and I presume they will soon be mounted as cavalry- 
men, to oppose the cause they 0'::ce professed to love, and to 
make battle against their own AlsIi and blood at the South. 
Weak and silly men, how much are they to be pitied ! All 
feel, however, that they are a " good riddance," as they have been 
known almost to a man to be not only of no use, but positive 
nuisances in the Confederate army, ^yhen I first noticed 
these men I felt sony for tliem as ignorant and deluded ones, 
driven by a terrible pressure into the ranks of the enemy ; but 
now it appears that want of principle and self-interest has had 
much to do with the change; and that althou;jh thry have had 
to pass through terrible straits, they are more cop.cerned for 
present comforts, than for the future good of their native 
South. 

I find that fifty men escaped from the barracks on last 
Sabbath night, and that forty-four made their exodus on 
Monday night. Of all this number only four were caught 
and returned to the Fort, and these were taken up by a 
schooner, having drifted far dowu the bay. One poor fellow 
was promised his liberty on c')ndition that he would help in 
loading the vessel; but the treacherous captain, on his arrival 
at the Smyrna wharf, hastened to tlie authorities and had him 
arrested. Nothing daunted, he told them he should try it 
again on the first opportuniiy. The ninety men who got 
clear saved themselves by swiraniiug on boards to the Del- 
aware shore. The opportunity was afforded, by neglect to 
place a guard at one of the privies near the water. 

Gen. Sehcepf, and Cjpt. Ahl went through the barracks, 
to-d:xy, in search ofdisguis.'d officers; and although they were 
diligent and jiarticular, failed to recognize a single man bear- 
ing a commission. Of those who g )t off recently, one was a 
Major, four were Captains, and several were Lieutenants. 

Dr. Stocker being seized with violent cramps this after- 
noon, was carried to the hospital. 

The butter-tub from my wife came to liand, after several 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 71 

days of delay, not more than one half filled, and without a 
covering. I have no doubt it has been robbed, but was glad 
to get a jowl, a few potatoes, and a bottle of vinegar. Was 
gratified to hear, through a letter from my wife, that all are 
well. 

Clothing and money are now forbidden to be sent to the 
prisoners. Why this embargo I know not — unless to make 
our situation as uncomfortable as possible, and to degrade us, 
in the eyes of visitors aiid spectators, as a ragged and filthy 
set. Notwithstanding the order, Wright has been allowed 
to receive a box from Mrs. Spottswood, of New Castle, 
which did not come too soon — for he was beginning: to exhibit 
an appearance more fit for the dunghill, than even for the 
cells of a prison. It was amusing, at roll-call, to hear the 
name of our fellow-prisoner sounded as 3Iister Wright instead 
of the mere surname, as in the case of all the rest of us. So 
much for a clean shirt and new clothes. 

Everybody seemed to be in attendance at worship to-night. 
Made some remarks on the subject of the temptation in the 
wilderness ; and endeavored to make a practical application 
while holding up the example of Jesus. 

My daughter Virginia's birthday. 



Wednesday, Idth. — The weather has been much cooler, 
making it decidedly more pleasant ; but the change has been 
so sudden, that some of us have taken cold. Though my own 
health is better, I still feel indisposed, and find it difiicult to 
read or study, and have kept my bed nearly all day. 

My mind hai been so much occupied with the strange 
scenes around me, and the troubles of the South, that I have 
thought but little of my dear family while in prison, except 
in a general way. I have prayed earnestly for all, and my 
wife and older children have been specially remembered ; but 



72 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

all my reflections have b.en of a desultory character. Little 

D has engaged more of ray thoughts than any of the 

others, in consequence, perhaps, of being in constant observa- 
tion of the fell disease wliicli took hitn from our embrace. 
Strange to say, I had actually lost sight of my darling little 
Charley, until this morning, when he suddenly came into my 
mind while trying to recall which of the little ones had been 
left in Sussex. How strange are tliese experiences, and how 
little characteristic of ourselves under more favorable cii'cum- 
stances ! My wife and children are all dear to me, and I am 
unconscious of any partiality in my affections, orunsuitab'le- 
ness of devotion in any case. 

Messrs. Rouse, S 1, and H s were released to- 
day, after taking the " oath of allegiance," and left on the dif- 
lerent boats — House f jr Wilmington, expecting to' spend the 
night with ]\Ir. Bright, and the other two for Delaware City, 
where they will take the canal route for Baltimore to-night. 
It is astonishing what an effect the departure of these meu 
has had on the minds of those who were imprisoned with 
them abaut five months ago. Nearly all of them (and there are 
a number yet remaining) appear to be ready to "follow suit" 
and take the oath, as soon as they conclude there is no other 
way to get out of prison. Mr. Rouse has generally advocated 
the measure as patriotic, inasmuch as nothing could be done 
for the South while in confinement ; and that the oath being 
forced, and in his opinion not binding, it is better to take it 
and go home to help the cause. In the cases of the other 
two, nothing else could have been expected — the one being a 
deserter from the Confederate array, and the other having run 
away to avoid conscription. I have no doubt, liowever, that 
they both desire the success of the South, but they ])refer to 
keep out of danger, and have no idea of the solemnity of an 
oath. 

Took occasion to say something at worship, about the 
manner and means of deciding questions of duty — hoping 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 73 

to inspire our company with proper priuciplei in regard to the 
oath. 

Thursday, 20th. — It has been just one month to-day since 
my arrest in Sussex, byCapt. Ellison. The time has passed 
with a-tonishing rapidity, and I can hardly realize that I have 
been thirty-one days in duress. I have gotten along much 
better than I had anticipated, and have mueli lor which to be 
thankful. Tiirough the attention of my wif, and kindness of 
friends, I have hud plenty to eat of such things as have been 
wholesome. My bed, though hard, has given me some nights 
of sleep ; I have been treated with the utmost respect and 
kindness, by my fellow prisoners; the officers of tiie Fort 
h:ive offered ms little annoyance or molestation ; I have been 
perfectly free to conduct religious services, every day ; and God 
seems to have blessed ray labors. Confinement, noise and 
sickness, with the wickedness of many around me, have been 
very trying ; but I have suffered nothing, in comparison with 
some here who were imprisoned at Fort McHenry, Harper's 
Ferry, and at other places where they were treated with the ut- 
most brutality and cruelty. 

The "galvanized rebs" have been going to and fro all day, 
dressed up in their new cavalry uniforms. It has been dis- 
gusting to notice their silly admiration of themselves, and the 
pains Avhich they have taken to secure the observation of their 
old comrades. It is true, that they look like another set of 
beings, but they are objects of universal contempt. Even the 
Federal officers have been heard to express their want of con- 
fidence in these miserable men ; aiid they have the execration 
of all the South. One of their number has been ascertained to 
be a Yankee deserter, and some of the officers swear they will 
have him hung. 

The time of the 6th Delaware Regiment has expired, and 
they are exceedingly anxious to get off; but they are still re- 
tained, waiting for a regiment from Washington, which is to 



74- UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

take their place. They have been threatening to throw down 
their arms, but have been scared from this purpose by an 
order for their imprisonment should they persist. I have had 
conversations with many of these poor fellows, and find them 
generally to be simple minded, honest men, who have been 
duped, and deceived by jjrominent leaders at home ; and that 
they aid greatly mortified at finding themselves associated with 
Yankees, Dutchmen, and abolitionists, in opposition to their 
natural brethren of the same latitude. 

Made a few remarks at worship, on the duties of fasting, 
humiliation, and prayer, intended to prepare the minds of such 
as might be disposed to keep to-morrow, as a day set apart by 
Presid -nt Davis for that purpose ; but avoided making any 
reference to the matter, by which public attention would be 
called to the subject. After worship, expressed a willingness 
to have private prayer in any of the rooms to-morrow, where 
the inmates would like to make a recognition of the day. 

Received a valuable box from New Castle, containing 
clothing and eatables, chiefly intended for certain pri:?oners at 
the barracks. I presume I am again indebted to my old friend, 
Mrs. M. W. Rankin, for articles suited to my condition. 

Lieut. , of North Carolina, another detected officer, 

was brought in to-day, having been betrayed by one of the 
galvanized corps. 

Friday, 2\st. — This was the day set apart by President 
Davis for fasting, humiliation, and prayer; and I have no 
doubt, that it has been devoutly observed by thousands of God's 
people at tlie South. We could not observe it in a public 
manner, in prison ; but it has been remembered, and respected 
by all our company. At nine o'clock in the morning, I was 
invited into No. 2, to offer prayer, which I did, after reading 
aloud the President's proclamation, and making a few suitable 
remarks. AH the inmates of the room were present; and 
though on'y one of them (Capt. Rawley) is a professor of re- 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. /5 

liglon, they entered heartily into the services, and responded 
audibly to the petitions which were offered in belialf of the 
South, her leaders, and her armies — all endeavoring, as T be- 
lieve, to humble themselves before God, on account of numer- 
ous and aggravated sins. 

About t. n o'clock, I was requested to go into No. 5, to 
conduct a similar service. Here, not one man is a professing 
Christian, though one or two have formerly been members of 
the Church. The proclamation was read, and aft t a few re- 
marks, an earnest prayer went up to the throne of the Heavenly 
Grace — all devoutly kneeling, and manifesting a real interest 
in the exercises. 

After dinner, the occupants of the other rooms desiring 
some service to be held for their accommodation, I proposed 
that, instead of going through the several rooms, all who de- 
sired to join with me in another prayer should assemble forth- 
with in No. 6. Tibbetts having arranged the seats, the room 
was quickly filled, and without shutting the donr as we had 
done in the two former cases, we united in similar services. I 
believe it was a sincere offering, and trust that God will hear 
our prayer and accept our humble confession. 

At eight o'clock, we had the usual service in the hall, with 
a full assemblage and an apparently devout attention. I think 
this has been the most quiet day we have had since I have 
been in prison. Cards have been omitterl ; there has been little 
or no swearing; and as good behavior has prevailed, as could 
possibly be expected among two score of men, many of whom 
have been hitherto unaccustomed to restraint, and of wild and 
reckless habits. "Will not God smile upon this attempt to 
serve Him ; and will not our Heavenly Father hear the prayers 
of the thousands, with whom we have this day joined in earnest 
appeals to the throne of His Heavenly Grace ! 

Received a letter from my friend and relative, Capt. James 
M. Gilliss, of the U. S. Naval Observatory, announcing the 
death of my brother-in-law. Prof. Joseph S. Hubbard. He 



76 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

(lied on the 16th inst., in New Haven, Conn., of (yjjhoid fever. 
Tliis is a sad event, and aids another to the list of my sorrows. 
He was an accomplished officer, and a good man ; and though 
our views were utterly dissimilar, on the great questions of the 
day, he was no doubt honest in his convictions, and we could 
agree to diifer, without dispute, or interruption of friendly re- 
lations. 

Went to bed with a severe headache, occasioned, I presume, 
by fasting. Was much disturbed by loud conversations in the 
several rooms ; and tossed for a long time upon my hard bed, 
troubled by moquitoes and anxious thoughts. 

This is said to have been the warmest day of the season. 

Saturday, 2'2d. — Several of our company received cheering 
letters, to-day, from fr.ends at home. Wright and Kawley, 
especially, are buoyed up, and are looking for a speedy deliver- 
ance. It is astonishing, and interesting, to notice what little 
things have an effect upon the spirits of the prisoners, and 
how they are elevated or depressed, by a single line or word, 
from an absent friend. I sincerely hope that the expectations 
of some who are now upon tip-toe may be fully realized, as 
they have long and severely suffered. 

Two more men were brought in to-day, from the barracks, 
charged with being rebel officers. The first — J. B. Alexander — 
was reported by some of the galvanized men as a Lieutenant; 
and the second — G. W. Noe — as a Captain. It is quite likely 
that the charge against Alexander is correct, so far as his rank 
is concerned ; but he is probably from some other regiment 
than the one specified by his accusers. Noe, I am satisfied, is 
only a 2)rivate, as he strongly avers. They are destined for 
Johnson's Ishmd. 

Received my basket, after a delay of four or five days. 
The articles not bohig of a perishable nature, will do very 
well though not fresh. 

Prayer and remarks, as usual, in the hall. 



i 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 77 

Sunday, 23(f.— The hottest day we have liad this summer; 
no breeze stirrini^ ; the watrr smooth ; and the prisoners going 
about, with just enough clothing to hide their nakedness, and 
no more. 

Tiie Purnell Lesion came to the Island at about 12 o'clock 
last night, and stacked their arms immediately in front of our 
window. They are a rough looking set, and have the appear- 
ance of men who have seen some service. The Legion was 
raised by my brother-in-law, Plon. W. H. Purnell, of Balti- 
more, as a sort of Home Guard ; and was for some time on 
the Eastern Shore of Va.; afterwards on the Baltimore & Ohio 
R. E.. ; and more recently they have be n stationed at the 
Relay House, about nine miles from Baltimore. A majority 
of the Legion were, at one time, captured at Catlctt's Station, 
in Virginia, and underwent an imprisonment of seven months 
at Richmond. They were, I think, at Gettysburg and An- 
tietam, and seem to have suifered a great depletion of their 
ranks, since they were mustered into service. It is a strange 
coincidence, that I should be under the military surveillance of 
a body of men, organised by my wife's brother — a person f.r 
whom I have always entertained the highest regard, and who 
will acknowledge himself indebted to me for some of the most 
desirable advantages of his early life. How strange the times ! 

God gave me special assistance in the morning, whilst en- 
deavoring to expound and enforce that encouraging Scripture : 
Isaiah iv. 7, Ld (he iciclced forsake his way and the unright- 
eous man his thoughts, and let him return unto the Lord and 
He will have mercy upon him, and unto our God, for He 
xoill abundantly pardon. The truth was received with great 
attention, and I cannot but think some seed has been sown, 
that will ere long spring up and bring forth fruit to the honor 
and glory of God. 

]My subject, at night, was one of great interest and im- 
poi'tance : Gen. v. 3, My Spirit shall not always strive with man. 
The congregation was profoundly attentive, and the sentinel 



78 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

at the head of the stairs expressed himself as much gratified ; 
but the heat was oppressive ; I felt dull, and labored hard. It 
is a comf )rt however t) remember, that often when I have 
had the least personal satisfaction in preaching, the sermon 
has been attended with unusual blessing. 

Our company were allowed to walk out this afternoon, as 
Usual ; but I did not go out with them, lest my example 
should encourage those M'ho have no regard for the Sabbath. 
Some two or tiiree of the young men generally go in swim- 
ming, and usually make no exception on the Lord's day. I 
am glad to hear, that they abstained to-day. 

There has not been so much Sabbath breaking to-day. 
Sometimes, all kinds of work seem to be going on. I have 
seen the men in crowds, carrying boards, rolling barrels, haul- 
ing dirt, fishing, swimming, &c., just as on other days. With 
the military, Sunday is the great day for cleaning up, parade, 
and general display. This evening, we have had more drum- 
ming and fifing, than usual ; and long after we had retired, 
wo were annoyed by the noise of the band, serenading in the 
Fort yard. Can God pro.-per these Sabbath breakers ? There 
is sin enough of this kind, at the South ; but it seems to be 
greatly aggravated in the armies of the North. 

Monday, litK. — We have had a delightful breeze all day, 
and feel much refreshed by the change in the weather. Found 
it a good time, to scour our room, shahc the blankets, and 
have a general cleaning up. These duties, to-day, devolved 
more particularly upon Shreve, Atwood and myself; and we 
undertook them with great pleasure, for the sake of the exer- 
cise, excusing Tibbetts who is generally active in these mat- 
ters ; but to-day he was not disposed to lend a helping hand, 
as we were out of the usual routine. 

After "setting things to rights" about the room, tried my 
hand at washing an undershirt, and a pair of stockings; and 
succeeded wonderfully, in the absence of hot water, and good 
soap. 



DTTRESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 79 

Several deserters (captured as Confederate soldiers, and 
who have lately taken the oath with the " galvanized " men,) 
were, to-day, sent to Washington under guard. They are 
likely to meet with summary punishment for their vacillation, 
and want of principle. 

Thorn, and Wright were released, this afternoon, by taking 
the "oath of allegiance." They admitted, that the terms were 
hard ; but urged, that after six or seven months of close confine- 
ment, they were wilang to do anything to get back to their 
families. They left the Fort, shabby, and moneyless ; but hoped 
to find friends on the way ; and went the rounds of the prison 
saying *^ good-bye," with joyful hearts. 

Poor Ambrose, who was expecting a box of clothing from 
Wilmington, was much disappointed, this afternoon, on open- 
ing a box, brought up by one of the Yankee convicts, to find 
that it contained nothing but some stale bread, and cast-off 
clothing. He soon recognized it, however, as a trick of some 
of our wild young men ; and bore it with great patience, though 
he had engaged to pay a quarter to the porter. 

Old Capt. Jackson, who has been ill for several days, with 
dysentery, was this morning removed to the hospital, where 
he will be near the physicians, and get better attention than 
he could have here. 

Lieut. B., son of C. B., Esq., of Baltimore, came up into 
the hall, after most of us had retired, and (being under the 
influence of liquor) chatted away, fir an hour or more, to our 
annoyance and loss of sleep. He appeared to be in the best 
possible humor, and offered to do all he could for the comfort 
of our corps. 

Tuesday, 25th. — Spent most of the forenoon on the bed ; 
felt tired and unwell ; was anxious about my family, and 
longed for a release. Was surprised, by a call to visit the 
office of the General. Thought some one had been reporting 
certain free conversations I have recently held with soldiers of 



80 tTNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

the Purnell Legion^ bailing from the Eastern Shore of ^fary- 
land. Found the room full of young officers, curiously list- 
ening and watching. After a pleasant shaking of the hand, 
the General desired to know if I was ready lo "take the oath, 
and be released ?" 

"I can't do that, General," I rej^lied, with mildness, but 
promptly. 

" Then," said he "I can't release you ; and no one can do 
it, except tlie President." 

" Could I not be sent South ? " I inquired ; " or could I not 
be released, under a ])ledge to do nothing detrimental to the 
Government of the United States, while remaining in the 
Federal lines?" 

" Sit down," said he, " and Avrite me a statement of what 
you are willing to do, and hand it to me by 10 o'clock to- 
morrow morning." 

I thankfd him, and promised to comply with the request; 
but before I left the room, the General politely inquired about 
ray health ; and finding that I had suffered a good deal from 
indisposition, he presented me with a parole of the island, and 
suggested that I should make immediate use of it. This was 
quite an unexpected boon, and was of course gratefully ac- 
knowledged. 

After returning to my room, and receiving the very cordial 
gratulations of all the company, took a walk with Capt. Ball. 
Went to sec old Capt. Jackson ; found him very sick, and in a 
peculiarly tender and pleasant frame of mind. Talked, and 
prayed with him — the old gentleman shedding tears as I pro- 
ceeded in the prayer. I fear he is in a very critical condi- 
tion, as to the body ; but I trust he is, spiritually, not far from 
the Kingdom of Heaven. 

Ha<l a pleasant service in the Hall ; and went to bed thank- 
ful to God for all his mercies to a jjoor worm. Before retiring, 
cut a pound cake sent me a Avcek or ten days ago by my wife, 
or some other kind friend; and invited a number of the less 
favored ones, to join me in discussing its merits. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 81 

Wednesday, 2,Qth. — Had another bad night, with mosquitoes 
and bed bugs ; and with burning feet and hands, tossed un- 
easily on my bed, wishing for morning. 

Availed myself of my privilege to perambulate the island. 
Took a general sui'vey, in company with Capt. Ball, of all the 
most interesting localities. Improvements are going on in 
every direction ; and, ere long, the " Pea Patch " must become 
a little Eden ! At present, however, everything is in embryo. 
The General has a sweet cottage, in the northern part of the 
island, with a fine fruit and vegetable garden, and an open 
meadow in front. Two other cottages, built very much in the 
same style, and situated close by, are occupied by subordinate 
officers. Heavy clusters of grapes were hanging on the vines 
at the General's, and several dwarf trees labored under the 
weight of luscious pears. 

Most of the improvements now in progress, are intended 
for the acconmiodation of prisoners ; and they have not been 
commenced before they were needed. 

Visited Hospital No. 3, to see Capt. Jackson. Found the 
old gentleman in a very weak and low state of body, but earn- 
estly enquiring about the interests of his soul. Prayed with him,, 
and was pleased to hear him respond Amen, Avith a full heart, at 
the close of almost every sentence. In the course of a few hours, , 
I was sent for to go and see him again ; and now he seemed 
to be rejoicing in the hope of the glory of God. I asked him,, 
if he thought he could make a full, and unreserved consecra- 
tion of himself to Christ ; and whether, if living, or dying, he 
was willing to trust in Him. He said he was, and agreed,, 
whilst I should engage in prayer, to make the dedication. I 
then prayed with, and for him, endeavoring to use such lan- 
guage as suited the circumstances ; while he made, as I believe, 
a full surrender, and entered into an honest covenant with the 
Lord. His heart was full ; the tears streamed from his eyes ; 
and he appeared to be very happy. 

This is a wonderful conversion, considering the advanced 



82 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

ao-e, and former life of the subject. He admits, that he has 
been a great sinner ; and realizes the mercy of God, in sparing 
his life, and sendin;^ him to prison. Said ho could, heartily, 
forgive all his enemies; that he had lost tlie fear of death, and 
that ho desired to increase in the knowledge of Divine things. 
Thanks be to God, for this conversion of a man more than 
three score and ten ! And, is it possible that I, a poor sinner, 
have been made the humble instrument in this great work ! 
" Not unto me ; but unto Thy Name, oh God, be all the 
glory ! " But, how thankful am I, that my Ileavenly Father 
sent me to this prison, and shut rae up within these walls, to 
hold forth the Word of truth to some wlio in all probability 
would have continued strangers to the glad sour.d. The Cap- 
tain says, that it was a singular providence that I came; and 
thinks others will ere long r>joice with him. Oh ! that this 
good work may go on, until all our company shall feel the 
quickening energies of the Holy Spirit ! 

During my rambles, this morning, fell in with several 
Confederate physicians, — twenty-four of whom are now on the 
island, most of them belonging to the array of Gen. Morgan. 
Had some conversation M'ith them, in regard to the condition 
of the hospitals, and the health of the island. An article has 
■reconily appeared in the Philadelpliia papers, si;:;ncd by four 
of Morgan's physicians, announcing the excellent smitary ar- 
xangcments at this Fort, and netting the average of deaths at 
only three a day. Great credit is given to Gen. Schc^pf, for 
general management, and to the physicians in charge, for skill, 
and attention. Dr. Marshall (Medical Director, and Chief, 
of the Physicians in Morgan's corps) informs me, that this 
newspaper statement is wholly Avithout foundation, in fact; and 
that the men who signed it, did so to secure personal comfort 

to th.emselvcs, whilst in confinement. He says that Dr. G , 

whose name is at the head of the signatures, is not what ho 
represents himself to be; and that neither he, nor his associ- 
ateSj have visited the hospitals; nor are they able to give any 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 83 

statistics cleriverl from personal observation ; but that having 
become l)ets, with the authorities at the Fort, they have a fine 
time at their own table, which is well supplied with \.'getables, 
and other things sent by the Commandant. 

Dr. ]\Iarsha!l S'.ys the true state of the case is, that there Is 
a great deal of sickness, great scarcity of medicines, very little 
attention to the patients, and that the daily number ~S deaths 
far exceeds tha statement in the paper. He says that twenty- 
four men were sent away fir burial, day before yesterday, and 
eighteen on yesterday; and t';at the carpenter informs him, 
that he had made 1,000 coffins during the last two months. 
He also states, that there are five cases of small pox on the 
island ; and that the poor fellows are lying in tents, without 
mattresses, and in a niiserable conditio.n. Dr. Marshall and 
the other Confederate physicians are rendering all the aid they 
can in the way of prescriptions ; but he says, tliat these are un- 
heeded ; and that the sick men, often, lie until the daily return 
of the Doctors, without a single dose of medicine. 

Dr. Marshall's testhuony is corroborated by what I hear 
from other sources. Mr. Belt, — an excellent Christian man 
who belongs to our room, but who has been sick at Ilospital 
No. 3, and is now remaining there, as a nurse, — says that it is al- 
most impossible to get medicines for the sick ; and that they 
have been dropping off, every day, in great numbers. Capt. 
Jackson was lying in our room, for days, without the notice 
of a physician, though repeatedly sent for ; and even after he 
was prescribed for at the hospital, he was obliged to wait a 
whole day, before the medicine was furnished by the steward. 
A poor boy from North Carolina, who was wounded at the 
battle of Gettysburg, was retained at the barracks for two 
weeks, in a condition of great filth, and suffering, before he was 
taken to the hospital ; and before they took him there, he was 
first robbed of his blankets, then of his oil cloth ; and with his 
wounds undressed, and offensive beyond endurance, he was 
left to die. Somehow or other, he at last secured some notice, 



84 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

and was sent to No. 3. I saw the poor suiFerer, myself; and 
such an object, I scarce ever looked ujjon before. Emaciated ; 
his head shaved to free him from vermin ; a dreadful hole en- 
tirely through his right shoulder, and the left fearfully swollen ; 
he was sitting on the side of his iron bedstead, the very picture 
of grateful recovery from desertion, and neglect. Mr. Belt 
has been attending to him ; and he is now doing tolerably well. 
The appearance of the boy presented to my mind an indescrib- 
able burlesque upon humanity. A broad smile rested upon 
his thin face; he complained of no present suffering; and 
seemed really to be hippy in his improved circumstances. His 
mind had taken hold of the subject of religion, and he ex- 
pressed gratitude to God for his spared life. 

Met with Col. AVaring, at the steamboat wharf, in com- 
pany with a cou2:)lc of ladies from Baltimore, who were about 
leaving after visiting certain relatives at the prisoners' barracks. 
The Colonel tells me he has a prospect of release, in conse- 
quence of a heavy pressure by his numerous Union friends at 
Washington. His case is one of the most trvins: of which I 
have heard. Himself sentenced to imprisonment fur the war ; 
his family banished ; and his property, worth some two or 
three hundred thousand dollars, entirely confiscated.^ He is 
a noble, and generous hearted Marylander, about fifty-six 
years of age, and a perfect gentleman in his manners. The 
charges against him are sympathy with the South, harboring 
rebels, and directing contraband mails. He has been allowed 
a parole of the Island ; but is greatly restricted, even in minor 
privileges. He tells me, that he had once tried to get up to 
hear me preach, and had succeeded in entering the hall, but 
was immediately sent for, and ordered away. He showed me 
a letter, recently received, from Miss Julia Jefferson, of New 
Castle, in relation to a box of clothing for distribution among 
the prisoners, which he was not permitted to answer. 

i£>o reported. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 85 

I think, nearly every person in our apartment attended at 
prayers, to-night, influenced, no doubt, by the news of Capt. 
Jackson's conversion. I endeavored to make some im- 
])rovement of the matter ; and believe the whole company re- 
joiced in the result ; whilst there were those present, whom it 
was reasonable to conclude, were hoping for the same blessing, 
upon themselves. 

We had hardly gotten through with our solemn worship — 
and were sitting quietly in our rooms — before the ludicrous cry 
of Fresh Fish ! Fresh Fish ! was heard resounding in the 
halls, and a new comer was ushered into No. 6, with the in- 
quiry by Sergeant Cunningham, of " How much more have 
you in here?" Not liking the looks of the stranger, we 
became very clannish ; and some of our party plead the already 
crowded condition of the room. We invited the man to sit 
down, however ; and, in two minutes, a crowd pressed in, 
eager to see the new comer, and to know the charges against 
him. The man was about fifty years of age, well dressed, and 
carried a cane, and carpet bag. The usual questions were put, 
by the inquisition ; and every effort made, to discover the un- 
known. But, he was wholly non-committal, answering ab- 
ruptly, indirectly, and with witty cuts that raised the laugh 
upon every one who had the temerity to push an enquiry. 
Some became angry, and gave him short thrusts in return ; 
others stood by, waiting to see what he had to say ; while one 
or two continiTed to question, with the determinaticm to bring 
him out. But the fellow was too much of a Yankee ; and 
would neither tell who he was, where he came from, who 
brought him, what was his attitude, or what he expected ; but 
he was loquacious, sarcastic, humorous, and gave us half ar» 
hour of good cheer, and then left us, at the call of Cun- 
ningham, for other quarters, below stairs. We concluded, 
after the departure of this mysterious character, that he was a 
crazy, or intoxicated Yankee, who had gotten himself into 
some difficulty with the Lincoln government, and that he had 
been sent from Washington, for imprisonment at the Fort. 



8G UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

I have, to-day, had the good fortune to get a letter frnm my 
daughter, Virginia, dated at Richmond on the 14th. . It came 
by flag of truce, via Old Point, and brings pleading lutslli- 
gence from my children at the South, from whom I have not 
heard, before, for several months. Sho informs me that the 
prayers of Christians in Richmond are offered in my behalf, at 
the union mcelings. 

Went to bed anxious, and excited, and could not sleep. 

Thursday, 27fh. — Visited Hospital No. 3, and found Capt. 
Jackr-on very weik and low, after a disagreeable night. His 
mind, however, seemed to be stayed oa Christ; and he ex- 
pressed his determination — God helping him — to stand fast, 
until de::th. 

Found a young man at the hospital from Northwestern 
Virginia, whose father is a j^reacher among the "Disci!)les of 
Christ." He has been sick for months, and is still ia a feeble 
and precarious condition; and was suffering for t!:e want of 
eufficient covering, the snpply of which i ~, at this time, v/holly 
inadequate to the demand. This young man is about nineteen 
years old, and was, once, a professor of religion, but since his 
connection with the army, has wandered far from God. He is 
again penitent; says he has made a new covenant with the 
Saviour ; and that his mind is, now, composed and hopeful. 
This case is only one of a thousand, perhaps, where t'lc influ- 
ence of wicked associations estranges ihe heart from God ; but 
alas, how many, unlike this young man, over return to their 
first love. In mercy, God has visited him with sickness ; and 
the sanctified affliction has, indeed, proven a blessing in dis- 
guise. 

Contracted a headache, from walking in the sun ; and was 
obliged to seek my berth. Felt somewhat better, in the after- 
noon, and took a walk up to the old barracks, in the western 
part of the island. Felt some hesitation in passing the guards, 
as the idea prevails, that the political prisoners are not allowed 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 87 

to walk in that direction, nor to have communication with the 
prisoners of war. Was determined to make the trial, and 
passed on, hoping to obtain an interview witli some of our Ports- 
mouth boys, who were reported to be on the island. In cross- 
ing one of the bridges, found a young Englishman belonging 
to the PurnoU Legion. Had about fifteen minutes' conversa- 
tion with him. He said he had bien in this country only six 
months; that he joined the Legion for want of employment; 
that he had found himself oa the wrong side ; that the people 
of England and France both sympathized with the South ; and 
that he intended to cross the lines, just as soon as he could; 
but that he had to be very quiet. I' gave him some words of 
encouragement, and as I bade him good-bye, he expressed the 
hope that we might meet again. 

Passed by several sentinels, through a stable-yard, down 
the whole length of the new barracks, and by a dirty looking 
hospital ; and presently, found myself in the midst of hun- 
dreds of " poor rebs," who were crowded togeihcr, apparently 
in the most disagreeable confusion. The whole area, between 
the river and the old barracks, was filled with squads sitting 
here and there, or standing in close proximity at various 
points. The bank of the canal was literally swarming with 
men engaged in washing ; and everything had the appearance 
of dirt, and disease. Passing on, a young man whom I did 
not at first recognize, but presently found to be Elliot of Ports- 
mouth, spoke to me very pleasantly, and called my name. I 
told him, that I had M^alked over to hunt up our Portsmouth 
boys, and to see who were in the barracks. Leaving me a 
moment, he soon returned with a half-a-dozen young men, who 
severally introduced themselves as Brooks, Moreland, Grant, 
Valentine, &c. — each giving mo a hearty shako of the hand. I 
had before met with Bromley, and Neville, and had hoped to 
find R.obt. Daughtrey and Reynolds, but they did not make 
their appearance. I was glad to see the poor fellows, who 
little resembled themselves, in their dingy clothing ; and after 



88 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

a luisty talk, I was obllgetl to leave them, as a great crowd was 
gathering, and I apprehended the loss of my p-irole. Told 
them, I would be glad to preach to them ; and that I had no 
doubt, liberty would be granted, should they ask for it — 
which they said they intended to do. I have a lot of shirts 
and drawers sent to me by Mrs. Rankin, of New Castle, fur dis- 
tribution among some young men, who can't be found. I shall, 
therefore, give them to these poor fellows, who are much in 
need. 

The new barracks, immediately in front of the Fort, and 
just opposite our window, are now nearly completed. The 
building, which is between 500, and 600 feet long has been 
put uj), entirely, by our Southern soldiers, who have been 
promised 40 cts. a day for their labor — those who have 
^v•orkcd as laborers, and hands. Plundreds have only received 
an extra meal, and, possibly, a plug of tobacco. The work has 
really been a benefit to them, but it has been to me a sore 
thing, during my confinement, to notice how these men have 
labored, and to/hink of the thousands of dollars saved by such 
means to the U. S. Government. Hundreds have refused to 
lay hold— having means enough to buy wh.it little necessaries 
they may require for health, and comfort; but others are 
forced to help their enemies, in order to get enough to eat. 
The regular rations consist of one cracker, and a cup of poor 
coffee, in the morning, and a small piece of meat with a cup of 
soup at dinner. Sick or well, this is the allowance, both in 
quantity and kind ; and the general complaint is, that whilst 
it might be enough for a very delicate man, if properly pre- 
pared — yet it is not enough for a well man, and very many 
eat it only because they are obliged to do so, or starve. A 
young man named Jones, whose father lives in Tennessee, and 
is said to be worth $150,000, was observed at Avork to-day, 
carrying shingles. A son of the celebrated Thos. A. U. Nel- 
son, of the same State, is among the laborers, and like nearly 
all the rest is shabby, dirty and ragged. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 89 

I find that money is plenty among the prisoners ; but as it 
is all Confederate scrip, it is of no value whatever, for present 
use. Many of the men have thousands of dollars upon their 
persons, and are often glad to give from $20 to $30, for a one 
dollar greenback. A fellow prisoner who has $3,000 with 
him, and who I judge to be a man of wealth at home, almost 
begged me, this morning, to let him have two one dollar 
greenbacks, for a couple of $20 Confederate notes. 

The manufacture of rings, and breast-pins, from gutla 
percha buttons, is one of the means resorted to by the prisoners 
to raise money. The number of these trinkets made is no less 
astonishing, than tlie variety of patterns. Some are set in 
gold ; others in pearl ; but the most of them are inlaid with 
silver, ingeniously fastened with rivets, bringing prices rang- 
ing from 10 cts., to $1. I have procured a number of them 
as prison relics, for my children, and friends. 

It seems, that such of the "galvanized men" as had given 
their names for the new cavalry company, are in trouble, on 
account of some misunderstanding as to what State they are to 
be accredited. They were to have been called the " 3d IMary- 
land ; " though, I am told, the name of not one Marylander 
appe;;rs upon the rolls — but the uniforms are furnished by 
that State. Little Delaware insists, that they were raised upon 
her s';il, and, therefore, belong to her. The quarrel has dis- 
robed the fellows of their jackets ; and if the difficulty is not 
adjusted, their jmnts will, in a day or two, be taken from them. 
What child's play, among the military wiseacres ! The gal- 
vanized infantrymen received, this afternoon, an instalment of 
their bounty. 

Received a basket of good things from Mrs. L. G. Vande- 
grift, of New Castle County, Del. 

Services, in the hall ; half an hour spent in writing ; and 
then to bed. 

Friday, 2^th. — It is reported, that two men made their 



90 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

escape from the barracks, last night. They were twice fired 
upoii ; but it is thought, that no effort was made to strike 
them, as the members of the Purnell Legion are, manjof them, 
true Southern men at heart. 

Rumor states, that all of the officers' wives have been or- 
dered away from the island. No I'eason is assigned for this 
measnre. Gen. Sthoej)f, who left the island, day before yester- 
day, on a visit to Wilmington, returned to the Fort, this morn- 
ing. The visits of this dignitary are very closely watched, as 
every absence from the Fort is interpreted to have some con- 
nection with the release of prisoners. 

Spent the forenoon in writing; and did not walk out until 
after dinner, when I made another visit to Hospital No. 3; 
and extended my walk to two others, hoping to find a young 
man by the name of Howard, from Kentucky, whom I had 
been requested to see. Had another interview with Capt. 
Jackson ; f )und him delirious to some extent, but able to speak 
clearly about his hope in Christ. In answer to the question : 
"Do you love the Lord Jisus Christ?" he replied : ''Yes I 
do, with all mj heart." Noticing, that the old gentleman was 
looking upward, very intently, INIr. Belt asked him, what he 
was thinking about. "I am thinking," he said, "about 
Go;l,and ray eternal destiny." 

The Captain is evidently failing fast. God grant, that he 
may have a safe, and happy entrance into the world of light ! 

In moving around among the sick, I found two professors 
of re!igIo;i — one a sailor, of Northern birth, but lately from 
New Orleans; and the other a young Presbyterian, from Middle 
Tennessee. A youih named Stewart, from the neighborhood 
of Norfolk, manifested great concern in regard to the interests 
of his soul. All th 3 others appeared gratified, as well as th.ese, 
to have me talk, and pray with them. 

Received a b )x from Miss Julia Jefferson, containing many 
little comforts for myself, and a small lot of clothing for dis- 
tribution. It was amusing, to see the men trying on the coats, 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 91 

vests, &c., and on going in'o th3 passage to hoar cartaln mis- 
chievous ones crying '' fre^Ii fish ! " as if the newly clad were 
strangGi's who had just been introducd. 

During my walk t'.iis afternoo:i Gen. Schoepf ssnt for me, 
to visit h's room ; but not returning until lata, ho had loft his 
office, and I failed to sec him. I sincerely hope, tins call may 
have something to do with my release. 

Not more than one or two were absent from worship to- 
night. 

Weather cool ; and fine prospect f jr a good sleep. 

Saturday, 2dth. — Got up early this morning, hoping to be 
release:!. Though not perfectly confident, fjlt sufficiently well 
assured to b;usli up, and black my shoes, desiring should I 
leave the prison, to make as good an appearance as possible, 
after forty days of confinement. Presently, a sergeant came to 
the room door, and called fjr Dr. Handy. Stepping into the 
passage, t'ac follow handed me an endorsed envelope, inquiring 
at the same moment : 

" Do you know that handwriting, Sir ? " 

"That ij my handwriting," I replied, immediately. 

A conversation then took placo, in regard to a lel-ter which 
I had sent to my wife, by private hand, to be mailed at New 
Castle, or Delaware City. Assuming an air of wonderful self- 
importance — 

" Don't you know," said he, " that it is against the rules to 
send letters from the Island without inspection?" — demanding, 
also, by whom I had sent it. 

I told him, that I had committed no crime; that I had 
done nothing more than he, or any other person would have 
done, under similar circumstances ; and that the letter was to 
my wife, and had been sent in that way, because it contained 
some things which I did not conceive to be important enough 
to be brought to the eyes of the Commanding General. The 
understrapper, evidently magnified by the big job which had 



92 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR 

fallen inlo his hands, continued in an insulting manner, to 
catechize me about my reason for directing the letter to a third 
person ; shook his head incredulously, when I told him that it 
was di reefed to my wife's brother; and intimated, that I had 
been guilty of criminal correspondence; and, that I would 
have a hard time of it, if I did not give the name of the car- 
rier. I gave him no satisfaction, and ho left me swaggering 
and threatening as he retreated toward the office of the General. 

In the course of fifteen or twenty minutes, the sergeant re- 
turned with a manner somewhat altered, s'^iting that the Gen- 
eral wished to see me. As soon as I entered his office, Schoepf 
asked me by whom I had sent the letter ; and reminded me 
of my parole, intimating that I had been guilty of a breach 
of faith. 

" General," I replied, " it is my wish to act honorably ; and 
I do not know, whether it would bo proj^er to give information 
which may involve others in difficulty. This thing is done, 
as you are aware, every day ; and I have violated no pledge, 
inasmuch as my parole only binds me as it regards escaping 
from the Island. I appeal to you. Sir, what ought I to do ? 
Would it be right, to betray the person who has favored me?" 

He thought it would ; and said, that it would be worse for 
me if I did not. Ascertaining at this stage of the conversation, 
what letter it was, and that no evil could result from an 
acknowledgment, in part, I asked, if I could speak with him, 
privately. Whereupon, the sergeant, and a lieutenant who 
was present, took the hint, and left the room immediately. 

" I sent the letter, by some ladies Avho were on the Island, 
a few days ago." 

" Who were they ? " 

"They were strangers to me, and I do not even know their 
names." 

" Well now," said the General, " there is nothins: wrons: in 
this letter ; and had you sent it to me, it would have passed. 
Here it is — you can send it back to me, and I will mail it for 
you." 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 93 

Thus ended the interview; and I r.-^turned to my room, 
safe and sound, with my parole still in my pocket — the loss 
of which was the only evil I feared. The only reproof offered 
was, "Don't do so any more." Altogether it was an exciting, 
and rather unpleasant affair; but I felt no compunction what- 
ever, for sending the letter, as I had done several others, in a 
private way — being under no pledge, or obligation not to do 
it, and suffering confinement against my will. Now, however, 
having chosen to say, " I will not send any more letters in this 
way," of course I shall be true to my word. 

After this little excitement, I walked out to the hospitals, 
and visited the sick in several of the rooms, at No. 3 and, also, 
by request of Lieut. Alexander called into No. 1 to see a Mr. 
Taylor of Kentucky, with whom I conversed, and prayed, ap- 
parently much to his comfort. Though not a professor of re- 
ligion, this young man has intimated his wish to become a 
Christian, and spoke of his morality and piety, as a Mason. 
He invited me to come and see him again. 

Found Capt. Jackson sinking fast, and generally delirious, 
except when aroused. The subject of religion was the only 
matter upon which he showed any clearness of apprehension. 
I spoke to him, as to a dying man ; and asked. If he were 
afraid to go ? He said he was not, and that, through Jesus 
Christ, he had hope of Heaven. In reply to the inquiry : 
"What message shall be sent to your friends in Virginia? " 
" Tell them," he replied, with peculiar emphasis, '' to put their 
trust in God their Maker." Before leaving the old man, I 
made a short prayer by his bedside — at the close of which, he 
responded, emphatically. Amen ! 

Found a very sick man from Alabama by the name of 
Brown, in one of the rooms. He seemed glad to have me 
talk and pray with him ; and confessed himself to be a great 
sinner. Indeed, all with whom I conversed, received me, 
gladly, and listened with attention to every word of counsel. 
The change in the weather has given several of them a " back- 



94 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR 

Bet;" and the scarcity of blankets has caused much suffonng. 
This evil, I understand, will shortly be obviated by an issue 
of 10,000, which are to be distributed through the barracks, 
and ho-pitals. 

Iv. Lloyd, one of our men who was removed to t!ic hos- 
pital a d ly or two ago, was robbed last night, of all his 
money, and a lot of gutta percha rings made by himself, to 
take to h's family as prison relics. I feel sorry for him, as 
he is a clever fellow, and has been a good soldier, even to the 
loss of h:s health, and voice. He has not been able, for many 
months, to speak above a whisper. 

A musket, in the hands of the sentinel at the head of the 
stairway, went off by accident, this afternoon, sending a ball 
through the csiling above; but, providentially doing no 
further damage. The noise attracted a crowd, but they soon 
retired. 

During my ramble, to-day, met with young Dashiell, son 
of Geo. II. Dashiell, of Norfolk Co., Ya. He has been sick, 
and being so differently clad from his usual habit, I could only 
decide, that I had seen him before; and did not recall him, 
fully, unlil after we had separated. AYc had some ten or fif- 
teen minutes' conversation, in which I reminded him of the 
goodness of Go J, in sparing him through many dangers, 
and h's obligation to devote his spared life to His service — to 
all of which he assented. 

The usual services in the hall ; and early to bed. 

Sabbath, 30//i. — A Confederate soldier was shot last night, 
by one of the "galvanized" sentinels. He was waiting hia 
turn, at the rear, when the guard fired — the ball penetrating 
his skull, and killing him instantly. Tiie guard justifies him- 
self, on the plea that ho thought the man was trying to make 
his escape. Two of the convicts, who did make ^uch an at- 
tempt, were discovered, and brought back without injury to 
either. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 95 

Early this morning, we received news of the death of old 
Capt. Jackson. After breakfast, I walked down to the hos- 
pital, to see the body ; and to learn what I could about his 
decease. He died in peace, at about 12 o'clock. I hope, and 
believe, he has gone to the " home of the blest." The corpse 
had, already, been removed to the dead-house ; and I did not 
go to see it. Returning to my quarters, I gave notice, imme- 
diately, of a funeral sermon, at 10 o'clock. Every man was in 
attemlance, at the hour appointed ; and I endeavored to im- 
prove the event, in a di-course from Ps. xc. 3 :. "Thou iurnest 
man to dcsiructlon ; and say est, return ye children of men" I 
hope it was not an unprofitable occasion. Perhaps, it was the 
first funeral sermon preached at Fort Delaware for a Confed- 
erate prisoner. 

Just as I was closing the services, a sergeant came running 
hastily up stairs; and after the benediction, informed me, 
through Tibbets, that Gen. Schoepf wished to see me, at his 
office, without delay. 

Now, thought I, surely the hour of my release has come I 
On entering the office, I found both it, and the adjoining room, 
filled with military men, most of them standing, and the whole 
party engaged in animated conversation. 

My entrance was not noticed, at first ; and I made my way 
directly to the Commandant, who seemed to be absorbed with 
his vi-itors. 

"You wished to see me," I remarked — with difficulty 
catching his attention. 

He was just replying, "I did not send for you" — when 
two officers approached, and were announced as Brig. -Gen. 
Tyler, and Col. Don Piatt — the latter holding in his hand a 
paper, which I instantly recognized as the document penned 
by myself several days ago, and sent to Gen. Schoepf, at his 
request. 

" I have been requested by some of your friends," said 
Piatt, "to see you about this paper; " and without further in- 
troduction he continued hastily : 



96 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

"There are three items, here proposed, as conditions for 
your release, based upon the idea of a Southern Republic, 
which is not admitted by my Government." ^ 

" Why, Sir," he added, in a coarse and profane stylo, "you 
are all rebels, and ought to bo hung, every one of you." 

His object Avas, evidently, to brow-beat and frighten me, 
into measures ; or perha})s to magnify himself, as I stood be- 
fore him, a defenceless minister of the gospel — his confederates 
turning, for a moment, to hear his abuse, and acquiesce in his 
bravado. 

" IVIy position. Sir, as a prisoner," I replied briefly, " does 
not allow me, at this time, to debate so grave and important a 
question." 

At this point the conversation turned ; and Gen. Tyler ad- 
vancing, I inquired — 
. " Can I not be sent South ? " 

" That is just what we intend to do with you," said the 
military governor — "we don't intend to keep you here, sup- 
ported at the expense of the Government." 

I was proceeding to ask, whether I should have the 
privilege of seeing my family before the order was executed^ 
when the Colonel demanded : 

"How came your family in Delaware ?" 

I replied that I hid li'ft Portsmouth on a pass, very kindly, 
and unconditionally given me, by Gen. Dix ; and that my ob- 
ject was to bring my wife to see her mother, from whom she 
had been separated for five years — the mother and daughter 
both being in poor health. He treated my answer with con- 
tempt, sneered at the very idea, and uttering a damn, re- 
peated : 

" Yes, to see her mother, — to see her mother ! " 

"Then you are from Virginia," said Gen. Tyler. "That 
makes the matter worse ; you may be here as a spy." 

iSee Appendix C, for letter to Capt. Jamss M. GilUss, U. S. N., which repeats 
the three conditions here referred to. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 97 

" Not at all," said I. " I came as a peaceable man ; for 
the benefit of my family, and M'ith no other motive ; " and 
was proceeding to make a brief statement of my trne status, 
when the General, and the Colonel, both "let loose" nppn 
me, each encouraging the other; bullying, and (logging me in 
a manner which I regarded not only as undignified, and un- 
kind, but wholly unbecoming the circumstances under which 
I appeared before them. 

In reply to a remark, that my position was j)recisely that 
of hundreds of good citizens in Delaware, and elsewhere, Avho 
were undisturbed ; and that I had neither said nor done more 
than they, Gen. Tyler remarked : 

*• I S'.'nt you here, on account of your position and influ- 
ence. Yon are capable of doing more harm than others. You 
have shown disrespect to the flag that has protected you ; and 
now you must take the consequences." 

Gen. Schoepf, who had been silent during most of this con- 
versation, now remarked : 

" I told you. Doctor, that there was no way of being re- 
leased, but by taking the oath." 

" General," I replied, " you are aware that I am a Vir-- 
ginian ; and I must stand or fall with my own State." 

" Oh," he rejoined, " Virginia is fast tumbling to pleeeSi. 
She must soon yield to her fate." 

Something was said about my having sworn allegiance to< 
the Southern Confederacy, with some other remark that I did 
not catch. 

" I have never taken an oath of allegiance of any sort," I 
replied. 

*'Then you can take this oath," said the General; adding,, 
(for what intent I know not, unless to help my conscience,) 
*'Sup[)o-c I present a pistol at your head, and say I will kill 
you unless you take the oath, you would d;) it, I know." 

I did not wish to enter into any argument; or to say oneAvord! 
calcukited to make my condition worse, and simply replied:. 
7 



98 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

" General, I am conscientious in the position wliicli I take ; 
ai. 1 I wish to act as a Cliristian man, and in the fear of God." 

The officers were now evidently getting tired of me* Tliey 
hiid not succeeded in drawing me int:) an argument; nor had 
they extorted a single word of violence from my lips. I may 
have appeared to great disadvantage as I stood before thera, 
hat in hand, — for I had not been invited to take a seat; and, 
perhaps they were gratified with their own fluency in abusive 
language — and especially the vulgar Colonel, with his rodom- 
ontade, and profanity. 

The conduct of Gen. Schcepf was in s'.riking contrast with 
that of Tyler, and Don Piatt. He was courteous, and I 
thought sympathetic, from the beginning. His tones were 
mild, and his address kind; and before leaving the room, I 
took occasion to hand him a copy of my published semion on 
" Our National Sins," as expressive of my views as a peace 
man. He received it with politeness; and folding it up, 
placed it in his breast-pocket. At this point, one of the officers 
propO:;ed a walk on the parapet ; so, bowing respectfully, I 
left them, and in a few minutes after, saw the three in close 
conversation, on the top of tlie Fort, — Gen. Schrepf gesturing 
with considerable animation. 

Such was my Sabbath interview, with the men who hold 
me in prison, on the fortieth day of my confinement. AVhat 
will be tlie result I know not; but, I cast myself on Him who 
careth for me; and who can "deliver me out of all my dis- 
tresses." 

Held our usual services in the hall, at 8 o'clock — my sub- 
ject of discourse being Conscience ; and the text, Prov. xx. 27 ; 
" The spirit of man is the candle of the Lord, searching all the 
inward parts of the belli/." 

I ought to have mentlon-d that Capl. Rawley left us on 

Saturday afternoon, after taking the oath of allegiance. A 

friend who had bcm instrumental in obtalnino: his release, was 

-iu waiting at Delaware City. He went off rejoicing ; and I 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 99 

really felt ulad for him, as he had been a prisoner for about six 
months, and liad sulfcred greatly, by siekness, and elose con- 
finement. He has been treated with great injustice, in having 
been released at one time ; and then, in a few days, returned 
to prison, after paying two hundred dollars for his sh')rt season 
of liberty. At Fort McHenry, he was put in a filthy stable, 
with over one hundred and fifty Yankee convicts — there 
being little or no light or air, and all manner of wickedness 
perpetr.ited by his wretched companions. During his sick- 
ness, which continued for some weeks, he hud to give a man 
one dollar a night to watch him, and keep him from being 
trodden to death by the reckless crowd. As Capt. Rawley 
was the only professor of religion in our company, except my- 
self, I s-hall miss him much. He is a good man, but I think 
erred in taking the oath. 

A young man i.amed Simmons, from Baltimore, was brought 
into our apartment, this afternoon, from the barracks, to be 
sent home, to-morrow. His father is said to be a Union man, 
and has made some arrangement with the Government, to re- 
deem his son from the Confederate Arm) He appears to be 
decidedly with the South, and says he will not take the oath. 

We were ordered to-night to extinguish our candles, at 
half-past nine o'clock. 

Monday, Z'ist. — Spent some time, this morning, in writing, 
although it is difficult to fix the mind, under present circum- 
stances. I have one or two very important letters, yet, to 
write; but it is so irksome to attempt anything requiring 
continuity of thought, or accuracy of expression, that I really 
dread the task, though there may be misunderstanding, or loss 
from the neglect* 

A^isited the hospitals, again, to-day. Found that Mr. 
Brown had been removed from the small room, which he has 
been occupying, and that he had been placed on the bedstead 
occupied by Capt. Jackson. He will, now, be more comfort- 



100 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

able ; but he is, still, in a miserable condition. The poor fel- 
low, having no use of the natural passages, is passing his water 
and excrement through tlie mouth. He is deeply convicted of 
sin ; and is anxious to find the Saviour. When I talked with 
him, on Saturday, he was unwilling to let me leave him ; and 
begged that I would remain a little longer, to talk and pray 
with him. Of course I did so. In answer to the question — 

" Do you feel yourself to be a sinner? " 

"Oh, yes," ho replied, "the worst sort." 

I left him, to-day, apparently in a better state both of mind 
and of body, though very low, and still unsatisfied. He has re- 
quested me, should he die, to write to his father a full account 
of his condition. 

Visited Mr. Taylor, again, in one of the tent hospitals, and 
found him still feeble, with no clear apprehension of the plan 
of salvation; but acknowledging the importance of the subject, 
and desiring to know more about it. 

In the same hospital, I found three men In a state of deli- 
rium ; and each of them very differently affected. One poor 
fellow, as soon as I began to talk with him, deliberately arose 
from his bed, and exclaimed, "You are the veiy man I want 
to see." He then began to tell me something about a fracas 
in which he had been engaged ; and said ho, " I was hung the 
other day, and I want you to tell me whether I am dead or 
alive, for I don't know." He also imagined himself in a fire, 
and talked otherwise so strangely, that I pi tied him exceedingly, 
and told him, that ho was very sick, in a hospital, surrounded 
by friends, and physicians, who Avishcd to take care of him. 
" Well, that is what I wanted to know," he said, and then 
laid down contentedly. 

In moving around among the sufferers, I find enough to 
make the heart sick. Suffering of every sort, and so little 
means to afford help ! The physicians have their hands full ; 
and are, perhaps, doing the best they can. Some are unskil- 
ful ; and others inattentive, or without due sense of responsi- 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 101 

bility; but their position is arduous, and every allowance is 
to be made. I think one of the principal deficiencies is the 
want of stewards, and proper persons to mix and administer 
the medici-nes. Sometimes a sick man lies from one to three 
days, Avitliout being noticed by a doctor; and then after the 
medicine has been prescribed, it is given to the patient or not, 
according to the inclination, or memory of the attendants ; and 
often the wrong medicine is administered, or in the wrong pro- 
portions, or at improper intervals. Old Dr. Arnott, the chief 
physician, seems to rely on giving the patient good nourish- 
ment, and generally so directs — often without feeling the pulse, 
or looking at the tongue ; and under th.c circumstances, he may 
be right, for the sick man i^.^ no doubt often killed by the mal- 
administration of the prescribed medicine. 

Learned, at the hospital, that a petition was sent in to the 
General, yesterday, by the prisoners at the barracks, requesting 
that I be allowed to preach to them. What reply was given, 
I could not ascertain ; but no order or permit was sent to me, 
affording so great a privilege. Nothing would give me greater 
pleasure, than to proclaim the Gospel to our noble Southern 
boys ; and, especially, would I be pleased to hold forth the Word 
of God, to those who have heretofore sat under my ministry 
at Portsmouth — a number of whom are now on the Island. 
"Was informed, that some of the Confederate prisoners made 
application for permission to come and hear me, yesterday, 
in the hall ; but they were told, that they could hear a Fed- 
eral Chaplain, in another place. 

The Rev. Mr. Paddock, an Army Chaplain, called in to 
see me this afternoon, whilst I was out walking, and left a 
number of religious newspapers, and small books for distribu- 
tion. I was glad to get the package, notwithstanding the 
war matter, and wrong teaching mixed up with many good 
articles, in the papers. For the sake of the good, I felt per- 
fectly willing to risk the evil ; as our company are generally 
capable of exercising a right judgment on the important ques- 



102 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

lions at issue. I have, greatly, f.;It the need of good reading 
matter, since I have been here, not only f.»r my own use, but 
for circulation among the prisoners. How glad would I be, 
to have a heavy box of books, from the depositories at liich- 
moud, or Petersburg. 



IV. 

September. 



Tuesday, \st. — I have been suffering a good deal with 
headache, to-day ; and have kept my bunk, most of the time. 
These attacks arc occasioned partly by cold, and partly by 
the want of sleep. The mosquitoes, and bed-bugs are almost 
intolerable. Often I am tossing, to and fro, nearly all night, 
wishing for d.;y ; and then, only to be relieved by a change 
in the character of my distress. 

Prison life is becoming very irksome; and I begin to realize 
its debasing influence upon the mind, as well as its ill effects upon 
the body. Continuous thought is almost impossible, except in 
regard to one's own trials, and the dreadful state of the 
country. I find it almost impossible to read tlie Bible with 
composure. Everything around is of a distracting nature; we 
are in the mid5t of noise and confusion, from morning until 
night ; and even after we have gotten to bcil, there are, always, 
a few noisy fellows who are swearing, disputing, or frolicking 
until almost mitlnight, and some until morning hours. It is 
the unanimous opinion, that a great change has taken place, in 
regard to these matters, since I came to the prison ; but it "s 
bad enough yet ; and my heart sinks within me, when I notice 
the prevalence of sin around me. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 103 

Visited the hospitals, as usual. Poor Brown is still very- 
ill — but probably a little better. Quite as anxious, as ever, on 
the subject of religion ; but expressing difficulty about fixing 
his mind. After a prayer, I was about leaving him, when he 
raised his lank and brawny arm to my head, and drew me 
^'own. I asked what he want d to say. " Oh," said he, " I 
just want to pat your good liend." I feel a deep interest in 
this man, and pray God to spr.v ; his life. 

Had another interview with young Dashiell, who is now a 
convalescent at Hospital No. 1. Gave him a shirt, and pair 
of drawers, sent by Mrs. Ranliin ; and have also furnished him 
with some little articles from my own storj. How glad would 
I be, could I go around and deal out delicacies to th" sick, and 
talk and pray with those who are suffering. It is delightful, 
to find every one eager to hear the truth. There is certainly 
a religious influence pervading the minds of all our Southern 
soldiers, notwithstanding the irregularities that too generally 
prevail. 

Wednesday, 2d. — Twenty-five convicts were broujl.t to the 
Island, this morning — but from what point I do not know. 
Most of them are said to be deserters; and several are sentenced 
for five years — others for the war. 

The w^ater has been pumped out of the moat, just half way 
around the Fort, leaving the mud exposed, and causing a htr- 
rible stench, which I fear, at this season of the year, may bring 
on sickness, if the evil is not speedily removed. The design 
is, to wall up the banks — a work that will require months. 
Scores of prisoners, and soldiers have been availing themselves 
of the opportunity to catch the fish lying upon the mud, and 
floundering in the pools ; and many a poor fellow Ikis had a 
good mess of cat-fioh and eels, to-day, whilst others have pre- 
ferred to convert tlieir game into cash, an article ex:'eetlingly 
scarce with most of our prisoners. They have cerlainly paid 
well for their b >oty, by wading in black, and filthy mud, U]j 
to their knees. 



104 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

Wier, ancl Richards left the Fort, this afternoon, after 
taking the oath of allegiance ; as all who have been released, 
since I have been here, have boon obliged to do. They are 
both Delawareans, very genteel young men, of strong South- 
ern proclivities, and have left with the good wishes of all 
the company. Wier has promised to visit my wife, and post 
her as to my doings in prison. 

Wrote to my d.;ughtcr Virginia, and put the letter in the 
hands of the proper officer to b^ sent by flag of truco to Rich- 
mond. Requested her to sec certain gentlemen, and have 1 hem 
make an effort for my exchange, with any other minister of the 
Gospel (if such can bo found), in confinement at the South; 
Shall greatly rejoice, if such an exchange can be effe'ct d. 

A Mr. Alexander, from Lexington, Virginia, was brought 
in from the barracks, to-day, charg.-d Avi'di being a Major. He 
is a very sensible and intelligent man. 

The papers give us good news from our Confederate Navy 
— the Vanderbilt sunk ; two gunboats captured on the Rap- 
pahannock ; the si earner Louisiana taken on the Chesapeake 
Bay; and the Currituck, a large transport, has fallen into 
Southern hands. Well done fjr the navy ! Hope it is but 
the beginning of better things. 

In the hall, to-night, tried to make a suitable improve- 
ment of those words of Ilezekiah, "OA, Lord, I am oppressedy 
undertake for mc ! " A quiet and impressive time. 

Thursday/, 3d. — Spent the forenoon in Avriting, and in con- 
versation, with Mr. Alexander, whom I find to be a very clever 
fellow, and a nephew of my old preceptor, Rev. Dr. Alexan- 
der, of Princeton. He is a member of the First Virginia 
Cavalry, has seen a good deal of service, and has some fine 
anecdotes of the war. Pie was captured with a wa^-on-train in 
Pennsylvania, and has been a prisoner in Fort Delaware about 
two months. He is not an officer, as alleged, and insisted 
upon by the authorities here, who have not yet learned how 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 105 

an intelligent man and a gentleman can occupy the position of 
a private. 

Mr. Alexander informs me, that his intimate friend at the 
barracks, is William Pitts, of Berlin, Maryland, — brother to 
Mrs. Mackey, Avife of the Rev. Wm. D. Mackey, of Snow Hill. 
Jack Pitts has been a prisoner here, but got oif witii the sick, 
who were sent to Richmond some weeks ago. 

Having received from my wife a basket of corn, potatoes, 
tomatoes, a fine piece of lamb and other good thing.-;, I con- 
cluded to give an entertainment ; and accordingly invited some 
six or seven persons, to dine with me. These, together with 
our regular mess, made up quite a company. ]\Iy object was 
to give some of my neighbors, who have had very little oppor- 
tunity for comforts, at least one good dinner. Tibb: ts hnd 
everything in fine order, and all regarded it as a splendid 
affair. It really did me good, to see how my companions en- 
joyed the meal. Alexander, who was one of the party, gave 
us an account of the destitution at the barrack^. He says 
the men are hungry, from morning until night, and are ac- 
tually starving by slow degrees ; that the one cracker, and 
morsel of meat which they get, twice a day, with a little 
coifee, and soup, are not enough for the sustenance of hearty 
men ; and that the cooking is so hard, that the delicate ones 
can scarcely swallow the food at all. The coffee, and soup 
have, generally, been made — until recently — from the water 
in a ditch, which has served as a receptacle for all manner of 
filth — even to the washings of the vessels used by the sick. 

Found Mr. Paddock at the hospital, this morning, distrib- 
uting peaches. It was affecting to witness the eagerness, with 
which the poor fellows received their one peach apiece. The 
truth is, they are suffering f )r nourishment, and for such deli- 
cacies as suit the palates of sick men. I believe, that scores 
have died for the Avant of proper foocl. The young man from 
St. ^Mary's county, INIaryland, is very low. He is a Roman 
Catholic, expresses strong confidence in Christ, and seems ready 
to die. Brown seems to be a little better. 



106 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

After leaving t'le hospitals, and whilst seated in the shade 
near by, I noticed two young men, gathering water-melon and 
cantilope rinds, which had been thrown away by some one 
who had been enjoying the fruit, a moment before. They 
looked sick and feeble ; and I inquired what they were going 
to do wiih the rinds, chartrinjj them at the same time not to 
cat them, as they were carefully trimming them and paring 
off the outer skin. They replied, that they were going to 
pickle them, as the best thing they could do, in their present 
necessities. Oh, how I pitied the sufferers, and wished that I 
were able to help them to a little fruit, or a few vegetables. 
This was t!ie first tiir.e I had ever witnessed such a craving: 
for succulents. 

Five prisoners — a chaplain, surgeon, lieutenant, and 
three privates, arrived to-day, and were assigned to quarters. 
The first two joined the surgeons in their tents, outside the 
Fort, the lieutenant coming in with us, and the privates being 
sent to the barracks. 

Ciipt. Ball has been quite indisposed, for several days. To- 
day he is quite sick, and has had to send for Dr. Forrest, one 
of the Confederate surgeons, who has prescribed for him. He 
is very nervous, and seems to be completely Avorn out by long 
confinement. lie has resolved to take the oath, althouirh he 
revolts at the very idea. Our services were delayed until quite 
late, in conscqu nee of his illness. Parker, AVightman, and 
Welsh are all complaining. 

Two men, privates in the Purnell Legion, were poisoned 
last night, by some mistake in the administration of medicine — 
an ointment having been taken internally. One corpse was 
carried to the boat, this morning, and the other this afternoon — 
bo'.h in military style ; these being the first funerals of the 
kind that have taken place since I have been on the Island. 

Friday, 4th. — Another letter from my wife, affording com- 
fort in my imprisonment, which perhaps she cannot appreciate. 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 107 

What a blessing that I am not denied this privilege ; and how- 
much have I to be thankful for, in the improved health of the 
various members of my family. Bless the Lord, oh my soul ! 
Made my usual visits to the hospitals ; found some improv- 
ing, and others worse, as to their bodily health ; and all grati- 
fied to have religinus advice and prayer. It is really abtonish- 
ing, to observe how readily accessible is every man, without 
exception. Testaments ai.d good books are lying about the 
beds, and all who are able, love to read them. The jwor man, 
from Maryland, whom I saw brought in a few days ago, is 
very ill, but seems t > be trusting in Christ. 

The sick men in the tent hospitals were removed, to-day, 
from the southwestern part of tlic Island, to new and comfort- 
able quarters near the old barracks. I hope the change may 
be for the better. There is still a great scarcity of medicine, 
which should certainly be remedied as soon as possible. 

While walking around, this evening, a little after 6 o'clock, 
a sentinel approached me, with a message from the Provost- 
Marshal, stating that an order had been issued, directing 
all convicts and prisoners to be in their quarters at six. 
I told him that I had a special pass from Gen. Schoepf, allow- 
incr me to walk until 8 o'clock : but he refused to look at it ; 
and though I insisted, he was satisfied with the delivery of the 
messaa-e of the Provost, and left me whilst I was urging him 
to inform that officer of the character of my pass. 

The Purnell Legion are quartered in the new barracks, im- 
mediately opposite our window. They are a jolly set, and are 
occupied every evening, until bed-time, in fiddling, dancing, 
singing, and othtT amusements. Sometimes, it seems as 
though they would tear down the very building above them. 
Spoke, to-night, on the subject of personal afflictions; and 
urged the company to look for help, to a source that is higher 
than man. 

Saturday, 5th, — Made the acquaintance of the Chaplain, 



108 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

who came to the Island day before yesterday, and find him to 
be quite a pleasant man. His name is Frierson, and hails 
from Mississippi. Have invited him to preach for me to- 
morrow morning ; and he has consented to do so, if the waj 
be clear. Mr. Hand, the lieutenant who came with the Chap- 
lain, is a very genteel young man, sensible and modest. He 
has been suffering, since the buttle of Gettysburg, with a severe 
wound between the shoulders. 

Tiie Marylander at Hospital No. 3, died this morning, a 
few moments after I left his bedside. In reply to an inquiry, • 
he tried to give me a message for his friends ; but I failed to 
understand his words. His confidence appeared to be un- 
shaken to the end ; and he expressed perfect willingness to die. 
Perhaps this testimony, which may be all that his friends will 
ever get, will reach them, and afford some comfort. I think 
his name was Grey. He deferred coming to the hospital, 
entirely too long. 

"Wrote several letters to my wife, and to friends in Dela- 
ware. 

Sabbath, C)fh. — According to promise, Mr. Frierson came up 
this morning, and preached in the Hall, in my place. He ad- 
dressed us, on the subject of afflictions, in a short and interest- 
ing sermon ; after which I made a few remarks. Was pleased 
to give my little congregation some variety, as I have now 
been preaching, and exhorting, for about forty-seven dnys. 

At night, I preached from II. Cor. v. 3 : " We walh by 
faith and not by sir/ht." God givq me spscial assistance, and 
the attention was profound. I believe an impression was made 
•which will not soon be effaced. Oh, how glad would I be, to 
see some present result, in the conversion of souls. My hcjrt 
yearns toward the impenitent ; and I long to be instrumental 
in some great good, during my imprisonment. 

This has, probably, been the most quiet Sabbath we have 
had, since I have been in prison. There has been very little 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 109 

work going on, out of doors ; and the prisoners have been 
unusually still. Servic3S have been held in different places 
around us, but at what points, and by whom, I have not been 
able to learn. 

Monday, 7th. — Had a conversation with Mr. Frierson, about 
alternating with him in our services in the Hall. Found him 
ready to take hold, if no impediments were thrown in the 
way. He went immediately to see Gen. Schoepf, in order to 
arrange this matter, and to obtain permission to visit the 
barracks. The last subject was first brought to the notice of 
the General, and meeting with a very positive refusal, the 
otiier Mas instantly dropped. Throwing up his hand, and 
snapping his finger and thumb repeatedly together, said the 
General : ''• I can't let you go to the barracks, Sir. You don't 
love your country. You can have a certificate to go to tl:e 
hospitals ; but you can't go to the barracks." The interview 
was so unpleasant that the Chaplain retired • without further 
words. 

Visited Hospital No. 3, and found poor Brown just breath- 
ing his last. Endeavored to arouse him, and to ascertain 
what were his hopes ; but it was too late. The case of this 
man has greatly interested me, and I had hoped, that he 
mi^rht live, and become a useful Christian. God has seen fit to 
order it otherwise. In the hands of a righteous God, I trust 
he has passed safely into the eternal world. When I asked 
him, a few days ago, if he could put his trust in Christ, he 
replied, " If I can't trust Him, Avho can I trust?" I intend 
to write to his father, according to his request. 

The few persons who still remained at the old hospitals 
were removed, at about noon, to the new buildings at the 
other end of the Island. Some of them are very low ; and 
others still feeble, and not out of danger. The poor f 1- 
lows are, all, suffering for something to cat, the food furnished 
at the hospitals being utterly repulsive. They get arrow-root, 



110 tTNlTED STATES BONDS; OR 

and corn-starch ; but these are improperly prepared ; and ihey 
frequently lie for hours, or days, longing for something ihey 
canpot g;'t. I cliippcd up some dried beef, a few days ago, 
and tof)k it around for distribution, greatly to the delight of 
nearly every man in the rooms. It is thought numbers die 
for want of prop r nourishment. One poor fellow, M'ho had 
gotten a good deal better, in his anxiety for some change, 
bought a lot of wild purslain, and boiled it up for greens, 
which produced a relapse, and killed him Very soon. He died 
yesterd:iy morning. 

Mr. Belt, who has been staying at the hospital f )r some 
five or six weeks, came back yesterday. lie loft our room 
an invalid, but has been well for some time, and has with a 
very benevolent spirit, been dcvoUng himself to the care of the 
sick. He is a Christian man, and a member of the Episcopal 
Churcl), who suffers his light to shine, and by a daily example, 
is doing good. 

A Mr. Thomas, of Florida, and Lieut. Lee, of Arkansas, 
were brought in to-day, as officers, to be sent with others, 
after a while, to Johnson's Island. 

Tuesday, 8th. — 'Capt. Ball, who has been sick for several 
days, is now much better, seems more cheerful, and is anx- 
iously waiting a release. He, and I, are the only persons on 
our floor who have " paroles of the Island." We find this 
privilege not only agreeable to ourselves, but veiy useful to 
those about us; as we are delegated to do all the purchases, at 
the sutler's. Wc, thus, save the company a considerable per 
centage, which has, heretofore, been paid to a Yankee convict, 
who has frequently not scrupled to take advantage of his 
employers. This sutler shop, by the way, is a convenience as 
well as a great nuisance. The establishment furnishes many 
articles of necessity and comfort, which we cannot obtain else- 
where on the Island; but the charges are exorbitant, and 
there is no spirit of accommodation^ whatever. I have pitied 



BUEESS BY FEDERAL AtTTHOElTY. Ill 

the poor prisoners, who are gruffly spoken to, allowed uo 
choice in the purchase of article s, and ordered off as soon as 
the supply is obtained. Competition would set maiters to 
rights, but a monopoly seems to be encouraged, and a fortune 
is being ma^le by one — or more. 

Saw Gen. Sclicepf go into the back door of the sutler's 
establishment, this morning, and occasionally see him enter 
the lager beer saloon. He is said to be very fond of lager, and 
hereby a rea^^on may be afforded for the variableness of his 
temper. I make no charges, however, as I have had no per- 
sonal observation of his habits. 

Had an interesting conversation with Capt. J. B. Alex- 
ander, Porter, and others, on the subject of death, the immor- 
tality of the soul, and future punishment, — having been ap- 
pealed to as umpire in a discussion among these gentlemen. 
They heard my views with respect and attention, and I tliiiik 
an opportunity was afforded for considerable impression. God 
bless the result ! 

Saw two convicts chained together, as a punishment for 
attempting an escape. They are the same, who were referred 
to in another part of this journal. The jjunishment is cruel — 
both hands of each being confined, and the inconvenience and 
pain very great. Other punishments equally barbarous, are 
frequently inflicted. The ball and chain is an object of com- 
mon observation — numb is of the poor fellows are going to, 
and fro, all the time, with this annoying weight appended to 
their heels, and not unfrequently carrying other burdens in ad- 
dition. The noise of the balls is heard every hour, in the 
apartment below, ever reminding us that we are prisoners, 
and that they who treat their own thus, can have no scruples 
upon the slightest pretext, to deal with vengeance upon 
their enemies. I am glad to find, that one of the severe 
punishments, formerly in vogue, has now been abolished. 
Until recently, it was customary, to put the refractory convict 
astride a cannon, on the parapet, with his hands tied behind, and 



112 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR 

his legs fastened underneath, leaving him for hours, to punish 
in the hot sun. A man who was thus tortured, before I came 
to the Island, f II back iu agony, and was taken up for dead. 
This catastrophe ])ut a stop to the business. 

Some of the young men had quite a frolic this morning, 

with Uncle Jimmy (J "NV ), which had liked to have 

resulted seriously. There is something about this M'orthy, but 
somewhat eccentric person, which invites to practical ji iking. 
The boys were just in the humor for s;iort ; ar.d worried the 
" old gentleman," exceedingly. He could stand it no longer, 
and rushed upoa the ring-leaders, with desperate intent. But 
his good nature soon took its accustomed place in the ascend- 
ant, and they f )rtunately escaped ; but they have now reached 
the ne plus ultra, and had better let him alone for the future. 

We received news, to-day, of the Federal occupation of 
Knoxville, and of the negotiation of Commissioners at City 
Point, in relation to an exchange of prisoners. 

Wednesdai/, dth. — Quito an excitement prevails on our floor, 
and among the surgeons, in relation to the probability of an 
early exchange of prisoners — Mr. Lincoln having announced 
that the late cartel shall not be interrupted by the indispo- 
sition of the Southern Government to enter upon an indis- 
criminate cxch.aiigc fir negro captives. It is astonishing to 
notice, how the feelings of all around are influenced by the 
slightest reports in regard to this subject. Sometimes there 
are the highest hopes, and again all are in despair. We are 
shut out from all reliable intelligence, and can have no means 
of ascertaining the purposes of the Richmond Government; 
but there is a prevailing impression, among the political 
prisoners, that they are neglected. Some, who have been lying 
in prison six months or more, seem to be completely worn out, 
and cannot understand, why, after the sacrifices made at home, 
and since their confinement, not one cheering word reaches 
them from the South. For myself. I think that there is some 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 113 

impediment, which from our standpoint, it is impossible for us 
to see, and that the Government is not without interest, but un- 
able to do what it would. Certainly those who have spoken, 
and labored for the cause, subjecting themselves to the hate and 
abuse of the Federal Government, though they may never 
have moved in the ranks, are yet entitled to as much sympathy 
as those who have exposed themselves on the field of battle. 

I find that our religious services are continuing to effect 
important changes for good. Several young men, Avho have 
been hard swearers, have resolved to give up the practice; 
and, for a number of days, they have adhered to their purpose. 
The card-playing is also nearly broken up, and I have strong 
hopes, that it Avill be entirely abolished. My views on the 
subject were solicited in No. 2, a few days ago ; and the mat- 
ter was examined with earnestness and interest. An impres- 
sion was evidently made, and the effect continues. It is 
gratifying, also, to find, that some two or three backsliders are 
being reclaimed. A man in No. 4, heretofore a hard case, has 
recently come to himself, and has taken hold with zeal, in the 
work of reclaiming others. He has made open acknowledg- 
ment of his late defections; and says, God helping him, he in- 
tends to do his duty in future. He once maintained such a 
vindictive spirit, that he had resolved upon taking the lives; 
of two men who had injured him. He now regards his im- 
prisonment as a means intended by the Almighty, for good ;: 
and his chief desire for release is, that he may give pleasure to- 
his family, in his great reformation. Pie says all he desires 
for the future is to get home, go to farming, attend closely to- 
his own business, harming no man, and living in the fear of 
God. 

The ring business has received a new impetus, on our floor.. 
An astonishing number of persons are engaged in this Avork, 
either merely to have something to do, or to make, with their 
own hands, some little memorial of prison life, to be presented 
to friends and kindred. Our principal adepts in this business 
8 



114 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

are Lucas, Robert Lloyd, Atwood, J. B. Alexander, and 
Shreve. Some of their specimens are truly beautiful, and will 
be highly valued by tlioso who hold ihcin. Mr. Belt, who is 
quite a mechanical genius, amnses himself in preparing models 
of i)lows, cultivators, and other agricultural iraidemcnts — 
some cf which will, by-and-bye, be pate:ited by our Confeder- 
ate Government, teaching the world that s:)me things can be 
dcme at the South as well as at the North. He has a model 
for a cultivator, with two shovels for turning the earth, first 
from the corn, and then back again, which must supply a very 
import.int nceil, and come into general use. 

A novel sight was presented, this afternoon, in the case of a 
young man by the name of Antony Joseph, who Avas ])araded 
through the Fort yard, and around the barrack ■;, Avith a barrel 
over his head, and a placard in front, with the inscription: "A 
thief who steals su(/ar from the sick.'' The fellow, who is from 
Alabama, had been a ward-master at one of the h' spitals, and 
is the same who stole the money and rings from old Captain 
Jackson, and Robert Lloyd. The punishment, though very 
degrading, was perhaps not more than he deserved ; as he is 
-an old offender, and has been guilty of almost every variety of 
meanness. It is said, that he took liquor prescribed for tlw 
'dying, and administered laudanum to put to sleep various 
per.-ons whom he wished to rob. It was an odd sight, to 
see him marching along, barefooted, preceded by a drummer, 
and followed b}' a soldier with a musket. I hope the effect 
will be salutary upon others. 

Have been suffering all day, with violent jiains in my neck 
and shoulders, resulting from cold, occasioned by f«leeping with 
my bed under a draft from the window. We are obliged to 
submit to various inconveniences, arising from the variety of 
notions and habits — that wdiieh suits one, bcinor alto'nther 
unsuitable or displeasing to others. I have always tried, as 
far as possible, to yield my owu convenience, and comfort, to 
those xiround me. 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 115 

Thursday, lO'h. — Took an early morning walk; and found 
twelve dead bolies being carried to tlic boar, for interment, on 
the Jersey shore, where tlje Government has purehase;!, and 
laid ofT, about two acres as a cemetery,^ Rev. ^lessrs. Pad- 
dock, and Way were in conver.-ation, on the bridge-, over tho 
moat, on the northeastern side of the Fort. As the ambulance 
came alonr, I i -.quired whether there would be any objection 
to my attending the s Tvice. They thought not; and the Pro- 
vost-Marsh d coming along, gave full permission. So, in 
company with Mr. Frierson, I walked on — (he four ministers 
going on tho boat. There were but few persons to witness the 
service ; and perhaps no one on the boat knew anytliing about 
the poor fellows who had died so fir from home and friends. 
The service, as conducted by tho Federal chaplains, was very 
short, and the boat moved off as soon as it was closed. After 
it was all over, eight or ten Confederates came along, expecling 
to be present, a:ul regretting their disappointment. I was 
glad (o have this opportunity ; but felt sad, as I gazed upon 
the rough, ill-made coffins, and witnessed the coolness, and 
indifference manifested in the whole scene. 

Tiie two chaplains Avere polite, less reserved than hereto- 
fore, and seemed disposed to have ]\Ir. Frierson and myself 
join them in their work, at the hospitals, and barracks. 
Nothing would gratify me more, I assured them, than to spend 
all my time, in laboring upon the wide and rich field before 
us. ]\Ir. Paddock said, he would speak to the General about 
it ; and I have some hope of extending my usefulness among 
the hundreds, who would gladly hail me, as a minister of Jesua 
Christ. 

A Mrs. Smith, formerly, I think, of Washington, who lias 
lately visited the Island, had a very plain talk with Gen. 
Schoepf, and expressed great surprise that he, a Hungarian, 

1 More than one thousand prl^orrers had been burled on the Jersey shore prior 
to July 11th, 1 G3. See letter of Ucv. W. II. Paddock, Thaplain U. S. A., to 
Hon. Geo. II. Stuart, iu the Second Annual Report of the U. S. Christian Com- 
jnissiou. 



116 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

should have taken sides with the North in this great contro- 
versy. The General, who is always polite to the ladies, is said 
to have taken it admirably, and remarked, that he. had hoped 
the war would end without the subjugation of the South ; but 
that recent developments indicated that such would not be the 
case, — yet he believed that Charleston would never be taken. 

A feeling of gloom seems to parvade our company, caused 
by the news of the taking of Knoxville, and Chattanooga, and 
in consequence of other late disasters to the Confederate arms. 
These reports may prove untrue, or should be taken with 
great allowance. My hope is in God ! He will do tliat which 
is right, and for the best ; His name shall be glorified ! 

Received two large baskets from Delaware City, and got 
two men, with a guard, to go with me to the Avharf, and bring 
them to the Fort. Found many things for a good supper, and 
invited several friends to come and partake with me. AVe had 
two small tables — Thomas and Alexander silting Avith us at 
the first, and Welsh and Alkire at the second. 

The singing last night, and to-night, was greatly improved, 
in consequence of an hour's practice, before prayers. To-ni^ht, 
the good old hymn of Cowper, " Oh for a closer walk with 
God ! " was sung with great zest. 

Friday, Will. — Counted twelve coffins on the wharf, each 
enclosing a dead body to be taken to Jersey for burial. Three 
or four persons are generally put into one grave, and although 
cards are tacked upon each coffin, designating the individual, 
sometimes they are rubbed off; and I am told, that they are 
very careless about trying to discover the names of the deceased. 

The Confederate surgeons, who have heretofore been occuj)y- 
ing tents, have nowmovtd into a small frame building, which 
has been hitherto used as a hospital. Having been fitted up 
with bunks, and yellow- washed, it affijrds a much more 
comfortable sliclter than the surgeons have hitherto enjoyed. 
They desired to have a partition in the building, and were 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 117 

proceeding to have it erected, when Gen. Schoepf discovering 
the plan, vetoed it at once ; scolded severely, and threatened 
to have the man who dared propose it, sent to the barracks. 
Strange, that he should have been excited about so small a 
matter, the design being simply to have a private apartment, 
for the convenience of such as do not wish to be disturbed by 
the noise or disagreeable habits of those of a different tem- 
perament from themselves. On taking possession of the house, 
several wild fellows imbibed freely, and thus had what they 
profanely called a " christening." 

Had a conversation with Mr. Frierson, about the propriety 
of commencing some religious service without delay, in his 
new quarters. He is trying to make arrangements to do so; 
but has some impediments, which I hope he will be enabled 
to overcome. He has ascertained, that several of the physi- 
cians are pious men, and has this to encourage him. 

Met with one of the galvanized men, under circumstances 
that gave me an opportunity of learning something definite, 
in regard to the views and feelings of these poor fellows, who 
seem to be shunned alike by " Yankees " and " Rebels." He 
took the oath, lie said, to get out of the war; and because his 
own-section (North Alabama), was in possession of the Fed- 
erals. He had found himself mistaken, however, in relation 
to the prospect of relief; and was in no better condition than 
before. His feelings were as true to the South, as ever ; and 
so, too, with two-thirds of liis comrades — many of whom, after 
they had done the act (taken the oath), sat down, and cried 
over their folly. 

Got a box of second-hand clothing, from Mr. Bright, of 
"Wilmington. I distributed its contents, to such of our fellow- 
prisoners as were in need. Many of our number were brought 
here, with just such clothes as tliey happened to wear at the 
time of their arrest ; and as some have been confined from 
three to six months, they are, now, sadly in want. "Was glad 
to find a good lot of tracts at the bottom of the box, most 



118 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

of them bearing the imprint of the Presbyterian Board of 
Publication. 

J. B. Alexander took his departure this afternoon, having 
been released through the influence of a rcla'ive in Wash- 
ington, who brought an order from Lincoln himself. One 
of (he clerks, Avho saw the autograph, says it was a perfect 
curiosity as to penmanship and general appearance. It was 
written on a scrap cf paper, in 8chooll)oy style, a::d covered 
with blots. It was genuine, however, and was respected ac- 
cor iingly, by delivery of the young man lo his uncle, :is soon 
as he had taken the oath. This is not the first time he has 
done (he same thing ; and he will, no doubt, bo in the army 
again before long. Cooper, also, left us to-day, after taking 
the oath. 

Saturday, \2ih. — Fourteen coffins, lying on the Avharf this 
morning, exhibited the mortili.'y of yesterday. 

Henry AV. Lonj', a citizen of Sussex county, Delaware, and 
a resident of Baltimore Hundred (where I used to preach 
years ago), was brought into our apartment, and took up his 
quarters in No. 4, with Griffith and Lovctt. He says, Dola- 
ware is all right for the South, if she could only be allowed 
an untrammelled, and honest expression ; but there is no lib- 
erty ; and every man is afraid to speak loud enough, to be 
heard by his nearest neighbor. lie thinks the Home Guards, 
lately dismissed from this i)laco, haYe gone home, " all ri^ht," 
and that they will vote right, when an opportunity {•> afforded. 

Had a conversation with three young meii, Avho have been 
detailed to bury the dead. One of (hem, named So^tt, from 
Mississippi — a member of Bankhead's Brigade — handed me 
an envelope from Miss Julia Jefferson, upon which s!:e had 
written my name, when vi-iting the cemetery in Jersey, and 
stated that she wished me to furnish him Avith certain articles 
of clothing, when she next sent a box. This young lady is a 
true friend of the South, and will be remembered with grati- 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 119 

tude by scores of our brave Confederates, who are now suffer- 
ing imprisonment. 

Scott says that the average of burials is about twelve, a 
day. He also states, that the sickness is occasioned, in great 
measure, by the imprudence of the men themselves. In their 
eagerness for change of diet, they are continually catching cat- 
fish, that feel about the sinks; and with these fish, they make 
half-cooked messes and gorge themselves to excess. The boiled 
meat, furnished by the Yankees, is also very bad for the 
bowels. All this, with change of weather and scarcity of 
clothing, and blankets, has greatly aggravated the tendency 
to disease. 

Capt. M , of the Purnell Legion, who, son:e days ago, 

insulted a lady who had been visiting a relative, in prison, 
has been arrested ; and is held for trial by court-martial, 
having been offered his choice, as to the trial or an imme- 
diate resignation of his commission. Shame to this Mary- 
land man ! 

An article has appeared, in the Washington Star, stating 
that two unconditional Union naen, Wm. Williams and Robt. 
Hollingsworth, of Loudoun county, Virginia, have been ar- 
rested by Col.. Elisha White, and forwarded to Richmond, 
where they will be held as hostages for my room-mates, Capt. 
"H. A. Ball, and Mr. A. C. Belt, of the same county. This 
arrangement suits the feelings of Messrs. Belt and B.:ll very 
well, if it leads to a fair exchange ; but they are somewhat 
apprehensive, that it may cause the cords to be drawn a good 
deal tighter, and perhaps, result in a. longer imprisonment. 
They are, nevertheless, much gratified to find that they are 
not forgotten, and appear to be more cheerful, and hopeful. 

The corner-stone of an Episcopal Churcii was laid on the 
Island, this afternoon, with considerable pomp and parade. 
All the military were in attendance, together Avith numbers 
of stragglers, and several ladies. The services werccontlue cd 
by Bishop Lee; assisted by the Cliaplains attached to the 



120 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Fort. I was not present at the ceremony, as I supposed the 
military were simply moving out for a review; but I am 
told, by Mr. Frierson, that the address was very good, and 
the services interesting. The stone was laid in the usual 
manner, with deposits of a Bible, newspapers, coins, &c. Do 
not know, Avhy it should have been an Episcopal Church ; 
as it is intended, I suppose, for tlie use of men coming from 
all denominations, and the Chaplains must represent various 
churches. 

My friend. Dr. Fromberger, informs me, that he is now 
required to spend his nights on the Island. His duties are 
arduous ; but he is conscientious, and has the confidence of 
the hundreds of poor sufferers under his charge. 

Sabbath, ISfh. — I endeavored to vary the character of my 
sermons, this morning ; and preached on the subject of 3Ii/s~ 
terics, from John v. 3, "How can these things bef Here- 
tofore, I have been as practical as possible, and tried to confine 
myself to the fundamental truths of religion, using especially 
those considerations which have been best calculated to bring 
to conviction, repentance, and to Christ. To-day, my object 
was to remove the scepticism of some, who are stumbling over 
difficulties. Preached nearly an hour, with comfort to myself, 
and I trust with profit to the congregation — having an inter- 
ruption of about ten minutes, towards the last, caused by the 
clanking, and rolling of the irons attached to the convicts, who 
were coming into dinner. 

At night, preached from Job xxi. 7, " Whi/ do the wicked 
live ? " Was again disturbed, by the noise below stairs, which 
is frequently an intolerable nuisance; but we dare not say 
anything, kst it should be made worse. 

Most of our company took the usual walk. I did not go 
out; but tried to occupy the recess between services in reading. 
Had considerable difficully, however, on account of the loud 
talking, and newspaper reading, which were constantly going 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 121 

on. But I have no reason to complain, as I am told the Sab- 
bath behavior is wonderfully improved, since my coming to 
the Fort. The card-playing is now wholly given up, for the 
day; there is no audible swearing; and the general deport- 
ment is good. 

Am g'ad to hear, that the inmates of No. 3 continue their 
good resolution, in regard to the observance of the Third Com- 
mandment. They have formed themselves into a sort of so- 
ciety, for the suppression of the vice of swearing; and have 
bound themselves, by a penalty, to lose one ration on each 
offence. 

Tibbets, who has been doing a good service as sexton, now 
finds a valuable assistant in Mr. Belt, who is always trying to 
be useful. Our friend B. has also initiated a sing-ins-class, and 
considerable interest has been awakened on the subject of church 
music. Several of the young men have been practising with 
zest, and we are likely to have a mucli better time in future, 
in this interesting department of worship. 

Monday, \Ath. — The mosquitoes, and bed-bugs are still 
very annoying. Had another troublesome night, and arose 
this morning, with reluctance. 

Noticed twelve coffins on the wharf, to be sent to Jersey ; 
but am told, that the number of deaths, yesterday, was six- 
teen — four bodies having been retained for want of coffins. 

Wiiilst talking, this morning, with a poor bare-footed 
" Rebel," the Provost-Marshal noticed the conversation, and 
approaching the spot where we stood, asked the young man if 
he were not a prisoner of war, and ordei'cd him away imme- 
diately. He made no remark to myself; but I have reason to 
believe, that he kept a close eye upon me, and that he prob- 
ably regards me as a mischievous person. In this instance, I 
was talking to the poor fellow about getting him some clothes. 
He had asked me, if I could not get him a pair of shoes; and 
stated that he had no clothing, but what he wore at the time — 



122 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

his pants b.'ing a ])a:r of cast-off Yankeii blue, and his otlier 
garni' n!s .sc:nty, and much worn. Would that it were in 
my power, to fur.iish these noble fellows, with such things as 
they neel. Th;y have much to discourage them, but are 
generally standing firm, and seem w'.lli::g to do, or suffer, 
anything f>r tiieir beloved Soutli. It gives mo gr^eat plea- 
sure, whLn?ver I cm got a chance, to furnish ihom with 
whatever g )od news I have picked up, and to clieer, and 
comfort tliem, all I can. In the barracks, they are com- 
pletely shut out from all sources of inf >rmation — the policy 
of the Government evidently being to make their condition as 
degrading, a::d as disa^r. cable, as it can wtll be, and yet the 
name of humanily and civilization be retjined. 

A vcss 1-1 lad of c:irn was rolled into the Fort yard, this 
afternoon, by ihe "rebs." Every now and then, a barrel-head 
would burst out, affording tlie men an opportunity to fill their 
handkercliiefs, or pockets, which t'.iey did with avidity. This 
arrival, doubtless, creates great joy ; as the prisoners are sick 
of hard crackers, and have been longing f )r the ash-cakrs and 
Indian pones of the South. At the hospitals, especially, I have 
seen the sick, wishing anxiously for corn-bread — a comforting 
memori.d of "home, sweet home." 

More "fresh fish," this afternoon, and a good haul from 
that inexhaustible source — the barracks. The names of three 

young men thus promoted are R. D. Green, Russell, and 

Intnan, all charged with being Lieutenants. 

Mr. Frierson tells me, that he has been unable to make the 
desired arrangements for religious services among the surgeons. 
Most of them would, probably, take great pleasure in having 
some regular means of grace ; but others are not only pcrf -ctly 
careless, but opposed to everything of the kind. The attempt 
to have preaching, on yesterday, was entirely frustrated, by 
certain sportsmen, who spread out a table, and commenced 
their usual routine of car;ls. Tliese same fellows have been 
" sprceing it," very freely, to-day ; and two of them have dis- 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 123 

graced themselves in a fight. Gen. Schoepf, huvhig been noti- 
fied t;f their excesses, has revoked a pjnnission he had granted, 
to provide th.mselves with one gallon of lager hecr p^r dny ; 
and now, ])erhr.ps, they will bch:>vo thvmsi.'lve5 better. S::range, 
that educated young men should disgrace themselves in this 
style. 

Three of our Conf^ederate? were shamefully biiyonotted, 
ycste;day, by an i'l-naturcd s?iitine1, simply becau-e they 
pre-sed rather hard, in pas-ing to dinner, or at some other 
necessary call. The men had "done notliing more thin usual; 
and the thrust, each time, was unknown to those behind. One 
of them is said to have been very ba lly hurt. 

Received letters from two of my children — Gertrude, and 
Mo-es — who are both greatly troubled on account of my im- 
prisonment. 



Tuesday, 16th — Visited the wharf, to get the report of yes- 
terday's deaths among the prisoners of war. Found eighteen 
coffins, ready to bo sent to the Jersey shore; and, in t!ie distance, 
saw Chaplain Way reading tlie funeral service. Had an in- 
terview with one of the hospital stewards, who was on his way 
to the offici', with his daily rej^.ort ; and found, that the true 
number of deaths yesterdy was fifteen — three of the coffins 
at the wharf containing the bodies of men who had died the 
day before. Two deaths were from small-pox. 

Had the pleasure of receiving two large baskets of vege- 
tables from my Avife, and a box of clothing from Miss Julia 
Jefferson. The latter was iut; ncled for the use of our young 
men from Portsmouth — some of wliom arc in great need. Saw 
Capt. Ahl, about my g 'ing to the barracks to distribute the 
articles. He said, that it would bo necessary for him to con- 
sult with Gen. Schcepf, before making a reply. 

. Several more officers, (whose names I did not hear,) came 
in from the barracks. Quite a stir among the prisoners, on 



124 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

account of the prospect of several of our number, leaving for 
Johnson's Island, in the morning. 

The attendance at prayers, to-night, was so large that we 
had some difficulty in seating the congregation. Extended the 
services ; and tried to adapt my remarks to the expected sepa- 
ration of to-morrow. The meeting was solemn, and was closed 
with the doxology, and a benediction. 

Wednesday/, IQth. — Eleven officers left us, this morning, 
for Johnson's Island, in charge of Capt. Ahl, accompanied by 
a guard of four men. We regretted, exceedingly, to part with 
this large detachment from our number, and especially with 
such men as Thomas, Price, Lee, and Hand, — all of them 
worthy fellows. Thomas is from Florida, and is an intimate 
friend of Capt. J. T. Bernard, son of my excellent friend and 
brother. Rev. O. Bernard, of Portsmouth. He regretted to 
leave, having some hope of being sent to South America, as he 
is physically unable to do anything more in the service. He 
was hoping, also, to have the return of a valuable watch and 
chain, which were taken from him by an officer in charge, when 
he came to the Fort. Price is a Mississippian, of excellent 
habits, and a first-rate Southern man. After he had joined 
the army, his mother commended him to God, and said : 
"Thomas ! I had rather, far, that you should die an honorable 
death, on the battle-field, than be lounging about home, doing 
nothing." Lee, and Hand are, both, amiable, and genteel 
young men ; the first from Arkansas, and the other from Xorth 
Carolina. Hand was severely wounded at Gettysburg, whilst 
occupying a peculiar position in repeating orders. 

Witnessed a horrible spectacle at Wharf Xo. 3, which I vis- 
ited to count the coffins ready for interment — a drowned man 
swollen to a most unnatural size, and with both eyes and his 
lips entirely destroyed by fish and crabs. Blood appeared 
about the neck ; and the hands, which were thrown up, were 
bleached to snowy whiteness. One hundred and thirty-five 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 125 

dollars and thirty cents were found in his pockets ; but nothing 
could be found identifying his person. He was dressed in 
blue, and was supposed to have been a Federal soldier. As I 
gazed upon this loathsome object, involuntarily rose to my lips 
the exclamation, Mliat is man f Nine coffins on the Avharf. 

Capt. Ahl having given me no reply, in regard to the dis- 
tribution of the clothing, I applied to the General, who re- 
quested me, to furnish him with a list of the names, promising 
to send for the men. On handing him the list, he asked me 
to select two of the most reliable, and sent a sergeant to bring 
them up. Availing myself of t!ie opportunity, I gave the 
names of Robert T. Daughtrey, and Arthur AV. Harvey, and 
soon had the pleasure of seeing these young men in my room. 
I prevailed upon them to stay, and take dinner with me — and 
being pretty well supplied, in my larder, at this time, gave 
them some extras, which they seemed to enjoy. Had several 
hours' C(mversation with them ; told them whatever I thought 
would interest them about home ; and sent them back to the 
barracks, with a box full of clothing for their needy com- 
panions — besides various articles in the way of vegetables, 
cakes, &c., for themselves What a pleasure it is to help 
these home-folks, not only as the almoner of others, but from 
my own little store. 

A young man, named Williams, came in from the barracks, 
just too late to be sent to Johnson's Island. He is a Lieu- 
tenant ; has been in fifteen battles ; and has been wounded 
three times in the same leg. His father, who is a tobacco 
planter, in Warren county, is not yet informed of his where- 
abouts. He has been endeavoring to hide his grade, and was 
afraid of being betrayed by correspondence. Two of his 
brothers have fallen in battle. A mulatto man, for whom his 
father gave §1,900, is going at large, on the Island, far better 
dressed than his young master, and is, no doubt, making 
money. The servant, who is a good blacksmith, says he is 
determined to get back home, as soon as he can, and that he 



126 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

will never again desert the South. I liavc, frequently, seen 
thiis darkey, and have been attracted by his fine appearaneo. 

Walke.l out with Mr. Fricrson, and spent a ha f l.our or 
more, in CDUversation, under the trees, ne^r the residenco of 
the General, and in full view of the new hospital. E-cturning, 
took a survey of the site of the new church, wliich is likely to 
go up with considerable rapidity. Most of the labor; rs em- 
ployed are convicts, and I counted five who carried the ball 
and chain. 

Found Chaplain Paddock, on the wharf, just leaving 
for Ph.ladelphia, to sec his son, who has been severely 
wounded by the cut of an axe. He tells me that after 
great effort upon the part of the flither and many political 
friends, this son has secured an appointment in the Naval 
School, which he will, probably, lose if he is not well enough 
to report by a certain d ly, not far distant. What a difference 
in tastes ! May no son of mine ever enter the army, or navy, 
as a business for life — especially since the lesson of the present 
war! Mr. P. is a good man, and is questioning whether the 
providences of God may not be interfering to shut out his son 
from the purpose in which he is so much interested. 

No. 2, having been entirely vacated, by the egress of the 
officers, the inmates of No. 7 (Daniels, Alexander, Porter, and 
Lucas), immediately left their old quarters, and took pos- 
session. They have greatly improved the room, by tearing 
away all the bunks on one side, still leaving berths for twelve 
persons. Alkire, and Jones have left their friends in No. 5, 
and seem more comfortable in No. 7. 

A person having hinted to me that some of our company 
would prefer the services to be confined to three evenings, 
instead of every evening in the week, I thought it best 
to test the matter, and instead of an exhortation, at worehip, 
talked to the company on this subject. Stated that I wished 
to do whatever was preferred, and assured the prisoners, 
that my only object was to maintain a sort of regular 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 127 

family worship, and to save souls. I requested them to take 
the sa! jeot into ton-ideration, and let me know their decision. 
Tibbets, eaj;er t ) have the thing settle;!, at one:', called for an 
expression of opinion, by rising — to which a prompt resj-onse 
was niiule, by the s'raultaneous rising of every man in attend- 
ance — only two or thrte (including the person who desired the 
alteration), bi'ing absint. Much fueling has been exhibited ; 
and I am urged to proceed as usual. 
Went to bed with a cold in my head. 

Thursday, 17th. — Got hold of a number of good tracts, 
publications of the Presbyterian Board, and of the American 
Tract So iety; and have endeavored to circulate tliem. 
Most of these were put into my hands, by Mr. Alexander, 
who received them from friends in Princeton. Among others, 
I found several copies of that swi^et hymn : 

"Just as I am, wilhout one plea." 

I handed it around the room, and requested the young men 
to commit it to memory, a-suring them, that they would never 
regret it, but ih.t it might some day aiT'ord peculiar comfort. 
As a present inducement, proposed to "treat " every man who 
would thus treasure and recite it to me personally. 

Who knows what good may come of this ? Why may it 
not save some soul ? 

I find, that there is a Methodist local preacher among the 
convicts, who has been holding nigiitly meetings for some two 
weeks p ist, and has been encouraged by excellent results. 
This man, whose name is Andrew Brauor, is from New York, 
and was sent to Fort Delaware, with some forty others of his 
regiment, for refusing to do service after the expiration of their 
Btipidated time. I heartily wish him God speed ! He is said 
to be a very exemplary person, and has the entire respect of 
the degraded men around him. 

Gave a sort of informal sermon, to-night, on the subject of 



128 . UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

Regeneration. Presented some views, which were evidently 
new, to a number of my congregation. All were respectful, 
and attentive ; but I saw that some were disposed to cavil. Re- 
turning to tlie Hall, before bed-time, found two or three young 
men, engaged in discussing several items of my discourse. A 
number of questions were proposed, and difficulties and objec- 
tions urged, which led to a prolonged conversation with S. and P. 
Talked with them, and others, until near midnight, endeavor- 
ing to cli ar away some mists, and pressed the doctrine of a 
radical change of heart, and the necessity of a personal interest 
in the blood of Christ. Urged them, to beware of a spirit of 
unbelief, and to come as little children, and learn of Christ. 
Tried to convince them, of their own impenitence and hardness 
of heart ; and left them, with an earnest desire for their eternal 
well-being. 

The improved moral tone, among our political prisoners, is 
more and more apparent. The card-playing is stopped — at 
least, for the present; loud swearing is seldom heard, and sev- 
eral have altogether relinquished the habit ; no liquor is intro- 
duced into the rooms, even by stealth, except for medicinal 
purposes ; fights, which I am told, were common before re- 
ligious services were commenced, have ceased altogether; and 
although the young men enjoy themselves occasionally, with 
necessary exercise, we have very little boisterous romping ; 
and, with veiy few exceptions, there is a constant attendance 
of all the company upon the evening, and Sabbath s-^rvices ; 
one man has been converted in his old age, and we have reason 
to believe is now in Heaven ; several backsliders have been 
reclaimed, and a number are evidently inquiring. For all this, 
God 1)2 jiraised I 

Eleven coffins on the wharf, this morning, for interment ; 
and the sickness apparently abating. 

Weather lowering, with strong indications of the equinoc- 
tial storm. 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOBITY. 129 

Friday, IStJi. — Could not sleep, until long after midnight, 
and felt reluctant to get up at the call for breakfast. Kept 
awake, by the noise of wind, and rain, and the expectation of 
an attempted escape of some of our number, who deferred the 
matter on account of the high wind, and strong current. 

Had an interview with Chaplains Way, and Bradford, in 
their own rooms. Found them courteous, and interested in 
their work. Mr. "Way loaned me a copy of Ely & Bedell's 
Collateral Bible, which I shall prize highly, on account of the 
large print. Mr. Bradford furnished me with a few good 
tracts, and we separated as brethren. 

Confined to the house, nearly all day, on account of the 
weather. Hain Incessant, and the tide higher than I have ever 
seen it before. Apprehensions are expressed of a general inun- 
dation of the Island. Spent most of the day in writing, for 
myself and others. 

AYclsh, Parker, and " Johnny Reb " have each committed 
the hymn, *'Just as I am," and have recited it perfectly. 
Others are trying, and will presently succeed. 

In consequence of the rough weather, the eight coffins ready- 
for interment, to-day, were left on the wharf, to be carried over 
the river, to-morrow. 

Expounded the 3d Chapter of 1st John, to attentive hearers; 
read a number of pages in Macaulay's Life of Wm. Pitt, and 
retired at about 9 o'clock. 

Saturday, 19^i. — Weather, this morning, very damp, and 
cool. Sixteen bodies on the wharf, for interment — eight hav- 
ing been left from yesterday, as stated above. 

At 10 o'clock, A. M., the steamer New York hauled up, in 
the vicinity of wharf No. 3, occasioning great joy to hundreds 
who are anticipating an exchange. Another large steamer ar- 
rived in the afternoon ; and, to-morrow, many of our brave 
boys hope to bid adieu to the miserable barracks, which will 
ever hereafter be associated in their minds with hunger, cold, 
sickness, and death. 
9 



130 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

Had an interview with Dr. AV, M. Cleaver, one of Mor- 
gan's physicians, who has been favore:! by Gen. Scboepf with 
extra quarters inside the Fort. Informed him of my old par- 
ishioners, the Cleavers of Delaware City. He thaught they 
might be relatives, and said he would like to get a parole to 
visit them. The Doctor, who is very much of a gentleman, is 
a resident of Lebanon, Ky., and an acquaintance of my old 
friend, Rev. G. W. Kennedy, who once preached at that place. 
He repudiates much of the conduct of Morgan's men, and 
thinks they did many disgraceful things in Indiana. He has 
applied for a parole, of a few Aveeks, to visit his sick family ; 
but has been refused by the authorities at Washington, al- 
though it is said his wife is an " unconditional Union woman." 

An instance of the manner in which our Island mail is 
watched, came to my knowledge, to-day, in the case of a young 
man from Pennsylvania. He had joined the Confederate army 
from principle, and is now a prisoner at the barracks. Plis 
friends, at home, wrote, urging him to take the oath, and re- 
turn to them immediately. He replied that he could not do 
so ; and that in case the South should fail, in this great con- 
test, he would go to Mexico, and join the French army. Gen. 
Schcepf sent for the young man, and asked him how he dared 
to send such a letter to the office. 

" I have only written my sentiments," he replied. 

" You are not to do any such thing," was the rejoinder ; 
" and if the off nee is repeated, I will put you in the cells ! " 

Oh Liberty ! Liberty ! 

We were very much surprised, to-night, by a visit from 
" Sergeant " Cunningham, who seemed to have no other object, 
but a talk on the subje; t of politics, and the state of the coun- 
try. I forbore, for some time, to take any part in the conver- 
sation — as many suggestions were advanced contrary to my tasta 
and feelings. When I could withhold no longer, he grew 
very positive, and dictatorial; and said things quite unbecoming 
his relationship to myself and companious as prisoners ; was very 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AtTTHORITY. 131 

pedantic, and Insuhing; and when I spoke plainly, in regard 
to the Lincoln administration; the comparative informalion 
of the people of the North and of the South, on political sub- 
jects; and the present attitude of affairs, he took advantage of 
his petty authority about the rooms, and presently h ft in a 
bad humor, and evidently with no pleasant impressions in re- 
gard to myself. I regretted this singular and unexpected ob- 
trusion, and went to bed anticipating trouble, as the result of 
my candor. 

Sabbath, 20th. — After breakfast, I walked out for a few 
moments, to get a farewell look at the noble fellows who 
were about to take the steamer, for Point Lookout. Seven 
hundred and fifty dirty, ragged, bare-footed or half-shod 
prisoners were standing in SLCtious of four, wilh blankets, 
canteens, and some other scanty equipments, waiting to ad- 
vance in companies of fifty, to go aboard the Osceola; and 
thence, to the larger steamer, for a journey, as they all hoped, 
to Dixie. Why they should go first to Point Lookout, no- 
body knew ; but it was understood, from reliable sources, that 
the movement was initiatory to an exchange at City Point. I 
desired to send a message to my friend. Rev. Thomas Ilume, 
of Richmond ; and succeeded in finding a Mr. Deane, for- 
merly of Portsmouth, who knows him well. Gave this 
gentleman my name on paper, and whispered my words in 
h's ear, charging him to remember , which he promised to do. 
Gave the brave fellows a few words of cheer, as I passed 
along the lines; and returned to my room, in time for 
morning service. 

My text this morning was i. John i. 9, " If we confess our 
sins, He is faithful a7id just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse 
us from all unrighteousness.'' Had the usual full attendance, 
and close attention to the Word preached. Less noise below 
stairs, than usual, and I preached rather too long. 

At night, made some impromptu remarks from Luke xv., 



132 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR 

*' I will arise and go to my Father" intending to impress the 
great importance of resolution, in renouncing sin, and return- 
ing to God. 

After the evening service, Cunningham came in and stated 
that he was marking; the roll in the rooms, instead of callln;j 
the names, as usual. I spoke to him politely, and asked him 
how he was. He replied, " Not in such a humor for debate 
as I was last night," and continued, "I feel a little mean over 
that business. It was not magnanimous in my position to 
talk to prisoners as I did." 

"I have no doubt," I replied, "that you and I, both, 
would have felt better if the conversation had not taken place." 

He assented ; and I gave him full credit, for the acknowl- 
edgment ; and thus we were both relieved, of a very unpleasant 
thing — he apprehending, perhaps, that he miglat be reported 
for obtruding himself upon the prisoners ; and I, that he might 
carry to the men in power, some news that would only serve 
to rivet our bonds the tighter. I cannot but think, however, 
that he was truly sorry, for his conduct, and intended, what- 
ever were his personal apprehensions, to make the amende 
honorable. 

Twenty-six bodies of Confederate prisoners were carried 
over to Jersey, this morning — one of them being that of a 
man who had attempted to escape, by swimming the river. 
He was washed ashore, with several canteens attached to his 
person. His eyes were eaten out, indicating that he had been 
drowned several days. 

Monday, 21st. — About two hundred and eighty galvanized 
men left, this morning, for jJ-irts unknown. They went off, 
on the Major Reybold, attempting to give three cheers as the 
steamer left the wharf; but it was a feeble attempt, and the 
band came to their relief, to the tune of " Hail Columbia." 
These men are intended for the cavalry service, and look well in 
their new uniforms ; but it is the general opinion that they are 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 133 

not to be trusted by their new masters for any efficient service. 
It is believed that many will desert on the first opportunity. 

The number of deaths reported, this morning, for the day 
previous, was twenty. Three of these perished, at the bar- 
racks, from sheer debility, and cold, on their way from their 
bunks to " the rear." The mortality is fearful, and not likely 
to decrease, unless some better arrangements are made for the 
supply of proper food, medicines, and attention. Very little 
difference is made, between sick and well men, in the article 
of diet, even at the hospitals, and none, at all, at the barracks. 
Soiled fresh beef, and a watery soup keep them with a con- 
stant diarrhoea. There are five or six hundred men in the 
hospitals — and room for no more. Many apply for admittance 
Avho are sent back to their quarters, where they have no beds, 
only a blanket or two, no regular nurses, and no night vessels 
for the sick. Dr. Fromberger, and our own Confederate phy- 
sicians, as they have opportunity, are kind and attentive ; but 
there is a strange scarcity of medicines, and prescriptions are 
not honored, one half the time. The hospital patients fare 
somewhat better ; but it is bad enough even with these, not- 
withstanding the fine airy rooms, and the presence of employed 
nurses. Dr. Foster has already relinquished his practice at 
the barracks for want of medicines ; and Dr. Marshall, who 
has one of the hospital wards, says he Avill have to do the same. 
For this miserable state of things, who is to blame? There is 
guilt somewhere. 

Found a young man at the Dispensary, this afternoon, who 
is a brother of Dr. Hilary Pitts, of Berlin, Maryland. Was 
astonished to find him in the Federal service, as the family 
are noted in Worcester for their Southern sympathies, and de- 
cided States Rights j)rinciples. He was once a member of the 
Purnell Legion, and has been at the Fort, only about two 
weeks. He gave me considerable intelligence from friends in 
Maryland. 

The weather continuing cool, an order came to put up our 



134 • UNITED STATES BONDS J OK 

stoves. We had notice in No. 6, in sufficient time, to secure 
one of the best belonging to our apartment, and I believe there 
was an intention to favor us ; but being a little dilatory, ^ve 
failed altogether, and may now have to wait for weeks, though 
all the other rooms are supplied. 

Hr.d a shorter service than usual, in tl »^ Hall ; and went 
to bed, at about half-past eleven, after writing several letters, 
not to " the loved ones at home," but to the members of my 
severed family, in Delaware and Maryland — and would gladly 
have written to those in Virginia, could I have been certain 
about the safe receipt of the letters. 

Had letters to-day from my wife, and daughter G. Both 
of them are much concerned about my imprisonment, and 
seem to be unusually despondent. My wife has made every 
effort to get a pass to vi^it tha Island ; but no attention has 
been paid to her aj^plications, either by Gen. Schoepf, or 
those above him in authority. This is the more surprising, 
as other ladies are coming, daily, to see their friends. 

Tuesday, 2'2d. — A row took jilace, last night, among the 
surgeons — several of them having imbibed rather freely. The 
worst of it is, that they have continued under the influence of 
the jolly god, all day. I saw two of them cutting up all sorts 
of antics, this afternoon, on the bank of the canal, and ex- 
pected, every moment, to see them tumble in ; but they suffered 
only several heavy falls, on the grass, and wallowed over, and 
over, like boys in a wrestling frolic. One of their number was 
too far gone to enjoy this sport, and laid, like a dead man, oa 
the ground, a few yards from the quarters. This spree has 
greatly mortified a majority of the medical corps; and I am told, 
that a written remonstrance has been prepared, to be handed 
to the bacchanalians as soon as they shall be sober enough 
to appreciate its import. These occurrences, which are becom- 
ing quite frequent, are making a bad impression, and giving 
the enemy a very suggestive argument, in relation to the habits 



DUEESS BY FEDEKAL AUTHOEITY. 135 

of our young men. Most of the surgeons, now confined at the 
Fort, are intelligent and high-minded men, repudiating the 
conduct of such of their number as indulge in these reckless 
habit-s. 

Dr. Marshall informed me, this morning, that Mr. T , 

the sick man from Kentucky, whom I had frequently visited 
at the tents, before his removal to the new hospital, — was ex- 
ceedingly anxious to see me. Having no permit to visit the 
new building, Dr. Arnot was appealed to, to know whether it 
would be allowe 1 ; but he could take no responsibility, and it 
was concludtd to submit the matter to Gen. Schropf, through 
Chaplain Way. Meeting Mr. Way a few moments afterward, 
he agreed to see the General and report to me to-morrow. Too 
bad, that so much hesitation and d.^ay should be necessary 
before a languishing patient can confer with a minister of his 
selecti(jn, in regard to the interests of his soul. 

Had a pleasant walk with Col. Waring, and rejoiced to 
learn, that he lias received encouraging letters in regard to h's 
release. Gen. Schoepf has granted him permission to visit the 
•' rebel cemeteiy," on the Jersey side of the river ; a })rivilegc 
which will afford him an opportunity to be useful, in seeiiig 
that the poor men are properly interred, as well as aiford him a 
pleasant variety of recreation and exercise. The old gentle- 
man is quite a favorite, on the Island, with both Yankees and 
rebels. His social habits, gentlemanly bearing, with his known 
wealth, and great suffering at the hands of the Federal Gov- 
ernment, all contribute to secure respect and friendship. Like 
mys.'lf, however, he docs not care to come, too frequently, in 
contact with the officials, — though they seem to seek his com- 
panionship, and Dr. SilHman, and certain lieutenants have 
secured him as a partner in their mess. The Colonel appears 
to be a devout Christian. He Is a close reader of the Bible 
and prayer-book, and is not ashamed at the hour of prayer to 
kneel in the presence of others. 

Met, this afternoon, a young man named Sloan, who luiiL 



136 UNITED STATES BONDS ! OR 

from Texas, and is a prisoner at the barracks. Introducing a 
conversation, he soon informed me, that he was thinking of 
joining the Yankees, and remaining at the North. In reply 
to an inquiry as to his motives in doing so, he said that he 
was a native of Ohio; that his parents were dead, and he had 
no interests at the South. I found, however, that he had been 
in thirteen battles; had suffered much from wounds and im- 
prisonment; and that he was hoping, by the change, to be re- 
leased from the war, and thus relieved from further trouble. 
I advised him, as to the folly of his intended course; showed 
him that he would not better his situation, among the Yan- 
kees ; and that his scars, which after the war might be a power, 
and promotion to him at the South, must be entirely lost ; and 
that after all, he must die a "turn-coat," and uncared for, either 
by Federals, or Confederates. He appeared to be impressed by 
these suggestions ; and left with a pledge that he would stick 
to the South. 

The newspapers of to-day, give us great encouragement in 
regard to affairs at the South. Even the Philadelphia In- 
quirer (so noted for perversion and mendacity), is obliged to 
admit singular reverses, and a great slaughter in Northern 
Georgia. The details are meagre ; but sufficient are given to 
show the tide of events — and a new spirit has been infused 
into our worn-out prisoners, inside of the Fort. 

Fourteen deaths were reported this morning, and I learn 
that there are twenty-six cases of small-pox in the hospitals 
assigned to this class of patients. 

Wednesday, 23c?. — Spent about three hours, this morning, 
with a doubting Christian, in conversation on certain doctrinal 
points of great interest. In order to present my views on 
these subjects (which he had been desiring for days to hear), I 
omitted my usual walk, and entered upon the talk, not with a 
view to discussion, but to answer questions, and to bring out 
the truth. The time, I trust, was well spent, as there was no 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 137 

disposition to cavil, and the conference was conducted in the 
best spirit. The conversation elicited the fact that this good 
man was not satisfied as to the plenary inspiration of the 
Scriptures, and was discriminating, very positively, between 
the teachings of the gospels, and the epistles. Under the 
impression that the New Testament writers had given to the 
world a fallible record, he seemed to be unwilling to take their 
testimony in regard to any doctrines not specifically referred 
to, by our Saviour. He admitted the force of a number 
of propositions which had never before occurred to him; 
and appeared to be better satisfied with some of those " hard 
things " which Peter said his beloved brother, Paul, had 
written, and " which they that are unlearned, and unstable do 
wrest, as they also do the other Scriptures, to their own 
destruction." 

Chaplain Way called to inform me, that he had obtained 
an interview with the General, in relation to my visiting the 
hospitals, and that he had consented to allow me the privi- 
lege. Mr. Way said, that the matter was freely discussed, at 
the house of the Commandant last night, and that consider- 
able hesitation was manifested, partly, because he did not see 
the necessity of the thing, and partly, because he had under- 
stood that I had been praying for the Rebel Confederacy, 
Mr. Way told him, that I had preached upward of sixty 
sermons, long and short, during my imprisonment ; and that 
according to my own testimony, I had never once introduced 
the subject of politics. What else was said, I know not, ex- 
cept that the Chaplain assured the General, that it was a matter 
of no consequence to him personally, whether I was permitted 
to go to the hospital or not, and that he only suggested it, 
because there was much to do, and the men wanted me. In 
presenting this plea, the name of Mr. Frierson was also men- 
tioned, and a request presented in his behalf. It was abortive 
so far as my good brother was concerned, but said the General, 
"take Handy, and go." 



138 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

Accompanied Mr. Way to the hospital, and had a long in- 
terview with T . Found h'ni deeply convicted of s!n, 

truly penitent, and faintly hoping in the mercy of God. It- 
appeared to be a matter of poignant regret, that he had de- 
ferred the interests of the soul, to so late a period. He said 
no more about Masonic religion, manifested much intere:?t in 
the conversation, and entered earnestly into the spirit of the 
prayer, which "was made by his bed-side. His prayer-book, 
and a little volume, which I had given him, were lying closely 
by him ; and it was evident, that his "whole mind was deeply 
exercised about his eternal interests. I think he has made his 
peace with God. 

After leaving poor T , my eye f. 11 upon two intelligent 

looking young men, lying near together — one from Mississippi, 
and the other from Kentucky. I turned toward them, and 
had a. pleasant talk, especially with the Kentuckian, who ad- 
mitted, that his mind had often been concerned on the subject 
of religion, and that, at one time, he had spent about two 
months, in seeking the salvation of his soul. Finding him 
rather disposed to excuse himself, and throw the blame upon 
the Almighty, I tried to show him his great error; and pressed 
the importance of persevering effort, at the foot of the Cross. 
Being rather unwell, I now returned to my quarters. 

An unpleasant affray took place, this morning, between 

S and T , which resulted in blows. The occasion of 

the quarrel was an order from T , wlio hns lately been 

superintending the " Privy Corps," directing S ■ fo take 

his turn in the daily routine. The latter objected, hard words 

ensued, and S struck T twice. Both were guilty; 

and I think both regret the occurrence. It was an unfortunate 
affair ; and I regret it the more, as it is the first thing of the kind 
that has occurred in our apartment since my imprisonment. 

Several of our company are quite sick. Alexander, Porter, 
Parker, and "Williams, arc all complalrxing of ill-health. 

The Baltimore American gives a detailed account of the 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 139 

battle of Sabine Pass — two gun-boats destroyed ; upwards of 
100 sharpshooters captured — besides many other prisoners ; 
and a very important expedition completely broken up. All 
. greatly encouraged. 

jihw^sday, 2Aih. — Spent the entire forenoon at the lios- 
pital ; and conversed, and prayed with a number of poor fel- 
lows, who were evivlently delighted with the oj)portunity of 
joining in prayer, and consulting with a minister from the 

South. T expressed himself more fully, and decidedly 

in regard to his state ; and though he evidently desired, if it 
were God's will, to live longer, he said if he must die, he would 
like to go at once. Ho shed tears, and responded earnestly, as 
I prayed at his bed-side. Before I left the ward, he received 
a box from his friends, which cheered him much ; and though 
he could not eat anything, he was delighted to have others 
around him partake of the treat. He requested me, should he 
die, to have his grave correctly marked, so that friends could 
find his body ; and asked me to write to his sister, whose ad- 
dress he gave me. 

I found a man from Northwestern Virginia, who had been 
suffering a full year, or more, with chronic diarrhoea, and who 
is gradually wasting away. He informed me, that he had 
been a professor of religion, but had been led off, and that he 
Avas a great sinner. He wept bitterly during my conversation 
with him, and entered into the spirit of the prayer. The sym- 
pathy, and encouragement Avhich I tried to give him, appeared 
to help him, wondex'fully ; and he cordially invited me to visit 
him again. 

A Mr. K , from North Carolina, gave me an interest- 
ing testimony in regard to himself. He said, he was not a 
Christian, but wanted to be. He had, frequently, been sick, 
and had always during his illness promised himself to do 
better, when he got well ; but he had invariably forgotten, or 
neglected his promises, on the return of health. He now felt, 



140 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

deeply, the importance of a change of heart, and desired the 
blessing cf God. Covering his head with a handkerchief, he 
joined, heartily, in a prayer, and requested me to come and see 
him again. 

Had another talk, with the two young men from Missis- 
sippi, and Kentucky, who are lying not far apart. They were 
well enough, to converse on general subjects ; but took pleasure 
in hearing some suggestions about personal religion. The 
Kentuckian introduced a question relative to the introduction 
of sin into the world ; and asked my views, which I briefly 
stated, with the advice, to indulge little in speculations, at least 
until the great matter of his individual interest in Christ was 
settled. He took the hint, kindly ; and both of the young 
men urged me to continue my visits. The Mississippian 
wished me to bring him something suitable for a convalescent 
to eat. 

The most affecting case, that came under my observation, 
to-day, was that of a rough, but honest-hearted Mississippian, 
who was suffering from fever, and was evidently apprehensive 
of the result. I think he said, he had once been a professor 
of religion, but had relapsed into grievous sin. Adapting the 
conversation to the case, he heard every word with eager atten- 
tion, and, as I thought, joined with me in the prayer; but, at 
the close, he said : "Mister, I didn't feel it. What do you 
think is the matter ? I'm afraid I'm fooled ! I'm afraid I'm 
fooled ! " How did my heart yearn towards this man ; anxious, 
yet mourning over his hardness of heart and fearing he had 
been deceived. 

On my way to the hospital, this morning, met with Rev. Mr. 
Stanley, formerly of Elizabeth City County, Va., but now of 
Prince George County, Maryland, who, in company with his 
wife and daughter, was hunting up his sick son. This young 
man is a member of the First Maryland (Confederate) Cavalry. 
In the afternoon, I found the same gentleman leaving the 
Island for the night — the ladies remaining with the sick son, 
and brother. 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 141 

Gen. Schoepf, noticing Col. Waring, in conversation with 
Mr. Stanley, who was an old acquainlauce, called him aside, 
and requested him to be less familiar with visitors ; and re- 
minded him, that he should be satisfied, to pass at will on the 
Island. There was no unkindness in the manner of the Gen- 
eral on this occasion ; but the incident shows, how cautious 
even a commanding officer must be, lest he incur the displeas- 
ure of higher authorities. 

The lager-beer saloon is doing a large business. Crowds, 
of from fifty to one hundred, are always hanging about the door, 
waiting, each man his turn, for a drink. A sort of bar is 
fixed up, in front of the building, with a space large enough 
to admit only one or two persons at a time — all passing in 
one way, and going out another. The soldiers having been, 
lately, paid off, much of the money goes into the hands of the 
liquor-seller ; and, thus, whilst he is enricliing himself, drunk- 
ards are staggering about the Island, in every direction. 

All money coming to the Fort, for prisoners, passes into 
the hands of the commanding officer ; who doles it out, at 
will, to the needy owner. In sutler^s checks, which can only be 
expended at the window of that voracious vender. Dr. Smith, 
a surgeon attached to the Morgan Corps, recently had fifty 
dollars sent him, which were offered to him, according to 
this arrangement. He declined to accept the checks, and 
told the General, he could keep the money, if he didn't 
choose to let him have it. He was subsequently sent for, 
and allowed to purchase clothing in Philadelphia, provided 
it were done through the sutler. What shall we think of 
the men whose principles of patriotism are so nearly connected 
with the condition of their purses I ^ 

Samuel Cleaver, of Port Penn, visited the Island, this 
morning, to see his namesake. Dr. Cleaver, who had dropped 

1 Was informed by the Rev. Dr. Van Dyke, some time after my release, 
that fifty dollars were sent to me by Wm. s. Hearn, Esq., of Brooklyn, who 
had been one of my early parishioners. The money never came into my 
hands. 



142 TJNITED STATES BONDS) OR 

a fcM' lines of inquiry about relationship. They spent most 
of the forenoon together, and seemed to be enjoying the in- 
terview when I met the;n perambulating the "pea-patch." 
Had some minutes' conversation, with my old parishioner, 
and left him with a promise to see me at my room before his 
return to Delaware City. He failed, however, to do so, in 
consequence of some difficulty about the necessary permit. 

Fourteen bodies were coffined for Interment, to-day. The 
number of deaths, however^ was sixteen — two having been 
left for post mortem examination. As soon as the person dies 
he is carried to the dead-house; and sometimes, when the 
number is large, the bodies are piled up In a state of nudity, 
and every man is, put into his coffin, as naked as at the mo- 
ment of birth. Is not this a species of barbarism ? 

Friday, 26fh. — In consequence of some opposition ex- 
pressed by the gentlemen of our room, did not visit the hos- 
pital, to-day. They are afraid I may come in contact with 
small-pox, and bring it Inside the Fort. I M'ish to do what 
is right, for my own sake, as well as for theirs. I must 
think of tho matter, and act wisely. 

Tl)e number of interments, to-day, was fourteen — a fre- 
quent number during this month. The sickness, however, is 
thought to be rather on the wane. Two small-pox cases 
were taken from the barracks, this morning ; and there are 
now, twenty-five men ill with the disease, but, so far, it has 
not proved very fatal. Dr. Woolsey, who has had the disease, 
is the jihysician in charge of this ward. 

H".d a very polite inquiry from the General, this morn- 
ing, in regard to my health, as he passed me. In my morning 
walk. A small matter — but worth something; and I am 
willing to give It Its due value, as to good Intentions, and 
kind feeling. 

Capt. Ball, who is the general news-collector for our apart- 
ment, came this morning loaded down with good tidings, 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 143 

about the doings of our brave troops in the vicinity of Chat- 
tanooga, and Knoxville. The title appears to be turning; and 
I trust, God has good things yet in store, for the South. 
Everybody sei'ms to be encouraged; and I sincerely hope 
tliese providences may receive a grateful acknowledgment, 
from all our people. 

The frolicking surgeons are on the stool of repentance. 
Several of them say they will never drink a droj), again. 
One of them came so near being shot by a sentinel ; and 
another having been near death, from the poison of the liquor, 
they begin to reflect with shame. 

Have felt unusually anxious, and restless, to-day, about 
my release. Am willing to stay here, just so long as God 
shall choose to order it, and give me a field of usefulness ; 
but, I feel deeply concerned for my scattered, and dependant 
family. The providences of God have been distinctly marked 
in all that pertains to my present troubles ; and I would not 
have h:.d them otherwise. Yet I would like to see the loved 
ones at home, and to be permitted, once more, to take the over- 
sight of their comfort and support; and to guide them as 
heretofore, with God's blessing, in temporal and spiritual 
things. 

Saturday, 2Qth. — Wc have had quite an excitement, occa- 
sioned by the removal of a second lot of prisoners to Point 
Lookout. About seven hundred and sixty men got off: all 
in fu'l hope of a speedy exchange. They were mostly Cham- 
pion Hill men; but among them, were many Marylanders, 
who had been captured at Gettysburg. The whole crowd 
were ordered out, early in the morning, and were in exjDccta- 
tion of immediately embarking, when they were, suddenly, 
remanded to their old quarters, until the steamer could go 
to Wihulngton for water. In the atlternoon, the boat returned, 
and before night, was speeding down the bay. 

It was amusing, and provoking, to notice the movements 



144 "UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

of the Yankees, before tlie departure of the steamer. Two 
clerks sat by a table, at the head of the wharf; and every 
man's name was called, in the presence of Capt. Ahl, Com- 
missary of Prisoners, certain other officers, and a guard of 
several men. Each man, as he responded to the call of his 
name, hurried on to the boat, carrying a box, bundle, carpet- 
bag, and other accoutrements, less or more. Sometimes there 
was no response to the name called; at another time, an 
answer would be given, under susj)icious circumstances, and 
several men were turned back, who were, evidently, moving 
off under "false pretences." It is known, however, that 
many shrewd fellows " flanked," taking the places of absen- 
tees, or more criminally substituted themselves for others who 
could not hear, or were not quick enough in coming up to 
the stand. 

The business of bringing up the regiments, was assigned 
to a comical, stiff-legged, swaggering Yankee convict, who 
carried a club, and magnified his office as commandant, pocket 
searcher, and general blusterer. At a distance of from twenty 
to fifty yards, he would elevate his stick ; hasten down to 
the squads ; and bring them in place, to the singular order, 
" Hack out — hack out there ! " Then he would hurry down 
the line, rear and front, hunting for tin cups, knives and 
forks, and such other booty as the needy " rebs " had stowed 
away, f )r present use. He succeeded in getting quite a pile 
of those articles ; but failed to secure many more, which were 
cunningly passed from one to another as the search proceeded. 
The grotesque appearance of this red-striped. Impudent Down- 
Easter, as he hopped over the ground, with somewhat less 
celerity than he once ran from rebel muskets, ordering, and 
driving gentlemen, whom in ordinary times he would have 
tl;anked for a job of horse cleaning, was ludicrous, yet hu- 
miliating, and jirovoklng in the extreme. Instead of assign- 
ing an officer to the business of forming and advancing the 
regiments — this ill-bred fellow was substituted, as though ex- 



li 03 

> 

1-3 

o 



ii£ 



X 

} 2 




DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 145 

pressly to insult and degrade our noble and care-worn veterans. 
At the barracks, where he occupies a sort of police post, he is 
known only by the nick-name of" Hack-out." His treatment 
of prisoners is said to be intolerable, as he goes to and fro, 
knocking, with his club, any who may be so bold as to make 
the least resistance to his imperative commands. 

Some cf the best mind and blood of the South went off, to- 
day, clothed in rags and dirt; and many poor fellows were 
entirely barefooted. I saw one, whom I knew, personally, to 
have several thousand dollars about hira ; and yet he would 
have been as little likely, as any other, to be selected by one 
ignorant of the faet, as a man of wealth. He stood in the ranks 
like all the rest, in his coarse, and half-worn homespun ; and 
was only distinguished from them by an old-fashioned swallow- 
tailed coat, and a huge tin bucket, which he carried in his 
hand. 

Mr. John McD. Alexander, who was taken from the bar- 
racks, several weeks ago, and sent to our apartment as a Con- 
federate Major (and who after it was ascertained that he was 
not an officer, was allowed to remain with us), went off with 
his regiment, though suffering with jaundice, anel very much 
out of order for such a trip. His was the last name called, of 
the seven hundred and sixty. He promised, as did, also, sev- 
eral other acquaintances, shoulel they get to Richmond, to see 
various friends there, for me; anel to urge their influence to- 
wards effecting an early exchange for some political prisoner, 
at the South. I have sent word, especially, to Rev. Drs. 
Read, and Hoge, and to Major Charles Ball, and J. R. 
Tucker, Esq. 

I have not visited the hospital, to-day, in consequence of the 
fear existing in the minds of some of my fd low-prisoners, in 
regard to the bringing of small-pox into the aj)artment. In 
the course of the afternoon, however, j\Ir. "Way brought me a 
permit, regularly made out, as follows : 
10 



146 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

" Pass Rev. Mr. Handy in the hospitals at Avilh 

A. ScHCEPF, Brig.-Gen. 
"This pass is to give the sick an opportunity to get spirit- 
ual advice. A. JSchcepf, Brig. -Gen." 

This pass has put rather a different pliase on my position; 
and I shall now have to think a little more, about what maybe 
my duty. A wide field of usefulness is opened up; I seem, 
too, to be invited to occupy it, at once, as Mr. Paddock is 
absent from the Fort, nnd Mr. Way is going to leave, tem- 
porarily, to-morrow. I would do my duty, and rejoice in 
the privilege. 

Only j?ue deaths were reported, to-day. 

Sabbath, 27ih. — After breakfast, sought an interview with 
Mr. Frierson; walked with hira to the hospital — having re- 
quested Mr. Belt to take my place in the usual Sabbath morn- 
ing services, by reading a sermon and taking the lead in the 
lesson and singing. We were just beginning to take the rounds 
in No. 4, when Ilev. Mr. Paddock came in, and requested us 
to return with him, to his quarters, to see the Rev. Dr. Hall, 
who was visiting the Island, as a Commissioner from the San- 
itary Association of New York. After an introduction, and 
some general conversation, arrangements were made for preach- 
ing in all of the twelve wards, by Llessrs. Hall, Bradford, 
Frierson, and myself. AVe returned immediately, and went to 
work, — Mr. Frierson and myself going together. I com- 
menced the services, by a short sermon, in No. 4 ; he followed 
in No. 3, and I continued in No. 6, which, with the reading, 
and personal conversation, occupit d us until ] 2 o'clock. In 
each ward, I publicly, and distinctly, announced the fact, that 
we were Southern ministers, and prisoners ; and that having 
been allowed to visit the hospitals, we had come in to sympa- 
thize, and advise with the sick, on religious subjects. I re- 
quested them to call upon us, as they had need, as from time 
to time we should pass through the hospitals. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 147 

It was interesting, to notice how anxious all were, to catch 
every word of the plain, short sermons, and to hear such Scrip- 
tures as we had selected, for their comfort and encouragement. 
It being now about dinner-time, we resolved to altend to the 
remaining wards, in the afternoon. In this purpose, however, 
we were frustrated, by an unexpected action on the part of our 
associates in prison. 

After dinner, it was formally announced to me, by Messrs. 
Belt, and Shreve, that the company bad considered the pro- 
priety of my continuing to visit the hospitals ; and were unani- 
mously of opinion, that I ought not to do so, during the pre- 
valence; of the small-pox. It would not do to rush directly in 
the face of this decided expression ; and I had nothing left me, 
but to confer with Mr. Frierson, and agree with him as to our 
future course. Several of the surgeons, with whom he is mess- 
ing, having cxpre:-sed the same feeling, it was, at once, agreed 
to withhold our visits, until Providence should give us further 
light. We, both, felt it to be a great trial; but have no 
doubt, that God will turn the disappointment to some good 
account. 

On aj preaching the hospital porch, this morning, the very 
first sick m^in we saw, was just coming out of the door, 
with the Icathsome small-pox upon him ; and was being di- 
rected to the ward assigned to the victims of that fell disease. 
I learned, also, in a few moments afterward, that young 
Brownley, of Portsmouth, had been taken to the same ward, 
but a short time before. A few days ago, I visited him, knelt 
by his bed-side, and have a distinct recollection of catching his 
breath, as he lay in a state of fever. Under the circumstances, 
I thought it best to be vaccinated without delay ; and Mr. 
Frierson, with several of his medical room-mates, submitted 
to the same operation — which was performed by Dr. Smith, a 
very modest and pleasant young physician, from Farmville, 
Va. He also accommodated several of our political prisoners, 
in the same manner. 



148 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

The number of small-pox cases has now reached about 
forty. Several of the patients have been taken immediately 
from the barracks ; and others have not been discovered, until 
they have been several days in the hospital. It has not yet 
assumed the confluent form ; and the number of deaths have 
been comparatively few. Vaccination is doing its accustomed 
good work. I cannot think the disease will become very pre- 
valent. Drs. Smith, and Morgan, Confederate physicians, have 
lately vaccinated about 1,200 "rebels," 

I am told that Mr. Belt did his part well, in conducting 
the morning service. Though not accustomed to appear, thus, 
in public, he not only read the sermon, hymn, and chapter ; 
but, f )r the first time in his life, led in jjublic prayer. He 
appeared deeply to feel his responsibility, as the only pro- 
fessor of religion in our company; and, I think, this will be 
the bey;innino; of a new life for him. 

Preached a desultory discourse, to-night, on the subject of 
Prayer; repeating at the commencement, a number of familiar 
and appropriate Scriptures, as a sort of foundation. Did not 
succeed as well as I had hoped — though the attention seemed 
to be good. I think several Yankees were listening on tlie 
stairs. 

Dr. Goode, one of the Confederate surgeons, who has been 
absent on parole for fourteen days, returned, this evening. 

Monday, 2^th. — A dull day; and I have been suffering 
considerably, with headache. Confinement does not suit me; 
I long to breathe the air of liberty, once more. To be thus 
circumscribed is contrary to nature, impairs health, and de- 
"bases the n-.ind. I had once hoped to do something in the 
way of studying and writing ; but, now, find it impossible. 
Some of our number make out to " kill time," by reading 
novels, but T have no taste for sucli trash, under any circum- 
stunccs. Others are always busy, working on gutta-percha, 
sawing bones, or contriving prison comforts. It is wonderful, 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 149 

indeed, to see what they accomplish, in this way, and how 
contented many of them seem to be, in the midst of their 
labors. My friend, Mr. Belt (Cousin Campbell, as he is 
familiarly called), is at the head of our artists, and enjoys 
himself, very much, in this way. Among other things, he 
has constructed a writing-desk for myself, which attached to 
the wall may be raised or lowered by means of a prop, aiford- 
ing me great comfort, in scribbling these notes, or writing 
letters to my family, and friends. 

A new-comer made his appearance, to-day, in the person 
of Dr. McKnown, a dentist, of Smyrna, Delaware. I find he 
is a native of Massachusetts, but a " Copperhead " of the 
straitest sect. He " goes in for the South, tooth and toe 
nail." 

Nine bodies buried to-day. 

Tuesday, 29{h. — A Make long before day — and no more 
sleep afterward. Got up feeling quite unwell, and continued 
out of order all day. Felt low-spirited, and longed to be with 
my family. 

Mr. Way returned from Wilmington, after a temporary 
absence. Informs me that he had an interview with D. M. 
Bates, Esq., who says, he will see Gen. Tyler, about sending 
me South, after a short parole to see my family, in Delaware. 
Thinks, I ought to be satisfied Avith going South, without the 
parole — which I certainly shall be, if nothing better can be 
done. It would be a great trial, however, to be debarred an 
interview with my wife and little ones. 

Received a very unexpected invitation, this morning, from 
a private in Capt. Ahl's battery, to preach to the company, 
to-night, at their quarters. Ascertaining that the officers not 
only assented, but desired it, I agreed to do so. Was ready 
at the hour; but upon recollecting, that ray pass only allowed 
me to be out until eight o'clock, thought best to postpone the 
matter until Gen. Schoepf could be consulted, and an arrange- 



150 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

ment made which would be more in accordance with official 
orders. Regretted the disappointment to the men ; but prom- 
ised to be ready for them, as soon as they should open the 
way. 

An unj)leasant, and rather undignified affair occurred to- 
day, between Gen. Schoepf, and Capt. M , of the Purnell 

Legion. The latter officer has been under arrest, for some 
weeks past, for insulting a lady ; and the General has been the 
principal witness against him. M has, consequently, per- 
sistently refused to recognize his superior officer, even when 
first spoken to by him. To-day, the General met him and 

raised his hat — to which salute M made no rejily. The 

General, indignant, immediately put his hand on the offender's 
head, and threw his hat to the ground. M , incensed, re- 
turned the insult, by knocking off the hat of the General. 
The result was, that the inferior officer had to go to the cells. 

Schoepf is not justified by popular sentiment; whilst ^I . 

is condemned as a low vagabond, not only for insulting the 
lady referred to, but for an attempt, at another time, upon a 
deaf and dumb child — the daughter of a sergeant on the 
Island. 

An oyster-house and refectory was opened, to-day, for the 
first time, for the accommodation of the multitude who may 
not be satisfied with public fare, and for strangers visiting 
their friends on the Island. This will be a great convenience 
to sohliers and prisoners and will put dollars into the pockets 
of somebody else. 

Ten bodies interred to-day. 

Wednesday, ^Oth. — Was introduced, this morning, to the 
Rev. Dr. Samuel J. Baird, of New Jersey, author of the 
Elohim Revealedy who visited the Island to look after the 
comfort of his nephew, a Mr. Kyle, of Mississippi. He 
found the young man at the barracks, bare-footed and shabby 
enough. Was invited, by Mr. Way, to join the Doctor at 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 151 

dinner; did not do so; but called with Mr. Frierson, 
who was acquainted with Rev. E. Thompson Baird, brother 
of the guest. The Doctor is a member of the Christian Com- 
mission, and a very modest and agreeable person. Enjoyed 
the interview, and was gratified with the opportunity of 
making his acquaintance. 

Noticed about one hundred " Rebels," perhaps more, drawn 
up in double ranks, receiving slioes, and stockings, at a store- 
house, from the hands of Gen. Schoepf, Capt. Ahl, and Provost- 
Marshal Hawkins. I presume these men have all been " gal- 
vanized ; " as I saw about as many, some hours after, with 
new Yankee uniforms, marched down to the river, to be 
scoured off, preparatory to an early exit from the Fort. 

The Nashville returned this afternoon, with the officers and 
men, who lately escorted our Confederates to Point Lookout. 
Saw Capt. Multowski, who had charge of the prisoners; but 
obtained no news concerning their prospects. 

Dr. Haynie, one of Morgan's surgeons, has lately put forth 
the following effusion — which is worth transcribing as a speci- 
men of our Island poetry, and for the important local history 
involved : 

LINES. 

Oh, here we are confined, at Fort Delaware, 
With nothing to driuk but a little lager beer; 
Infested by vermin, as much as we can bear — 
Oh, Jeff, can't you help us get away from here? 

And it's home, dearest home, tlie place I ought to be ; 

Home, sweet home, 'way down in Tennessee! 

Where the ash and the oak and the bonnie willow-tree 

Are all growing green, 'way down in Tennessee. 

Oh, take off my fetters, and let me be free 
To roam o'er ihe mouutaius ot'old Tennessee; 
To bathe in her waters, and breathe her balmy air, 
And look on her daughters, so lovely and fair. 
And it's home, &c. 

Spoiled beef and bad soup is our ''aily fare, 
And lo complain is mor« than any dare. 
They will "buck" us, and ' gaL";" us, and cast us in a cell, 
There to bear the anguish and tortures of hell. 
And it's home, &c. 



152 UNITED STATES BONDS j OK 

The room for eating is anything but clean, 
The filth upon the benches is plainly to be seen; 
The smell of pulienicliou rises on the air, 
To fill out and refill our bill of fare. 
And it's liome, &c. 

The sick are "well treated, the Southern doctors say • 
The losses by deatli are scarcely four per day — 
It's diarrhoea mixture for scurvy and small-pox, 
And every other disease of Pandora's box. 
And it's home, &c. 

Oh, look at the graveyard on the Jersey shore. 
At the hundreds Avho ne'er will return more. 
Oh, could they come back again to testify 
Against the lying devils who lived to see them die ! 
And it's iiome, &c. 

Our kindness to prisoners you can't deny; 
It's no Dutch falsehood, nor a Yankee trick — 
We have the proof on hand, on which you may rely. 
From Southern surgeons who daily see the sick. 
And it's liouie, &c. 

Oh, speak out, young soldiers, and let your country hear 
All about your treatment at Fort Delaware — 

How they worked you in the wagons, when weary and sad, 

With only half rations, when i>leuty they had. 
And it's home, &c. 

Then cheer up, brave boys, our country shall be free; 
Our battles will be fought by the brave Gen. Lee — 
The Yankees will fly, in trembling and fear, 
And we'll return to our wives and sweethearts dear. 
And it's home, &c. 

We have news, by the grape-vine telegraph, of the defeat 
of Burnside, at Knoxville, and of a second rout of Rosecrans, 
more disastrous tlian Chickamauga. 

Only six coffins interred to-day. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 153 

V. 

October. 

Thursday, \st. — Whilst passing the wharf, this morning, 
heard some one call my name ; and turning, noticed a gentle- 
man, and two ladies sitting in a small boat, awaiting permis- 
sion to come ashore. I hurried across to the boat, and found 
Mrs. Benjamin Smith, of Baltimore, her daughter, and a Mr. 
Hudson, of Kentucky. Introducing themselves, I found the 
ladies tlie same who had visited the island some weeks ago ; 
and that they had, probably, at that time learned who I was, — 
though I did not make their acquaintance. They were in 
great trouble, about getting to see a son and brother — Mr. S. 
C. Smith, a private in the 7th Virginia Infantry. Finding 
that they had some knowledge of Capt. Ball and Mr. Belt, 
(for whom they inquired), I hurried oif to bring the Captain, 
who had a parole of the Island ; and after considerable running 
and hunting, succeeded in getting him to the wharf. The 
morning was foggy and damp ; and the ladies sat for more 
than an hour, anxiously waiting, until they could get a permit 
to land. The sentinel refused to send word to Gen. Schoepf, 
or any other officer, or iven to take a letter, or in any manner 
to give information tliat they were in waiting. Capt. Ball 
hastened to Capt. Ahl, and in the meantime, Dr. Fromberger 
came with a permit for Mr. Hudson ; but informed the ladies, 
that he had no authority in regard to thtm. Ilajipening to be 
acquainted with Mrs. Smith, he told her that her son had loft 
for Point Lookout, on last Saturday, with the 750 who went 
off at that time. They were thus disappointed, and went back 
to Delaware City, with various stores intended partly for him, 
and partly for the sick at the hospital. 

On leaving the wharf, with Capt. Ball, the sentinel com- 
plained, insolently, that we had interfered to serve the ladies; 



154 UNITED STATES BONDS) OE 

wished US to know, that Ae had charge of the wharf; demanded 
of Capt. Ball, if he had not ordered him not to go after Capt. 
Ahl ; and stated it was on account of tho-e very ladies, that 
the order had been given to permit no more landing of females, 
without passes, either from the Commandant of the Fort, or 
from the Secretary of War. Thus these people refuse common 
civilities, to ladies, visiting sick relatives in prison; and insult 
other persons, who would supply their lack of decency and 
good breeding. 

Saw a poor fellow undergoing a heathenish torture, by the 
suspension of his arms above his head, — his hands being tied 
with a rope, and the rope fastened to the limb of a tree, — thus 
stretching his person to its full length, with no ability to rest 
hims If, even for a moment. The man proved to be one of 
the lately " galvanized rebels," who had been furnished with 
a Yankee uniform, which he chose to sell for two dollars. The 
presumption is, that he had become ashamed of his tergiversa- 
tion ; and hoping to sneak out of the error, sold the clothes, at 
a discount, for the sake of a little ready cash, to buy a few 
comforts. Guilty the man, no doubt; but how much less 
guilty is the officer, who without a law designating the mode, 
chooses to gratify his own love of torture, by inflicting a pun- 
ishment so inhuman, and so degrading? The miserable vic- 
tim in this case, was hung up at the foot of wharf No. 4, which 
is one of the most public places on the Island ; and exposed 
to a near view of the many who cross the bridge at that point. 
Truly, " man's worst enemy is man." 

About two hundred galvanized men left the Island, on the 
steamer Osceola, probably to be reshipped at Delaware City 
on the Ericsson boat, for Baltimore. These are the same fel- 
lows (or most of them) who took the oath and were rigged up, 
yesterday, for the United States service. It is really question- 
able, whether these last are more to be pitied or blamed. A 
panic seized upon many, at the barracks, on account of the ter- 
rible mortality now prevailing; and a report which is in- 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 155 

dustriously circulated, that the President of the Confederate 
States feels no interest in the men now imprisoned at Fort 
Delaware — regarding them as a cowardly set, and not expect- 
ing an early exchange, tliey claim that this is the only hope left 
them of saving their lives, I feel for them, in this dilemma; 
and scarcely wonder, that weak-minded and frightened as many 
of them are, they should so decide. 

The number of interments, to-day, was fifteen — an increase 
of nine since yesterday. The average through the month just 
closed, I think, has been about thirteen per day. During the 
yellow fever, at Portsmouth, when some twelve or fifteen Avere 
dying daily, we thought the mortality fearful. The number 
never exceeded thirty; and one day of last month we had 
twenty-six at the Fort. 

Friday, 2d. — Saw a lady and two gentlemen, who came to 
the wharf, this morning, in a small boat (hoping to see some 
friend), turned back to Delaware City. These instances seem 
of almost daily occurrence. Only the favored ones, or such as 
come ostensibly, or really, with the purpose of persuading the 
young men to take the oath, are allowed to land. Those who 
come from the North, have little difficulty in getting passes, 
but those who come from the "loyal" States of Delaware, 
Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, must prove themselves 
well before tliey can enjoy this privilege. 

A large steam frigate, supposed to be the Powhatan, 
passed up the river, towing an iron-clad, intended, perhaps, 
for repairs in Philadelphia. 

Got a larger mail than I have ever received, in any one 
day, since I have been in the Fort ; and among the letters in 
hand, is one from my daughter in Richmond, being the second 
received from her during my imprisonment. She tells me that 
my good friends. Rev. Drs. Read, and Stiles, and Maj. Ball, 
of Loudon county, were intending immediately, to confer 
with Judge Ould in relation to my exchange ; and that every 



156 UNITED STATES BOKDS ; OR 

possible effort would be made, to secure the result. This en- 
courages me much. My friends, at the South, now know that 
I am here ; they know what I have suffered on account of my 
principles ; and I wait to see what interest they will take, in 
my behalf. An oath of allegiance to the Lincoln Adminis- 
tration would open my prison doors ; but I disdain the pro- 
posal ; and distressed, as I am, about my dear family, I must 
stay here, a good while longer, before I shall see it to be my 
duty, to accede to anything so disagreeable to my own feelings, 
and which is, so evidently fraught with ruin to all their, and 
my hopes for a temporal future. 

Private Winniford came in after tea, and requested me to 
preach for Ahl's Battery, informing me that the necessary ar- 
rangements were all maJe, and that he wished me to go with 
him to the quarters, at once. An officer who came with him 
assuring me that all was right, I requested Mr. Belt to con- 
duct the services in the hall, and forthwith repaired to the 
place. I preached from Pro v. v. 7 — Wisdom's ways are ways 
of pleasantness — to a quiet and respectful auditory of one hun- 
dred men, and received the thanks of a number, who came 
up after the sermon, and spoke to me. 

As we go into our bunks, to-night, the weather is stormy, 
and blustering, making it hard on the sick ; and I presume, 
that we may expect a continuance of the late ratio of mortality. 
To-day, sixteen deaths are reported. One of tha bodies was 
carried across the river, yesterday, for removal to Maryland. 
Of the sixteen, one was a Yankee. 

Saturday, 3d. — A court-martial has been sitting, to-day, for 

the trial of Capt. M , of the Purnell Legion, who has been 

playing the rake, on a large scale — not only among the few 
females on the Island, but with strangers who visit sick rela- 
tives at the barracks. If reports be true, he must be a grand 
rascal, indeed, offering insults even to female children, and in 
one instance to a deaf mute. Two ladies, from Kentucky, 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 157 

were decoyed into liis room, under the pretence of showing 
them around ; and whilst one of them walked out with a 
brother officer, he locked the doer, and pushing the stranger 
on the bed, offered her the grossest insults, and would have no 
doubt violated her person, had she not successfully resisted and 
procured timely help. The sentence of the court has not yet 
transpired, but he will of course be dismissed the service, and 
ought at once be handed over to the civil law. 

About a thousand North Carolina prisoners were called out, 
this afternoon, to receive clothing. A more wretched looking 
set of men, I have never seen — dirty, ragged, bare-footed, 
weak, sick, and tottering, they sat or laid about the grass, be- 
tween their quarters and the General's residence, until called 
up, in squads, to get the several articles assigned them. Every 
man carried with him, whatever knapsacks, haversacks, blankets, 
canteens, frying-pans, boxes, fishing-rods, or other "nick- 
nacks," he possessed ; and after getting a shirt, drawers, shoes, 
and perhaps some other articles, according to his need, passed 
on to the old barracks, recently vacated by the fifteen hundred 
men who have gone to Point Lookout. I presume this dis- 
tribution of clothing, is in accordance with a provision of the 
cartel ; and it is certainly a god-send in a time of necessity. 

The beer drinking continues, and fights among the Yankee 
soldiers are the order of the day. Not much damage is done, 
however, as the participants are generally taken to the guard- 
house, and allowed time to sober ofT, to take a fresh spree on 
the morrow. 

Sunday, Ai.h. — At the request of Mr. Fricrson, and a num- 
ber of j physicians, I preached this morning, at 11 o'clock, to 
the Confederate surgeons, in their own quarters. Nearly all 
of them were present, including those who mess inside the 
Fort. I have never had a more attentive and respectful audi- 
ence, in ray life. Felt a degree of embarrassment from this 
very fact, together with the close proximity of my congrega- 



158 UKITED STATES BONDS ; OE, 

tion, as I stood before them. The individuality of their several 
faces, as they looked upon me witli countenancts expressive of 
earnest inquiry, disconcerted me in an unusual manner. W'as 
gratified to learn, before the close of the day, that notwith- 
standing the difficulties, the sermon had made some impression. 
Dr. Foster, who came into my room in the evening to see a 
patient, encouraged me by the remark that the explanation 
I had given of my subject, presented a clearer view than he 
had ever heard before, and removed some important difficulties 
from his mind. 

Mr. Belt took ray place in the hall, an»^ gave general satis- 
faction, with one of Dr. Alexander's sermons, and also in the 
prayer and Scripture selection. 

At night, addressed my prison congregation, at greater 
length than I had intended, and without a text, on the Excuses 
offered by the sinner for neglect of the great interests of the soul. 
Felt aroused, and greatly in earnest. In the final appeal 
was moved to tears, and several of my hearers, I thought, 
were weeping with me. Mr. Belt closed with fervent prayer ; 
and I have no doubt, all felt, that God was with us. Oh, for 
some speedy fruits from this sincere effiart to glorify God ! It 
pained me to find that several of the inmates of No. 3 (for 
whom I had been hoping) were not present during the ser- 
vice, and that their door Avas closed, although we were worship- 
ping in their immediate neighborhood. How impossible for 
the unregenerate to persevere in any good resolutions. 

A box came from Miss Julia Jefferson, with clothing to be 
distributed among sundry prisoners of the Fourth Texas, and 
other regiments. The articles are accompanied by a good lot 
of peaches, and sweet potatoes, for my own comfort. This 
faithful almoner, and her associates ought ever to be remem- 
bered by the boys from " Dixie." 

A b ichelor Irishman, who has lived for about fifteen years 
on the Island, and whose duty it has been to»ring the bell, at- 
tend water-gates, and perform similar duties, was found this 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 159 

morning, in the sluice leading from the moat to the river, on 
the northeast side of the Fort. He must have been drowned, 
on Friday night, while attending to some duty during the 
storm. 

Monday, 5th. — Mr. Frierson tells me, that there was no 
card-playing all day, ycsterilay, at his quarters; and that a 
prevailing quiet was observed, until bed-time — the day being 
closed with a sermon, by himself. 

The small-pox appears to be on the increase. Eight cases 
were brought from the barracks, into the hospital, early this 
morning. Some havd died of the disease, and the number still 
ranges at about forty. The virus which was put into my 
arms, about a week ago, has had no effect ; and to-day I have 
tried some new matter, imported to the Island by Col. Waring. 

The physicians assure me, that there are not less than 
fifteen hundred sick and invalid men at the barracks, and in 
the hospitals. Upwards of six hundred of them are tolerably 
well cared for, in the new and airy buildings recently erected 
for hospital purposes ; but their sufferings in the close, filthy, 
and crowded barracks, must be very great. If the poor fellows 
could be taken out, and marched around the Island, once a day ; 
or were they even allowed to come out, and recline at will on 
the grass, in the open air, it would be a great relief, and a bene- 
fit to their health. I was glad that the attention of the Com- 
mandant was called to the state of things, this morning, by the 
sight of a poor " reb," who was being transferred in a dying 
condition, from his noxious quarters, to the hospital. The 
General, at once, gave orders for a larger accommodation, and 
directed that each of the sick wards be supplied with a sufficient 
corps of nurses. 

Five or six hundred men turned out, this afternoon, to un- 
load a sloop, which had just arrived with building materials for 
the church — all of which were prepared in Philadelphia, and 
are now ready to be put together, for a handsome little temple, 
•which must be completed in a very short time. 



160 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

The interments yesterday were eight; and to-day llicro wcra 
fourteen. 

Tuesday, 6th. — Felt unusually well ; and realized the con- 
nection between a right state of body and a cheerful mind. 
With good herilth, and a good conscience, there must always 
be a happy face, even in the day of trial. Got two letters 
from my wife, which increase my comfort; besides replying 
to her, wrote to Portsmouth, for the first time, during my 
imprisonment. 

My wife tells me, that a union has, at last, been effected be- 
tween the two branches of the Presbyterian Church, in the 
South — a result which I have long ardently desired, but 
scarcely hoped to see. This news cheers my heart more t!:an 
I can express. Its effect upon the Church, and the general 
interests of religion will be incalculable for good. God be 
praised ! 

Two men, belonging to the burial corps, have mana2;c;l to 
make their escape. It was accomplished, I think, whilst the 
Osceola was stopping, for a short time, at New Castle. Guards 
were jolaced around the town, for the night, to prevent their 
egress ; but the precaution failed, and the boys are safely on 
their way to Dixie. 

The number of escapes since the battle of Gettysburg, is 
truly astonishing. How many have gotten off, it would be 
impossible to say. Some think the number is not less than 
one thousand ; others put the estimate at five or six hundred. 
One thing is certain — many have gone; and they continue to 
disappear, every Aveek, cither f^ingly, or in squads. 

I have learned, from an eye-witness, that Appleton, the man 
who killed the Georgian some six weeks ago, committed tlie deed 
in cold blood. The j)oor fellow was standing on the seat of 
the privy, with his head elevated above the fence, when the 
brave Dclawarcan put his gun through an opening in the 
boards, and aiming at the head, blew out the brains of the un- 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 161 

suspectiDg and defenceless prisoner. The murdered man, 
whose name I have not learned, was a member of the Third 
Georgia Regiment, which, under the command of Col. (now 
General) A. R. Wright, was at one time encamped at Ports- 
mouth. There seems to have been no particular investigation 
of the case, as the Georgian was reported to have been trying 
to make his escape. 

Eighteen co^ns remained on the wharf, to-day, from 8 A. M. 
until a quarter past 2 P. M., waiting to be carrie 1 to Jersey, for 
interment. Two of the boxes contained the bodies of men who 
had died from small-pox; and I noticed crowds standing about 
them, at intervals ; and frequently saw persons leaning against 
them. With such indifference to sanitary regulations, hosv can 
it be otherwise, than that we should have sickness and death to 
an alarming extent 

Wednesday, 1th. — The first excitement, to-day, was the 
launching of a small boat, the property of the Provost-Marshal. 
The circumstance, though trifling in itself, attracted consider- 
able attention. Crowds gathered around, as though it were a 
wonderful event. The best of it was, that Col. Waring, and' 
Gibson were invited by the Provost to take a ride with him;, 
and thus a couple of jirisoners had some little change from, 
their usual dull routine. 

Mr. Paddock furnished me with late copies of all the re- 
ligious papers published in New York and Philadelphia, — 
large bundles of which are distributed among the prisoners, 
under the direction of the Christian Commission. Although 
they contain much objectionable matter, and frequently evince 
a bitter hatred of everything Soutljcrn, they have, nevertheless, 
much readable matter, and are little calculated to do mischief. 
The venom is so glaringly apparent, that few persons are 
simple enough to swallow it, without the proper precautions. It 
is, sometimes, very unpleasant, however, to notice the marked 
hostility of professedly Christian editors and„ correspoiKlc:i(s 
11 



162 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

against the noblest and best spirits of the Confederacy. When 
such men as S:one\vall Jackson, and the Rev. Dr. Stiles are 
abused as fanatics; and the Rev. Dr. Moore vilified, because 
being a native of Pennsylvania, he cannot think as do his 
Black-Republican friends ; and Bishop Hopkins is protested 
against, by numerous clergy of his own church, because he has 
boldness and honesty enough to preach the Bible doctrine, on 
the subject of slavery, — it is time to inquire, where is the piety 
of the North.? — What, the source of delusion, that has opened 
the flood-gates of error upon thousands of human minds, 
measuring principle by geographical lines, and squaring every 
rule of righteousness by self-interest and the worship of dollars 
and cents ? How strange is the day in which we Vixc ! 

Received, as a present, fiom the Rev. Dr. Baird, of New 
Jersey, a fine large-print Bible — for which he has my hearty 
thanks. This good brother became apprised of my necessity, 
when here abjut ten days ago, and has remembered me, much 
to my comfort. 

The burials to-day, numbered eleven. 

Thursday, 8th. — Found seventeen coffins on the wharf this 
morning, and learn that the sickness continues unabated. We 
have S'jveral patients on our own floor. Belt, Porter, Alkire, 
Parker, and others, are all complaining, more or less. Messrs. 
Belt, and Porter are seriously ill. Our physician is Dr. Foster, 
of Lexington, Ky ,a very gentlemanly and agreeable surgeon, 
belonirinff to Morgan's command. The Doctor has been active 
at the barracks, and seems always ready to obey a call. His 
testimony accords with that of the oth(>r physicians, in regard to 
the great deficiency in t'lo supply of medicines. He has per- 
sonally handed to Dr. fSilliman a list of twenty-one different 
articles needed immediately. Strange that a United States 
Medical Director, in charge of a hospital at one of the 
most important posts in the country, should suffer himself to 
be ignorant in regard to a matter so essential to a humane and 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 163 

faithful discharge of ofScialflnfvr -p u , . „ 
<!ra«.me„t from the Isll I hT^ ft t'^' ^" ^'^""'" "'*" 
account for the deflclenc; t, ., • "''r"*^' "'"^-'S^'^'Iy 
for the Uerease., s^^JH:':^-:^^' '^'' ' " "^- 

f.-^ ^\i , *=; ^* *^® ™o^tj assistinff in the erec- 

their I,an,!s Truly the Lincoln Government knows how to 

thH r n ^ f ° contractors pocket the thou^inds save.l by 
the valuable labor, of these ragged but efficient operatives ^ 

Forty-two deserters from the Yankee Army ^me in this 
vening and were assigned to their places with'the convi t^ i^ 

m Co. Q, on the principle, I suppose, that misery loves com- 

Friday 9lh.~Clolhing was distributed, to-day, to the Vir- 
g^a Mississippi and Alabama regiments, which were marched 

usual, all tl ey could call their own. Each man, received (if 
.u need of the articles), two shirts, two pair of drawers, one 
pair of ,,a„ts, and one pair of shoes. Many were almost 
naked ; but not^quite so bad off as the North Carolinians, who 
were supplied a few days ago. Before drawing the new cl thes^ 
crowds went to tlie river and washed. 

The sickness is still on the increase. Many are lying ilj 
at the barracks, and the hospitals are all full. New cases of 
small-pox are reported, every day. The most fearful result, 
are apprehended. In our own apartment, Mr. Belt continues 
fo be quite 111 ; and several others are complaining. Several 
strangers are visiting their sick sons-among whom are Messrs. 
Hudson, and Cantwell, of Kentucky, and Worthington, of 
Maryland. Fortunately for their boys, they are ^vith them, 
day and night. Many a poor fellow is dying for the want of 



164 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

such attentions. Never in my life did I see and appreciate so 
much the importance of good nursing; nor feel so deeply the 
value of those attentions wliich can be given only by affcr- 
tionate parents or other kind relatives. " Home, sweet home," 
is the burden of thousands of anxious hearts, at this moment ; 
and multitudes on this Island are now sighing, day and night, 
in their fever and pains, for the comforts they once knew, but 
which they will never know again. How sad to notice all 
this suffering, and then, day after day, to count the scores 
of coffins deposited upon the several wharves; hear the 
short, hurried service, over the bodies they contain ; and to 
watch the little steamer across to the Jersey shore, with a cargo 
of corpses to be deposited in piles, and in unmarked graves. The 
poor soldi (1" ! How meagre his reward on earth; and if he 
has not fought under the banner of Jesus, what his present 
distress but a prelude to an eternity of despair ! 

Mr. Frierson has received an intimation, that through an 
arrangement efiected for the exchange of Chaplains, hg will be 
allowed to leave for Richmond, on to-raorrow. 

A valuable lot of files, pearls, sets, and other materials 
(such as are used by our i)rison jewellers), was put into my 
hands for distribution, as the donation of a benevolent me- 
chanic in Philadelphia. They were handed over to Lucas, 
Stevens, Atwood, Floyd, and others, who supplied themselves 
as they wished, and the remainder were sent to the ring-makers 
at the barracks. 

Saturday, \Oth. — Having prepared a long letter, last night, 
to be sent by Mr. Frierson to my children at the South, I 
hastened over to the General's office in company with Captain 
Ball, who also had a letter for Richmond, to have them exam- 
ined — nothing doubting, and rejoicing in so direct an oppor- 
tunity. The Captain, in his haste, was the first to approach 
the Commandant ; and being the first, also, to be refused, 
saved my sensitive nature an indignant rebuff. He was hold- 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 165 

ing up the letter, and proceeding with his request, when the 
General, without waiting to hear, turned red in the face, and 
repelled him immediately, with the crusty sentence : " I know 
nothing about it — take it to the clerk. I can't attend to it." 
Thus the old gentleman was compelled to retire, chagrined and 
disappointed. Noticing this rough treatment, as I stood in 
the door, only a few yards oflP, I turned with disgust from the 
scene, to ^eck another channel of communication, and regret- 
ting a promise by which I had committed myself to send no 
letters by the " underground route." It was a pleasure to me, 
however, to be able to get off eight or ten religious journals, of 
the latest dates, for my friend, the Rev. Dr. Converse, of Rich- 
mond ; and several other gentlemen — who wei-e under no 
pledge to the contrary — availed themselves of the opportu- 
nity to forward their unexamined epistles. 

A novel sight was presented, to-day, in the evacuation of 
the barracks, and the marching of the six thousand prisoners 
(more or less), around the Island. They were paraded four 
abreast, and made a complete circuit of the Fort, allowing a 
wide area, and excluding that portion of the " Pea Patch " 
occupied by the hospitals, and barracks. They came out with 
all their property on their backs, or by their side, ragged and 
dirty, and many of them shoeless and shirtless. A company 
of galvanized fellows, inveigled into the Lincoln service with 
money, new clothes, and promises, exhibited a striking con- 
trast, in their comfortable black overcoats, as they occupied a 
central position, in the circumferal line. Why they should 
have been thrown into the procession, except for the sake of 
the contrast, I know not. 

Various reasons have been assigned for this unusual de- 
monstration. Some think the object was to paake an accurate 
count of the number of prisoners in the barracks ; others say 
that some of the men have been " flanking" in the distribu- 
tion of clothing, and that the design was to ascertain, precisely, 
what each man had, and to make a proper appropriation of 



166 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

the stock ; but the true reason m:iy have been to give the men 
a good airing, and to afford an opportunity to clean up the 
quarters. 

As the crowd of Southern boys were perambulating the 
Fort, — four deep, shoulder to shoulder, sick and fet^ble (as 
many of them were) — nothing was more apparent, jnid sug- 
gestive, than the ease with which they could have fallen upon 
the four or five hundred Yankee soldiers who guarded the 
Fort, and in a few liours have made therasehes possessors of 
the post, and all its appurtenances. Such a move, indeed, was 
contemplated, at two different times, — first, before (he removal 
of several hundred ofGcers to Johnson's Island, andi afterward y 
prior to the exit of some twenty five or thirty others. Accord- 
ing to the fir.4 plan, Gen. Archer was to have taken the com- 
mand, and in the other case. Col. "Wicks. In both instances 
the arrange ments are said to have been complete, and must 
certainly have succeedel, but for the difficulty of securing 
transportation for so large a body of men across the river, and 
the probable ill consequences that must have resulted to the 
sick. Could this thing have been accomplished whilst the 
Confederate Army was in Pennsylvania, a valuable reinforce- 
ment might have been secured for Gen. Lee. 

Six recruits were brought into our apartment, to-day, from 
Sussex county, Dclawaro, — all charged with disloyalty. Capt. 
Thomas Cannon, Dr. Wm. S. Hitch, and Messrs. Patrick H., 
and Henry C. Hearn, Wm. Bradley, and Wm. C. Rust, con- 
stituted the party. The last named is a son of Mrs. Catesby 
F. Rust, whom I married, twenty years ago, in Philadelphia. 
Two of the young men belong to a Democratic brass band ; 
one refused to walk under a United States flag; and others 
are accusd of aiding in tiie escape of a rebel prisoner. There 
may be other cKarges — but the great crime, I suppose, is 
friendship for the South ; and the cause of arrest, apprehen- 
sion of too great an influence against the Black Republican 
Avlministration, at the approaching election for Representa- 
tives to Congress. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 167 

Suffered with headache, all day; and was glad to get 
into my bunk at an early hour — but not before we had gath- 
ered for our usual prayer. W;^s mortified, however, to notice 
a much smaller number in attendance, than is common — the 
Delawareans all present notwithstanding. 

Sunday, 11th. — Preached this morning as usual, in the 
hall, but to a comparatively poor congregation — several of our 
number, for s tme unknown reason, appearing to hold back. 
All the Delawareans were present, and such others r,s are 
always in place. Perhaps the cool morning, and uncomfort- 
able condition of the passage had something to do with the 
slim attendance. I preached from ii. Timothy ii. 7, Let 
every one that namcth the name of Christ depart from iniquity. 
Had an unusually comfortable and pleasant time; felt earne-t 
and anxious about doing good. When I had got about one- 
third of the way throu_,h the ^ Ian I had marked out for my- 
self, found that I had exhausted enough time for a sermon, and 
making an application, drew the discourse to a close — en- 
couraged to b lieve that good has been accomplished. 

At half-past three, I held forth before the surgeons, at 
their own quarters, endeavoring to present some Scriptural 
views on the subject of Gospel my-teries. Selected the sub- 
ject, in view of a conversation with Mr. Frierson, who told 
me that some of the doctors had been discussing the difficulties 
of Bible teachings, and were inclined to scepticism on account 
of various apparent contradictions. Never had a more atten- 
tive and respectful audience; and felt great satisfaction in pre- 
senting^-, to so many intelligent minds, a scries of arguments 
which I was satisfied could be fu"ly appreciated. I have 
not had tin:e to learn whether the views presented accom- 
plished anything in solving doubts, or establishing a correct 
theological sentiment; but the bread has been " c:^.st nj^on 
the waters," an.l i hope it will " return after many days." 

My remarks, in the evening, at the usual service were based 



168 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

upon Heb. x. 31 : It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands 
of the living God. Had a solemn and deeply affected audience, 
and wait, in hope, for still greater results. 

Went to bed very tired; but with the consciousness, that I 
had been endeavoring to fulfil the Apostolic injunction : "To 
do good and c(tmmunicate — forget not;" and encouraged by 
the testimony, that " with such sacrifices God is well pleased.'* 

Monday, 12th — Capt. Mulotowski's company, numbering 
something like a hundred men, went up to Philadelphia, this 
morning, to cast their votes for Gov. Curtin. MulotoAvski is 
the most dashing officer on the Island, and is very popular 
with the " llebs." Like most of his countrymen, however, he 
loves the lager, and it would seem, that he and all his are 
thoroughly Black-Republican in sentiment. 

The sickness, on the Island, is still on the increase. To- 
day, 102 cases of small-pox were reported. The number of 
burials was ff teen. There is still an unaccountable scarcity of 
niediclne. Quinine is not to be had at all. My room-mate, 
Mr. Belt, is not much better, and will probably have to be re- 
moved to thu hospital — though he receives every attention 
we can bestow, and all feel it to be pleasant to wait on him. 

Laborers are at work, in the moat, digging for the founda- 
tion of a wall around the Fort. The Avater havinar been as:ain 
removed, the stench is sometimes intolerable, and blowing 
right into our rooms — this of itself is enough to make us all 
sick. 

Had a letter from my wife, in which she states that Mrs. 
Reynolds, and Mrs. Daughtrey, of Portsmouth, have both, re- 
cently, visited the Island to see their sons, and had. inquired 
for me, but were not allowed to have an interview. It would 
seem, that I am not permitted to see any friend — not even 
jny wife. VDiy am I thus specially interdicted? 

Received a sermon, by mail, from Rev. ]\Ir. A , of 

W ; on Government} and Administration ^ based upon 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 169 

Romans xiii. 1-5. He writes upon the margin : " Will 
brother Handy give this a candid perusal, and oblige a former 
co-presbyter?" The sermon is scarcely seconcZ-rate, and is evi- 
dently the production of a warped and fanatical mind. His 
request to give it " a candid perusal " is, of course, based upon 
his opinion of me, as a heretic in regard to the sul»jcct upon 
which Paul so clearly writes ; and manifestly indicates, that he 
h;is no idea of the doctrine of State Rights, and of that allegi- 
ance which every citizen owes, first, to the Commonwealth 
with which he is immediately connected. 1 remember this 
brother, of old, and how rabid he used to be, on his first settle- 
ment in W . Greatly now, do I regret that my sermon, 

preached before the evacuation of Portsmouth, from the text : 
How can two walk together except they be agreed f is not in 
print, that I might send him a copy. 

The evening was' cool, and the attendance at prayers un- 
usually poor. 

Tuesday, ISth. — A report is in circulation, that the Secre- 
tary of War is to visit the Island, to-day. An unusual stir 
prevails, among the whitewashers, scourers, and scavengers ; 
and everything — outdoor, and indoor — seems to be undergoing 
a process of cleansing. In our apartment, we are turned com- 
pletely upside down ; all the rooms are being whitewashed, 
except ours, wiiich, in consequence of Mr. Belt's sickness, will 
not be disturbed until to-morrow. 

W was seized with a violent attack of colic, in the 

night ; and our sleep was considerably interrupted, by the 
passing to jyid fro, and calls for medicine. Tibbets, as usual, 
was the chief man on the occasion. Having dosed the sufferer 
pretty well, with cholera mixture, and pepper-vinegar, he 
brought him to, in good time. The poor fellow suffered a 
good deal ; but having induced the speli by a hearty meal of 
cat-fish, at supper, some were disposed to joke him. This 
morning he is up, and doing well enough. 



170 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Had the misfortune, this morning, to lose my parole, as 
did, also, Capt. Ball. They were both rec.illed, on the plea 
that we are now in better health, and do not need thera. This 
is true in Capt. Ball's case; but, my own health is just about 
as it was, when the parole was j)laced in my hands. I think 
the true reason has not been made to appear. It was suggested 
by Capt. Ahl, that others mi^ht be jc^alous of our privilege, 
if it were not extended to thera. I do not believe, however, 
that any such feeling is likely to exist. The truth i.^, that it 
has been a great advantage to our whole company, as Capt. 
Ball generally brought in the news, and I attended to most of 
the purchases. Indeed, this may be the very reason why we 
have lost our privilege. We saw and learned too much ! 

A transport arrived, this afternoon, and took off one thous- 
and prisoners for Point Lookout. Dr. Hich gave them Dixie, 
on his brass instrument, as they passed aJong in sight of our 
window; and I thought they seemed much insjiirited. 
Whether they go to Richmond immediately, or not, the change 
itself is agreeable. 

There were only five burials, to-day. Two of the deaths 
were from small-pox. The whole lot of coffins remained on 
the wharf, until 5 P. M. — every prisoner of the 1,000 passing 
in close proximity to the putrid bodies, and, in some instances, 
leaning upon the very coffins in which were enclosed the vic- 
tims of small-pox.. 

The stench from the moat is worse to-day, on account of 
the large amount of fillhy matter under, and around tlie sinks 
now lying exposed. Several hands have been engaged, drag- 
ging it farther into the canal, but I see no signs of an intention 
to take it away. 

Wednesday, lAih. — Another "bad night. Found it impos- 
sible to sleep, on account of the mosquitoes and bed-bugs. The 
disagreeable smtll from the moat is still in our nostrils. 
Sometimes it is almost intolerable, from our window, in No. 6, 
which opens directly upon the miasma. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 171 

The wliite-washing was continued, and finished, to-day. 
We have been greatly" upset ; but hope to be straightened up 
to-morrow. The passages, and rooms have all been scoured, 
and everything is damp and disagreeable. It will be a wonder 
if some of us are not sick. 

We had an amusir.g spectacle, this morning, in the uni- 
forming of Co. Q, with old-fashioned, yellow-trimmed, bob- 
tailed dragoon coats, which every man was required to put on. 
The scene occurred, in the Fort-yard, under the direction of 
Capt. Ahl — wlio, evidently, enjoyed the fun. The coats had, 
probably, been stowed away in some government Avarehouse, 
for years, and were brought out, originally, it is said, for the 
purpose of dressing up the rebels. A better thought assigned 
them to the deserters and convicts, who are now to wear them 
as their mark <f distinction — no man being allowed to go out- 
side the Fort without this budij-e of his degradation. 

When the first man strutted forward with his yellow tail, 
looking for all the world like an escaped bullfinch, the whole 
company burst out, in a loud laugh. It was amusing to notice 
the variety of effects produced in the countenances and behavior 
of the doomed men. To refuse to wear the coats, they dare not. 
Some looked mad ; some were really pleased ; and others affected 
to be well satisfied. Some hurried off, as quickly as possible, 
avoiding the gaze of the crowd ; some strutted; some amused 
themselves in pretended efforts to extend the extremities of their 
neighbors' coats ; one man eyed himself first from one shoulder, 
then from the other, kicking alternately right and left, in vain 
attempts to reach the nether end of his gay swallow-tail. 
Several tucked up the ends, and made a sort of jacket of the 
hated garment ; and oi:e man turned as much as possible un- 
der his pants, and thus converted it into a shirt, with his sus- 
penders above. It was very evident that all considered the 
uniform as a disgraceful badge, and though turned off in most 
cases with a laugh, the submission was reluctant and disagree- 
able. 



172 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

A stern old man, by the name of Hoy, from Anbiirn, New 
York, positively refused to put on the coat, and actually suf- 
fered himself to be taken to the guard-house, and in the course 
of the evening, to be drummed around the Fort some four or 
five times, under guard, with a heavy barrel over his head, 
rather than submit to the indignity. Whilst they were carry- 
ing this poor fellow through his cruel punishment, the " con- 
victs " showed their disapprobation by rushing, simultaneously, 
to their quarters, whenever the mock procession would appear 
in that locality ; and evacuating the building when it had 
passed along. In this manner they avoided seeing the farce 
altogether ; and encouraged Hoy in his resistance. Quite 
an excitement prevailed, among the political prisoners, up- 
stairs, who crowded the windows, not to deride but to sym- 
pathize. As for myself, ,1 was obliged to call to the old 
fellow, as he passed under my window ; and urged, "Hold on, 
old man ; " and a voice among the convicts also broke out : 
" Stick to it — s'ick to it ! " A number of Yankee officers were 
sitting in front of their quarters, apparently enjoying the scene; 
but the veteran Hoy held out until they were obliged to take 
him to the guard-house for the night. 

We were startled, this afternoon, to find that Mr. Belt had 
the small-pox. We have noticed, for several days, that he has 
been considerably reddened, and broken out, in the face ; but 
did not, for a moment, suspect this loathsome disease. The 
case was soon reported to Capt. A hi ; and our good friend was 
ordered to the hospital. It really distressed me, to see him 
preparing to leave. The idea of going to a pest-house, and 
among those who are covered with scabs, and putrid sores, 
was evidently alarming to Mr. Belt, himself; but he made no 
objection, and left us Avith the sympathies of all in the apart- 
ment. It is pleasant to know, that the disease has nearly had 
its course ; and that he is now able to walk about. We sin- 
cerely hope that he w'.U soon be well. 

The number of burials, to-day, was twenty-two — some of 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 173 

them having been left from yesterday ; five were cases of small- 
pox, and were taken from the lower ev.d of the Island — an 
arrangement having been made to remove all such, in a sail- 
boat to the other shore. 

Thursday, 15th. — The mosquitoes are still troublesome at 
night, and there is no help for it. How many weary nights 
have I had, since my imprisonment, with these pestiferous in- 
sects ; and who will ever know, how much I have suffered, 
from this one source alone ! 

Hoy, the man who refused, yesterday, to adopt the con- 
vict's badge, was again paraded around the Fort yard with a 
barrel over his head, and a placard upon the side of it, in- 
scribed, — For Insxihordination. The guard was still with 
him; but he was now conducted around without the 
music; and still persisting in his refusal to wear the coat, he 
was hung up, by the thumbs, in the sally-port, for nearly two 
hours, and then remanded to the cells. Before dinner, the old 
fellow agreed to put on the coat, on condition that he should 
not be made to sign any paper, or in any other way acknow- 
ledge himself a soldier. 

The history of this man, as fir as I can learn it, after 
special inquiry, is this : He is an Irishman, by birth, and was 
for some years a citizen of Auburn, N. Y. — where he was 
living at the breaking out of the war, with his wife and six 
children, and wholly destitute of the means of support, for 
want of employment. A recruiting officer came along, offer- 
ing a bounty of $200 for enlistments, to be paid on the 
arrival of the troops at Albany. AVith the hope of doing 
something for his family, the old man gave lils name to the 
office!-; but instead of being paid the 2:»roaiised sura, he was 
put off with seventy-five dollars, and the balance was to come 
at an indefinite period, in the future. Hoy, concluding that 
he was about to be cheated, and that his family Avould be little 
benefited by the enlistment^ on such terms, refused to proceed 



174 UNITED STATES BONDS; OK 

farther. For this offence, though never mustered Into service, 
he was condemned to imprisonment and hard labor at Fort 
Delaware. He persists thit he is not a s tidier, and never in- 
tends to be; nor will he do anything, in t!ie slightest degree 
admitting, that he was oi* ever will be connected with th.c 
army. I honor him for his firmness. 

Somebody^ has perpetrated the following lyric, dedicated to 
Company Q. It was handed to me by a friend ; and may 
very suitably be inserted here : 

OLD COMPANY Q. 

BY ONE OF THE NUMBEK. 

The Poets have sung iu nil Ages, 

Of heroes, both gallaut and true; 
But in spite of wliat's said by the sages, 

Slill give me old Company Q, 

They'll live on tlie i)age3 of story, 

Tiicir history I'il now rive to you : 
More splendid than old Mother Morey, 

Is the history of Company Q. 

They come from all parts of creation; 

Used to dig, pl:iy dandy, and hew ! 
They fouglit f^r the flag of their nation, 

Here's tlie glory of Company Q. 

Their deeds of high valor are written, 

Where sunlight shall fall on the dew, 
Wliercver the foe has been smitten, 

Is the record of Company Q. 

They number all sorts of professions, 
They come from the old world, and new ; 

They are rich, without other's possessions, 
They are rich— Old Company Q ! 

They marched with the old Flag above them. 
And they carried their colors straight thro' ; 

Their d^ar ones at home to-day love them — 
They are longing for Company Q. 

I Attributed to Col. Lester. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 175 

But the shoulder straps wanted to show folks 

How big young puppies could grow, 
And they thouglit it one of their best jokes 

To imprison old Company Q. 

And now the conntry lies bleeding— 

"Whose heroes the enemy slew 1 
We imprison our veterans, not heeding • 

The valor of Company Q. 

They pay splendid bounties for green-horns, 
And conscripts, black, yellow and blue ; 

But through all the dark nights and dark morns, 
Doomed to idleness is Company Q. 

But Oh! give them the freedom of battle, 

Wherever the Eagle e'er flew— 
They'll make all the wild welkin rattle, 

To the shouts of old Company Q. 

The " Rebels " Avere, again, paradea around the Island — 
every man carrying all his movable possessions. This is a 
good thing for the health of the poor boys, and ought to have 
been done long ago, before so many of them were almost 
smothered to death, in the crowded av.d filthy barracks. Their 
reason for turning out Avith so much luggage, is perhaps two- 
fold — to afford an opportunity for cleaning up whilst they are 
out, and to save the property from the hands of thieves — many 
of whom infest the Island, among friends and foes. 

The milk-man was degraded from his office, and dismissed 
the Island, to-day. The reason assigned is, that he has been 
speculating in clothing bought for the soldiers. It is rumored, 
however, that his proclivities are Southern, and that he has 
been intimate with the prisoners. I don't know anything 
about the man, save the fact, that he has had a fine chance to 
make money, and such an one as he will never again enjoy in 
liis old trade. The quantity of milk brought over from Del- 
aware City, is really astonishing, and the supply seems always 
short of the demand. 

Friday, 1 Qih. — It has been raining, more or less, all day ; 
and I have spent nearly the whole time at my little desk, near 



176 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OB, 

the grated window — from which I can look out upon the river, 
and the village on the other side. A few nights ago, in my 
sleeples.encs-:, I got two or three verses of rhyme into my head, 
and to-day, the weather, or something eL-e, has brought out 
several more. As the idea embraced in the article is the same 
for which I am imprisoned here, I insert it iu this place for 
the benefit of those who may feel an interest in me hereafter : 

IS THAT THE OLD FLAG? 

Oil 1 see that p:ay flag, on the parapet streaming!— 
Its stars, and its stripes, so vauntingly beaming — 
Oh ! see its rich bunting, in jollity flying, 
And flapping strange pagans o'er dead and the dying 

Is that the old flag, which, in childhood, I gloried — 
The flag of my country, so fam'd, and so storied 
*Moug nations, and peoples, from ocean, to ocean, — 
That stirr'd ev'ry heart, with the deepest emotion ? 

Is that the fond emblem of tyranny ended — 

The banner of freedom; of virtue defended? 

Saj', is that the old flag, which was flung to the breeze 

In the days of " lang syne," our sage Fathers to please? 

'Tis the same azure ground — the stars glow as brightly. 
As in days tliat are gone; and the stripes are as sightly; 
But, a change I observe, iu the style of that banner; 
The type is not there — it has lost its old manner ! 

I gaze on the canvas, that floats now before me — 
Ye bright stars, and gay stripes, no more I adore ye 1 
The glory's departed! — bereft of 3'our meaning. 
Your folds arc distended, with colors unseeming I 

My heart sinks, in sadness, as I think of the past, 
And recall t!ie brave deeds of an aucestry fast 
In purpose of freedom ; and who hoisted that flag, 
As loyal to Union .•—their escutcheon no brag ! 

But, what, now, mean those stripes floating joyously high— 
The slurs that glow, brightly, on that azure-tint sky? 
Ko soverciirnty, now, of the States they declare — 
No rights of the people, nor sweet liberty there! 

'Tis I lie seal of oppression ; of unrighteous vows- 
An ensign of terror, which no justice allows; 
'Tis the mark of coercion, emblazoned afar, 
Disgrac'd, and degraded urging vandals to war 1 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 177 

No respect I, now, feel, for that flag, as I've done, 
When it wrapp'd its safe folds round my liberties won ; 
When it guarded my home, and protected the South, 
In her own institutions: and seal'd not my mouth. 

'Tis no emblem of safety, that now I behold ; 
'Tis no token of freedom, worth millions of gold ; 
'Tis a blue ground of ruin, bespatter'd with sand — 
The red gore of Death, in the Despot's cold hand. 

'Tis the sign of invasion ; of fields waste and worn — 

The shreds of a compact, all broken, and torn ; 

The device of the sordid ; — gay ribands, that tell 

The mean price, at which Northmen our Southern rights sell. 

It steals from his master the confcented old slave; 
And it gives the poor negro a comfortless grave; 
Shouts freedom, and union, with a lie on its face, 
To pamper contractors, and distribute gold lace. 

Yes! that flag, as it floats on the parapet there, 
Is the signal of Death : — a Republican snare ; 
It waves for the simple ; it cheers the deluded ; 
Its prestige has gone ; — tis of glory denuded 1 

'Tis the emblem of hate, in the heart of the North • 
The Abolitionist's badge, in madness set forth ; 
The symbol of arson, subjugation, and spoil; 
The Shroud of the Union, on this fair Western soil ! 

Then flaunt not, so gaily, thou hypocrite banner ! 
Down ! Down, in the dust, be thy suitable manner ! 
No more let thy stars, and thy stripes be expanded ; 
Shame ! Shame to thy colors, with infamy branded ! 

Some four or five of our number have been contemplating an 
escape from the Island. The wind and tide are favorable to- 
night ; and as they are in readiness to start, they will be likely to 
do so, unless prevented at tlie proper hour, by too much light. 
It is quite an undertaking to cross the Delaware on boards ; 
and I am really apprehensive for the success of the party. The 
thing has been done, however, a number of times, and it is 
possible they, too, may get over. I go to bed restless and un- 
easy ; but hope for these friends, in the same power that res- 
cued Paul, when let down through a window, in a basket, over 
the prison walls at Damascus. 
12 



178 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

Saturday, 17th. — Had one of tlie worst nighfs I have ex- 
perienced since I have been in j)rison. In the fore-part of the 
night, suffered terribly from mosquitoes and Icd-bugs; and 
long l)ofore day was aroused by the cook, who had mistaken 
the hour, and alarmed the whole house by splitting wood, and 
breaking coal below stairs. Finding it impossible to sleep, I 
got up some time between midnight and morning, and sat down 
at my little desk, before the grated window. ]\Iy brain seemed 
to be on fire ; and I could thiidc of nothing but the rough sur- 
name of our redoubtable jailor. This singular monosyllable, 
with its one dipthong ar.d five consonants, kept whirling 
and tossing through my mind, like the terrible revolution of a 
broken wheel; and, at length by some ha[)py fortuity, came 
running out at (he end of my poor, anxious pen, in a sort of 
doggerel, which gave sufficient composure to allow me to fall 
back into my bunk, and rest with comparative quiet, until — ■ 
well, I've forgotten — it might have been near the meridian. 

I here record this remarkable effusion, as a monument to 
Gen. Schoepf, and as a memorial of that terrible night in thq 
Bastile: 

BRIG.-GEN. A. SCHCEPP. 

What a changeable name lias our Gcn'ral Sheff,— 
To bring out llic sound of the p, and the/, 

And pronounce this strange name as you like it^ 

You may drawl out the o; and write it A. SJioaf, 

Thus calling to one's mind, that "terrible oaf," — 

As the darkey would say — and, thus strike it. 

But, some would prefer the full Gen-c-ral Shvff, 
With Brigadier afiix, and title enough : — 
To bolster the official a little. 

Yet, others would "Dutch it," and jaw-break the sound 
Spcahiiig, firm, the rou-;;!! ;),— tluis twisting around, 
And blow out Geu'ral Schapf, with their spittle. 

Now, one thing is certain — this same Gen. Schutf, 
Shcsf, f^choir, Schcft, Scheff — but hold! I've penn'd it enough — 
Well! he's used to them all: they surely are his'n. 



DUJRESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. . 179 

So, now, Gen. Schcepf, good bye, my old fellow ! 
I'll leave your strange name in Inger to mellow; 
If you'll let me, dear sir, get out of this pris'n. 

I find that there has been a good deal of betting among the 
prisoners, about the elections. The surgeons have gone into 

the matter with zest. Dr. N 11 put up a stake of $500, and 

Dr. Mc A n another of $400. 

Sunday, ISth. — Our usual Sabbath services. In the morn- 
ing preached from Htb. x. 31 — It is a fearful thing to fall 
into the hands of the living God. At night, without a text, 
endeavored to show, that there are often fearful marks or 
tokens, by which it may be predicted, almost with absolute 
certainty, that particular persons will be lost. Poor congre- 
gation in the morning — considerably better at night. Did not 
succeed with the sermons ; and was discouraged with the im- 
pression that some think we have too much preaching. Felt 
deeply my utter inability to convert souls, without the Divine 
blessing. But, Oh, how anxiously do I desire the out-pouring 
of the Spirit on this Fort. If it please Him, we can have, 
even here, such a display of His sovereign power, as in the 
days of Paul and Silas, when a Roman prison rang with the 
praises of God, and even soldiers cried out, " What shall we 
do to be saved ? " Come, Lord Jesus, come quickly, and 
glorify thyself! 

The screw-pump has been at work, all day, with noise 
and steam, directly under my window. The object is to get 
the water sufficiently down to go on with the masonry to- 
morrow. The season is late, it is true, but the weather is mild, 
and there is no necessity for such driving, even to the desecra- 
tion of the Sabbath. What are governments, or bodies of men, 
that they should disregard the unconditional laws of Jehovah? 
What is sin for the individual, is sin for confederation, or na- 
tion. No wonder that God's curse is upon the land ! 

Had a very unexpected visit this afternoon from Captain 



180 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Gibson, and Lieut. Wailes, of the Purnell Legion. Capt. G. 
brought a message from Col. Purnell, encouraging me to expect 
an early release. He states that the Colonel is deeply interested 
in my condition, and is satisfied that it is only necessary I should 
have a hearing, to regain my liberty. I have written to no one, 
on the subject, and have abstained so far, from personal effort, in 
order to see what friends would come to my help of their 
own accord ; and how far the Lincoln Government will go, in 
punishing a man for independence of speech and thought. 

Capt. Gibson is a very pleasant and polite gentleman, and 
manifested sympathy, and interest in my behalf. He proposes 
to have an interview with Col. Graham, on his return from 
Maryland, and thinks he may be of service. I was glad 
to meet with Wailes, who is a kinsman, and Iiad a good 
social interview. He volunteered to have a conversation with 
Lieut. Ahl, about getting my wife a pass to visit the Island. 
His intent is good ; but he will fail in the object. After about 
an hour's conversation, the gentlemen left, promising to visit 
me again. 

By order of some of the officers, Carr, the superintendent 
of culinary matters, made a tour of the rooms, to-day, and 
gathered all the cups and saucers, plates, and knives and 
forks that he could find, and announced the order, that no 
more meals were to be served in rooms, save in No. 6. This 
movement has been occasioned by the carelessness of some 
of our number, who throw slops out of the window, and 
soil the walls of the Fort We were very glad, of course, 
to find our room excepted ; but there were others quite as 
much entitled to favor as ourselves. It is not surprising, 
however, that complaint has been made, as we have a few 
men among us whose habits are filthy in the extreme, and 
were it not for some restraint, it would be dreadful to live 
in the same house with them. 

Monday, 12th. — Have been suffering, all day, with my 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 181 

usual Monday headache. Walked out in the afternoon, hoping 
to get some relief; but had little comfort, until near bed- 
time. I can scarcely account for the strange periodicity of 
these attacks ; as I seldom experience the suffering, until a 
night has intervened after the Sabbath labors, and that, too, 
when there has been no special excitement, or labor in preach- 
ing. True, I always have a degree of anxiety connected 
with Sabbath duties ; but this does not account for the in- 
tense, and long-continued nervous condition, which ensues. 

A petition was handed in to Gen. Schoepf, to-day, signed 
by nearly all the political prisoners, expressing regret that the 
paroles of Capt. Ball, and myself had been withdrawn, and 
desiring that they may be returned. The movement was 
started by Dr. McKown, and was cordially responded to — 
Daniels, Lovett and Snyder, being the only exceptions; the 
first two, on the ground that they had frequently made appeals 
to Gen. Schoepf, which had received no attention, and they 
were not willing to put themselves again in an attitude to be 
refused. I have no idea that the General will give the paper 
any respectful attention ; but I value it, as an expression of 
good feeling on the part of my fellow -prisoners. 

In Dr. McKown's interview with Gen. Schoepf, some spicy 
things are reported to have occurred. Our fellow-prisoner is 
considerably riled, and seems to have lost whatever good feel- 
ing he has heretofore entertained toward the Commandant. 
Although a Massachusetts man, by birth, the Doctor has lived 
long enough in Delaware to have imbibed thorough Southern 
opinions. He is a good talker ; an admirable imitator of the 
Dutch ; speaks freely ; and, sometimes, may go too far, in ex- 
pressions of hostility. He says / am entirely too conservative ; 
and pretends to object, very much, to my prayers for the officers 
of the Fort, and the Yankee authorities. 

The small-pox increases in virulence, and in the number 
of patients. Strict regulations, in the way of quarantine, are 
being adopted. To-day, I am told, the chaplains have been 
forbidden to visit the small-pox hospitals. 



182 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Tuesday, 20th. — This day one year ago, my dear little DIl- 
worth went home to Heaven, to be with God fircver. Have 
endeavored to improve the anniversary of my little bjy's; death 
by arranging a Scripture acrostic for my wife. 



We had a disagreeable affair this afternoon in a public search 
for lost money. Several days ago Dr. Hich announced t) a 
few persons that he had lost one hundred dollars in greenbacks, 
from a buckskin belt Avorn around his j^erson. He concluded 
that it must have been taken from him cither by soma knave 
in our own company, or by an adept a.nong the convicis, 
while he was at dinner in the kitchen. He preferred losing 
the money, rather than have a scarclA ; but some friends urged 
the matter, and the authorities being informed of the theft, 
Cunningham came up and ordered the wh(;le body of "politi- 
cals" to fall into line in the passa;^e, and with the assistance 
of Sergeant Carr, th.e examination proceeded. It was an ugly 
business; and as coats, boots, pockets, cfec, were severally 
searched, I felt degraded. After the examination, the whole 
company (with the exception of Capt. Ball, Dr. McKown, Capt. 
Miles, and myself, Avho were retained as witnesses) were ordered 
down stairs. The rooms were then searched, but not so rigidly 
as we expected. Both sergeants seemed to feci a sort of mean- 
ness about it, and showed considerable delicacy of manner. 
In my own case, a positive exception was made, which I ap- 
preciated highly, but could not refrain from turning out my 
pockets. Individually, I felt more concerned about the verses 
penned some days ago, than about anything else, — as the find- 
ing of these might have subjected me to some considerable 
embarrassment. The money was not found. It is probable 
that there has been some mistake ; or it may have been stolen 
by some of the light-fingered gentry below stairs. 

The surgeons are l)ecoming discouraged about their pros- 
pects for getting away. For some days they have had high 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 183 

hopes ; but rumors are now afloat, indicating that no exchanges 
are sliortly to take place. 

One thousand prisoners left, to-day, on the transport Nash- 
ville, for Point Lookout. The poor fellows have become so 
tired of Fort Delaware that any change will be agreeable. 
This movement, however, is regarded as favorable to a speedy 
exchange. 

Wednesday, 21st. — Headache last night, which continues 
to-day. 

A bottle of whiskey finding its way into No. 2, several of 
the inmates of that room imbibed rather freely, and have been 
" cutting up " considerably. This is (he first lime I have seen 
any demonstration of the kind on our floor, except in the case 
of one person, whose habit is that way, and who is not often 
with us, as he has had a parole. He, poor fallow, though 
possessed of many good qualities, is ruining himself; and 
if not arrested, will find a drunkard's grave. 

The report of small-pox, for to day, is one hundred and 
thirty-seven cases, in the hospital, and eight burials this 
morning. 

The "Rebs" were marched around the Island, to give 
them an airing, and to allow an ojsportunity to clean up the 
barracks. 

Thursday, 22d — The prisoners had another trip around the 
Island, with a view to finishing the cleaning at the barracks. 
The poor fellows enjoy their walk very much, though they are 
always heavily laden, and never fail to make a very ludicrous 
appearance. Had some talk, on the bank, this afternoon, with 
a young Pennsylvanian, named Hackman, who is an attendant 
at the hospitals. He was sent South on account of his prin- 
ciples, and is now a prisoner, having been captured at Gettys- 
burg. This interesting young man is expecting to leave the 
Island, with the next lot of prisoners, for Point Lookout. I 



184 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

gave him the names of my son, and daughter, requesting him 
to call and see them, should he be exchanged. Like myself, 
he is gathering up the Island poetry ; and at my request, 
furnished me with the following rhymes, which he found in 
the barracks, and which I insert here as a 2)art of the current 
history : 

OVER ON PEA PATCH ISLAND. 

AiK : — King of the Cannibal Islands. 

Oh ! liave you heard the news of late, 
About a grand hotel of State, — 
To board the " Rebels," small and great, 
Over on Pea Patch Island ? 

They call the place Fort Delaware ; 
But what they call it we don't care, 
We'd sooner be —I won't say where — 
Than over on Pea Patch Island. 

Here the "blue-bellies" keep you under their thumb. 
They strut around as if tbey were "some," 
You cannot speak — so you'd better be dumb. 
Over on Pea Patch Island. 

" This big hotel has quite a run, 
The upper ten, and lower ton, 
From a Senator's son to tlie " son of a gun," — 
Over on Pea Patch Island 

Here resorts the cavalier, — 
All arms of the service, too, are here. 
Suffering for their country dear — 
Over on Pea Patch Island. 

Our bill ef fare can ne'er be beat. 
The tables are long, and kept so neat — 
Three crackers and one inch of meat. 
For a meal on Pea Patch Island. 

Our breakfast hour is twelve, they say; 
We eat our dinner at six, and lay 
Our supper over till next day — 
Over on Pea Patch Island. 

They offer you three meals a day, 
And dress you in blue instead of grey 
If you your country will betray, 
And live on Pea Patch Island. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 185 

This bait has caught a hundred or two, 
Who look like kangaroos in blue. 
To death with such a cowardly crew ! 
Or — keep theui on Pea Patch Island. 

There are thousands here of Southern men 
Who'll soon go to their homes, and when 
They fight— God help the "blue-bellies" then, 
Who keep us on Pea Patch Island. 

And if we meet them in the fight, 
We'll rally around our colors bright ; 
Our vengeance word, both day and night : 
" Remember Pea Patch Island." 

Wliilst out, this afternoon, saw a number of boxes on the 
wharf, containing medicines for the dispensary Tiiese will be 
hailed with joy by physicians and patients, after a long and 
unaccountable delay — which I have no doubt has occasioned 
the loss of many valuable lives. 

Company Q received an accession of about twenty recruits, 
who were stowed away in their insatiable hive, in the Fort 
yard. This building, which is perhaps 100 hundred feet long, 
by forty or fifty wide, is filled with Yankee deserters and con- 
victs. The "whole company was drawn up, this evening, 
with special display, and some new orders issued, — among 
which I dislrinclly heard the announcement, that every man 
would hereafter be required to be punctually present at roll 
call ; and that the last man coming out, would be compelled 
to carry a log of wood, for an hour, in the sally-port. 

One of the convicts, named Johnson, who has failed in three 
successive attempts to make his escape from the Island, suc- 
ceeded, yesterday, or to-day, in getting off on a coal boat. The 
boat was searched, as usual, but the man was not discovered. 

By order of the Secretary of War, a list of all the political 
prisoners has been made out, and forwarded to Washington. 
This is generally regarded as an omen of speedy release ; but 
I feel incredulous. 

Very general attendance at worship. I regret, however, to 
notice some decline of interest, and an increasing disposition to 
give way to card-playiug and profanity. 



186 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Friday, 23c/. — Kelly, the man who has attended to our 
ckores, died (jf diphtheria, at the hospital, this morning. He 
was a stout, healthy-looking man, and his sudden death has 
created much surprise. I hope t!ie event may have s )me good 
effect; bnt there is little to be expected, from anything of the 
sort, here. How hard is the heart of man ! 

Capt. Ahl, and other officers have been spying around the 
rooms, evidently arous -d by something they conceive to be out 
of order. Several bottles of whiskey have lately been smuggled 
into t'.ic room-, and it may be that a rumor of this fact 
has c )me to their ears. It has bsen ordered that, hereafter, no 
one is to go to the sutler's Avithout a special permit ; and a 
man is to be detailed from below stairs, to do the purchasing. 
I am redly appi'chenslve of trouble, and am glad that there is 
a pro^p.et of having this contraband business stopped. 

It has b en reported, t!iat all the political prisoners are to 
be moved to Washington, for trial. Tiiis, doubtless, is one of 
the thousand and one tales that can be traced to no reliable 
source. On some accounts, I should not be unwilling to go to 
this home of my childhood ; but, upon the whole, the move- 
ment would be very objectionable. Very nearly the only 
source of comfort now remaining to me, is the fact that I am 
near tlie larger portion of my family. 

Got my tub, with a good supply of vegetables, and other 
necessaries. Some friend sent a nice bouquet, which is like a 
ray of sunshine amid the darkness of prison life. I dearly 
love flowers, and the bunch on my shelf reminds me pleasantly 
of home. 

Good attendance at worship. 

Fourteen burials this morning — two of the deaths from 
small- pox. 

Saturday, 2ith. — We have had a dull, rainy day, and my 
feelings seem to have bacn tinged with the darkness and dreari- 
ness around me. What a wearisome life is this, even with many 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 187 

thinfrs to mitlo^ite and render it so much more comfortable 
than that of thousanls. We have a number here wh) think 
thej are enjoying an Elysium, in co nparis )n with what they 
experienced at HarpLr's Ferry, Fort McHenry, and oiher 
places. Our con liti )n is also better than that of the poor 
fell;>ws at the birracks, who are densely crowded, scantily 
supplied with food, and in the midst of dirt. It is bad 
enough here, however, and I sigh to bj free ; but if I can- 
not have an honorable release, I had rather suffer on, even 
for m mtlis to c nme. I am a prisoner for conscienc;)' sake, 
and believe that my Heavenly Father will, ere long, " deliver 
me out of all my distresses." 

Mr. PaJdock, the Federal Chaplain, called and left some 
papers for distribution. I am very glad to get thesj weeklies ; 
but never read them without having my feelings hurt — not- 
withsianding many go )d things they contain. It is especially 
painful lo find religious j )ui'nals opposing compromise, and 
rejoicing with a malignant spitj, in the purpose of subjuga- 
tion, or extermination. A correspondent of the Independent, 
of October 1 5th, says : " Wc are to bring this civil war to a 
close, not by compromise. Compromise, thank God, is impos- 
sible. It is to come bi/ subjugation or extermination of the 
rebels, and in no other waj/." Are they who thus teach dis- 
ciples of the Prince of Peace ? Are they not demons, belch- 
ing forth the very spirit of the pit ? Alas, for the age in 
which we live ! The church is demoralized — the Christian 
name is too frequently a deceit — Christ's members (?) are mad 
men ! All this is literally true to a very great extent, at the 
North. How long, oh Lord ! shalt thou be wounded in the 
house of thy friends ? Come, Lord Jesus, come quickly, and 
help thy professed followers to see eye to eye ! Come, and 
root out of Thy Church all selfishness, avarice, vain ambi- 
tion, delusion, and all that wild fanaticism that arrogates to 
itself a monopoly in the knowledge of Thy will, and that 
would crush out the life of millions, with a jubilant hate, 



188 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

claiming to be the righteous executioners of Thy decrees — the 
sword of the Almighty in the hands of the just ! 

" Ye who surround, and guide the State, 
Does justice on your councils wait? 
Ye judges with impartial laws, 
Does truth maintain the righteous cause? 

"Oh how perverse mankind has grown I 
Your hearts the deeds of mischief own ; 
Your lawless minds, and fearless hand 
Spread acts of rapine thro' the land. 

"The Lord the lion's teeth shall break, 
And from his mouth the grinders shake; 
Their life-like running streams shall flow, 
Or snap like arrows in the bow. 

"So shall the astonished world declare, 
The just a sure reward shall share; 
Yes, there's a God whom men shall know — 
The judge of all the earth below." 

For Mr. Paddock, who favors me with a sight of these 
papers, I have a sincere regard. He appears to be a good 
man, intent on accomplishing something for the glory of God. 
He is a Republican, I have no doul)t, as I find his name ap- 
pended to the protest against Bishop Hopkins' famous and 
unanswerable address on the subject of slavery ; but he is 
unobtrusive and gentlemanly, and deserves to be noticed for 
his generous manner towards the prisoners, and his Christian 
bearing among the sick at the hospitals. When I meet such 
men, my soul is grieved that there should be any " root of 
bitterness" between us — for our hearts are "one" in Jesus 
Christ. 

" Let envy and ill will. 
Be banished far away ; 
And all in Christian bonds unite, 
Who the same Lord obey." 

L came into my room this evening, and seemed dis- 
posed to have a private talk. He is a young man of good 
fe.mily, and some education, but high-tempered, and easily led 




^31 ^■=\ 



mi^i'-^^ '%' . 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY, 189 

astray. He took my suggestions on the subject of personal 
religion, in good part ; stated his objections and difficulties ; 
and acknowledged the obligations of duty, promising to amend 
his ways, and to seek the salvation of his soul. May he have 
the aid of the gracious Spirit. 

Sunday, 25th. — The weather being cool to-day, and the 
hall uncomfortable, our services were held in No. 1, where we 
had a good fire, and ought to have had a cosy time ; but the 
attendance was poor, both in the forenoon and at night ; and 
I felt discouraged. As I am, now, the only professor of re- 
ligion in the apartment, perhaps it is expecting too much to 
look for large congregations, as heretofore, when there were 
others to encourage attendance. Generally, the congregations 
are good ; indeed it has surprised me to find such constant 
attendance and respect manifested by impenitent men. "We 
have had services every day, for about three months ; and it 
would be surprising if there had been no wavering, nor flag- 
ging. But how much good has been accomplished it is hard 
to tell ; more, probably, than I shall ever know anything about 
in this world. God grant that I may find in eternity, if not 
before, that many have been saved through the Word preached 
in prison. 

The subject this morning was Self-Denial, from Matt. xvi. 
24 ; and in the evening I preached from the text, Prepare to 
meet thy God. 

We had another spectacle of torment, this forenoon, in the 
case of two poor Irishmen, members of Co. Q, who were hung 
up by their thumbs and wrists, in front of their own quarters, 
and in presence of all their comrades. They were tied by a 
rope to a cross-beam which was thrown over the parapet, and 
then drawn up until they could only just stand upon the ends 
of their toes. They appeared to suffer very much, and one of 
them looked every moment as though he would faint from 
pain and exhaustion. The hands of each were purple and dis- 



190 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

tended with blood. The weaker of the two, finding it impos- 
sible to retain his water, was agonized with tins additional 
mortification. This scene of barbarism was under the imme- 
diate direction of Capt. Ahl and Provost-Marshal Hawkins ; 
the latter a very pompous and arrogant little fellow, whose dis- 
gusting and unfeeling conduct towards prisoners is a subject 
of constant remark. 

The occasion of the present infliction was the independence 
of one of the Irishmen in returning a blow given by the 
Provost- Marshal — an act which was considered by the Irish- 
man as unmilitary and unjust. The other man was punished 
for cursing one of the " galvanized rebs." Tliey botli, no 
doubt, deserved punishment; but this heathenish method can 
receive no reasonable justification from any penal statute among 
a civilized people. But the climax of Hawkins' barbarity 
consisted in his calling, across the Fort-yard, to the writhing man 
who struck him, "How do you like it. Sir? How do you 
like it ? " as though gloating in the suffering of his enemy. 
Alas, for the humanity of the Lincoln rule ! 

The quiet of this holy day has been interrupted, in two in- 
stances, by unpleasant occurrences on our own floor. A fracas 

took place this morning between L and P , which led 

to blows ; the latter narrowly escaping injury from the stroke 
of a steel file upon his head. They are both impulsive, and 
will doubtless regret the occurrence, and be friends again. The 

other difficulty took place between Capt. B and S , 

the latter a very disagreeable and unpopular man, who is fre- 
quently involved in quarrels with some of our company. These 
altercations are deeply to be regretted ; and I earnestly hope 
we shall have nothing more of the kind. 

Monday, 2Qth. — Was informed by Mr. Paddock — through 
Col. Waring — that friends in Delaware are making noble 
efforts for my release. This is certainly very gratifying intel- 
ligence, if true, and is just what I have had a right to expect. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 191 

The time was when my friends in that region were numbered 
by scores — perhaps hundreds. They knew my opinions upon 
all subjects, and the great majority appeared to be in full sym- 
pathy with me in whatever was expressed, in regard to the 
state of the country, and the prospects of the colored race. 
They never knew me to be a babbler, nor a brawler — nor can 
any man say that I ever took an active part in politics, or ever 
voted a strictly party ticket. They can, also, testify to the 
evident sincerity of my purposes as a minister of the Gospel, 
and that they never knew me, as a public man, to have any 
end to subserve other than to do good, and bless all around 
me, of whatever party, color, or condition. Then, I have had 
a right to claim sympathy from these old friends of a farmer 
ministry; and should the statement of Mr. Paddock be true, I 
shall be gratified as much for their sakes as my own. Should 
it be untrue, then I may take comfort in the remembrance of 
Him who, perfect in every purpose and act of His life, was 
forsaken by His own disciples, in the day of adversity. If in 
the hun)iliation of the God-man, they all forsook Him and fled, 
who am I — however conscientious or correct — that I should be 
remembered in the midst of tliese clouds ? But, it was not be- 
cause they had ceased to love Him — they were afraid ! Thanks 
be to God, there is a friend that sticketh closer than a brother ! 

The young men inaugurated an amusement in the hall, to- 
night, which gave them some good exercise, and served, for a 
time, to drive dull care away. About an hour was spent in 
dancing, to tunes hummed by Welsh, whose lively notes were 
quite a good substitute for the violin. Though no friend to 
jjromiscuous dancing, I was very glad to see these young fel- 
lows hopping around for the benefit of their health in the ab- 
sence of more suitable exercise. 

After the dancing, we had a full attendance at worship. 

Tuesday, 27th. — Letters from my wife, and daughter Ger- 
trude, to-day. 



192 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

The four physicians who, in company with Col. Waring, 
have been visiting the inside of the Fort, have been assigned 
to separate quarters — the object being to afford them better 
facilities for co-king. 

We had a great excitement on the Island, this morning, oc- 
casioned by a request from the citizens of Port Penu to Gen. 
Schoepf, for assistance in the capture of a number of rowdies 
from New York, who were congregated near that place, to re- 
gale themselves with the spectacle of a prize fight. The Gen- 
eral promptly responded to the call ; and immediately put 
everything about the Fort in readiness for the arrest of the 
parties. A detachment of soldiers was sent to Port Penn, and 
a six pounder cannon taken to the bank of the rivei. Three 
small steamers came along, after awhile, closely hugging the 
Jersey shore; a couple of musket shots brought two of them 
to an immediate halt — the third succeeding in passing the Fort. 
Two of the princijials, with a large number of spectators, were 
captured and brought into the Fort, and the prize fighters as- 
signed to the cells. This episode gave us an interesting change ; 
and it was not a little amusing to see the General running 
about in his excitement, ordering everybody into the Fort, or 
to quarters. 

A good service has been done in the capture of these ras- 
cals ; who were not only disturbing the quiet of a retired neigh- 
borhood, by the brutality of a fight, but — by robbery and other 
outrages — deserving summary punishment^ 

1 Tlio following paragraph, in relation to this affair, is clipped from a Phila- 
delphia diii y : 

The Latk Pkize Fights.— All tho parties who were arrested by the orders 
of Gen. Schoepf, llie Oonimundant of Fort Delaware, for being implicated In 
the robberies and outrage at Port Penn, on the occasion of the prize fights on 
Tuesday last, were liberated at a late hour the same evening by order of the 
General, with tho exception of Edward Wilson and Con. Orem, the principals, 
who were handed over to the State autliorities. They were conveyed to tho 
county jail at Now Castle, Delaware, where they still remain, being held in the 
sum of four hundred dollars bail each. 

When the second flght between Orem and Patsy Marley was broken up in 
consequence of the attaclc by the military, who had been sent from Fort Dela- 
ware for th.'it purpose, there was a general dispersion of the spectators in every 
direction; but tliey were met by the soldiers, wlio had been thrown out as 
skirmishers on all sides, and who fl red at every fugitive who refused to stop 
and surrender when called upon to do so. Nearly a hundred were taken in 
thismann<^r; some, however, made good their escape across the country to 
St. Georgia's Stn tion, oa the Baltimore Hue of railroad, and others reached Dela- 
ware City in safety. 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 193 

Had a good talk with Captains Miles and Cannon, two old 
tars, about the dangers of the sea. Capt. Miles is an Eastern 
Shoreman, from Somerset county, Maryland, who has followed 
the sea more than forty years. He is an amiable, kind-hearted 
man, and has some good stories, which he tells with zest, but 
without hyperbole. 

The young men had another- dance in the hall before wor- 
ship; but cheerfully relinquished the sport at the hour for 
evening service, and did not resume it afterward. The attend- 
ance, indeed, was unusually large ; and all were respectful, and 
manifested interest in the services. 

Wednesday/, 28th.- — Wrote Ltters to my wife and daughter 
G , suggesting words of comfort. 

Had a present of a five dollar greenback, from one of the 
" Delaware boys," who has managed to bring a good deal of 
money into the Fort with him, and who makes a generous use 
of it, in aiding his fjllow-prisoners. In my own case this 
kindness was delicately proffered, and I forbear to mention his 
name, simply as a matter of prudence, and in deference to his 
own feelings. 

Poor attendance at prayers ; and a good deal of noise and 
frolicking, which continued until a late hour. 

Thursday, 2dth. — "Was awakened at a very early hour, and 
had no more sleep during the morning. 

Several persons have copied my lines on the " Old Flag." 
Cunningham came in whilst I was occupied in making a tran- 

I^fnre than one hart narrow escapes, their clothes being perforated by the 
Mi nie balls. Fitzgerald etcaped Ijy a clever ruse, having bribed the engineer of 
the steamer on whicii he was wlien siie was captured, to allow liim to act as his 
assistant engineer, while anotlier prominent sporting city official of Phila- 
delphia became, tfmporarily, a coal-passer and fireman : he also escaped de- 
tection. Wilson, when taken, was in a berth on tliesanie b')at, attemled by his 
seconds, wlio were busily engaged in attending to his severe facial injuries. 
Con. Orem, one of the principals in the second fight, was taken on the way to 
the boat at Port Penn, his battered countenance causing him; to be easily re- 
cognized as one of the combatants. Marley, his opponent, escaped detection, 
and reached Philadelphia the same evening. 

13 



194 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

script ; and with his curious eyes read the piece, and inquired 
" who wrote it ? " — but got no reply ; and after making some 
careless comments, passed on. Have been very uneasy, lest 
the thing may be sought for, and its discovery in some way 
add to my discomfort. 

Lieut. Wailes, of the Purnell Legion, called to inform me 
that he was about to leave for Baltimore, with his regiment, 
and to say good-bye. He will carry a message for Colonel 
Purnell. 

About twenty wounded soldiers arrived, this afternoon, by 
way of Philadelphia, from the hospital at Harrisburg. Among 
them were two officers, Capt. E. G. Leach, Co. K, 26th Ala- 
bama Regiment, and Lieut. Miles J. Taylor, Co. H, 23th 
Alabama Regiment. They a23pear to be worthy and pleasant 
gentlemen — the former from Columbus, Mississippi, and the 
latter from Pikeville, Alabama. 

One hundred and forty small-pox cases were reported this 
morning. 

Full attendance at worship. 

Friday, SOth. — The Purnell Legion left the Island, this 
morning, en route for Baltimore, to cast their votes at the ap- 
proaching election. I presume they will all vote, with their 
officers, the Republican ticket. I know it to bo true, however, 
from conversations which I have had Avith several of them, 
that they are heartily nick of the war; and that their sympa- 
thies are strongly with the South. If they had never entered 
the United States service, and they could now make choice in the 
matter, they would gladly connect themselves with the Con- 
federate Army. 

Capt. Ball called on the General for twenty dollars, sent 
him in a letter from a friend ; and was put off with one-fourth 
of that sum, paid in sutler's tlekets — the balance having been 
retained to be doled out to the old gentleman, at the option of 
the Commandant ; and then can only be disbursed at the sut- 
ler's, where the highest prices are invariably imposed. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 195 

Capt. Miles sent a polite note to Col. Graham, requesting 
a short interview before he left the Island ; but the privilege 
was denied, though of great importance to a man who has been 
lying in prison full seven months. 

Dr. Hitch's father visited the Island, to-day, bringing very 
discouraging intelligence for the Delawareans. He saw no 
prospect for their release until after the election. 

Saturday, 31sf. — Got up long before day, intending, as 1 
was unable to sleep, to occupy the early morning in reading 
and study. Had no candle ; and after dressing, was obliged 
to wait a long time for day. The light never seemed so long 
in appearing. Got tired, and fell back into my bunk with my 
clothes on, and was now able to get asleep, and presently opened 
my eyes, somewhat refreshed, upon a rainy morning. 

Mr. Belt has returned from the hospital, entirely well of 
the small- pox, and looking like a new man. He gives an 
affecting account of the sufferings of his fellow-patients ; and 
says that during the seventeen days of his sojourn with them, 
the average number of deaths was five a day. There are now 
one hundred and sixty cases of this loathsome disease. During 
the month, there have been three hundred and seventy-three 
deaths from various diseases ; and to-day the number of burials 
was ten. 

Whiskey bottles are still finding their way into our apart- 
ment ; and the evil effects are constantly visible. Had an op- 
portunity of fully expressing my views on the subject of tem- 
perance, in No. 2, and hope not without influence for good. 

Doctors Hitch and McKown are blowing away on their 
horns, every day, much to the gratification and amusement of 
some of our number, but oftener to the annoyance of others. 
Softer music, as upon the flute, or violin, would now be a plea- 
sant change in our prison life. 

The talk about exchanges is constant, and the alternations 
of hope and despondency are frequent. At this time there 



196 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OK 

seems to be great discouragement, and a general spirit of com- 
plaint at the tardiness of the two Governments. It is certainly 
much to be regretted, that so many thousands should be com- 
pelled to linger out a miserable existence, and then to lie in 
unknown graves, simply to gratify the whims of officials, who 
feel no pain at the horrors of the terrible struggle. The Con- 
federates, at this place, are worn out with disappointment and 
vain hope. Many, at the hospitals, who have been relieved of 
their specific diseases, sink back again into their beds when 
they hear, from day to day, of the failure of the Government 
Commissioners to arrange a cartel ; and it is the testimony of 
all the physicians, that scores of our noble young men, worried 
and worn out by hard living, and long confinement, are fre- 
quently seized with an oppressive home-sickness, and sink 
rapidly into premature graves. 



VI. 

November. 



Sunday, 1st. — Slept very uncomfortably last night, for the 
want of bed-clothing, having divided with Mr. Belt, who has 
recently returned from the hospital. 

Held services, to-day, in No. 1, the weather being too cold 
for the hall. Several were absent, who assign as a reason, the 

disagreeableness of sitting in the same room with S , who 

objects to having his room occupied by tobacco-si^itters, and 
who for other reasons seems unpopular. 

My text in the afternoon was the words : Will a man rob 
God f and at night : Ij the righteous scarcely be saved, where 
shall the ungodly and the sinner appear f Had little liberty in 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 197 

the morning, but succeeded better at night. The seed is sown ; 
eternity will discover the fruit. To God be the glory, what- 
ever the result ! 

The 5th Maryland Regiment took up its quarters opposite 
my window. 

Monday, 2d. — Felt unusually well to-day, and thought it a 
good time to try my hand at the wash-tub. With the assist- 
ance of Ambrose, our principal dabster in this line, got out a 
number of pieces, such as undershirts, stockings, handkerchiefs, 
and towels ; all of which are to be used without ironing. I 
find myself submitting, very cheerfully, to^ clean shirt once a 
week, which is all I can afford to put into the hands of a 
washerwoman — my purse being now reduced to a very few 
dollars, with no prospect ahead. 

Dr. Alexander McCown, (Burns' Battery, Morgan's Divi- 
sion), having requested me to drop a few lines to his father, who 
is a minister of the Presbyterian Church, in Kentucky, it gave 
me pleasure to comply with the request, thinkipg how glad I 
would be to receive a letter from any ministerial acquaintance 
of my own dear son, especially should he be able to give a 
good account of him. Had a free talk with the Doctor on the 
subject of personal religion. Found him in a restless, anxious 
state of mind, desiring to renounce his sins, but excusing him- 
self on the ground of the utter impossibility of accomplishing 
anything, with liis present surroundings. 

Conversed also with Dr. Shepherd, who was accessible and 
respectful, whilst I endeavored to impress his mind with the 
great importance of a Christian life. He is from Collin County, 
Texas, and is surgeon in the 3d Kentucky Cavalry, Morgan's 
Division. He is a very accommodating fellow, and has done 
me some service, through " the underground mail route." 

The surgeons were all moved into the Fort, to-day ; and 
the conjectures are various as to the "why and wherefore;" 
inasmuch as considerable preparations had but recently been 



^^^ UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

made for the improvement of their condition in a building on 
the outside. It is alleged that these quarters are needed for 
another purpose; but it is more probable that " the authori- 
ties deem it necessary further to restrict the privileges of the 
prisoners. 

A sentinel, of the 5th Maryland Regiment, whilst in charge 
ot the pohtical prisoners, made himself quite familiar with 
certain of our number, while we were on the river bank, and 
enjoyed himself much at a game of quoits,-for which he was 
reprimanded by the officer of the day, and ordered to meet 
him at the sally-port. What ensued I could not learn; but 
It is likely that the poor fellow paid the forfeit of the cells 

No papers could be procured to-day for love or money •' al- 
though, on yesterday, they were, for the first time, hawked 
through the rooms, by i>ermission of Capt. Ahl. The news 
of yesterday was rather discouraging to the prisoners; to-day 
It may be less gratifying to the Yankees. 

Tuesdmj, Sd.~~A youth of seventeen or eighteen years of 
age was hung up, a la Sepoy, in front of the convicts' quarters 
lor gettmg drunk, and stealing a pair of boots. This chap' 
though a New Yorker, is a Rebel prisoner, and has been em- 
ployed by the surgeons as a waiter and cook. He is a very 
bad boy; and deserves punishment, more or less, every day 
ihe infliction in this case, though of the barbarous kind was 
not rigidly carried out. The corporal, who seemed to'bea 
humane fellow, tied him loosely, and without elevatin*. his 
arms to the usual extent. The consequence was, that the" bov 
twice slipped his hands; and when another man ti^^htened the 
cords, he forced the officer to let him down, more%han once 
under pretence of an immediate necessity from diarrhoea In 
this way, the cunning fellow divided his time, and got otf with- 
out much suffering. It surprised me to hear him boldly de- 
clare himself a Rebel; and with defiance, sing several frag- 
ments of " contraband " son^^s. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 199 

The " Rebs " are now favored with frequent airings around 
the Island. To-day they are turned out without their usual 
luggage; and their general appearance seemed considerably 
improved. 

Twelve or fifteen Confederate prisoners were brought into 
the Fort, from Pennsylvania hospitals. 

Eight dead bodies were carried to the Jersey shore, this 
morning. 

Wednesday, 4^/i.— The 5th Maryland Regiment left, this 
forenoon, without muskets, for Elkton, or Baltimore, to cast 
their votes for county and State officers. 

Had a visit from Dr. Alex. McCown ; and at his own re- 
quest advised with him, privately, on the subject of personal 
religion. He is evidently in a disturbed state of mind, deeply 
convicted of sin, desirous of a change, but irresolute and, I fear, 
despairing. Suggested the importance of resolution ; warned 
him against irregular habits, and pointed him to the great 
Physician. His case is one deserving great sympathy ; and as 
the son of a brother minister, I feel special concern for his 
eternal well-being. He has, recently, had a severe and danger- 
ous operation performed on his person ; and tells me, that al- 
though apprehending death, he felt too wicked to ask the for- 
giveness of Almighty God. How different were the feelings 
of David, who after his great sins, exclaimed : " O Lord, I am 
oppressed— undertake for me ! " . and again : " Have mercy 
upon me, O Lord, for my sin is great." 

Capt. Cannon's brother came to see him, to-day, and brings 
the intelligence that Gen. Tyler threatens the imprisonment of 
several other citizen^ of Sussex, and that there are some men 
at Laurel, who he says must be banished or shot. 

Dr. Silliman refused, to-day, to allow a prescription of Dr. 
Foster's to be honored at the dispensary ; and demanded of 
Tibbetts, who carried the paper, to know by what authority 
Doctor F. assumed to practice among the political prisoners. 



200 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Until now, we were under tlie impression that Dr. Foster had 
jiot only full liberty to prescribe in our apartment, but that he 
had been regularly appointed to do ao. He has, certainly, 
been very kind and attentive ; and has given general satisfac- 
tion on our floor. Silliman's opposition to what is pleasant, 
and acceptable to us, gives us no better opinion of the Medical 
Director, e-pecially as he affords us, himself, little, or no at- 
tention.' 

Have been suffering, to-day, with severe pains in my back 
and shoulders, having caught cold from insufficient clothing, 
and the absence of a stove in the room. 

Carpenters are at work putting up more comfortable bunks 
in all the rooms. 

In consequence of being so unwell, brought JNIr. Belt's ser- 
vices into requisition at worship ; and after reading a chapter 
myself, called upon him to lead in prayer. 

Thursday, 5th. — Still suffering with rheumatism, in my 
neck and shoulders. 

Walked out, as usual, in the afternoon ; and fell in with a 
number of " Rebs," who were unloading a vessel at the M^harf. 
The guards were unusually lenient, and interposed no obstacle 
in the way of free conversation with the men. The Dela- 
wareans, who had never enjoyed this opportunity before, made 
good the occasion; posted themselves in regard to various 
matters of iutorest ; and Hearn, who seems to be pretty flush 
of cash, enjoyed the opportunity of bestowing a handful of 
small notes, which were gratefully . accepted by the needy 
prisoners. 

Licut.-Col. Irving, Assistant Exchange Officer, visited the 
Island, to-day, to investigate the condition of the prisoners. 
He had an interview with the surgeons ; but the political 
prisoners were not honored with his inspection. The Colonel 
says, a plan of exchange — man for man, according to grade — 
is now proposed : which, being acceptable to both parties. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 201 

must lead to a speedy result. A hope, though faint, is thus 
agaiu awakened among our tired and neglected soldiers, sur- 
geons, and citizen j^risoners. 

Friday, 6th. — The old bunks in No. 6 were torn down this 
morning, and new ones erected in their stead. This will add 
greatly to our comfort ; as the miserable, rough boards upon 
which we have been sleeping, heretofore, were literally swarm- 
ing with bed-bugs. In tearing these away, we had quite a 
scene — the floor being strewed with the nasty insects, and 
every man in the room stamping, striking with sticks, and 
in various other ways, endeavoring to exterminate the vermin. 
Our condition, through the summer, as we have contended 
with bed-bugs, mosquitoes, stench, heat, and lice, has been 
almost' intolerable. In regard to the last, however, I must 
add, that in our room we have been comparatively free from 
them — being indebted to neighbors, and visitors, for the few 
stragglers that have crept in amongst us. As for myself, I 
have been fortunate enough, so far, as not to find a single 
wanderer upon my person, or clothing; but to the dismay of 
myself, and equally neat and cleanly bed-fellow, Shreve, they 
have been discovered sufficiently often (two or three times at 
least) to keep us always apprehensive. A prison, at best, is a 
miserable place. 

A letter is found in ihe Philadelphia Inquirer, of to-day, 
giving a terrible account of the sufferings of the Yankee pris- 
oners at Richmond. The statement is, palpably, exaggerated 
and high colored ; and bears the impress of prejudice, and 
great effort for effect. Almost every illustration adduced in 
the article, will apply to Fort Delaware, and to these may be 
added instances of individual cruelty, and oppression, which 
would put to shame the unscrupulous statements of this 
writer, who claims to have been a Federal Chaplain. 

It has not been uncommon here for our half-clothed, half- 
fed Confederates at the barracks, to be ordered about in the 



202 TTNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

coarsest and roughest manner, by their inferiors; and to be 
knocked on the head with sticks ; or to be stuck with bayo- 
nets, for the slightest offences ; and, sometimes, (for no crime 
whatever) men have been shot at, or cruelly murdered by 
sentinels, who bore malice, and justified themselves upon the 
plea that they were trying to prevent escapes. Sick men 
have been kept at the barracks until perfectly emaciated 
from diarrhoea, without the necessary sick vessels ; and have 
been obliged to stagger, through the quarters, to the out- 
house on the bank of the river, with filth streaming upon 
their legs ; and then unable to help themselves, they have 
fallen upon the pathway, and have been found dead in the 
morning— victims of cruel neglect. Barefooted, bareheaded, 
and ragged men, tottering with disease, have been left to 
suffer long for the necessary clothing, or medicines, which 
might have been abundantly supplied ; men, scarcely con- 
valescent, have been made to walk from one end of the Island 
to the other, in changing hospitals, thus bringing on a re- 
lapse in almost every case, and have died in a few days there- 
after. Physicians, in contract service, have gone daily into 
the hosjiitals, saturated with liquor ; and without looking at 
the tongue, or feeling the pulse, have tantalized the poor 
sufferers with the prescription, " Oh, you must eat ! You 
must eat ! " and without either furnishing them with medi- 
cine or meat, have left them to die. Sick men on entering the 
hospitals, have been denuded of their clothing ; and Avhen 
getting a little better, have been forced to walk over damp 
floors in their stocking-feet and drawers, to the water-closet, 
at a remote end of the building — thus exposing themselves 
to cold and the danger of relapse. Men have been dismissed 
from the hospitals to go to Point Lookout, without hat, shoes 
or blanket; hundreds have been exposed to the danger of 
contracting the small-pox from coffins filled with loathsome 
bodies, left for hours together on the wharf, whilst j^ris- 
oners have been embarking for exchange; the dispensary 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 203 

has remained, not otilj for days, but for weeks together, 
without some of the most important and common medi- 
cines; prisoners have been "bucked and gagged," for the 
most trivial offences; and the very dead have been robbed 
of their last shirts, placed in rough coffins, perfectly naked, 
and then hurried into shallow, unmarked graves. 

Much of all this crueity and inhumanity may not have 
been designed by those highest in authority; and had they 
known it, might not have received their sanction; but it has 
occurred under their administration, and they are, to a greater 
or less extent, accountable for it all. Were full details given 
in relation to these matters, they would be astounding, and 
perhaps incredible. In this place, they are referred to, with 
no disposition to exaggerate, nor to prejudice. Some of them 
could not, perhaps, have been well avoided ; but are recorded 
simply as an offset to the " Chaplain's " details. 

T— — has been frolicking nearly all this week, and to- 
day is completely upset — so much so, that he has been 
blustering, and scolding continually ; and, to-night, has borne 
down so hard, even upon me, that I have been obliged to 
speak to him pretty sharply, and have thus given pain to 
myself, as well as to him. I think he will be sorry for it, to- 
morrow ; and, perhaps, may be benefitted by his fall. 

Having plenty of room in No. 6, since the new arrange- 
ment of bunks — the weather being too cold for services in the 
hall— the company assembled in that room, to-night. 

Saturday, 7th. — Found my new bunk quite comfortable; 
but suffered somewhat, in the night, with an unpleasant 
cough. 

Had a visit, in our apartment, this morning, from Gen. 
Schoepf, Capt. Ahl, and Dr. Silliman — the object being to in- 
spect the quarters. They were all in a remarkably pleasant 
mood, and seemed disposed to make us as comfortable as pos- 
•sible — which is the more remarkable, as we heard only yes- 



204 UNITED STATES BONDS; OFw 

terday, of the terrible sufferings of the prisoners at Richmond ! 
The three officers came into No. 6, and made themselves quite 
affable; looked around with unusual scrutiny; remained a 
longer time than in any other room ; and left us, with good 
impressions, as to our prospects, as prisoners, for the future. 
The General was particular in inquiring after my own health, 
and that of Mr. Belt, whom he appeared surprised to see — not 
having heard of his return from the hospital. He inquired 
whether I was in the habit of taking exercise in the open 
air. I told him that w6 had the opportunity of an hour, 
every day, and that I generally availed myself of the privi- 
lege. 

" You don't want to be out all the time," said he. 
" Oh, no, not all the time," I replied. 
"You go out!" he. rejoined. "Stay out as long as you 
please — stay out all day if you choose ! " 

I expressed myself obliged to him, wondering, at the same 
time, how this verbal permit was to be of any service to me in 
passing the numerous sentinels on the Island, when not accom- 
panied by the usual guard. I could only understand it as 
meaning that he had no personal objections to my enjoying the 
privilege, and was the more fully assured, when he remarked 
to me, aside, " You know how it is — some objections have 
been made." 

This is probably true, and I might noM', perhaps, have 
been in possession of the parole, but for the feeling of one or 
two fellow-prisoners, who can see no reason why they should 
not be allowed the same privilege ; and who may have com- 
plained accordingly. 

Dr. Silliman wanted to know how his vaccine cases had 
resulted ; and was informed, that not one had succeeded. This 
was what we had all expected from the hasty and careless 
manner he exhibited in manipulating his new-fashioned vaccine 
lancet — apparenley with more disposition to display the rapidity 
with which he could operate, than to accomplish a. good result. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 205 

The men, about twenty-five or thirty in number, were all op- 
erated upon, as he sat, carelessly smoking — the instrument 
being dipped a single time into the matter, in each instance, 
and then sprung upon the arm. So much for the new mode 
of vaccination; and it must have been mortifying to the 
Doctor, when he learned that Atwood had since succeeded in 
getting good scabs upon some half a dozen of his patients, from 
virus inserted with a penknife. But this he objected to, assert- 
ing that no scab from an adult arm was of value for vaccine 
purposes. 

Had a letter from my wife, in which she says that she 
has received information from Portsmouth, of the death of 
Mrs. Wright, wife of the highly-respected physiciaa who was 
lately so tragically brought to his death by the Yankees, at 
Norfolk. She also says, that the eldest daughter has neither 
wept nor slept since her father's death. How dreadful this 
affair! By a majority of the citizens of Norfolk and Ports- 
mouth, the Doctor is considered a martyr. 

Capt. Leach, and Lieuts. Taylor and Williams left us, 
this evening, to occupy the same apartment with the surgeons, 
lately removed into the Fort. This arrangement was effected 
by the General, who seemed surprised to find them among the 
political prisoners. 

A Mr. Pearson, of "Washington, who is a member of the 
First Maryland Cavalry, sentenced to imprisonment for the 
war, by a late court-martial, was brought into our apartment, 
and selected a bunk in No. 7. 

Sunday, Sth. — Preached this morning to a small congrega- 
tion, in my own room, from Isaiah Ivii. 21 : ''There is no peaces 
&c." ; and at night, in the Hall, from the words : "The gift of 
God is eternal life." Felt discouraged to find so few in attend- 
ance, in the forenoon. The absentees, now, are chiefly the to- 
bacco-chewers, who are unwilling to abstain from the weed for 
one hour, — a piece of self-denial which is demanded of them 



206 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

by the acknowledged habits of neatness practised in No. 6. 
Dr. Foster, from the surgeons' quarters, came up and joined 
in our worship — thus manifesting a greater interest in the 
preaching of the AVord, than some who would not have been 
obliged to walk more than the length of the passage. 

The surgeons seem anxious to have me preach for them 
again. As no unusual movement can be made here, without 
special authority, I have consented to do so, as soon as they 
secure the necessary permit. 

A number of prisoners were brought to the Island from 
Fort Norfolk, to-day. Most of them have undergone a sort 
of trial, and have been condemned to imprisonment, for a term 
of months, or for the war. Among them are Messrs. Charles 
H. Drummond, and John Shanks, of Norfolk, and Jesse D. 
Sykes, of Princess Anne County, Va. I remember Shanks 
quite well, as one of the " underground " mail carriers, between 
the "Twin Cities" and Richmond, whom I furnished with a 
number of letters for his first trip. Two Northern men — named 
Cannon, and Johnston — caught under suspicious circumstances, 
within the Yankee lines near Suffolk, are also of the Fort 
Norfolk company, and have been assigned to quarters with the 
political prisoners. 

Our company walked out, in the afternoon, but I preferred 
to keep my room, not only on account of a severe cough and 
cold, but as an example to others in keeping the Sabbath, as I 
have invariably done since I have been in prison. 

Monday, 9th. — Have been informed, that my old friend, 
and brother in the ministry. Rev. H. C. Fries, of Laurel, Del., 
is circulating a paper with a view to obtaining names, as peti- 
tioners for my release. He has my grateful remembrance for 
his interest in my behalf. To aid this effort, Capt. Long, a 
fellow-prisoner, has addressed a letter to Dr. Mustard, of Bal- 
*more Hundred, Sussex County, Del., requesting him to get the 
signatures of friends in that section; and Dr. McKown has 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 207 

written to Smyrna on the same subject. A fearless and perse- 
vering effort might, possibly, accomplish the desired result ; 
but these are days when almost every man is afraid of his 
shadow, and when a] ) f;eem to think they have enough to do to 
look >f*^er themselves. X shall not be disappointed at unfavor- 
able results ; but it will be gratifying to find old acquaintances 
coming to my help, in the day of trial, as well to prove that 
friendship is more than a name, as for my individual comfort 
and happiness. 

Tuesday, 10th. — The last month of autumn is now fast pass- 
ing away, and we are still without stoves in Nos. 4 and 6 — all 
the other rooms having been supplied. True, we have access 
to our neighbors' fires, but in doing so, we must always be in 
a crowd, and frequently in the way of others. We would like 
to have opportunities for private reading and writing; and 
there are times when we must necessarily be at home, however 
uncomfortable the rooms. I have suffered considerably, at 
times, in trying to domesticate myself. To-day the cold has 
been intense. Gen. Schoepf and Capt. Ahl have both promised 
fairly enough, but — much to our discomfort — are slow to ac- 
complish. 

Were allowed to walk out, this afternoon, under guard ; but 
some of us found it rather too chilly to enjoy the privilege ; 
and others kept themselves warm by pitching quoits on the 
bank. It. has been long since I tried this sport, and I felt no 
inclination to renew my acquaintance with it, though now 
shivering in the keen air from the bay. 

It is said, that six new Yankee physicians have been intro- 
duced iuto the hospitals. They have not arrived before their ser- 
vices M'ere needed. Several of our own physicians are diligently 
at work there ; and others, perhaps, could have been profitably 
employed ; but various obstacles have opposed, and between 
the "authorities," and the surgeons, the sick have suffered. A 
grave responsibility exists somewhere. 



208 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OK 

Wednesday, 11th. — The inmates of No. 4 had a high timG 
last night. It would be difficult to say Avho was most under 
the influence of the spree. One thing is certain, they were all 
jolly enough ; and such laughing, halloing, lacing and kicking 
up, we have not heard in our apartment, since it has been my 
lot to be shut up in this jilace, where there are men of all tastes 
and habits. It was a long time before I found it possible to 
sleep — except at intervals — being aroused frequently by noises 
that " make night hideous." I feel sorry for these young men, 
who are generally representatives of respectable fimilics — and 
the more so, as several of them are still in their teens, whilst 
others have barely reached adult years. 

• Pat. Hearn, of Laurel, Del., was called out, this, morning, 
to go to Wilmington, for examination, before Gen. Tyler. 
Gen. Schoepf left for the same place j and it is hoped, that 
other cases will be brought to the attention of T.yler, and that 
several of our number will shortly be released. As Hearn's 
offence is a slight one, he will doubtless be released — especially, 
as it is thought he will vote the Republican ticket, at the ap- 
proaching election. 

Spent nearly all the forenoon, of to-day, in conversation 
with the Norfolk men, who are quartered in No. 5. Was 
amused by the skill of Mr. Sykes, who is a great adept in the 
use of the knife, and manufactures many wooden curiosities. 

Had a temperance talk in No. 7, and made a full disclosure 
of my views on that subject, hoping thus to cast some bread 
upon the waters. Was gratified at the attention manifested, 
and the evident impression upon some minds. 

The attendance at prayers continues full ; and the outward 
respect for the Word spoken, is all that can be desired. 

Thursday, 12th. — An Irishman, by the name of Farley, 
belonging to Company Q, has been bringing various articles 
of clothing into our room, and selling them at greatly reduced 
prices. To-day he was arrested, and committed to the cells on 
a charge of stealing. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 209 

Slaughter Bradford, of Culpeper County, Va. — a neighbor 
of John Minor Botts — came into our apartment, to-day, as a 
prisoner ; and by invitation joined our mess in No. 6, until 
other arrangements can be made. He Avas about to become 
the bed-fellow of one of the most disagreeable and obnoxious 
men in the apartment ; but we thought it too bad, and I was 
the more Milling to prevent this result, when I found that he 
had specially requested to be placed with decent and intelligent 
men ; and that he had been encouraged, before coming in, by 
the mention of my name. Enjoyed a pleasant conversation 
with this gentleman, in the afternoon and evening; found him 
well posted in regard to the affairs of the South ; was gratified 
to learn the good condition of Gen. Lee's army ; discovered 
him to be a man after my own heart on the subject of the oath ; 
and was pleased to find that he is a professor of religion, and 
to see him on his knees, before going to bed. 

Good attendance at prayers. Mr. Bradford expressed great 
interest in the services, and offered to assist. 

Friday, \Mh. — Capt. Cannon's brother came to the Island,, 
expecting an interview ; but was not allowed to see him. • He 
was permitted to walk, under guard, to Capt. Ahl's office, where 
he left his valise, containing a few necessaries, and was im- 
mediately escorted back to the wharf, and ordered to leave 
forthwith. 

The sickness seems to have been on the decline for a few 
days past. Only two burials occurred to-day. There are one 
hundred and ffti/ small-pox cases, however, and the hospitals 
are full of patients. 

Gen. Schoepf has returned from Wilmington ; but we have 
not yet heard anything about the release of prisoners. Mr. 
Bradford has had an interview wiili him ; was courteously re- 
ceived ; and will, probably, be assigned to other quarters. 

Some wild fellows got off a good "sell" on Shreve — 
greatly to his disappointment, but which he bore with be- 
14 



210 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

coming grace. Taylor dressed himself in a Yankee overcoat, 
and hurriedly approached 'him wit'.i a call from the General. 
Hoping for favorable intelligence, from some friend trying for 
his release — off hj went to get the good news ; but had only 
descended a few steps, on the stairway, when Taylor revealed 
himself, and a loud laugh was heard at Shreve's expense 

Saturda]/, 14th. — Arose with a severe headache; and im- 
mediately after dressing, had to retreat to my bunk. AVas, 
presently, quite sick, and sent for Dr. Foster, wlio gave me a 
couple of anti-bilious pills, which kept me in bed all day — but 
the event proved that they wore much needed. Tibbets and 
Belt waited on me, with clo-e attention and kindness, and 
proved themselves to be true friends in my trouble. Dr. 
Foster was kind enough to report my indisposition to Capt. 
Ahl; and through the agency of the two gentlemen, I had the 
good fjrtune to have my parole renewed by the General, in the 
following words : 

"Dr. Handy has permission to walk around the Island, 
during day time, on account of his healtli. 

A. SciiCEPF, Brig -Gen. Comer g." 

Four men were drummed nround " the Pea Patch," to-day, 
with b ;rrels over their heads, as a punishment for stealing. 
They had betn employed as cooks at the barracks, and were, 
no doubt, guilty of the charge. 

"\^ as (oo sick t) conduct worship. Mr. Belt preferring" 
to be excused, the services were omitted. 

Mr. Bradford left us, and went into the room with Col. 
Waring. 

SiLnday, \bih. — We had no religious services-.— this being 
■{\xQ first Sabbath thus jiassed since I have been in prison. 
Rpgn tte 1, exceedingly, that the usual routine should liave to 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 211 

be interrupted ; but felt too week to kave ray bed, and of 
course, liad to submit. 

Surgeons Haynie, and Ware called in to see me, and con- 
tinued an hour or two in ^^leasant conversation. Tlioy have 
had an intimation, that the doctors will leave some time this 
week. 

Occupied a portion of the day in reading " The Dairyman's 
Daughter," and enjoyed it quite as much as if I had not 
often read it. 

Five men attempted to escape, last night, from the bar- 
racks. Two of the poor fellows were drowned ; and the other 
three were picked up, by a vessel, and returned to the Island. 

Tibbefs having kept the light burning rather to;)' Icng, to- 
night, some one called from the other side of the Fort, and 
ordered it to be put out. The voice was heard, but not un- 
derstood ; and, iu a few minutes. Adjutant Black c:uiie into 
the room, and repeated the order with considerable petulance 
and abruptness. Tibbets tried to explain ; but it was of no 
use, and the light soon disappeared. Were there any regu- 
larity about this rule, there would have been no trouble; but 
the sentinels, themselves, often have a candle burning in the 
hall — and we, sometimes, have lights in the rooms, until after 
ten o'clock. 

Monday, 1 6^/1.— My health, to-day, was much improved. 
Felt well enough to walk out ; and meeting with Col. Waring 
and ]\Ir. Bradford, had quite a pleasant interview with these 
gentlemen. Took a glass of lemonade with the Colonel in his 
own room. Spent a portion of the morning, also, in sewing, 
and in writing to my wife. 

Was drawn into a conversation, in No. 7, with Shanks, 
and others, on the subject of predestination. Gave my views 
in detail ; and, I believe, with some degree of satisfaction to 
these who had provoked the talk. 

Two " rebs " were drummed around, to-day, with barrels 
on their heads, b'lt could not learn their offence. 



212 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

Tuesday, 11th. — Quite an excitement all day, occasioned by 
the anticipated exodus of the entire body of surgeons — most 
of whom left this evening. Wrote to Richmond, by Dr. 
Haynie, and sent a couple of melainotypes to my dear son, and 
daughter. Regretted parting with these gentlemen — many of 
whom seem to have been interested in my preaching, and have 
treated me with great respect. Last Sabbath, they had ob- 
tained from Capt. Ahl special permission for servic;^, at their 
quarters ; but my sickness prevented. Several of them have 
promised to visit my daughter, in Richmond ; and have as- 
sured me of their purpose to see certain friends, with a view 
to giving them information of my present condition, and of 
my hopelessness of release without some special effort in my 
behalf at the South. 

Dr. Newell's last night was spent in the cells — having 
given Adjutant Black some severe words, on account of his 
orders about putting out the lights. Hearing that the sur- 
geons were to leave in the morning, Newell ran hastily into 
the room, to announce the fact to the company ; and, for a joke, 
told the party that they would be allowed to continue their 
lights, for an hour or two, to write to their friends. All went 
to work, immediately, with pen, ink, and paper ; but a ser- 
geant soon made his appearance, and flirted out the lights, 
with his own hands. Newell went down, either really or 
under pretence of appealing to the General, when he was ac- 
costed by Black, who ordered him to his room. Some alter- 
cation took place, hard words passed, and Newell was shut up 
in the sally-port for the night. 

Mr. Bradford was released this morning, on his parole of 
honor, to remain north of Philadelphia, until exchanged, or 
by some other arrangement unconditionally released. Learn- 
ing that my daughter was in Richmond, he very kindly made 
me a present of a sum of Confederate money, which he wished 
nic to send her by the surgeons. 

Fourteen prisoners of war were brought to the Fort, most 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 213 

of them Gettysburg men. Among the number is a Maj. Ham- 
mond, of New Market, Md., who being under charges, was as- 
signed to quarters with the political prisoners. 

Two of the physicians, who went oflP this morning, were 
taken from their sick beds. They were both sufferers from ton- 
sillitis. Had some conversation with Dr. Robinson, and left 
him with earnest wishes for his restoration to health, and his 
spiritual well-being. After our separation, the Doctor sent me 
a fine copy of Shakspeare, as a present. Gave Dr. Shepherd, 
and Dr. McKown, some friendly advice, which they received 
kindly — the latter manifesting considerable emotion. I left 
the company, glad for them, but regretting to lose their society. 
Several of these gentlemen requested copies of my verses, " Is 
that the Old Flag ? " and were furnished accordingly. 

Dr. McKown, (dentist), of Smyrna, Del., was released to- 
day, after taking the oath of allegiance. 

Received a letter from Miss Lydia Jefferson — for which she 
has my thanks, as one of the few friends who have ventured 
a word of sympathy in my imprisonment. 

Wednesday, ISth. — Drs. Foster, Cleaver, Webb, and Raines 
did not get off yesterday, as expected ; but left early this morn- 
ing, for Baltimore, on their way to Kentucky. All these gen- 
tlemen, good and true Southern men, have, from very peculiar 
circumstances, been obliged to take the oath of allegiance to 
the U. S. Government. Strange to say, they did not know, 
until the evening before they left, that they would be allowed 
to do this ; and nothing but special and powerful influences 
could have secured their release, even in this way. They will, 
no doubt, be able to justify themselves with their friends at 
the South ; but I regret the strange necessity, and the evil that 
must result to the cause, from tiie precedent established by 
such men. With Foster, Cleaver and Webb I have become 
wey acquainted ; and have found them to be intelligent, hon- 
orable and worthy men, and none of the physicians have been 



214 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

more faithful or sl<ilful in their attendance upon our tick sol- 
diers. Mr. Bradford left on the same boat wiJi the surgeons, 
expecting to take the cars at New Castle, for the North, where 
he is to remain un'.il exchanged, or permitted by the Lincoln 
administration to return to his home in Virginia. 

We have, suddenly and unexpectOLlly, been called upon to 
change our quarters, just as we were beginning to get a little 
comfortable.. Yesterday, we got a stove in No. G, — after no 
little suflering for the want of it. Having rearranged our 
boxes, shelve-, books, &c., we were settling ourselves down, 
with the idea that we Avere about as well off as could be ex- 
pected in prison, when all our hopes were disajjpointed ; and 
we were orelered to " pluck up stakes," and move, bag and 
baggage, into the apartment just vacated by the Confederate 
surgeons. 

We are now in a room about sixty feet long, by thirty wide ; 
in which are arranged three rows of bunks — one three tiers 
high, running through the whole length of the room, down the 
mieldie; and the other two being built against the walls on 
either siele, with one tier less than the middle row. At the 
east end of the building, are three good-sized winelows, opening 
towards the interior of the Fort, but affording no view even of 
the yard, in front, on account of the frame building, which rises 
immediately before them. At the other end of the house, are 
four narrower openings, of the same length with those in front ; 
which once were furnished with sash and glass, but arc, now, 
wholly without either. They are temporarily closed with rough 
boards, through the crevices of which is constantly emitted a 
stro.ig current of air — to which is opposed no counteracting 
influence, save the heat from an okl co;U stove, entirely inade- 
quate for the comfort of the room. The quarters were origin- 
ally intended for soldiers ; and the fifty-six double bunks are 
capable of lodging 112 men. We shall have no j)rivacy, of 
course ; and must suffer from cold, if the windows are not im- 
mediately repau'ed. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 215 

Received a letter from my wife, which has been several days 
on its route, — the distance to come being oniy about six miles. 
These delays frequently occur with my letters, both going and 
coming ; and often they never reach their destination, at either 
end. Several of my most important letters (but never contain- 
ing anything that can be injurious to the Federal Government) 
are either suppressed, or very strangely diverted from their 
course. In at least three instances, I have been greatly disap- 
pointed in this way ; and how much oftener letters may have 
been lost, I know not. 

The news in regard to exchange is eagerly sought for, by 
the prisoners ; and alternations of hope and despondency are 
constant and curious. The correspondence, published in the 
papers of to-day, between Messrs. Ould and Mcriileth, affords 
some degree of encouragement, as Judge Oukl indicates a desire 
for a general exchange, including non-combatants. Unless 
something is done shortly, many poor fellows here must die 
from disappointment, or despair. 

Walked around the Island, a number of times, to-day; and 
spent an hour or more with Col. Waring, who lias kindly 
invited me to occupy his table when I may wish to enjoy 
more privacy than can be found in our new quarters. 

The lights were ordered to be put out, immediately after 
taps ; and as soon as the sentinel left the room, a scene of con- 
fusion occurred in the darkness, reminding one of Babel, or 
Pandemonium. Every man, of the forty-two, seemed to be 
trying, in some way or other, to make himself heard. Some 
were talking; some singing; some barking like dogs; some 
imitating the mewing of cats ; others blowing, or breaking their 
wind — all excited to the utmost, and no one regarding it as 
possible, or even desiring to sleep. As for myself, I could only 
lie upon my bed, sometimes amused, sometimes disgusted, some- 
times amazed and thoughtful, under the new and strange cir- 
cumstances in which I was, now, living and breathing. 

Tibbetts and I have joined bedding, and have agreed to 



216 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

continue bunking together. He has more blankets than my- 
self; and I am b ■tt.T supplied with sheets and pillow-cases. 
By this arrangement we shall both of us, probably, be more ' 
comfortable, NotAvithstanding occasional irregularities, he is 
a good fellow. We have formed a new mess, embracing Capt. 
Ball, Mr. Belt, Tibbetts and myself. Tibbets will attend as a 
sort of commissary and cook, and for his services, will be re- 
lieved of all expense in furnishing money and supplies. 

By the change of, quarters, we shall get the better of the 
Adversary, in regard to oiir religious services. We are now 
all in one room, where everybody will be obliged to hear, even 
if they do not come forward to take part; and it is not lui- 
likely that we shall generally have the whole company, as the 
table will be j)laced near the stove, around which the prisoners 
will be gathered. There were no absentees from the evening 
worship ; and I announced my purpose to continue the ser- 
vices, every night, and on the Sabbath, until there shall be 
some oieu and positive objection. 

Thursday, Idtli. — Slept pretty well, after I got under way; 
but was awakened early by the snoring, grunting, teeth-grat- 
ing, and other noises of various individuals still under the in- 
fluence of the leaden god. 

After breakfast, everybody seemed quietly to settle down to 
business, study, or amusement. The three front windows were 
taken possession of by the ring-makers; and a stranger coming 
in, might, at first glanco, have mistaken our quarters for some 
wholesale jeweller's establishment. In ditferent parts of the 
room various tables were set out, around which were gathered 
the back-gammon, and card and chess players. Several j)ersons 
were engaged in reading; and now and then could be heard 
the sound of a hammer, or saw, in the hands of those who 
wtre endeavoring to make improvements about their bunks. 

It is reported, that about thirty men have recently esraped 
from the Island, in coffins, sent from the dead-house, under the 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL ATJTHOEITY. 217 

impression that they were persons who had died of small-pox. 
To what extent this report is true, I cannot say; but it is gen- 
erally believed, as there seem to be peculiar facilities for escap- 
ing in this way, on account of the repulsiveness of the disease 
and the manner in which the bodies are removed. 

The stars and stripes have been flying at half-mast, all day, 
to call attention to the services which took place in the neigh- 
borhood of Gettysburg at tlie inauguration of the " National 
Cemetery." It seemed to have an ominous import, in regard 
to the election going on, at the same time, in the little Diamond 
State, across the river, and in full view of hundreds of voters. 
Some of the Yankee soldiers actually thought that the flag was 
lowered on account of some adverse Republican election; but, 
of course, they had no idea o£ the death of freedom, at the polls, 
which it seemed so strikingly to indicate. 

The attention at worship, to-night, was very marked and 
close. 

Friday, 20th. — Four months ago, to-day, I was arrested 
and brought to this prison. How rapidly the time passes ! I 
can scarcely realise that it has been so long. Surely, it is not 
because I have been so pleasantly situated, or so free from care. 
It is of God's good providence, that the weeks and mouths 
have not dragged along with slower, and tormenting heaviness. 
They have been weary and trying enough ; but many things 
have occurred to mitigate my hardships, to engage the mind, 
and to make this epoch of my life of peculiar profit to myself 
and others. 

Received a letter from my relative, Mrs. Benj. Caulk, of 
Newark, Del., announcing the coming of a large box of 
clothing, contributed by the ladies of that place, and which 
they wished me to have the pleasure of distributing. I shall 
look with interest for its arrival, and will be happy to be the 
almoner of these good ladies. 

The satisfaction of my parole is considerably lessened, by 



218 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

the fact that I have no company in my walks. Col. Waring 
is the only man enjoying t!iis privilege, besides myself — except 
Gibson and Grady, who are employed as clerks in Capt. Ahl's 
office, and are seldom met with in my rounds. I miss the 
surgeons, exceedingly — their exit having made a striking 
change in the appearance of" Rebeldom," on the Ishxnd. 

The card-players have been devoting themselves, with un- 
usual continuance, to tlieir fascinating amusement. They have 
scarcely left the tables, through the day; and long after mid- 
night they were still throwing the painted pasteboards, and 
winning or losing small sums to "add interest to the games." 
Everybo'.ly else was annoyed, and regarded the interruption as 
a nuisance Popular feeling will prevent a repetition of this 
midnight gaming. 

Ten interments to-day. 

Saturday, 2\st. — We have had a very disagreeable, rainy 
day; and I have suffered considerably with a cold. Notwith- 
standing the weather, and my bad health, I ventured to run 
across the Fort yard to see the chaplains, hoping to get some 
new reading matter for the approaching Sabbath. 

Had pleasant interviews, both with Mr. Paddock, and Mr. 
Way. Found thorn particularly affable and communicative; 
and sp-nt fully two hours in the rooms of the two gentlemen, 
being most of the time M'ith Ddr. Way, wdiose wife was with 
him, and seemed to be interested in the circumstances of ray 
arrest and imprisonment. Obtained a good supply of papers, 
Testamen'.s, and prayer-books for distribution. 

There are still about six hundred sii^k persons in the hos- 
pitals, including one hundred and sixty-jive cases of small-pox. 
Seven Confederates were buried to-day. 

The b:)xes from Mrs, Caulk and Mrs. Rankin have not yet 
been received. 

Sunday, 22c?. — My sermon, this morning, was from Gal. v. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 219 

23 : " They that are Christ's have crucified the flesh, unlh the offec- 
tionsand lusts." Theattention was excellent, until Cunningham 
came with a package (and went about hunting for (he owner), 
and a few moments afterward, a call was made at the door for 
dium r. 

These interruptions occnr, as if hy des'gn, almost every 
Sabbath. Cunningham knows well the hour for st'i vice, and 
couM e.jsily defer h s visi s for half an hour, or more. The 
call for <Ii;iner, at half-past e rven, as given to-day, M'as irreg- 
ular and improper. I s opped i nmedlatc'y, ai;d remarked to 
the company that they c uld withdraw f r dinner, or I would 
go on, as they might prefer. Not an individual left his seat, 
and I continued my discourse, as I trust, to the edification of 
some. 

The usual services at niglit. Addressed the company in 
some hortatory remarks, without a text. 

Kept the house all day. The prisoners, generally, walked 
out in the af ernoon. The Ni.rfolk m6n reported a conversa- 
tion they had had with a man named Smi.h, f:om Princess 
Anne County, Va,, who was on duty as a sentinel. He said 
he had taken the oath of allegiance t) the United States Gov- 
ernment, to escape the field; but, much to his disappointment, 
he had been forced to join the Yaidieo army. 

Some of the company being a little tiu^ly in extinguishing 
their lights, the sentinel came in, and ordere;! them to be put 
out immediately. Rough words passed, of course. 

Monday, 23c?. — Capt. Leach, and Lieuts. Williams, and Tay- 
lor left us, tliis morning, for Johnson's Island. We are sorry to 
part with these clever fellows ; but hope their condition will be 
improved. Capt. Leach is a profe-sor of religion, in the Metho- 
dist Episcopal Church, and belonged to a North Carolina regi- 
ment, which had ten captains, of whom ei^ht were professing 
Christians. In his own company, there were forty-eight men 
who had named the name of Christ. Leach, Taylor and 



220 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Williams have all been wounded in the service of their 
country. 

Several ladies, from Norfolk and Portsmouth, visited the 
Island, this afternoon, and desired ])ermission to see me ; but 
were not allowed the privilege. I can see no reason why I 
should be thus specially interdicted. 

Crossing the bridge, handed a paper to one of the " Rebs," 
and found myself closely Avatched by tlie Provost-Marshal, 
who, as soon as I left, stopped the man to see what I had given 
him. The paper contained the correspondence between the 
Federal and Confederate Commissioners of Exchange, and was 
the same in which Judge Ould so clearly exhibits the men- 
dacity of the Yankee officials. 

Atwood was very unexpectedly released, this morning, after 
an imprisonment of nearly eight months, on charges of harbor- 
ing Yankee deserters, acting as a guide to the army, and of 
being a spy. He was never brought to trial ; because, as I 
suppose, there was no evidence of his guilt. He is a citizen 
of Loudon County, Va., a stone-cutter by trade, and a very 
good fellow. We shall miss him as one of our prison artists. 

We have news, to-day, of arrests in Norfolk, by the exe- 
crable Butler, through the agency of negro troops, evidently in- 
tended to exasperate the people, and to arouse thera to such 
opposition as to give him some plea for severe measures, by 
which he may more readily and justifiably crush out the life 
of the people. 

More cai'd-playing than usual, to-day. Sometimes we have 
very little of this vice, and at other times there is a revival ; but 
it is confined to a limited circle, and some of the old players 
are drawing off. A great deal of noise and confusion after 
bed-time — which continued even long after all had retired. 

Slept uncomfortably ; troubled by a cough; and was obliged 
to take medicine. 

Tuesday, 24^A. — A rainy day, which was spent mostly in 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 221 

writing. Suffering from cold and headache ; and was obliged 
to commission Mr. Belt to conduct evening worship. 

On a close inspection of my undershirt, this morning, had 
the mortification of finding two "grey backs" — making three 
caught upon my person since I have been in prison. Some of 
my neighbors find them every morning, and some are said to 
be covered with them. Perhaps this last is mere scandal. I 
am satisfied, however, that we have too many among us, and 
the utmost caution and cleanliness. is necessary to avoid them. 

One hundred and sixty-Jive cases of small-pox are reported. 
Lieut, AVolf, Mrs. Stock (wife of an officer), and an infant child 
of Mrs. Patterson, are all at the hospital, but said to be doing 
well. 

The evening noises were resumed after the lights were ex-, 
tiuguished. Song-singing and whistling prevailed ; and gave 
a variety more agreeable than we have had heretofore. Any- 
thing is better than swearing, or vulgarity. 

Wednesday, 25th. — Spent the morning in hunting up boxes. 
Had the pleasure of finding the one long expected from Mrs. 
Caulk — a fine box containing underclothing, and other neces- 
saries sufficient for the supply of twenty or thirty needy pris- 
oners. Ascertained that boxes are often detained at Delaware 
City ; and that they are frequently broken open, and rifled of 
their most valuable contents. I have myself suffered, to some 
extent, in this way, chiefly in the loss of articles forwarded by 
my wife. 

Had my whiskers shaved off by Johnson, one of our prison 
barbers. My wife may object to this, as they were cultivated 
by her request, soon after our marriage, about eight years ago, 
and have never been removed until now. 

The swearing, and obscenity, to-night, were intolerable. 
There was nothing of it until the lights were extinguished, and 
the guilty parties could not be identified. A few young men, 
whose o^jportunities ought to have taught them better, are 



222 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR 

chiefly accountable for this wickedness. It was impossible to 
sleep; and it was midnight before the "sweet restorer" came 
to my relief. I have no doubt, however, that the dirty fel- 
lows thought I had been sleeping soundly for hours. 

Thursday, 2Qth. — Awoke early, and spent all the forenoon, 
with the assistance of Messrs. Belt and Tibbetts, in assorting 
and distributing the clothing from Mrs. Caulk's box. Twenty- 
two persons were supplied with every article of underclothing 
needed. This gift, from tiie good ladles of Newark, is a god- 
send, indeed ; and many poor fellows in our apartment are 
rejoicing, with a due appreciation of the kindness extended. 

This day has been observed, by the Yankees, as a day of 
special thanksgiving, by proclamation of President Lincoln. 
Company Q celebrated it by a grand dinner, with the assist- 
ance of friends "to hum," who have remembered them with such 
good things as are generally in requisition, by the Yankees, on 
days of thanksgiving. Let thanksgiving and praise ascend, at 
all times, to Him who crowneth our days with blessings, and 
abund:mtly supplies all our wants ; but, is it right for a sec- 
tional President, at a time of unusual affliction, to call the 
special attention of the people to this duty, so well understood 
and appreciated by the States, and which, as a matter of course, 
would have been observed in the usual manner? Is it a time 
for special feasting and rejoicing, or for the outward show of 
thanksgiving, when thousands of hearts are bleeding for lost 
sons, husbauds and brothers; when desolation is spread over 
larffo territories ; when a once idolized Union is stru<:;a;lino" in 
its death gasp ; and when the people, everywhere, are as- 
tounded at revolutionary scenes ? Oil, what mockery ! — what 
shameful hypocrisy, and iniquity ! Am I wrong in these senti- 
ments ? If so, may my Heavenly Father open my blinded 
eyes, and forgive my great sin ! 

Our roll was increased, to-day, by the addition of the names 
of Mr. R. W. Rasin, of Baltimore, and of Mr. Carlos M. De 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 223 

La Mar, a subject of Great Britain. Their liistories have not 
yet been revealed. 

Unpleasant news from Bragg's army. A wide margin, 
however, is allowed for the Inquirer, and the influence upon 
our hojies is but slightly depressing. 

Fifteen deserters from the Southern army (said to have 
taken the oath) were brought to the Island, and assigned to 
quarters in the barracks. 

Friday, 27th. — My friend T has been under the influ- 
ence of liquor again to-day. He is a good fellow when sober, 
and one of the most useful men in our company; but a few 
drinks completely change the disposition of the man, and I 
should certainly dissolve my connection with him, did I not 
hope for h's reformation, and appreciate his services. He at- 
tends, faithfully, to my wants ; is a kind and sympathizing 
iiurse ; and is remarkably neat in his habits; but he must do 
better, in regard to liquor, or we shall be obliged to separate. 

The Yankee surgeons have a terrible account of their suf- 
ferings, at Richmond, in the papers of to-day. Our own sur- 
geons will be able to reiterate, in regard to the sufferings at 
Fort Delaware, all that these men affirm concernino: the 
Libby ; and the tale of their hardships will be no less horrible. 

Saw a very genteel young man, said to be the Quart.?rmas- 
ter's clerk, carrying a ball and chain, and evidently greatly 
mortified by the punishment. There are scores of Yankees 
going about with these cruel badges of degradation ; but 
ordinarily, the culprits do not seem to mind them. This 
youth, however, felt the shame, and as soon as he had been 
bound, hurried away from public gaze. He is said to have 
been trying to get some female friend to the Island, as his 
sister. 

The confusion, to-nigiit, took the form of an irregular and 
free discussion. After the lights were put out, every man 
seemed to feel it incumbent to utter some smart speech, or to 



22-1 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

raise a difficult question. Some were seated by the stoves ; 
others were lying in the bunks ; and the talk proceeded, until 
there seemed nothing more to say. The restless, excited com- 
pany were hushed, only by sheer fatigue and empty heads. 

Saturday, 28th. — Awoke with a headache, and suffered, 
mor« or less, all day. Bad weather, and no opportunity for 
out-door exercise. 

Lucas received an elegant box, from Smyrna, Del., for- 
warded by Dr. McKown, from the ladies of that place. It 
contained turkeys, ducks, pies, apjjles, and other luxuries in 
abundance, and will afford good dinners for some of the pris- 
oners, for several days. This box seemed to put the whole 
company in a good humor ; and the friendly sympathizers Avho 
sent it, would have been highly pleased, could they have looked 
in upon the scene. 

Visited the chaplains; aiid had a full and free talk with 
Mr. Way about my own affairs. He exonerates the Port Penn 
minister from any blame in my arrest, and attributes the result 
to another, who, he says, acknowledg( s having spoken very 
freely to a friend, after leaving the house, on the night of the 
conversation at Mr. Dil worth's. Both parties may share in 
the blame; but I forgive them heartily, and care nothing 
about the matter. 

We came near having a serious interruption at our evening 
worship — or rather, we were on the eve of having the whole 
service superseded by Shakspearean readings. De La Mar got 
out a copy of the dramatist, just about the time for tlie gather- 
ing, and proposed that readers should be appointed. All 
seemed to be ready for the amusement; and the worship ap- 
peared to be forgotten. I reminded some most interested, of 
the importance of keeping up the usual routine, and ^ya3 glad 
to find that no objection was urged. The usual services wcrj 
then held; after wliich I gave notice of the readings, to take 
place immediately, suggesting a word or two of encouragement, 
and foitunately everything went on well. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY 225 

Sunday, 2dtk. — The Sabbath opened with cursing, and black- 
guarding, from the lips of sundry remorseless and wicked ones 
of our number. Felt horrified, and prayed, with pity and sor- 
row, for these miserable offenders. 

Used certain selections from the Episcopal service, in our 
morning worship ; and thus, by becoming " all things to all 
men," was enabled to gain some. Several of our number — ■ 
Episcopalians, by education- — entered heartily into the use 
of the prayers and psalter, and the responses were loud and full. 
Some came forward, who have heretofore been indifferent. 
One man, who generally takes Sabbath morning for a general 
ablution, omitted his habit to-day, and was prominent in re- 
sponding. A devout Low Churchman said he was never so 
forcibly struck with the beauty of the service ; and all in the 
house api>eared to enjoy tlie change. The effect, upon the 
whole, was decidedly good ; and for the sake, at least of those 
who prefer the liturgy, I shall, at proper intervals, repeat the 
attempt. 

Preached, in the morning, from Matt, xxiii. 33 — "Ye fools, 
ye generation of vipers, how shall ye escape the damnation of 
hell." The effect of the truth was evident. Unusual quiet 
prevailed throughout the day — no cards, no dice, no swearing,. 
Distributed a good lot of religious tracts, and newspapers, 
which occupied the attention of many, as they sat here and 
there, or reclined in their bunks. 

At night, expounded the words, "Him that cometh unto me,, 
Twill no ivlse cast out.'' Had excellent attention ; but several 
boys got to racing after service ; a clattering and confusion 
ensued, which continued until long after bed-time — and I 
fell asleep in the midst of it. 

Besides some Scripture readings this afternoon, enjoyed 
considerably a review of some portions of JHorwe's Introduction. 

Monday, SOth. — Was glad to hear one of our wild fellows 
say, that he hoped soon to be released, to go home and be a 
15 



226 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR 

better boy. He confesserl, that he had given his parents a 
great deal of trouble, in the past, and that his imprisonment 
had brought him to a sense of guilt. Thus it is, that God 
works. I trust these good impressions may not be as the 
morning cloud and the e irly dew. 

Cunningham, in great glee, rushed into our apartment, 
this morning, and announced the surrender of Chaileston, and 
the burning of the city. Of course, nobody believed the 
story, notwithstanding the fact that a telegram to the same 
effect had been received at head-quarters. The genius of the 
Yankee people is well understool by the prisoners ; and these 
mendacious tricks utterly fail of the intended effect. With 
no paper but the Inquirer ^ and with the varied means used 
on the Island for our discouragement, it is really surjjrising 
that so few are found giving way. Tiie hopelessness of ex- 
change is the most trying influence at work, just now. Were 
this obviated, tiie Yankee tales could not dispirit our en- 
during and determined boys, either at the barracks, or in the 
hospitals. 

Having but one stove in our large room, we have sufftr(d 
much, to-day, from cold. There are, still, no sashes in eitiier 
of the four windows, at the east end, and several large panes 
are wanting in the rear. Several of the men are in delicate 
health, and the exposure is likely to lay them up. Some of 
them are trying to keep off the chills of the night, by sus- 
jiending various articles of clothing about the sides of their 
bunks. 

Finding that De La Mar, one of the new-comers, has been 
quite a traveller, and that he has considerable powers of con- 
versation, I suggested the idea of some evening lectures, to 
which he immediately assented. The subject having been 
brought before the company, a unanimous vote was given, re- 
questing our fellow-prisoner to favor us with some account 
of his travels, and such otlier matters as he might be pleased 
to give us. Dr. Hitch, and Messrs. Shreve and Hammond 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 227 

were appointed to wait on the gentleman, and make arrange- 
ments for the lectures. The first of the series was delivered 
immediately after worship, to-night; and we were both enter- 
tained and instructed, by a talk of about forty^five minutes, 
on Gibraltar^ the native place of the speaker. 

After the lecture, about one-fourth of the company, led by 
Messrs. Rasin and De La Mar, took the floor for a dance. 
Dr. Hitch supplied the music, with his bugle, and such shuf- 
fling and capering I have not seen, for many a day. Mr. 
Rasin — now about fifty-seven years of age — seemed to go back 
to tlie days of his youth, and moved off in the Virginia reel, 
and cut the " pigeon wing," greatly to the amusement and as- 
tonishment of every man in the house. 

After lights were out. Shanks, De La Mar, and others tried 
themselves at cross-questions, in history, until we were all 
tired out, and the hour for sleep arrived. 



VII. 

Decembbr. 



Tuesday^ \st. — ^We have had a very cold night, and this 
morning the moat and ponds are covered with ice. Some of 
our men sujBPered so much, that we could stand it no longer, 
and sent a petition to Capt. Ahl, signed by Mr. Rasin, Dr. 
Hitch, Mr. De La Mar and myself, requesting attention to the 
windows, and asking for an additional stove. We were soon 
pleased to see the carpenters at work, with their rules, and we 
hope the evil will be remedied. Capt. Ahl states, that he or- 
dered the repairs to be made some time ago ; but his direc- 
tions were not followed. To some of us it is astonishing, that 



228 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

those in power should receive so little obedience from their 
subordinates ! 

A mock court was organized, this morning, by the appoint* 
raent of Mr. Rasin as Judge, Mr. Drummond as Clerk, and 
Mr. Shanks as Sheriff, A jury was then impanelled; and 
Isaac Nelson arraigned for disturbing the peace of his fellow- 
prisoners, by throwing apple-cores, coal, and other missiles 
about the room, thus endangering the eyes, and damaging the 
persons of sundry men. The case was prosecuted by De La 
Mar, and defended by Pearson. After a mi-nute and amusing 
examination of several witnesses, and an earnest argument, the 
accused was found "JVot Guiltij" aud discharged on the plea of 
"Insanity" This affair afforded considerable amusement, and 
served to while away an hour in a very innocent manner. 

Circulated numerous religious papers, furnished by the 
Sanitary Commission ; and supplied those wishing them, with 
Testaments and prayer-books, all of which were eagerly re- 
ceived. 

Several persons having associated themselves as a sort i^f 
choir, the music at worship was unusually good. 

After service, De La INIar g ive us a talk about the Barhary. 
States. Then .came the dance — a regular " breakdown ; " an 
agricultural discussion between Drummond, Shanks, Sykes, 
myself, and others ; lights out ; bunks ; chattering ; and sleep 
to those who could get it. 

Wednesday, 2d. — Capt. Ahl came up, and inspected the 
windows; assured us of his disposition to make things com- 
fortable ; said the sashes were being made ; and ordered Cun- 
ningham to bring up another stove. He, also, at my request, 
promised a large kettle for those who had to wash their own 
clothes. 

Met with Col. L , a Yankee prisoner, who has been 

put into the room with Col. "Waring. Pie is the same man 
who acted so mysteriously, aud gave us so much amusement. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 229 

some months ago, upon his introduction to prison life. Found 
him a man of excellent mind, and fine education, but broken 
down from intemperance. Was highly pleased with his 
knowledge of the Scriptures, and his correct views on some 
theological points. The Colonel has been quite a traveller, and 
was for a time Consul in Greece. He is the author of the 
rhymes on Company Q, and some other pieces of interest, 
written since his imprisonment. 

Visited the new church building, which is to be a very 
pretty Gothic structure. The work proceeds slowly ; although 
a strong force seems employe;!, nine of whom are Confederate 
prisoners. The house will cost about $2,500, without the 
painting. 

A violin has found its way into the house ; and dancing is, 
now, likely to be the favorite evening amusement. It must 
not be understood, however, that any considerable number of 
the prisoners join in this sport. Some twelve or fifteen persons 
do all the skipping and jumping, leaving a large majority of 
the company as interested spectators of the same — Mr. Rasin's 
"pigeon-wings" being the chief source of attraction. 

De La Mar gave us a good lecture, to-night, on the ''Bull 
Fights of Spain." His descriptions were interesting, and more 
elaborate and instructive than we usually find in books. This 
recreation does not supersede our usual evening services — but 
succeeds them, before the company begins to disperse. 

After taps, we had a complete Bedlam — singing, talking, 
walking, with calls, cries and explosions, embracing every con- 
ceivable human sound, until late, when sleep subdued the 
raging tumult. 

We had scarcely settled down, when we were again aroused 
by the sound of horns, drums, and other musical instruments, 
first on the outside of the Fort, and then in the yard. Now 
and then, before the band entered the inclosure, we heard low 
huzzas, and very jubilant cheers for Gen. Grant; from which 
we concluded, that a telegram announcing the news of some 



230 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

great vlctoiy must have been received ; but the sequel proved 
this to be an unfounded conjecture. 

Thursday, Zd. — Received letters from my wife and daughter 

G . Find that my old friend, Rev. G. W. Kennedy, has 

not forgotten me in my imprisonment, and that he has been 
writing to Baltimore and Washington in my behalf. Learn, 
also, that the Misses Roberts, and their mother, formerly my 
parishioners in Delaware, have been interesting themselves in 
behalf of myself and family. God be praised for these evi- 
dences of sympathy ! Truly he will not suffer us to lack any 
good thing. 

Messrs. Ball and Shreve have written to a lawyer, in Balti- 
more, engaging each, to give him $500 on condition of his 
securing their release. I have heard these, and others, who 
have been here for eight or ten months, express perfect willing- 
ness to lay down a thousand dollars, or more, if they could 
obtain their deliverance, even though they should be required 
to take the " hated oath." Many are completely worn out, 
discouraged and hopeless; while others seem well nigh crazed. 
Mr. Ball has been a prisoner nearly fourteen months. Lovett 
has been in confinement here, and at the South, for about 
twenty months ; others for four, five and six months ; and 
very few of us have any well-grounded hopes of a speedy de- 
liverance. Such is the feeling of utter hopelessness which pre- 
vails, that I doubt whether there are half-a-dozen men in the 
Fort, who would not gladly accept release, on what they now 
begin to regard as a very cheap condition — that very oath, 
which some time ago they would have disdained to think of, 
as a basis of liberty. But most of them have ceased to regard 
it as having any binding force. They excuse themselves in 
the compulsion and urgency of the circumstances; and can see 
no immorality in the act. Others, (but very few), would keep 
the oath inviolate, but with hearts unchanged towards the 
South — waitiug in prayer, and hope, for the success of the cause 



DTJEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 231 

they believe to be ri^bt. Who is responsible for. all this evil? 
May God, in infinite goodness and mercy, open the blinded 
eyes of rulers and legislators, and put down the proud in- 
fidels, who sit upon their " tliroues of iniquity, devising mis- 
chief by a law." 

De L;i Mar entertained us, to-night, with some very good 
things about Malta. His statements were impromptu, and 
desultory, but quite interesting, and in some respects new and 
instructive. He privately excused himself for some " dull- 
ness," assuring me, that after the religious services, his mind 
became unfitted for the task, especially on account of remin- 
iscences of hom-', which were wont to loom up before him. 

The card-playing, to-day, seemed to be entirely suspended. 
Before going to bod, had a long talk with "Judge " Rasin" about 
mutual acquaintances. 

Friday, 4.th. — In walking around the Island, tliis morning, 
met with Gen. Schoepf, who turned out of his way to speak to 
me. We had a pleasant intei*vie\v, of ten or fifteen minutes' 
duration, in the course of which he inquired, particularly, for 
my health; asked where my family was staying; wished to 
know in what part of Portsmouth I lived; inquired for some 
acquaintances in Virginia; told me that his wife was from that 
State ; expressed a good deal of sympathy for me ; spoke of 
ray grey hairs ; and told me it was my own fault that I was 
still in prison — alluding, probably, to my repeated refusals to 
take the oath; and finally suggested, that I was in error in 
my position. 

To all the=e remarks, I returned appropriate answers; and 
finding the " old gentleman " in a fine humor, availed myself 
of the opportunity, to ask, that my wife might be allowed to 
visit me. 

" Wait," said he, "a few days, until Gen. Schenck goes out 
of office ; " nnd though he did not say, positively, that he 
would then permit her to see me, he evidently intended to 



232 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

make the impression that he -would — assuring me, that he hud 
been ordered not to allow me to see her ; and remarking, that he 
was not disposed to act with such binding strictness. This 
little talk left me with a favorable impression of his humane 
f elings, and his incliimtion to be pleasant and courteous. 

An order from the Secretary has been promulgated, forbid- 
ding any further dealing, on the part of the prisoners, with the 
sutlers on the Island. One of the two establishments of this 
kind is to be closed, and, of course, no more purchases can bo 
made, except " on the sly." The sutlers are miserable extor- 
tioners, who have terribly imposed upon our poor Confederates ; 
but have contributed considerably, to the comfort of the 
men, in furnishing many necessaries, and which their money, 
so far as they have had it, could buy them. Why this change ? 
when in the recent statements concerning the treatment of pris- 
oners at the South, it is expressly stated that the privilege of 
making purchas' s is extended to all who are able to buy ! 

Col. Warin.!; and his Yankee friend are still roominsr to- 
gether, and enjoy great privileges, as prisoners. I sometimes 
find three or four members of Company Q stirring about them, 
hunting employment. The Colonel is not only waited upon, 
by numerous attendants, whom he doubtless pays well, but lie 
seems to be a pet with the officials, who seek his company, 
and are generally ready to go to the extent of their liberty in 
granting fivors, and vie with each other in introducing them- 
selves to his notice. All this can be readily accounted for, in 
the fact that he is a man of wealtli, high social position, and 
a gi ntleman of noble character; affable always, and never 
opposing himself to any ruls or regulations established by the 
authorities. 

We had no lecture, to-night, and, for a wonder, no dancing, 
or cards. Religious services as usual. 

Suturdai/f ^th. — The Dtlawareans were greatly cheered 
this morning, ly the appearance in the Fort-yard of Messrs. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 233 

John A. Hazzard, William Hich, and Dr. Wm. E. Wolff, 
who came to the Island, last night, and were now seeking an 
interview with their friends in prison. The whole company 
of prisoners, and their friends, after a short audience with Gen. 
Schoepf, were presently housed together in the engineer's room, 
adjoining Col. Waring, where chey had a good talk; the five 
" politicals " subsequently returning to their quarters with 
strong hppes of speedy release. The report is, that Gen. Tyler 
is about to resign his position as Provost-Marshal of Dela- 
ware, and that he intends, before he leaves his office, to release 
the Delaware prisoner's — myself among the number. 

Had an interview with the visitors, in the course of my 
rounds ; and found them manifesting considerable interest in 
my case, assuring me of their intention to assist me to the ex- 
tent of their influence. " Drowning men catch at straws " — 
this may illustrate my own feelings, if not my conduct, in the 
day of my extremity. 

Held an interesting conversation with Col. L , on the 

subject of personal religion. Have seldom met with a person 
more familiar with Scripture histories, and especially with the 
narratives of the New Testament. The lives of Christ, and 
of His Apostles, in the minutest particulars, seem to be indel- 
ibly impressed upon his mind. It is really astonishing to 
find one whose habits little accord with Bible teachings, so 
well versed in these matters, and holding such correct views 
of morals. Were I able, I should be glad to recall, and record 
our conversation of to-da) . He acknowledged himself a sin- 
ner, but r.joiced in the belief that God knew his heart, and 
how anxious he was to conform to Plis will. He admitted 
the value and necessity of filth, insisted that he had it, and 
sometimes thought he had too much. Said he was not in the 
habit of formal and stated prayer ; but that he was constantly 
praying as he hud netd, and felt like it. Told me of his prayers 
as he walked upon the bank, and as he reclined upon his bed; 
and rejoiced, that in some things, God had heard his prayers. 



234 . UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Was satisfied that he could not be lost. Hell was no place for 
him, as he loved God, and adored the Lord Jesus Christ. 

I tried to show this singular and remarkable man, what I 
conceived to be his errors; and as I endeavored to present the 
simple doctrine of the Cross, the tears rolled down his face, 
and he pressed my hand with great emotion. He spoke of 
forgiveness; referred to one in power who had injured him, 
(Secretary Stanton), and said that he really wanted to kill him, 
though he had the night before gone to bed with a quiet mind, 
and went to sleep in prayer. Strange man; grandson of the 
immortal Edwards ; master of numerous languages ; strong in 
argument ; of wonderful memory ; appreciative of God's Word; 
a believer, and yet an unbeliever ; a sot ; a man of deep feel- 
ing ; coarse; uncongenial; intellectual; jjrofane; low; mys- 
terious ; pitiable man ! He has. worried his room-mate. Col. 
Waring, almost to death; and arrangements are now being 
made to send him back to his old quarters with Co. Q. 

It is reported that prisoners will not, hereafter, be allowed 
to receive boxes except from their immediate families. Many 
will suffer by this embargo. 

Sent my wife a small box, made of pine, by my own 
hands. It contained three rings, as a little present for her, on 
the anniversary of our marriage. 

Sunday, Glh. — Eight years ago, this day, I married my 
present wife. During all this time we have never been 
separated on the anniversary of our wedding ; nor ever 
before for so long a time, as we have been compelled to be, 
by the pressure of this terrible revolution. It will soon be 
five months since we jiurted at Delaware City — I to be shut 
up as a prisoner for conscience' sake ; and she to wait until 
God shall send His angel of mercy to set the captive free. 

This would seem to be a hard lot; but who am I, that I 
should expect to hold an honest opinion, and to express it in 
opposition to a despotic and fanatical administration, and 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 235 

suffer no ill ? What do I suffer more than did Bunyan, or 
Milton, or P(nn, and scores of others, whu, uncondemned, un- 
tried, were lucked up, as felons, and lanruished in cells and 
dungeons? Oh, how often, since my iniprisonment, have I 
thought of the ancient martyrs; of the primitive disciples j 
and of my blessed Master himself — and realized, as never be- 
fore, their situation, as "political prisoners^' like mys If Did 
they not say of Paul, " We have found this man a pestilent 
fellow, and a mover of sedition ; " and of Jesus himself, " We 
found this fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to give 
tribute to Csesar." These charges were false, of course ; but, 
both Paul and his master, Jesus Christ, were continually pro- 
claiming such doctrines as expos: d the sins of rulers, as well 
as of private individuals. They were wise and prudent; but 
their principles and teachings revealed the iniquity of the gov- 
ernment under whiih they lived — hence they were called "pes- 
tilent fellows, that turned the nation upside down," and were 
condemned to suffer imprisonment and death, as political of- 
fenders. I compare not myself with the humblest sufferer, in 
those primitive days; nor with any whose honored namcji have 
come down to us from later times ; but am I not a sufferer for 
conscience' sake ? Am I not here, because I dared oppose the 
principles of those who would trample upon the rights of eight 
millions of people, and who would deceive the multitude into 
a slavery worse than that which they so ingloriously assume 
to aboli.-~h? 

The usual religious services were held, to-day, both morn- 
ing and night ; and I thought of, and prayed much for my wife 
and children. 

Ilonday, 1th. — Mr. Belt was arrested and brought before 
the court, this morning, for assault and battery, with intent to 
inflict serious wounds upon his fellow-prisoner, Wm. H. Grif^ 
fith, who, unfortunately happened to be standing near him, 
during a severe storming with apple-cores, which took place 



236 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

yesterday evening, near one of the stoves, and which resulted 
in the wounding of" Cousin Campbell" in the eye — Griffith, 
however, being entirely innocent of the offence. Judge Rasin 
occupied tlie Bench ; De La Mar plead for the peace ; and 
Capt. Ball defended the prisoner. We had a rich scene, and 
an animated discussion. The jury deliberated upon the mat- 
ter, and brought in a verdict of "Guilfi/ ; " and the prisoner was 
sentenced to one hour's imprisonment in the privy, and to be 
put on bread and water for a whole day. He was immediately 
seized by our burly Sheriff (" Johnny Reb,") and without cere- 
mony or opposition, placed in close confinement. It was not 
long, however, before a general roAV ensued, and the prisoner 
was rescued by the mob. The affair was quite exciting, and 
constituted. a pleasant change in our usually monotonous life. 

Two Lieutenants — B. P. Merrill, of the 11th Texas Cav- 
alry, Co. K, and A . C. Reese, 29th Tennessee Infantry, Co. C, — 
were brought in from the barracks, this morning, to be sent to 
Johnson's Island. They are both " rough and ready " fellows, 
and have evidently seen much service Merrill has just re- 
covered from a severe attack of small-pox, and is terribly pit- 
ted. They both give dreadful accounts of hard treatment at 
the barracks, affirming that they have suffered much for food 
and blankets. They confirm all the statements, heretofore 
given, about the cruelty of " Old Hackout ;" the murder of 
Tony Matthews, of Texas, by a sentinel ; and the wanton 
bayoneting of several of the prisoners. 

After worship, De La !Mar gave us a good lecture, on 
Havana; embracing a full account of the tobacco trade, and 
the manufacture of that article, on the Island. Having been, 
himself, a tobacconist and heavy importer, he seemed to be 
perfectly familiar with the subject; and several of his state- 
ments were entirely new, and of great interest. 

Went to bed in the midst of incessant conversations — but 
not to sleep, until well nigh midnight. 




thp: mock court. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 237 

Tuesday, Sth. — Received a box from Mrs. Rankin, of New 
Castle, containing various articles of clothing and food — for 
which she has my hearty thanks. This good lady, and her 
sister, Julia, have been great friends to the prisoners at Fort 
Delaware ; and their names will long be remembered by many 
a poor Confederate, who would have suffered without their aid. 
Wrote to Mrs. R., acknowledging the favor. 

Col. Lester got hold of my little jeu d'esprit on General 
Schoepf's changeable name, and was so much pleased with it, 
that he insisted I should let him have it for the General's pri- 
vate inspection. I objected, on the ground that ^' the old fel- 
low" might consign me to the cells — but he was so importunate, 
that I finally consented. 

A fc'l low-prisoner, who has 'been much abroad, suggested 
the propriety of my going to England, by-and-bye, to lecture 
on the war. It might be very pleasant to visit that interesting 
country; but it will be time enough, after my release, to con- 
sider the jjropriety of such a step. If I am ever restored to 
the embrace of my family, I shall probably have little incli- 
nation to go to England, or anywhere else, for many a day at 
least. 

We have had a very cold day; one of the stoves is much 
out of order ; and the four large windows in one end of the 
room are still open. Strange, that after Capt. Ahl's promises 
and a show of measurement, they should remain so long ne- 
glected. 

Had a letter from the Rev. B. 11. McCown, of Kentucky, 
in reply to one sent him, some time ago, at- the request of his 
son. Surgeon McCown, who recently left this place for Rich- 
mond. It was a pleasant letter, containing a sum of money, 
some postage stamps, and, more than all, bringing good words 
from himself, and the sympathy of my old fellow-student, Rev. 
W. W. Hill, D. D. 

Another lecture to-night, from He La Mar ; subject, Paris — 
its police regulations, singing girls, &c. Very good, consider- 
inpj its extempore character. 



238 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Our singing this evening was unusually fine. 

Wednesday/, 19th. — It has been announced that, hereafter 
prisoners will not be allowed to receive boxes, except from 
their immediate relatives. The object of this is reputed to be 
the prevention of imposition upon sympathizers, who are 
written to by rogues, and speculators, in the barracks, whose 
only object is to get the clothing and eatables for purposes of 
gain. To my own knowledge, it is too true, that some base 
fellows have resorted to this plan of swindling, not only to 
the detriment of the benevolent, whose sympathies are aroused 
in behalf of imaginary suffering — but to the disadvantage of 
real sufferers, who are unable to help themselves ; or of others, 
who though they may have a little cash, can only use it at the 
sutler's, and for such things as he may chance to have. In 
this view, the prohibition just issued is well enough; but 
some are disposed to look at the matter in a different light, 
and can see only a spirit of retaliation for the reported mal- 
treatment of Yankee prisoners at Richmond. To condemn 
upon suspicion is wrong. AVe must wait to understand. In 
the meantime, many poor fellows will be disappointed and con- 
tinue to suffer need. 

Great depression prevails among the prisoners, on account 
of the delay in exchanges. Some seem to have given up 
almost to despair, and are willing to do, or pay anything to 
get out. The idea of liberty seems constantly on the mind. 
The men dream and talk of home, and sigh only for "home 
again." We have some with us who are, perhaps, quite as 
well contented here, as they would be anywhere else; and 
others, again, m ho are thought to be pleased with the safety of 
prison life, and are willing to stay until the war is over, to 
avoid danger, and perhaps, save their lives. But this feeling, 
if it exists at all, is very limited. AVith the great majority, 
the opening of the prison doors would be a source of rejoicing. 
I have but little to hope for, but will wait patiently upon the 
Lord. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 239 

The windows at the east end of our room are still open, 
but we have, to-day, been favored with a new stove, which 
will, no doubt, greatly improve the temperature. We shall 
still suifer from chilly currents of air coming up from the 
river, during the sharp nights, which we anticipate this 
winter. 

After evening worship, De La Mar and Nelson gave us 
some Shak-pearean readings. 

TImrsday, lOtJi. — Spent most of the day within doors, occu- 
pying a portion of the time in writing to my s(m M . 

Major Rasin is manifesting a good deal of interest in the 
cases of several of our prisoners, who have been longest in con- 
finement ; and is suggesting plans for securing assistance and 
relief, which have been adopted by a number. Their wisdom 
the future will decide. 

President Lincoln's message was received to-day, and read 
aloud in the room. It is, of course, variously estimated ; but 
many, who are catching at every straw of hope, think they can 
discern in it the terms of speedy release. The accompanying 
oath, though in advance of anything before prescribed by the 
Federal executive, will be "swallowed," without remorse, for the 
sake of getting away from the Fort — a few, it may be, to obey its 
provisions by constraint ; and others, only as a means to an 
end, with mental reservations, to be violated, according to cir- 
cumstances. 

De La Mar lecture;!, to-night, on Constantinople. After 
taps, the usual noise commenced ; and, I am ashamed to record 
it, the conversations, which were continued until a late hour, 
were anything but decent — a few persons doing all the talking, 
much to the annoyance of most of the company. 

Friday, 11th. — A very cold morning; the moat and ponds 
frozen ov>r; and all who could raise a pair of skates and were 
allowed to use them, busy in the enjoyment of that healthy 



240 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OF. 

nmusement. Tlie prisoners, of course, could only be distant 
spectators of the scene, as they peeped out from their grated 
windows. 

Major Thomas D. Armsey, Lieut. Davis, Sergeant H. H. 
Brogden, and Private Benj. R. Grymes, of the loth Virginia 
Cavalry, came in early this morning, as condemned prisoners, 
from Fort McHenry, sentenced to confinement at this place — 
Armsey and Davis to fifteen years' hard 'labor, and Brogden 
and Grymes for the ■\var. We were all deliiihted to see Bros:- 
den, who has been a great sufferer from hard treatment, since 
he left us some months ago, and is so much altered in appear- 
ance that I could only recognize him by his eyes and voice. 
Others were assured only upon his own testimony, and were 
distressed to look at him. He has been in close confinement, 
and is just convalescent from a severe attack of scurvy, which 
completely covered him with sores. He seems cheerful, how- 
ever, and glad to get back. 

Brogden gives us an interesting account of Capt. Gordon, 
who was condemned to be shot as a spy, on the 20th of Novem- 
ber. The noble f 'How thanked the court that it had awarded 
him the death of the soldier, and not of a felon. He has not 
yet been execuled, and I presume never will be ; but, in con- 
fident expectation of the event, he devoted himself to prepara- 
tion for death, aud has given evidence of a genuine cliange of 
heart. How true it is, that tribulations are often a blessing to 
the soul. 

Major Armsey h.is received his cruel sentence, on a charge 
of recruiting for the Confederate service, within the Yankee 
lines ; and Brogden and Grymes are to stay here, for the war, 
for coming into the lines without permission— the former, to 
see a father die; and the other to visit his wife in Baltimore. 

The lecture to-night was omitted; but the usual religious 
services were held — after which animated conversations occu- 
pied our attention, and were continued until long after " taps." 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 241 

Saturday, 12th. — Mr. Way baptized a sick man at the hos- 
pital this morning — application having been made, first, to Mr. 
Paddock, who for some unknown reason declined. 

Enjoyed an interview M'ilh Chaplain Paddock, in his room, 
where he showed me some interesting letters from persons in 
different sections of the country, inquiring concerning the health 
and comfort of prisoners, and sending, or proposing to send 
articles of food and clothing, as they may be needed. Among 
these were several touching letters from a Miss Martha Custis 
Williams, now in Philadelphia, but supposed to be a refugee 
from the South. The more I see of Mr. Paddock, the more 
I admire his evident piety, and real sympathy for the suffering 
prisoners among whom he labors. 

I find, by the official report, that there are now one hundred 
and fifty cases of small-pox on the Island ; and that there are 
six hundred and three persons sick with various diseases in the 
hospitals. It would seem, however, that there have been no 
deaths for several days — or, rather, there have been no burials. 
The men are, certainly, all looking much better. Indeed, the 
change in the appearance of the prisoners is remarkable. Rest 
is righting them again. 

Had the pleasure of a piece of nice mince pie, the first I 
have tasted this season. It was sent to Mr. Paddock by 
Miss Lydia Jefferson, with the request that I be allowed to 
share it. 

No lecture ; the usual worship ; great confusion, after night. 

Sunday, 13th. — We have had a warm, disagreeable night; 
and this morning it was very windy. Slept little, and was 
disturbed with ui^ly dreams. During the day the tide rose 
rapidly ; and great excitement prevailed in anticipation of an 
inundation of the Island. The " Reb^ " were ordered out, and 
all hands were set to work moving wood, and everything else 
liable to be swept off by the flood. Great numbers of rats were 
washed out from the wharves, and from about the piles of lum- 
16 



242 UNITED STATES BONDS : OR 

ber, which gave great amusement to hundreds of sportsmen, 
who hunted the gime with zest, under the direction of the 
Provost- Mar.-hal. Towards night the tide receded ; and thougli 
the banks were overflowed, in some places, even back to the 
outer moat, the water caused no material damage, and all fear 
is now at an end. 

Prcac-hcd, in the morning, from Rom. viii. 16 : "TAc Spirit 
itself beareth witness with our spirit that we are the children of 
God." Was twice interrupted by calls to dinner, by an impu- 
dent fellow who, evidently, designed to disturb us. I 
stopped preaching, after the first call, and announced to the 
audience that it was only half-past eleven o'clock ; and asked 
whether it was their will that I should continue the service, or 
dismiss immediately. The whole company seemed anxious 
that I should go on ; and I did so, rfgxrdless of the wicked 
intruder. These Sabbath interruptions are of frequent occur- 
rence ; and are the more unpleasant as the call is made long 
before the proper dinner hour. 

After sermon, I circulated a fill supply of religious papers, 
which were received and read with avidity. The influence 
of the sermon and religious reading was most pleasantly 
apparent. Great quiet prevailed, all day ; and the Sabbath 
was as well observed as could possibly have been expected 
from so large a collection of men, under such disadvantageous 
circumstances. 

Again used the Episcopal service, with selections from the 
Psalter, in which the congregation took part, and responded 
with animation and interest. The effect was good — better, 
perhaps, than it Avould be if too frequently repeated. 

At night, gave my j^lace to De La Mar, who interested us 
exceedingly with his observations on the Mahomedan Religion^ 
as he had noticed it in various foreign countries. 

After the lecture, the restraint of the day seemed to be re- 
moved; and a sjene of noise and confusion followed, very in- 
appropriate to the closing hours cf the Sabbath. The -talking 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 243 

continued until nearly one o'clock, with jesting, cross questions, 
Scripture puzzles, and all sorts of incongruities, to my utter 
annoyance and disgust. 

Monday, \ith. — It is hard to realize, that I am this day 
forty-eight years of age; but it is even so, and the fact that I 
am within but two years of half a century, really astounds me. 
Through much of my life I have labored Under the embarrass- 
ment of being considered younger than my years would indi- 
cate. It has not been so with me since I have been a prisoner. 
Now, the impression seams to be that I have gone heyonA fifty ; 
and I frequently hear myself spoken of as an old man, and re- 
ceive all due reverence and respect on this account. Care, trial 
and suffering have changed my habits and altered my appear- 
ance, and I feel sure I must hereafter consent to be — what I 
suppose I look to be, — an old man. 



Met with on the bridge, near wharf No. 3, and had a full 

and pleasant private conversation with him, on the subject of tem- 
perance, and the ruin he is bringing upon himself by his habit 
of inordinate drinking. He admitted all ; seemed to feel the 
force of my appeal, and before I left him, he gave me a solemn 
pledge that he would never drink any more. May God give 
him strength to keep his resolution ! How deeply do I feel 
for this young man, whose good address, and excellent mind 
and attainments are sufficient to fit him for any ordinary post 
of honor ; but he is a drunkard and a wreck, and without a 
change of habits, is a ruined man. 

Poor completely broke down, this morning, under the 

pressure of trial and excitement. His history is wild and 
strange. He is the most impulsive, mercurial and Inconsiderate 
man I ever knew, to have had so much opportunity to see the 
world, and to modify his emotions. He has a secret which, 
with imprisonment and disappointment in business, is preying 



244 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

terribly on his spirits ; and whilst lying sick, with a sore throat 
and other ailments, he could endure no longer, and crie^l like 
a child, making no effort to conceal it. Approaching his bed- 
side, I tried to reason with him, and j^resented the consolations 
of the Gospel. He is not a professor of religion, and has 
" snatched up " some irregular views of religious truth ; but 
he is an earnest believer, in the external sense; reads his 
prayers regularly and with emotion ; and his state of mind was, 
just now, such as enabled him to drink in the words of Gospel 
comfort. The effect was prompt, and ho thanked me cordially ; 
whilst I, in turn, thanked God, that He had thus given me an 
opportunity, in prison, to do the work of a good Samaritan. 

Concluded, to-day, to write to the Secretary of War, at 
Washington, asking a release from my cruel and unwarrantable 
imprisonment; and to forward the letter to Capt. James M. 
Gilliss, of the Naval Observatory, asking the favor of him, as 
a relative, to present the application in person. I am the more 
encouraged to do this, in consequence of a conversation, be- 
tween Col. Waring and Gen. Schoepf, in which the General 
affirmed his willingness to approve and send on the letter, if 
written in a moderate and appropriate manner. Of course, I 
should be indisposed to write the letter in any other form, as a 
contrary course would wholly defeat the object. But I Avish 
to make a fair and honest statement ; to do nothing deceitfully ; 
to compromise no principle ; and yet to remember my position 
as a prisoner, and a minister of Jesus Christ. 

Had letters from our released fellow-prisoner and room- 
mate, John Atwood, and from one of my chihlren. Atwood 
is merry at the idea of being once more a free man ; and writes, 
very humorously, at the expense of those who have not yet 
been so fortunate as himself. 

Finished a handsome little deal -box, intended as a Christ- 
mas present for my daughter Gertrude. 

Taesdaij, 15th. — Was awakened in the night, by the groans 



DTJKESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY, 245 

and prayers of some one in distress. Thought, at first, it was 
Alkire, whose health has been so much impaired, that we have 

hud fears for the result. It proved to bs old Mr. S , who 

had been dreaming of home, and his wife and children. I 
could hear him, distinctly, praying for his "poor wife; " and 
as soon as I could distinguish the source from which the sound 
proceeded, I hastened to his bunk, and endeavored to comfort 
him, with such suggestions as a Christian minister should offer 
to a suffering fellow-prisoner. The moment I spoke, he burst 
out in loud exclamations, and wept bitterly. Becoming some- 
what composed, he said he had been dreaming that his house, 
in Virginia, was surrounded by negroes, and with his wife, 
and five older children, had been burned up ; and that the five 
younger ones were running about the yard, bare-footed, and 
clapping their hands in an agony of distress. The poor man 
seemed to have such a vivid impression of the horrible scene, 
that it was difficult to persuade him it was only a dream. 
Throughout the day, the dreadful impression continued, much 
to his disquiet and unhappiness of mind. 

Brogden, and Grymes were released from the guard-house, 
and remanded to our room among the political prisoners. 
Since they left us, a few days ago, they have suffered great 
indignities and privations. It was not enough to put them 
among deserters and felons ; but they were actually shut 
up with the very lowest of this class, and such as were under 
special punishment for misdemeanors and crimes. They were 
also deprived of their baggage ; not allowed a change of cloth- 
ing ; nor could Brogden, who is suffering with scurvy, even be 
allowed the use of his towels, and tooth-brush. This strange 
imprisonment was ordered by Capt. Ahl, without any authority 
from the Government at Washington, or by any special order 
from the Commandant. By what mistake, or misunderstand- 
ing, this officer could have deviated from his rejauted kindly 
treatment of prisoners, I know not. As soon as the matter 
was understood by Gen. Schoepf, he gave orders to place them 



246 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

with the political prisoners; and directed that they should be 
allowed the same privileges as ourselves. 

Saw Major Armsey at work with a detail from Co. Q, roll- 
ing barrels, under the overseership of a Yankee sergeant — a 
gross indignity to a brave Confederate officer, and an insult 
which I am satisfied the Government at Richmond will not 
readily tolerate. 

Wrote to Secretary Stanton,' enclosing the letter in another 
to Capt. Gilliss, and placed the two in the hands of Colonel 
Waring, for Gen. Schoepf 's inspection — the Commandant hav- 
ing promised a friendly interview with the Colonel, in the 
course of a few days. 

Four dead bodies sent to Jersey to-day. Five new cases 
of small-pox from the barracks. 

Wednesday, 16th. — Great anxiety prevails among the po- 
litical prisoners, to know the meaning of President Lincoln's 
amnesty proclamation — especially to whom the offer of pardon 
is extended. If it embraces prisoners now in confinement at 
the several forts, there will be found many ready, at any mo- 
ment, to avail themselves of its provisions. Some twelve or 
fifteen of our number determined, this morning, to write to 
President Lincoln, himself, upon the subject; offering, if in- 
tended for them as well as others, to take the oath annexed to 
the proclamation. Several attempts were made to get up the 
right sort of paper without success, when, simply to relieve the 
difficulty, and after an explicit statement of my own want of 
sympathy with the movement, I wrote off the following, which 
was unanimously adopted, and signed by all the interested 
parties : 

Fort Delaware, Dec. 16th, 1863. 

To his Excellency A. Lincoln, 

President of the United States : 

The undersigned, political prisoners at Fort Delaware, be- 
ing desirous of availing themselves of the benevolent design 

ISee Appendix D. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 247 

of your late proclamation, would respectfully request that they 
may be allowed to t:ike the propo-ed oath ; and that they may 
be permitted, as soon as agreeable to your will, to enjoy its 
provisions. 

Hoping that the order for our release, on the terms pro- 
posed, may not be unnecessarily delayed, we subscribe our- 
selves your humble petitioners, &c., &c. 

The paper was immediately folded, and sent to Gen. Schoepf 
for appproval. 

Lieut. McConnell informs Brogden, that Gen. Schoepf was 
very angry some time ago, when I declined taking the oath ; 
and that after he returned to the office he walked the floor 
hastily, repeating — " Dr. Handy says he won't take the oath ; 
he'll lie in jail and rot first. I'll make him take the oath. He 
shall lie in jail and rot, then ! " 

I don't know how much of this may be true, but one thing 
is certain — up to this time, I have received no special unkind- 
ness or indignity from the General ; and if he had, at first, any 
disposition to impose unusual severities, he has not carried out 
his purpose. Indeed, I am inclined to believe the story, just 
narrated, to be one of the Island rumors — for I have heard 
from another source, quite as reliable, that the General had 
said, he had " a higher opinion of me after the occurrence, than 
before." 

Visited the Chaplains, at their rooms, and had a long talk 
with each of them. Chaplain Way thinks it would be better 
for me were I at some other prison, as I am now too near those 
who have some personal prejudice against me. It is his opinion, 
that my wife's positive and unbending manner is operating to 
my disadvantage. Mr. Paddock says, that my remark about 
taking the oath is well known on the Island; and that it has 
been unfavorable to my prospects. That remark, I may here 
state, was not uttered in stubbornness, nor with insolence. It 
was mildly spoken ; but with firmness, and with a deep con- 
viction of rectitude. I cannot, now, take an oath of allegiance 
to the United States Government : 



248 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

1st. Because I am not a citizen of the United States ; and 
have no desire or expectation of being such, under (he present 
tyrannical and unconstitutional administration of the Govern- 
ment. My allegiance is due, first of all, to the Commonwealth 
of Virginia — where I have my home, where are all my inter- 
ests, and all my prospects for future usefulness, so far as the 
jiresent can decide. The Scriptures require that all due loyalty 
and obedience should be rendered the "powers that be." The 
powers that be, in Virginia, are not the powers of the United 
States Government; and to swear allegiance to a foreign power 
would be to disobey the voice of inspiration, and to perjure 
my own conscience. 

2d. The State of Virginia is one of the Confederate States 
of the South — a Confederacy really and truly established by a 
necessary revolution, but still struggling with a rich and pow- 
erful foe, which seeks to subjugate its entire population ; and 
if needs be, to exterminate the whole Southern race, to build 
up Northern cities, and to fill the pockets of Northern men. 
While this is done, under the plea of philanthroj^y and the 
emancipation of a servile people, thousands by invasion and 
warfare are swej^t from the face of the earth, and rendered 
abundantly more wretched and degraded by the woes thus 
brought upon them. In swearing allegiance to the United 
States Government, I approve all this wickedness, as I con- 
ceive it to be ; and as far as my influence as a man, and as a 
minister, is concerned, I weaken the cause I love, and injure 
the prospects of the Government to which, in heart, I am 
loyal. 

3d. Inasmuch as my home is at the South, as my church is 
tliere, and all my hopes of future usefulness as a minister of 
Jesus Christ are there, — it would be suicidal, to every prospect 
of good that God has given me in this world, were I to sAvear 
allegiance to a Government that gives no protection to my 
people ; and whose principles and policy are utterly opposed 
to the Southern mind. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 249 

4tli. I regard the oath, under ordinary circumstances, as of 
the most solemn import ; and believe that it should never be 
taken with indifference, with mental reservation, or without a 
heart in the thin? sworn to be done. Under these circum- 
stances, it would be taking the name of God in vain — a sin of 
the most heinous character. 

5th. Swearing men, against their consciences, is to suppress 
the very best emotions of the human heart ; and, thus, by a mere 
brute force, every good principle may be crushed out; and the 
lawless and violent, with a semblance of religion in so holy a 
thing, may establish the most iniquitous rule, and eventually 
banish all good from the land. 

6tli. I regard it as iniquitous to reduce men to extremities, 
and then to apply the oath ; especially, when it is evident, that 
if left to themselves, they would not take it. A course which 
presents no true test, whilst it degrades, and renders nugatory 
that which God has designed as the last appeal to conscience 
and the '' end of all strife." 

May God save me from error in this grave and momentous 
matter ! 

Col. Lester left, to-day, for Harper's Ferry, where his case 
is to be investigated, and, as he hopes, a sentence of release 
awarded. 

I learn, from the clerks in Capt. Ahl's office, (Grady and 
Gibson) that the number of deaths among the Confederate 
prisoners, since the 16th of April last, is just One thousand, 
two hundred and forty two ! — a number much less than I had 
supposed, but, nevertheless, fearfully large. 



250 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

VIII. 

1864. January. 

Friday, 2^th. — I am still sick ; but have not been i^holly 
confined to bed. The Doctor has ijrescribed quinine, and I 
hope to be better to-morrow. 

Keceived another letter from my benevolent friend, the Hcv. 
Dr. McCown, of Kentucky. He informs me that, assisted by 
the Rev. Dr. Hill, Mrs. Escott, of Louisville, and the boys of 
his school, he has procured me a valuable suit of clothes. May 
God supply all their need, according to His riches in glory, by 
Jesus Christ! 

De La Mar's wife came to the Island, to-day, and has taken 
quarters at the hotel Gen. Schoe[)f exhibits great kindness in 
recent indulgences granted the prisoners. 

The whitewashers have been at work all day, preparing for 
the expected Commission to examine into the cases of political 
prisoners at this post. Whenever official strangers are ex- 
pected, there is a great stir, and of course the inspectors see 
everyihing in the best plight. 

Brogden received a fine box from Baltimore. All hands, 
of course, flocked around to see what it contained. Being a 
member of the same mess, I shall have my share of the good 
things. I find, by the way, that all who sit at our table are 
Marylanders, save Tibbetts : — Col. Waring, Gibson, Brogden, 
Shreve, and myself born in Washington, which was once a 
part of tiiat State. 

It is amu-ing to notice what small matters will interest the 
most sensible men, when shut up in prison. We had an illus- 
tration of this to-day. One of our most intelligent young men 
took considerable time and pains to make a " limber-jack," and 
suspending it by a string, amused himself, for a long time, in 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 251 

causing It to dance ; and anolher was sufficiently interested to 
make a dress for the thing, much to the satisfaction of himself 
and others. 

We had a solemn religious service to-night. Spoke some 
twenty minutes, or more; and had the undivided and serious 
attention of all present. After prayers, only four persons 
seemed to think of cards. The other tables were imme liately 
surroundtd with persons engaged in reading and writing. 
Thanks be to God, for the influence of the Gospel ! 

Saturday y 30th. — A bleak day. Still unwell ; headache ; 
in bed nearly all day. 

The noise, last night, after taps, was almost intolerable. It 
seemed as if every foul spirit had been kt loose. Col. Waring, 
who generally retires at an early hour, trie:l to sit the noisy 
ones out, and affected to be able to stand it; but had to "cave 
in," and went to bed — but not to sleep. This morning, by way 
of retaliation, some who were not engaged in thi^ confusion^ 
were up before light, beating a frying-pan, trumpeting, 
crowing, whistling, cackling, talking, quarreling, and making 
every other noise of which they were capable. The row con- 
tinued until after breakfast, and nearly caused more than one 
fight. Horrible as is all this tumult, I could adapt myself 
to it, in a measure, were it not for the disgraceful swearing 
and obscenity. We have one or two men in the room, whose 
foul and abominable words constantly impress me with the 
idea cf the bottomless pit. What a place is this, for a Chris- 
tian minister ! I thank God, that, in the midst of it all, I can 
preach and pray, as often as I please ! 

Water has, now, been let into the moat, which has long been 
exposed, and has sometimes been offensive beyond endurance. 
A malarious fover, very much like that of the low countries in 
the fall of the year, has been prevailing. Dr. Stone thinks 
my own sickness may ba attributed, in part, to this cause. I 
learn that the hospitals are still crowded with patients and 
much of the sickness is of the intermittent type. 



252 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE, 

Numerous friends are exerting themselves to obtain my 
release. Judge Houston has ^yritten to Washington; Ex- 
Gov. Causey, and Dr. David Stewart to Gen. Lockwood; 
friends in New Castle and Sussex counties, Del., and in 
"Worcester county, Md., are circulating petitions ; my es- 
liraable friend, John N. Handy, of Portsmouth, New Hamp- 
shire, has written to Maj.-Gen. Butler; and Col. Purnell 
is active, I believe, in Baltimore. The result is yet to be 
seen ; but why should so much effort be necessary to obtain 
the release of a minister of the Gospel, after a cruel imprison- 
ment of over six months, which he has suffered simply because 
he cannot think as others do, and is honest enough to say so ? 

Another solemn service to-night, and quiet up to this hour, 
(eight o'clock) before " taps." 

Sunday f 31si. — The quiet continued, after taps, last night ; 
and everybody seeming to put on their best behavior, we had 
an interesting change in our prison life, in the way of a good 
sound sleep until morning. TheSa'obiith, too, opened without 
noise, and it really wore an aspect befitting the day. Antici- 
pating an inspection of the room by Capt. Ahl, and appre- 
hending other interruptions, thouglit best to postpone the 
preaching until after dinner. Circulated the religious papers, 
and had the pleasure of seeing all hands engaged in attentive 
reading. 

After dinner, preached from Song of Solomon, iii. 16 — 
"Awahe, North wind, and come thou Soidh ; blow upon my 
garden that spices thereof may jlow out^ The company were 
interested, I think, and came together again at night, after a 
comparatively quiet day, to hear some remarks on the import- 
ance of being rirjht as to the basis of hope for eternity. No 
noise until taps, when several of our restless ones began to un- 
bend ; and we had more confusion than became the last hours 
of the Sabbath. 

Lieut. Russell was removed to the barracks — a movement 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 253 

which has caused considerable surmise. Some say it has been 
discovered that he is not an ofncer ; others affirm that the 
prisoners, at the barracks, are shortly to be removed to Point 
Lookout, and that the officers at Johnson's Island are to be 
brought to this place. This last — perhaps both — may be true, 
as a reinforcement of soldiers came last evening, and an iron- 
clad is anchored between the Fort and Delaware City. 

A number of strange officers are here, and have been re- 
galed, at intervals during the day, with music. 



IX. 

Febeuahy. 



Monday ) Ist. — An exceedingly disagreeable and rainy day. 
The Island is literally a bank of mud. The bad weather, 
poor health, and the padlock on the outside of our door, have 
made me more of a prisoner, during tl;e last week or ten days, 
than I have felt myself to ba at any time before, since I have 
been at the Fort. 

I am now the only political prisoner having a parole ; but 
for the reasons mentioned, it is of little use to me. AYere my 
heahh good, and the weather fair, it would be unpleasant to 
be constantly calling the s;'rgeant to unlock the door. I prefer 
to suffer, rather than encounter the sour looks and hard Avords 
of a captious understrapper, and perhaps run the risk of losing 
my parole. 

Had the good fortune to receive three copies of the New 
York Daily News, forwarded by a friend who is engaged upon 
that journal. Also, received a letter from Mrs. A. W. Emlcy, 
of Philadelphia, proposing to send me a package of bouks for 



254 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

distribution, and some provisions for my own use. It will 
give me pleasure to receive the donation; and the books 
will be particularly welcome, as we are sadly in want of read- 
ing matter. 

Some of our company have amused themselves with gym- 
nastics, this evening. Several good feats were performed upon 
a rope suspended, by Pearson, from the iron girders in the ceil- 
ing. Similar exercise would be of advantage to every member 
of our company. 

Regretted to observe several persons at cards, in the west 
end of the room, during religious service; others I think were 
playing back-gammon, behind the bunks. Truly, madness is 
in the sinner's heart I 

Tuesday, 2(1. — The bad weather continues. Confined to 
the room all day, and felt quite unwell. Read, lounged, and 
walked, at intervals. 

A letter from my wife informs me, that she has had a com- 
munication from Gen. Lockwood, corroborating the statement 
of Gen. Schoepf, in regard to the appointment of a Commission 
to examine into the cases of political prisoners. Ho says, that 
nothing can be done for me, until that time; when he thinks 
I will be released. I hope so, but will not suffer myself to be 
unduly expectant. 

Have fit sad and worried, all day. Find that I am losing 
my natural buoyancy, and social disposition. Take little in- 
terest in what occurs around me. Feel deeply the cruelty of 
my imprisonment. Anxious about my family. Suffer much 
from obscenities and blasphemies, that constantly greet my ear. 
Distressed that my sermons, lectures, and other religious ser- 
vices, have had so little power in converting souls. My health 
gives way fast; and I sometimes fear that I shall not be able 
to stand it much longer. 

We have several professed infidels in the room. They are 
not ashamed to avow their unbelief; and though incapable of 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 255 

much argument, they oppose the truth, and glory in their 
sliame. Had an animated talk with one of them, this evening, 
after taps. Spoke very plainly to him; repelled his slurs; 
and warned him of his own great danger. Statements and 
arguments were elicited, which the usual services could not 
bring out. Many stood around ; and I trust that God will 
turn the conversation to good account 

My dej)ressed and moody condition, for some days past, has 
had a bad influence, I fear, upon the interests of religion in 
our room. Far be it from me to suggest to any mind, by such 
an example, that religion is a gloomy thing. But I am sick, 
and anxious about my helpless and dependent family. The 
future is dark. I live in the midst of noise and confusion, and I 
seem, verily, to be in a sort of hell upon earth. My Heavenly 
Father is leading me by a way I know not. Thy will, O God, 
be done ! 

Wednesday, 3c?. — The room has been very gay to-day ; 
romping, chattering, card-playing, and similar amusements 
have been the chief occupations of many. Still housed up 
with bad weather. Our door continues to be locked. Very 
little communication with the outer world. 

A letter to the Commandant from my brother-in-law, J. B. 
Dil worth, announcing liis intention to send me regularly the 
Daily News, with a dujilicate copy for Gen. Schcepf. The 
letter was endorsed by the General, directing me to reply to it, 
which I suppose indicates his assent to the arrangement. Read 
the Southern news aloud. All greatly cheered by the tone of 
the Congressional resolutions — especially by the interest and 
sympathy cxpressea for Confederate prisoners. 

Pleasant services at worship, both last night and to-night. 
Cards and back-gammon until after taps. 

Thursday, 4th. — The five windows in the rear of our 
room have, at last, been fitted with sash and glass. A flood 



256 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

of light now beams in upon us, which is cheering indeed. The 
view is not so good as in our old quarters, but we have so long 
been shut out from any comforting sight, except as we could 
get it by peeping through the cracks, or going into "the sinks" 
to look over them, with a dreadful stench in our noses, or an 
unpleasant wind or mist in our faces, that we now feel com- 
paratively comfortable. A number of panes are s ill wanting, 
but we hope they will be supplied after a while. 

The suit of clothes, forwarded by the Hev. Dr. McCown, 
came safely to hand to-day. But I am disappointed. The 
Dutchman, who took my measure, has given me a fit for a 
Falstaff. Great as is my need — not being able to wear the 
clothes — I shall be obliged to sell or exchange them; but the 
gratitude to my worthy and benevolent friend is still the same. 

Another letter, which my wife ought to have received sev- 
eral days ago, has not yet reached her. Delays of this sort 
are entirely too frequent, and often letters do not reach their 
destination at all. Messrs. Razin, De la Mar, and others com- 
plain much of similar interruptions in their correspondence. 

Messrs. Richardson and Joyce, late editors of t!ie Baltimore 
Republicanj came into our apartment, as prisoners, this after- 
noon. They are under sentence of banishment; have been 
south; visited Nassau; spent three months in Nev/ York ; 
were paroled fv-r ten days in Baltimore, and in five days after 
the parole was granted they were ordered to Fort Delaware. 

At worship, to-ni2;ht, spoke on the blessing and privilege 
of prayer. Some noisy ones at the farther end of tlie room; 
but an attentive company about the stove, and near the table. 

Friday, 5th. — The noise after reveille, this morning, was in- 
tolerable. It is astonishing, how fitful are the strange com- 
motions, after a few days of comparative quiet; like tlie gush- 
ing forth of pent-up waters, the tumult rises, swell^^, end fin- 
ally rushes forth, carrying everything before it. This is not 
confined to the 3'oungr^r and more restive members of our com- 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 257 

pany, but the aged lose their dignity ; the usually cautious 
seem, for a time, to forget themselves, and every man appears 
to be possessed of the contagious spirit of disorder. 

Expected my wife, and went to the boat lo meet her. She 
did not come, and I felt much disappointed. Was informed 
by a workman from Delaware city, that my son would be over 
in the mail boat. Watched for him, and was again disap- 
pointed. Spent a good portion of the day in perambulating 
the island ; visited Chaj>lain Paddock, and foiaid h'.m quite 
sick from the effects of a recent hemorrhage. 

The gambling propensiti s are on the increase. Three or 
four tables are, sometimes, all going at once. Keno has been 
introduced to-day for the first time, and has created preat in- 
terest. Some former professors of religion frequent tlie tables; 
others who read their prayer-books, every day, take part 
with zest; and one or more whom I have heretofore had 
reason to believe were real Christians, often sit near by, and 
watch the games. How woak is man when left to himself! 

Spoke to-night on the Law of Influences, and illustrated 
the power which men have over each other for good or for 
evil. Cautioned my fellow-prisoners, and warned them against 
the danger of leading others astray, or being themselves in-- 
jured by present associations. 

Suffering, still, with severe cough and cold. Major Hammond 
is in the same plight; and others are more or less unwell witli 
rheumatism, or predisposition to intermittent and bilious 
complaints. 

Saturday, Qth. — The morning was without noise or confu- 
sion, and nearly all the company were asleep when the call 
was made for breakfast. This may be attributed to two causes : — 
the surf.it which some had on yesterday morning, and the 
fact that six or eight of our most noisy ones spent nearly the 
whole night at Keno. Such is prison life ! 

My cough has been so troublesome, thut I have notven- 
17 



258 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

turcd out of the room to-day. Have no recollection of ever 
having a worse cough in my life. Feel very anxious about it, 
but hope for the best. 

Neglected to mention, in yesterday's record, the receipt of 
another letter, hy flag of truce, from ray daughter in Iliclmiond. 
God has been kind in thus permitting me to hear from my 
dear childrc n, since I have been a prisoner. I have be; n par- 
ticularly anxious about the support and comfort of those in the 
South. 



Expounded portions of the 4th and 5th chapters of 1st 
Thessaloniaris, and Iried to make some practical suggestions in 
view of the second advent of the Lord Jesus Christ. A re- 
spectful and apparently serious attention, but immediately after 
worship, the keno-table was rerfuracd. 

f^unday, 7th. — Capt, Ahl vi-ited the room this morning, 
for inspection. Expecting this and other interruptions — such 
as have occurred a number of Sabbaths in succession — tliought 
it best to defer the services until af;er dinner. At about two 
o'clock, addressed a smaller company tlxan usual, from the 
words, " Ye cannot drink t)f the cup of the Lord and the cup 
of devils/' &c. Tliis is one of the few sermons, since my im- 
prisonment, addressed particularly to professors of religion. 
My object was to reach several backsliders whom I have re- 
■cei}t]y discovered, and some two or three who yet openly pro- 
fess the name of Christ, but walk very inconsistently. 

My evening sermon was based upon those wor^ls of Paul, 
"Playing always with all prayer." A better congregation and 
closer attention than in the morning. One who in tlu fore- 
part of the day sat just at my side snoring loudly, was now 
wide awake, and was evidently impressed. Another — one 
of our m(!st intelligent men — remarked that he felt more inter- 
ested in the discourse than in anything he had before heard me 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY, 259 

preach. It is pleasant to note the slightest indication of good. 
Much has been said during the past six months; but, oh, how 
little has been accomplished! But the seed is sown, and will 
no doubt spring up after many days. 

We have not had as quiet a Sabbath for several weeks, as 
we have enjoyed (o-day. In the course of the afttrnoon there 
was a sudden relaxation, and f-ome of the young men gave way 
to a noisy romp. After taps a buzz commenced, and, in the 
midst of a loud and general discussion of some political subject, 
I fell asleep. 

Ilonday, 8th. — Had the pleasure of another visit from my 
wife, who came over, alone, in the Qsceola, at about nine o'clock. 
The door being locked, I had to wait some time for the turn- 
key, and consequently faih d to meet her on the wharf. Has- 
tened down, however, and found her at the hotel. She left 
it about four o'clock in the mail boat — the wind blowing and 
the waves dashing furiously. Watched the struggles of the 
boat, until she had nearly reached the other side, and returned 
to my room, committing my dear wife to the kind keeping of 
the Almighty. 

Saw Gen. Lockwood's letter to Col. Purnell, confirming 
the statement in regard to the coming of a Commission, to ex- 
amine into the cases of political prisoners. It may be looked 
for- about the middle of this week. Whether it will be for my 
relief, I know not; but I really dread it, as I cannot renounce 
my principles, or act the hypocrite. I presume they will find 
that I have uttered "intensely disloyal sentiments," according 
to the statement of a Washington official, as reported in a letter 
lately received from a friend. The privacy of the conver- 
sation, and the non-intention to make mischief . (which must 
appear in the examination) may afford some palliation. In 
God I trust. 

The gambling, to-night, like to have resulted in a serious 
fight. C and L were the parties. The latter drew 



260 • UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

a knife, and the consequences might have been deplorable, but 
for the intervention of the surrounding company. Swearing, 
drinking, broils, murder, all follow in the train of the miser- 
able vice of gambling. 

A fine new flag, broad and showy, now floats on the 
parapet, the old one having b^en completely torn to pieces by 
the late winds. 

Several of our number are still complaining of ill health. 
Last night Robert Lloyd was very ill ; "Jimmy E,eb" is yet 
in a bad condition. Col. Warino- was more "under the weather" 
than he has been since he came to the island. Capt. Miles, Mills, 
Nelson and others, have been obliged to consult the doctor. 
Brogden is better, but his constitution is broken. Although 
the moat is full of water, the stench is bad, and may con- 
tribute to increase disease. 

Tuesday, 9th. — We have- had a day of confusion and excite- 
ment. Expecting from some report, that our quarters were 
about to be changed, all hands were on the look-out, at an early 
hour. At about nine o'clock, Cunningham came in and an- 
nounced the expected change; and also ordered us to be ready, 
in mess' s of six, to make the move. In a few moments every- 
body was engaged in packing. Beds, trunks, crockery, books, 
and et-ceteras of cveiy description were tumbled, helter skelter^ 
out of their usual places — each min watching his own property- 
Most of us had on our hats and overcoats, and stood waiting 
for the opening of the door ; until after three or four hours 
of delay, our suspense was relieved by pompous and formal, 
calls, at intervals of fifteen minutes for each mess, which were 
assigned, according to the will of our factotum, to the several 
rooms in our old quarters. It was my good fortune to get back 
into No. 6, where I spent so many jjainfiil hours during the 
summer and fall. Our mess consists of CI. Waring, Brogden, 
Hichardson, Shrove, Gibson, Tibbetts, and myself. 

After reaching the quarters, a most uninviting prosp'ct 



DUKESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 261 

greeted us. The white-washers were still at work. The walls 
were exceedingly damp, and the floors were bespattered with 
lime. It required an hour or two to get things righted up. 
As soon as this was accomplished, I fell into bed — my head 
almost breaking with pain. Had been suffering all day with a 
violent neuralgia, aggravated by excitement suspensCj and the 
labor of removing my clothes and bedding. 

Wednesday, 10th. — Have been suffering, all day, with some- 
thing like what used to be called in the West, break-bone fever. 
All my limbs aching. Indisposition to get about. On the 
bed, at intervals, until seven o'clock, when we had a short 
evening service in the hall, whore we had a cold and uninvit- 
ing prospect. 

A notice appears in the Baltimore American, said to have 
been copied from the National Intelligencer, announcing the 
"pardon" of Col. Waring by President Lincoln, on the appli- 
cation of sundry distinguished citizens of Maryland, chiefly 
members of the Legislature. The Colonel has been drooping, 
very much, during the past ten days. His health has failed 
considerably, and his spirits have been flagging. He has the 
sincere good wishes of all the prisoners ; and though he has 
had no formal intimation of his release, he has had the hearty 
congratulations of all around him. 

Drummond has received a letter from his wife, stating that 
Col. Burroughs, of Norfolk, who was recently shot by a negro 
sentinel, was actually murdered whilst asleep in bed. Before 
his death he affirmed, that he was not trying, as alleged, to 
make his escape. What a terrible outrage ! 

Thursday, 11th. — Col. Waring is again a free man. A 
formal, unconditional pardon was put into his hands, this 
afternoon, by the commanding General. The document was 
signed by Colonel Hoffman, by order of President Lincoln. 
Pardoned ! What an absurdity ! True, the Colonel has 



262 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

undergone the formality of a trial, but the case was prejudged, 
and a sentence of condemnation agreed upon, before tho evi- 
dence was given. And what was the crime? — Harborins: and 
feeding Confederate soldiers. And who W( ro the Conf derate 
.soldiers? — His own son, who, at the request of h's father, 
was discharg(d by Gen. L.c, on account of tlie death of two 
other sons; and Si friend wh» had been instrumental in pro- 
curinG; the re lease of the returned soldier. For entertaining; 
these young men, under peculiar c'rcumstanccs, a vrneraVJe 
citizen is shut up eight months w'thin the wal's ( fa fort, liis valu- 
able property conliscated, h's family scattered — and then he is 
pardoned! I am glad, ihat a government, whl;h has accom- 
plished so much evil, and brou jht distress and wretchedness 
on so mary families, has opened its eyes, sufiif iendy, to see 
its sin at least in one case; and that it seems disposed, even at 
this late hour, to measure out a tardy jus; icj in the restoration 
of a persecuted old man to his wonte 1 freedom and domestic 
peace. But is this pardon f If there has been no crime, is 
it not insult to apply the word? 

Gen. Schospf s'.nt me word by t^:e Colonel, that I am to be 
released in a few days. Perhaps h i rrfers to the Commission, 
and iho j^fobabiliii/ of my relief. I shall hopo, but will try to 
be prepared for any result. 

Weather, last night, very cold, and the moat frozen over 
this morning. 

Friday, 12th. — Chaplain Way, Avho has just returned from 
a visit to Sussex, informs me, that Avhilst at dinner at Gov. 
Cannon's, he saw a letter writien by that gentleman to Gen. 
Lockwood, asking the release of Mr. Long and myself. With 
this influence, additional to that already brought to bear from 
distinguished quarters, I ought soon to be relieved from this 
tedious prison life. 

Colonel Waring left to-day, intending to take the Erickson 
boat, to-night, for Baltimore. He will go oa immediately to 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 263 

Martinsburg to meet his wife, and ihjn will shape his course, 
as circumstances may indicate for the best. Before leaving, the 
old ge.itleraan had quite a jolly time, moving around among 
his friends on the island, and giving a few parting words to 
his late fellow-prisoners. After breaking a bo'.tle with a silect 
few, and jiiiiiing them in a game of whist, he took a formal 
leave of the company, and left for the boat. As my room-mate, 
he politely excused himself to me, for the evident intrusion 
u[)on my principles — on the ground of the S|)eciul circum- 
stances — and we parted with mutual good wishes. 

Dr. Fromberger informs me, that my friend Henry Leslie, 
made every elTort, some time ago, to visit me on the island, 
and that after securing a pa^s from Gen. Cadwallader, he was 
induced to relinquish the idea, from the powerful influence for 
evil, that might be brought against him, should he do so. 

A cold and cheerless hall, short services, and little interest. 

Saturday J 13th. — Spent much of the morning in conversa- 
tion with Mr. J on the evidences of Christianity. Find him 

exceedingly sceptical and unbelieving. With a good memory, 
and a general reader, he is familiar with most of the infidel 
objections to the Bible, and urges them as though they had 
never been heard before. His manner is very gentlemanly, 
however, and I think I can see, under all his opposition and 
unsettled mind, a spirit of inquiry. I have loaned him, at 
different times. Home's Introduction to tha Scriptures, Butler's 
Analogy, and Nelson's Cause and Cure of Infidelity. He has 
expressed dissatisfaction with all of them. Home is too 
general and desultory; Butler is too antiquated and hackneyed; 
and Nelson too illiterate and coarse. Notwithstanding his 
objections, he seems to be wading through this last, and con- 
fesses that the Doctor sug-wsts a fact in reG;ard to Gibbon's 
unfairness and dishonesty, in what he calls a chapter on 
eclipses, which astonishes him, and deserves further investi- 
gation. In the course of conversation it became very evi- 



264 UNITED STATES BONDS; OK 

dent, that if he has a predilection for any denomination 
of professing C!Hi.-,t!ans, it is for the Church of Rome. The 
organized charities of that people give them a high place in 
his estimation. 

After the evening services, had quite a discussion with Brog- 
den, Gibson, Pearsnn, and others, on the morality of dancing, 
games, &o. Find few who are willing to accept my views on 
these subjects, whilst an impiessirm has evidently been made, 
by my suggestions, on the minds of some. 

On returning to our old quarters, we were notified by Carr, 
the superintendent of kitchen matters, that there would be 
no more messing in the rooms, and that all must eat at the 
table below-stairs. During the six months and a half of my 
imprisonment, I have never appeared at that table. My first 
sight of it, soon afier coming to the island, was sufficiently dis- 
gusting. The slice of meat, and cup of weak coffee, or soup, 
had too much of the penitentiary look; and I felt thankful 
for the supplies from friends ia Delaware, who saved me from 
that dreary and uninviting board. To come to it, now, seemed 
rather hard — especially as the allowance of bread was to be 
only a single slice at a meal, and I must stand up to cat that. 
For several days most of our company have been obliged to 
submit to the new rule. Our mess, having supplies on hand, 
have held out until to-day. A conference with Carr, with 
some spirit of resistance on his part, hns brought us back to 
the old regime. lie was inf >rmtd, that v,-e had the General's 
approbation, of which Col. Waring assured us yesterday. The 
superintendent now declares, that it was not his purpose to 
restrict us in brtad, nor to prevent our eating ia the rooms. 
We are all straight now. 

Two or three hundred " Il.'bs," calling themselvis 
"citizens," who have offered to take the oath of allegiance, 
were mustered on the lawn, in front of the General's residence, 
this afternoon, with boxes, bundles, and whatever effects they 
owned. They underwent u thorough examination, and were 



DUEESS B'Y.FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 265 

deprived of all superfluities, preparatory to a move — shortly to 
take place — the nature of which I could not hear. The Con- 
federate ram, Atlanta, now in possession of the Yankees, passed 
the island, this morning, en route to Philadelphia. 

/Sunday, 14:iJi. — Oar religious services were suspended this 
morning, for the want of a comfortable place to hold them. 
The hall is now too cold and dreary to be used, except for a 
very short time, as for prayer in the evening. This is the first 
time we have been broken up, save once or twice, on account 
of my health, since I have been at Fort Delaware. The 
interest has been kept up beyond all expectation. No public 
disapprobation has been expressed. A few have seldom 
attended ; some have been careless ; but the feeling generally 
has been nearly unanimous in favor of continued services. 
The restraining influence has been good; some minds have 
been impressed ; but the full amount of good that has been 
done, eternity alone will reveal. 

Spent most of the day in reviewing the evidences of 
Christianity, a subject to which I am endeavoring to give new 
attention, but which, for the want of books, I must pursue 
with considerable embarrassment. Read Mcllvaine with great 
pleasure. 

Monday, 15th. — Have had another visit from my wife. 
She came over this morning in the mail boat, and remained 
until three o'clock. Little Lillie accompanied her mother, and 
knew me from the hotel window, entirely across the parade 
ground. My wife informs me that a petition for my release, 
signed by numerous Republicans of New Castle county, has 
been put into the hunds of General Schoepf, to ba forwarded to 
Washington. She also handed me a package of letters from 
friends in Portsmouth, expressing themselves in terms of the 
warmest sympathy, and assuring me of their constant prayers 
in my behalf. Thank God for friends, and especially for 
praying friends ! 



266 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Great anxiety is felt in regard to the coming of "the 
Commission." From several reliable sources we have had 
information, that the two Judges — Bond and King — will be 
here (o-d.iy. Their arrival has not yet been announced, and 
there is no little disappointment among the prisoners. 

AVe still have a number of sick and ailing ones among us. 
Gibson seems quite ill ; Shanks has the pleurisy ; Maynadier, 
Mill-;, and others are suffering with rheumatism. Dr. Stone 
is the attending physician, and has the respect and confidence 
of all the prisoners. 

By my wife's visit, the state of our larder has been consider- 
ably improved. After she left, we made our dinner-supper on 
a fine pot-pie, which with other good things, and a neatly 
spread table, gave us quite a home feeling. 

Bible rending and prayer, in the hall, at half-past six, and 
then all busily engaged until taps, in reading, writing, and 
conversation. Others, without disturbance, continued with 
lighted cundles the same occupations, until tired enough for 
bed. 

Tuesday, 'iGth. — Dr. Stone visited the room before most 
of us were up. Gibson had a bid night; but was much better 
in the morning, and was dressed and going about, long before 
the day was over. The breakfast-table was scarcely out of 
the floor, M'hen Carr opened the door, and ordered us to have 
things in readiness for an inspection. The same order was 
given in each of the rooms, and expecting a special examina- 
tion by some official committee, the whole apartment wore its 
best looks. The day passed, but no inspection took p!ace. 

We are now living, very confortably, in No. 6. Everything 
really necessary is at hand; plenty of tea, coffee, sweetmeats, 
good bei f, poultry, mi'-k, and other luxuries. Every few days 
brings us a box or basket, and we genei-ally have enouj,h, and 
to epare. Bro::den received, to-day, a small box from Balti- 
more ; I, too, had a small package from Philadelphia. Uncle 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 267 

Sam has had veiy little to do with feeding any members of our 
mess, an 1 others of the political prison is have b^^tn quite as 
independent, especially tl:e inmates of Nos. 1 and 2. Some 
of us luvo never drawn anything but bread, and sometimes a 
little f-ugar aiid coff e. At one time we were dependent for 
beef; moio recently we have been bountifully supplied with 
cook d meats, which are always bett'.r than anything furnished 
at (he common table. The ra'.ions are prepared mucli better 
than Lefore our late move. The coffee is pretty gord, and the 
soup is better supplied with vtgetables. This improvement 
I note wi h pleasure. 

Two "Rebs" are said to have escaped, last night, from the 
hosp'tal ; but the parUc.ilars are not stated. Every such event 
makes, fn- a time, a more rigid discipline. 

There were less than a dozen persons at worship this even- 
ing; and most of tliLse were p /oressors of religion. The hall 
is uncomfortable, but if there were a heart for the services, 
there might be a much better attendance. 

As I am about to retire, the wind howls furiously around 
the Fort; and I think Avith pity of the poor fellows at the 
barracks, who will probably sufler from cold. 

Wednesday, llth. — A day of excitement. The long-looked 
for Commission, consisting of Judges Bond and King, has 
arrive 1, and the event Avas announced by Cunningham before 
some of us were up. At about fen o'clock, Grady, Gi! -^n, 
and Griffith — who-e names stand first on the old roll — were 
called out. In half an hour they returnetl, with a very favor^ 
able report of the manner in which they had been received. 
Grady and Gibson seemed hopeful, but Ginffith got the im- 
pression that ho would be retained as a prisoner for the war. 
The examina'.ion continu. d luitil two o'clock, when tlie Com- 
mission adjourned f )r dinner. All agreed as to the gentlemanly 
bearing of the Judges, and with few exceptions all seemed 
hopeful. Porter and Tibbetts were most apprehensive. 



268 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

After dinner, those whose cases had not yet been examined 
(excepting such as had been sentenced by courts-martial), were 
caHed to a room near the General's office, to appear separately 
before the Commission, holding^ their sessions in an atljoininij 
room. The roll continued until after some half a dozen had 
gone in, each remaining from ten to thirty minutes, when my 
name was announced. 

Judges King and Bond were occupying seats on opposite 
sides of the range ; a respectable looking old gentleman 
named Rogers, of Baltimore, sat near Judge Bond, and one of 
Capt. Ahl's clerks was seated at a table in the rear. I was 
requested to seat myself in a vacant chair in front of the 
range, and nearest to Judge King. For a moment there was 
some hesitation. A few words passed, by way of salutation. 
Judge Bond then inquired, what charges had been made 
against me, and whether there had been any trial or investi- 
gation of my case. 

I replied that I had had no trial, and proceeded to make a 
short statement of the circumstances of my arrest. A few 
questions were proposed, to elicit my position, but no captious- 
ncss was evinced, with t!ie exception of a remark by Judge 
Bond, that he presumed I was abusing the Government in the 
conversation for Mdiich I had been imprisoned. 

The examination — if such it could be called — amounted to 
nothing. It was loose, irregular, and to myself, Avholly un- 
satisfactory, as to the development of facts. The Judges had 
evidently informed themselves, to the extent of their wishes, 
before tliey came to the island. The object, now, seemed to be, 
simply, to see and amuse themselves with the j)risoners, and, 
perhaps, to get as many of them as possible to take the oath. 
In my case the oath was not proposed, but Judge Bond, who 
is a Northern Methodist, saw fit to take me through a sort of 
catechetical exercise, either to try my Calvinism, or to gratify 
an untimely curiosity. 

" Do you believe," said he, " that God has placed men in 
families, and that he has ordained Communities and States ? " 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. ^69 

A Presbyterian minister, of course, could have no difficulty 
in responding affirmatively to this strangely official question. 

"If such, then, is your belief," he continued, " is it not your 
duty to teach all the obligations which arise from these several 
conditions ? " 

"Most assuredly I do." 

"Then, you will preach against blockade running, which 
includes lying, and other sins?" 

I replied, that I had always denounced sin, and fearlessly 
rej)udiated it wherever I found it, whether in connection with 
the daily avocations of men, among politicians, or under any 
other circumstances. I assured him, however, "that I had 
always avoided political preaching as such; and that in regard 
to the subject of blockade running, I had never in the course 
of my ministry had occasion to refer to it. In the abstract I 
might now say, that it involved principles to be settled by 
individual consciences." 

Both of the Judges were inquisitive in regard to my prac- 
tice, concerning prayer for the President of the United States. 

I told them, that I had frequently prayed for him ; but that 
it was never my custom to dictate to the Almighty, in regard 
to the particular blessings to be bestowed. 

Judge Bond now introduced the subject of slavery, and 
reminded me of the recent deliverances of the Presljyterian 
Church (North) in regard to that topic, intending, as I pre- 
sume, .to criminate me. in view of what he assumed to be my 
own heresy. 

I was, next, interrogated as to the comparative strength of 
feeling on the subject of slavery among the different denomi- 
nations at the South ; and, in this connection, my own vievfs 
Avere more particularly elicited. 

He agreed with me, that the Methodist Church, South, 
had not been behind any other in sustaining the institutions 
of slavery ; and I imagined I could see considerable chafing, 
at the thought of this prominence on the part of his own 



270 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

denomination. In regard to myself, lie soon found, that I liud 
no personal interest, whatever, in the subject; and that I was 
perfectly willing to leave the decision of so vexed and intricate 
a question with Him, whose infinite wisdom will sooner or 
later decide it. 

. T!ie interview now closed — Judge Bond remarking that he 
thought it would be well, if his fellow-townsman, the Rev. Dr. 
Bullock, and I, could exchange places. I thought Judge King 
was particularly sparing of my feelings, and I am indebted to 
him for turning the conversation, several times, in reply to 
questions j^roposed by his associate of the bench. 

I was now permitted to leave the room, .rejoicing that 
nothing had been said to me about the oath, and with what I 
regarded as an implied assurance from both of the officials, 
that I should soon be relieved from my imprisonment. When 
reminding them of my long confinement, and the dependent 
condition of my large family, they assured me of their sym- 
pathy, and added that th,ey were willing to do all that they 
could for the prisoners. I hope there hns been ]io misunder- 
standing in regard to my position — though I confess to some 
ajiprelieusion, since reflecting upon the remark of Judge Bond 
concerning the substitution of Dr. Bullock as a prisoner at this 
place. But why should I be worried ? The question was dis- 
tinctly put, and was as clearly and definitely answered : — "My 
predilections are all with the South." I would now duplicate the 
testimony, in this record. Let all who know me, understand that 
I am a true and earnest Southern man, believing that right is 
with the people of that oppressed section, in the great questions 
now at issue. But I am willing, and anxious, to make all due 
allowance fir those who cannot see as I do. I am a man of 
peace, repudiating all vindictiveness, and submitting the whole 
controversy and its issues to Him who secth not as man seeth, 
and who will glorify Plimself in the result, making the wrath 
of man to praise Him. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AaTHOEITY. 271 

Thursday, 18th. — For several days past, the weather has 
been intensely cold — colder, it is thought, than it has been before 
in this region for at least four years. The river is again frozen 
over, and all the moats and ponds, on the island, are blocked 
up with ice. The poor fellows, at the barracks, have had a 
hard time. I can get no particulars, but we hear that several 
have, lately, been badly frozen. Whether any have died from 
the effects of cold, I havo not heard. Seven men escaped night 
before last, but were all caught, near Wilmington, and brought 
back. 

The Commission finished its work this morniug, and the 
Judges were to have left tiiis afternoon. Snyder, De La Mar, 
and others, arc very much discouraged. The first named will 
probub^,y be tried by court-martial, on the charge of being a 
spy. I feel sorry for him, as he has a disease which of itself 
is likely to end his life, unless he can be relieved from prison, 
and get such treatment and attention as it is impossible to re- 
ceive here. The cases of Richardson, and Joice have been passed 
over, as under the special jurisdiction of the Secretary of War. 
Pearson and Devitt, both of them sentenced for the war, ap- 
peared before the Commission. The first, after making his 
statement, and disclosing his position, was informed by the 
Judges that they had nothing to do with his case. The other 
did not make known his peculiar status, and his case was 
noted, like all the rest, for reference to Gen. Lockwood. He 
hopes for' a release, in the contemplated general delivery. All 
are now in suspense, and the time will hang heavy, until the 
result is known. 

Two more letters have come to hand, from my good friend, 
the Rev. Dr. McCown, enclosing funds. Truly this brother — 
whom I have never seen — is a friend, indeed. M;iy his heart's 
desire be abundantly realized, in the conversion, and future use- 
fulness of his dear son. One of the letters h;;s certain allu- 
sions, indicating that somebody has been writing to him 
in my name — for what purpose I have no idea, unless to 



272 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

extort money. He refers to the notes of a sermon enclosed in 
a letter lately received, and tlianks me for them. I have no 
recollection of ever sending such notes ; and am at a loss to 
know what is meant. 

My copy of the Daily Neics is very irregular in coming. 
For three days, I have not received it at all. Sometimes, I get 
duplicates, the pap' r for Gen. Schcepf being enclosed with 
mine, and both being sent to me unopened. 

We had a comfortable evening service, in No. 2, and shall 
continue, for the 2>rescnt, to meet there. Made some remarks 
on Firmness, as necessary to the sum of Christian character. 

Friday, 19th. — Gen. Jeff. Thompson was brought to the 
island, to-day, and quartered in the room formerly occupied 
by Col. Waring, Just as I was starting out for a walk, I 
discovered this distinguished officer, in company with Gen. 
Schcepf, on the platform in front of the frame building, on the 
left of the yard. I was passing on to the sally-port, when I 
heard my name called, by the Commandant ; and before I could 
cross over, he spoke loud enough to be heard at a distance : 

" You be released, now, in a few days." 

Approaching the two officers, I was very pleasantly intro- 
duced to "Gen. Jeff Thompson." — Pointing to me: 

" He a Rebel too," said Gen. Schcepf. 

I inquired of Gen. Thompson, how he happened to be at 
Fort Delaware. 

" He came here," said Gen. Schcepf, "to be well treated. 
We know how to treat the soldier here. Don't you think 
so?" 

Very cordially assenting to this remark, the General con- 
tinued : 

" You must not abuse me when you leave here." 

" I shall not be di^^posed to do so," I replied. " You have 
always treated me with great kindness ; and I think you have 
the good feeling of all the prisoners." 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 273 

Turning to Gen. Thompson, the Commandant then remarked : 
" Dr. Handy will be a pleasant companion for you," — at the 
same time pointing to the General's room, that I might know 
where to find him. 

After a few moments more of conversation, we separated, 
and the two Generals crossed the fort-yard, to Schoepf 's office. 

In about an hour after this interview. Gen. Thompson sent 
for me, to visit him at his room. I found him occupying a 
bench in front of a good coal fire, with a small table at his 
side. The room looked rather naked, but clean, and waiting 
only to be j^ut in such order as a day or two will find it. 

The object of the General was to get the " hang" of things, 
and to make some arrangements about messing. He showed 
me his parole, binding him not to make his escape, and allow- 
ing him the privilege of the island. I could not tell him 
whether he would be allowed to visit the quarters of the polit- 
ical prisoners ; but suggested, that could he do so, it would 
give me great pleasure to have him as one of our party in No. 
6. He thought there would be no difficulty about it ; but to 
make the matter sure, he proposed to go, at once, to see Gen. 
Schoepf. Soon returning, he said it was " all right ;" and that 
the Commafndant assured him, he was just thinking it would 
be well, either, that he should join me in my room, or, that I 
that I should go down with him. 

Gen. Thompson had been invited to dine with Gen. Schoepf; 
but had dcclinetl, and was ready to join our party, at our usual 
dinner-supper. We walked up together, and after an intro- 
duction to several of the prisoners, and a chat of an hour or 
more, the inmates of No. 6 had the pleasure of the General's 
company at the table. It was quite an agreeable change in 
our routine, to hear his very fluent, and entertaining conversa- 
tion. 

Gen. Thompson is a native of Jefferson county, Ya. He 
was once a clerk in the City of Baltimore; but for seventeen 
years has been a citizen of Missouri, residing most of ths'time 
18 



274 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

in St. Joseph's. He is an engineer by profession, and has 
been extensively engaged in real estate brokerage. Before the 
war he was two years mayor of St. Joseph. He is now in the 
thirty-ninth year of his age; has never had much sickness, 
and is evidently capable of great endurance. In person he is 
tall and slender, fully six feet in height, with a stooj) in the 
(shoulders, of thin visage, furrowed cheeks, long, sharp nose, 
rather projecting lower lip, with brown moustache, and thiu 
goatee. His hands and ^eet are disproportionate in size, and 
in walking his strides are long. At present he is dressed in 
a full suit of black cloth, and wears a gray Confederate over- 
coat. He confesses to have been rather fond of a spree in his 
early days, and says, the })hotograph of him, which is now 
circulating at the North, was taken just after a " regular bust.'' 
His habits, at present, are temperate. With the exception of a 
liitle beer, recently taken, he has drunk no liquor for more 
than two years. Tobacco he repudiates entirely. But the 
General will swear in telling an anecdote, excusing himself 
with the apology that he means no harm, and calling it '^ my 
emphatic language." Plis speech is rapid ; he has a fund of 
anecdote ; his manners are free ; he has a pleasant egotism ; 
writes poetry, and is far from the illiterate man' he has been 
represented to be — but is thoroughly Western in his style. 

Gen. Thompson entertained us until nearly dark, with 
anecdotes of his late journey ; and among other things, told a 
good story of an adventure wiih a little Jew, whom he met on 
the cars between Baltimore and Wilmington. 

Said the Jew: "Abraham Lincoln is the greatest man in 
this country." 

" He's a fool," replied the General. 

" He is an honest man, certainly," rejoined the Jew. 

" He is a rascal," answered Thompson. 

The Jew was startled, threw himself back, stared at his 
fellow-traveller, and inquired whether he belonged to the army. 

" I do," answered the General. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 275 

" To what army ? " 

" To the E,ebel army/' was the cool rejoinder. 

" The Rebel army ! " exclaimed the Israelite ; — " why, you 
are the first Rebel I have ever seen ! " 

Recovering; from his fright, the Jew was soon disposed to 
make himself agreeable. Indeed, he now seemed anxious to be 
useful in some way to his new acquaintance; and having dis- 
covered that he was on his way to Fort Delaware as a prisoner, 
he proposed to send him any supplies he might need, and 
proceeded to take his name in a memorandum book, which he 
drew from his pocket. The General gave his name as 
Thompson. 

" Your full name, sir ? " 

" Jeff Thompson." 

"What ! " exclaimed the startled Jew, "Jeff Thompson, the 
noted go-rilla ! " 

It was more than the Jew could stand, and eyeing the chief- 
tain from head to foot, he sat motionless in astonishment. 

Saturday, 20th. — Seven months have now passed since the 
day of my arrest, and I am still a prisoner — restless, uneasy, 
anxious. Never have I felt so completely worn out. The 
time seems lost. I am accomplishing little or nothing, even 
as a minister of the Gospel. I seem to be benefitting neither 
myself, my family, the church, nor the public. But God 
knows what is best, and I will not complain. I look to Him. 
Oh for grace to submit to His will ! My desolate church, my 
sicattered family, my imprisoned body, my cheerless mind, are 
all in His hands. I pray for the spirit of Newton's angel — 
submitting to the most honorable, or the most debasing sur- 
roundings, for the glory of God. 

The weather is considerably milder than it has been. Our 
poor boys at the barracks have suffered much during this snap. 
Night before last one man perished from cold. He was carried 
to the hospital, but died soon after he entered the building. 



276 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

I learned, to-day, that there are still five hundred sick men on 
the island. Only twenty small-pox cases are reported — all of 
them of long standing. 

Gen. Thompson has taken his meals with us, and has 
spent much of the day in our room, joking, talking, or reading 
from a scrap-book, in which he has preserved a collection of 
personal matters, clipped from the Yankee papers, or written 
by his own pen. I had no idea that he had such a poetic 
turn. Several of his articles are very fine. 

AValked around the island, with himj this morning. In the 
course of conversation he referred to Gen. Gantt, of Arkansas, 
who has recently been figuring extensively, as a " repentant 
Rebel." Thompson says he knows Gantt well, and speaks of 
him as a " hypocrite in the church ; a traitor to his country ; 
a coward on the field ; a liar and a scoundrel," and adds, that 
he " is responsible for the statement/' In part explanation, 
he says that whilst Gantt professes to be a Christian, and a 
member of the Methodist Church, it is common with him to 
drink and swear ; and that his chaplain, from whom for a time 
he managed to conceal his habits, was finally undeceived and 
left him in disgust. 

For several evenings past, our services have been held in 
No. 2, attended chiefly by professors of religion — a majority of 
whom have been inmates of tiie room. Made a few remarks, 
to-night, on the subject of Christian example. 

Sunday, 21st. — I am disgusted with all I see around me. 
"Sin abounds." Among the forty-five or fifty political 
prisoners, confined at Fort Delaware, perhaps not a dozen 
"fear God and work righteousness." A majority of them are 
profane swearers. Maiiy delight in filthy conversations ; sev- 
eral are cavilling sceptics ; and two or three appear to be down- 
right infidels. Things are worse among us than they have 
ever been before. Not one of my own room-mates is a pro- 
fessor of religion. I am generally treated with respect, and 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 277 

there is, upon the whole, much regard for my feelings. But 
shut up as I am with so many ungodly men, I am continually 
seeing, and hearing disagreeable things. If my life is spared, 
this experience will be useful to me, in my future ministry ; but 
my heart sinks in the present observation of so much depravity. 
I will not " fret myself because of evil doers ;" but would 
rather " rest in the Lord, and wait patiently for Him." 

Satan has got the better of us, to-day, in regard to our ser- 
vices. A cold hall, and confusion in the rooms broke up the 
preaching. Indeed, the interest has so flagged of late, that I 
thought best, independently of these interruptions, to suspend 
one of the usual Sabbath discourses. We had a pleasant ser- 
vice at night, in No. 2 ; but whilst thus engaged, Jeff Thomp- 
son had a much larger congregation in No. 6, relating all sorts 
of personal narratives, and entertaining the company with jokes 
and anecdotes, by no means suited to the hours of the Sabbath. 
He is one of the most loquacious men I have ever seen. There 
is no end to his amusing stories. One of these I heard, before 
leaving the room, for worship, and might have been enter- 
tained, had he not interlarded almost every sentence with his 
" emphatic language," and had it not been Sabbath night. At 
the usual hour, I took my Bible, and left the company — all 
understanding my object. One or two followed me. The 
others (quite a crowd) remained, some sitting, some standing, 
and some squatting on the floor upon their hands and knees — 
all absorbed in Jeff's wonderful tales. 

The weather has been warmer, to-day, but the ice continues 
in the moat, and the Yankees have been amusing themselves 
with skates. 

Monday, 22d. — Washington's birthday has passed, with 
nothing to distinguish it from any other day of the year. No 
parade, no firing of cannon — all quiet. 

Had a very unpleasant altercation with one of my room- 
mates — the same Avho has repeatedly uttered unpleasant remarks 



278 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

in my hearing, and endeavored to wound my feelings by infidel 
sneers and sarcastic allusions. He has done this so frequently, 
that I felt it my duty, in self-defence, to bear no longer ; and in 
a calm, firm, and direct manner, I repelled his slurs. This 
man is the only person who has treated me with the slightest 
disrespect during my seven months' imprisonment. I am the 
more amazed at his conduct, inasmuch as I have ever treated 
him with kindness ; and being a much younger man than 
myself, have endeavored to advise him for his good. Until 
recently, I had supposed he was receiving my suggestions 
in the same spirit in which they were given. I now find that 
he hates the truth ; and to-day, he openly avowed that it gave 
him great pleasure to see the advocates of religion opposed 
and defeated. In consequence of a remark, affirming that 
I have forced religious services upon those who were un- 
willing to hear them, I requested Maynadicr to ascertain the 
feeling on that subject, and report to me, before the hour for 
worship. The result of this inquiry was an earnest request 
that I should go on as usual. Referring, myself, to the matter 
in No. 2, where we had a respectable gathering, the unanimous 
wish was expressed, that the usual course should be pursued ; 
and that no attention be paid to such opposition as had been 
made. One man — not a professor of religion, a very sensible 
gentleman, from Sussex county, Delaware — requested me to con- 
tinue the services until my release, and publicly begged me 
to give him my prayers. All this was gratifying, and encour- 
aging ; and I shall persevere in the work before me, in spite of 
all sneers, and opposition. 

Major Hammond is quite ill. Dr. Stone had to be sent for, 
at a late hour, and has not yet arrived — the sally-port being 
closed, and there being considerable difficulty in reaching 
him. All the physicians are now on the outside of the fort — 
a bad arrangement, and greatly to the disadvantage of the 
political prisoners, and others, who might suffer much before 
a surgeon could be reached. Brogden, who has just returned 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 279 

from a hunt for the Doctor, reports the officer of the day so 
drunk that he could not speak. 

I have been turning the pages of Jeff Thompson's scrap- 
book, in which I find a number of his own fugitive pieces. 
Some of them are excellent. The following, addressed to 
Miss Elder, of St. Louis, who asked for his autograph, while 
a prisoner at Gratiot street prison, August, 1863, is character- 
istic, and illustrates the prevailing buoyancy of the man : — 

" Though prison bars, 

My freedom mars, 
And glittering bayonets guard me round, 

My Rebel soul 

Scorns such control, 
And dwells with friends on Southern ground. 

My heart is light, 

And spirits bright. 
And Hope, -with her enchanting wand, 

Gives visions fair; 

And free as air, 
I roam at will in Dixie's Land." 

The following shows an affectionate heart : — 

" Written for Lieut. TFm. Elder, of Calloway County, Missouri, upon his 
hearing of his mother's death. 

" Johnson's Island, October Qth, 1863. 

" I've stood 'mid many battles' blast, 

And brav'd the shock of charging horse — 
'Mid comrades falling tliick and fast, 

With shrieking wounds, and ghastly corse. 

*' Such sights but nerve a soldier's soul — 
For, then, we must our feelings smother ; 
But, now, my tears brook no control — 
I hear that thou art dead — my mother ! 

"I've sat beside my dying friend, 

Aud seen his life-blood ooze away, 
And felt thai I my life could spend 

In earnest prayer that he might stay — 
To cheer me with his friendship dear — 

Who loved him fondly as a brother ; 
But all this gritf was but one tear. 

To those I shed for thee — my mother I 



280 UNITED STATES BONDS; OE 

" A soldier has no time for tears, 

My country needs my constant thought, 
My heart is hard to grief and fears, 
And freedom thus is only bought. 

" A messmate falls — we say good-hye — 
The next in ranks becomes another ; 
There's not the pain — though all should die — 
Like that at loss of thee — my mother ! " 

The following is historical, and I must not omit it : — 

"To tTie First Dwmon Missouri State Guards. Written at Little Rock, July 

25th, 1863. 

"Two years ago, this very day. 
Three thousand men armed for the fray, 

Had met a chief to choose — . 
To lead tiiem to the battle-field. 
And teach them how their arms to wield 

Successful 'gainst their foes. 
They looked around, but could not find 
A man just suited to their mind — 

When along there came a stranger, 
Whose sabre bright, and dashing air, 
And plumed hat so devil-may care. 

Bespoke one used to danger. 
The soldiers gathered round him there. 
And bade the stranger stop and share 

Their danger and their glory. 
They asked if he knew how to lead 
Brave men to battle and to deed 

That grace both song and story. 
He answered ' Yes,' and — to be brief — 
They made him then at once their chief 

To lead them to the field ; 
And on that day and from that hour 
Three thousand men felt well the power 

A single man can wield — 
For what an hour before had been 
A motley crowd, whose discipline 

Brought trouble, work, and woea, 
Were led by the magic of one will — 
An army made whose strength and skill 

O'erpowered all their foes. 
And Southern men. and Southern maid, 
Grandfathers, too, and matrons staid. 

Did sing in joyous strains, 
Of tiiose who did thus nobly stand 
And strike for our fixir Southern land 

Upon Missouri's plains. 
And thus the chief redeemed his word; 
For compliments upon them pour'd, 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 281 

And favor broad and long ; 
And history when its tale is told, 
Will mention those who were so bold 

In story and in soug. 

' Two years have passed, and in that time 
How many brave men in their prime 

Have passed from us away ! 
For many fell 'mid battle's roar. 
When thousands met who'll meet no more 

Until the last great day ; 
And many in the stilly night. 
When dreams of home were silv'ry bright, 

Have heard death's cannon peal ; 
And many on the lonely watch, 
With none their last loud words to catch, 

Have felt the foeman's steel. 
But many, many more have sped 
With sickness, faint from feverish bed, 

Without their lov'd ones nigh ; 
And the insatiable hospital hath said. 
To scores of men now cold and dead :— 

" Come in and die." 
But the chief still lives, and on this day 
Hath sat him down to while away 

An hour with the past. 
With friends who since two years ago 
Have bravely stood to front the foe 

In many a battle's blast ; 
Who followed him where danger stood, 
And shared his lot by field and flood, 

Like soldiers true and brave ; 
And his thankful heart with pleasure thrills 
To know that they are striking still 

Our Southern rights to save. 

And now for all the noble dead 
The chiefLain asks that he may shed 

Upon their graves a tear ; 
And pray that He who rules above 
May bless our lo. t ones with His love, 

And Heaven's blissful cheer ; 
That his heart may grieve for those bereft — 
With the widows and the orphans left, 

With sweethearts sad and lone ; 
With lathers fond and mothers kind. 
Brothers and sisters left behind, 

By comrades dead and gone."i 



Guard ^rf hour after^'ii?prPrt"t9^°^^^^ ""^ ^^^ F"«' Division Missouri Stale 

"M. Jeff Thompson." 



282 UNITED STATE3 BONDS : OR 

Tuesday, 23cZ — Walked around the Island, this morning, 
with Gen. Thompson ; was with him for a short time, this 
afternoon, in his room ; and had him Avith us, also, at 
meals. Being so much in his company, and his tongue going 
all the time, I must soon necessarily learn all his history. He 
tells me that his wife is in St. Louis, with her friends — some 
of whom are Secessionists and others Republicans. He says 
she calls herself a Union woman, and that she is a devout 
Catholic. He has four children, three of them girls and one 
a boy. Two of the girls, one fourteen and the other nine 
years of age, are at the Convent of the Sacred Heart, near 
New Orleans ; the other daughter is with her father's sister in 
St. Louis, with whom, as she is a wealthy lady, and a suitable 
person, he desires her to remain. He showed me a very tender 
and beautiful letter, which he was about to mail to this child, 
whom he calls his baby. The boy is with his mother, and is 
old enough to be of considerable service to her, under present 
circumstances. 

The General positively denies all the stories that have been 
told about his recklessness and cruelty in the Southwest. He 
says he has always protected the property of Union citizens, and 
that he has never allowed his men to attack any but soldiers. 
On the other hand, he affirms that he has hung at least four 
men, professing to be Southerners, who were lounging about 
his camp, for stealing horses. He admits, that whenever he 
could get at a Federal soldier, he has taken him, if he could, 
and, that to clothe his own naked men, he has allowed them 
to shoot Yankee pickets; whenever wounded men have fallen 
into his hands, he has invariably treated them with kindness, 
and returned them, if possible, into their own lines. He 
admits some outrages, committed by stragglers from his com- 
mand, but always when beyond his control, and contrary to 
his wishes. He expresses himself with good feeling towards 
Gen. Butler; and is grateful for his recent effort to secure him 
a parole from Secretary Stanton to go south ; and says, that 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 283 

Butler is not quite so bad a man, in some respects, as he has 
been represented to be. He has a number of correspondents 
at the North ; and for prudential reasons, is swift to make 
acquaintances on the island. Whilst he calls himsrlf a " hide- 
bound rebel," he compliments bravery on the part of his 
enemies, and makes the most reasonable allowances f )r the 
different stand-points, occupied by individuals at the North, 
and at the South. 

Five days have passed, since Judges Bond and King left 
the island, and yet no tidings have reached us, as to the result 
of their examinations. We all wait in painful suspense. 
Perhaps, we ought not to expect action under a week ; but we 
can see no good reason for delay. 

A communication from my wife, received to-day, informs 
me of another delayed or suppressed letter, mailed here last 
week. I notice, that when the slightest allusion is made to 
anything transpiring on the island, there is some interruption 
of this kind. In my last I spoke of the Commission, but in 
no improper manner. Others write full letters about passing 
events, and have no such trouble. Why / should be an 
exception, is unaccountable. 

I have cut the following order, issued by Gen. Wild, now 
in command at Norfolk, from to-day's Inquirer. I am aston- 
ished ! What have not the people of Norfolk and Portsmouth 
suffered ? Thousands driven from their homes, and their 
property confiscated ; and others, who have been too poor to 
get away, persecuted with a most tormenting rule — some of 
them driven even to death, and now tiiose that remain are to 
be interfered with in their religion. Their own pastors to be 
removed, and others not of their own choice to be jslaced over 
them ! Degraded by association with negro soldiers, who were 
once their willing slaves! Were this philanthropy, it might 
be borne; were it from a principle of religion, we could 
excuse it. But it is neither. It is the spirit of jealousy 
and of hate. It is the feigned piety of a brutal Brigadier, 



284 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

who, to amass thousands for himself, would, recklessly, and with 
sword in hand, starve women and children whose husbands 
are offering their lives in defence of honest principle. The 
maddened official, under a pretence of emancipating and bless- 
ing an oppressed race, would wink at the suffering of thou- 
sands of negro mothers and babes, who, abducted or driven 
from their comfortable homes, now, often in their dying agonies; 
curse the ambitious and heartless politicians who have made 
them the dupes of their iniquity. How I feel for my poor 
people in Portsmouth ! Ho.w long, oh Lord, how long shall 
the wicked bear rule ? God of mercy, hear the cries of the dis- 
tressed, and " deliver them out of the mouth of the Lion ! " 

"Loyal Sekvices in Churches. 

"The following order, issued within the past few days, 
teaches the ministers of this locality their duty : — 

" Head-quarters, Norfolk and Portsmouth. — Gen- 
eral Orders, No. 3. — Norfolk, February 11th, 1864. — 
All places of public worship in Norfolk and Portsmouth are 
hereby placed under the control of the Provost Marshals of 
Norfolk and Portsmouth respectively, who shall see the pulpits 
properly filled, by displacing, when necessary, the present in- 
cumbents and substituting men of known loyalty, and the same 
sectarian denomination, either military or civil, subject to the 
approval of the Commanding General. 

"They shall see that the churches are open freely to all offi- 
cers and soldiers, white or colored, at the usual hour of worship, 
and at other times, if desired, and they shall see that no insult 
or indignity be offered to them, either by word, look or gesture, 
on the part of the congregation. 

"The necessary expenses will be levied as far as possible in 
accordance with the previous usages or regulations of each 
congregation respectively. 

" No property shall be removed, either public or private, 
without permission from these Head-quarters. 

" By command of Brig.-General E. A. Wild, 

" George H. Johnston, 
"Captain and Ass't Adjutant-General. 

Official. "Hanford Struble, 

" Lieutenant and Acting Aide-de-Camp." 



DTJRESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 285 

Good attendance at prayers, in No. 2. Read 33d chapter of 
Isaiah, with comments. 

Wednesday, 2Ath. — We have some sick ones, all the time ; 
at present, more than usual are complaining. Dr. Stone is 
kept quite busy. Thorn is still sick at the hospital, but is 
improving. Major Hammond is better. Joice, Richardson, 
Johnson, Sikes and others, are all doctoring themselves. The 
principal trouble, just now, is caused by cold and sore throats. 
Some are threatened with erysipelas. Were it not so serious a 
matter, it would be quite ludicrous, to see the painted cheeks, 
noses, and throats. Iodine is certainly a popular medicine 
among the political prisoners. Every man who has a pain, 
scratch, or soreness runs immediately to Shanks, and has the 
feather applied. It is a wonderful remedy. Upon the whole, 
the political prisoners have suffered a good deal from various 
ailments ; but we have much for which to be thankful, in the 
spared lives of all but one of our number. Want of exercise, 
difficulty in regulating the temperature of the rooms, and unsuit- 
able diet, have been the chief causes of disease. May God speed 
the time when we shall again breathe the pure air, eat at our own 
tables, and, with quiet and grateful hearts, once more enjoy the 
embrace and sympathy of " the loved ones at home." 

Spent an hour or two, this afternoon, with Chaplain Way. 
Capt. Numbers, once a Methodist preacher, came in, and joined 
in the conversation. Each of us having labored on the old 
Chesapeake and Delaware peninsula, we presently found our- 
selves in a very social chat about old times and scenes. Several 
pleasant anecdotes passed between us, about good brethren 
long since dead; and we separated in fine humor, with 
ourselves and each other, and, I hope, benefitted by the inter- 
view. 

I find, that Jeff. Thompson wields quite an easy pen. He 
writes rapidly, and clearly, avoiding mistakes in grammar, and 
orthography. He showed me, to-day, a letter addressed to 



286 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Geo. D. Prentice, of the Louisville Journal, on the state of the 
country, and written at Johnson's Island — a forcible and well 
written paper. The autliorities being unwilling to let it go, 
he availed himself of an opportunity, on his way from John- 
son's Island to this prison, to throw it out of the car window, 
risking the chance of its reaching its destination. 

Services to-night were late, in consequence of " Jeff.'s" enter- 
taining talk in No. 6, wdiich it was thought best not to in- 
terrupt. After he left, we had a comfortable time in No. 2. 

Burke, the comedian, died at the hospital, and was buried 
on Monday last. 

Thursday, 25th. — In walking around, this morning, with 
the Missouri General, called in at Lieut. Wolf's office, and found 
that officer undergoing a regular shampooning process, at the 
hands of a young " Reb." 

" Why, I didn't know you had a barber-shop on the 
Island ! " said Thompson. 

The Lieutenant looked rather confused, and theyosmgman 
in the office smiled. I took the matter as a joke, of course, 
and made no reply. In the course of the day, I learned 
through Lowry, the young Missourian who Is acting as Thomp- 
son's orderly, that the " Rebs " had got hold of the thing, and 
were enjoying it as a good joke. But the best of it was, that 
the General actually mistook Wolf's fancy office for a real barber 
shop. In the afternoon, learning his mistake, he thought it a 
matter of sufficient Importance to call in and offer an apology. 
There was a good laugh, and it ended without offence to any 
one. 

I am frequently astonished at the strange views expressed 
by some of those around me, upon all subjects, but especially 
about morals and religion. It Is curious also, to notice the 
subterfuges and apologies of ungodly men. To-day, I heard a 
young man of respectability and iutelligonce, siy that he had 
never seen a day, in his life, in which he either had not, or 



DURESS BY PEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 287 

could not, have wished that he had never been born. He 
added, that he had frequently told his father so ; and that he did 
not thank his parents — or, (as he might have said,) was angry 
with them — for his existence. On another occasion, I heard 
him wishing that he had died in infancy ; and, again, chiding 
God, that his birth should have had anything to do with Sover- 
eign plans. He justifies himself, in this impatience, by the con- 
duct of Job, who cursed the day he was born and said that he was 
weary of his life. This same man regards all earnestness in reli- 
gion as fanaticism, and even condemns the noble and truly pious 
Stonewall Jackson, as an extremist and a fatalist. Without 
being a drunkard, he, also, prides himself on his love of liquor ; 
and avers that all great men have had a fondness for alcoholic 
drinks. These are noted, simply, as specimen opinions ; and 
are regarded as the more remirkable, as the views of a young 
man of standing and influence. 

It seems to me, that the whole tendency of this miserable 
war is to promote sin, in every conceivable form. Every- 
thing good is opposed ; everything vile is commended. Men 
seem to have no consciences. Things which were, a short 
time ago, condemned even by men of only common decency, 
are now winked at, or indulged in, by.some who once stood 
high in the church ; all confidence between man and man 
is at an end; infidels are rejoicing; God's people — the very 
elect of Jehovah — are faltering ; and the question may, even 
now, be suitably proposed, " Is there faith on earth ? " These 
evils are doubtless the usual consequences of war. But the 
times are peculiar. May we not be in the midst of those very 
movements, which are to usher in the latter-day glory ? Who 
knows, but that Anti-Christ is now living ? " Here is wisdom, 
let him that hath understanding count the number of the 
beast." 

Some wags played a hoax on D this afternoon, at my 

expense, which had well-nigh set him crazy. Whilst I was 
out, they told him that I had received a letter from my wife, 



288 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

stating that she had obtained direct information from Gen. 
Lockwood, that the suggestions of the late Commission in 
relation to the release of certain prisoners, would be disre- 
garded ; and that most of us would probably continue a long 
time in confinement. The poor fellow is of such a mercurial, 
and anxious temperament, that he has scarcely been still, for a 
moment, during his imprisonment. He is constantly com- 
municating with his friends, running after the officers of the 
fort, or in some other way, busying himself in regard to his 
release. Hopes, and fears alternate with him, with more 
rapidity than with any other man among us. Sometimes he 
is smiling with expectation. Again, he runs to his bed, or to 
some corner, his eyes filled with tears. I pity him sincerely, 
and hope he may soon be returned to his young wife, and rein- 
stated in a successful and uninterrupted business. 

Only seven persons at worship, this evening. Keno, 
cards, and infidel opposition are our enemies in these efforts. 
Thanks be to God, we have enough to claim the promissd 
blessing ! 

Friday, 2Qth. — The terrible suspense which has been 
hanging over the heads of some of our fellow-prisoners, for 
weeks past, was in a measure relieved, after the arrival of the 
mail this afternoon. Cunningham came up with a list of 
twelve names, which he called aloud in the hall, with an order 
for the parties to appear, at once, in the General's office. The 
catalogue was irregular, and not in the order of the roll. 
The first man called was Gibson, who fairly jumped and 
danced with delight. The others were Alkire, Mills, Porter, 
Griffith, Green, Shreve, Weightman, Lovett, Miles, Cosner 
and Snyder. All these were persons who had agreed to take 
the oath. The order for their relea-e required that those from 
Maryland, and Pennsylvania should simply take the oath of 
amnesty; and that the others should, in addition, give their 
parole of honor not to go south of the Potomac-. Some 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AI7TH0RITY. 289 

of these persons had heavier charges against them, than 
any in the fort; others had been informed by the Com- 
mission that they were, probably, in f)r the war; one 
expected to bo tried by court-martial; and, in regard to 
two or three more, a very doubtful opinion has been enter- 
taine 1, by the company, as to the probability of their release. 
Why any of those released should have been selected, in 
preference to several whose names were not called, none were 
able to decide. Everybody rejoiced in the good fortune of 
the twelve; and notwithstanding some disappointment, we 
have had one of the happiest days of our imprisonment. 

I fit so confident, in the morning, that we would have a 
sort of jail-delivery before night, that I packed my clothes, 
and bound up my papers and books, much to the amusement 
of my room-mates and others. All the prisoners averred, 
that nothing would bo done for days to come ; yet it was very 
evident, from t'.ieir general manner, and conversaticm, that 
th-y were deeply anxious, and expectant. 

Gibson was the only man that actually left the Island — 
there being no Way of getting off except by a small boat that 
conveyed a number of workmen to Delaware City. Other 
boats would have crossed, but the wind was blowing heavily,, 
and the water was so rough that the 'boatmen refused to- 
venture out. Most of the released men seemed content to- 
wait until to-morrow. 

Some of the men availed themselves of the opportunity 
aff rded by their liberty, to visit the sutler's; and returned in 
good humor, with "all the world and the rest of mankind." I 
was glad to hear one man, who is more addicted to liquor than 
any in the company, say that he would not for a thousand' 
dollars take a drink on the eve of his departure for home. It 
was, also, pleasant to hear the most profane man of all our 
number solemnly affirm, that as soon as he got on the other 
side of the river he intended to take a vow, never to utter a 
profane o.ith, nor to take the name of God in vaia. I believe 
19 



290 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

he was sincere, and endeavored to encourage him In his good 
resolution. 

Of all those who took President Lincoln's oath of amnesty, 
this day, it is questionable whether any three of them had a 
heart in the act. Most of them have openly expressed them- 
selves to the contrary. All regard it ns " forced/' and as a 
dernier ressort to secure their liberty, after a long and hard 
imprisonment. 

We did not forget the twelve in our worship to-night. 

Saturday, 27th. — Looked all day for farther news from the 
"Commission." On the arrival of the mail, was consider- 
ably disappointed. Felt relieved, however, by a letter from 
my wife, stating that Dr. Stewart, of Port Penn, had received 
a letter from Gen. Lockwood, imforming him that my case 
would not be acted upon for a week or ten days. The neces- 
sity of the delay is unintelligible to me; hut it is some satis- 
faction to know, that no action has been taken condemning 
me to longer confinement. 

Spent several hours, to-day, in hunting up rings, fans, breast- 
pins, and other curiosities made by the " Rebs." Spent $20 
in this way for some of our company, who have no opportunity 
to go out. It is astonishing, what beautiful work of this kind 
is gotten up at the barracks ; and it is the more remarkable, 
as the men have but few tools, and M'ork under all sorts of 
disadvantages. The articles are sold, too, at merely nominal 
prices. Sometimes they file and cut for a whole day, to get 
from ten to fifty cents, with which to buy a little tobacco. 

In the multiplicity of subjects discussed between Gen. Thomp- 
son and myself, theology and practical religion have not been ne- 
glected. His idea seems to be, that it is a matter of no sj^ccial con- 
sequence what a man believes, provided he is honest and consis- 
tent in what ha prof sses. Mohammedans, Mormons, Pagans are 
all good enough and worthy of all commendation, so far as they 
adhere closely and conscientiously to their peculiar doctrines 



DUKESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 291 

and ceremonies. He has been to Salt LaKe, and mingled a 
great deal with the Mormons. Some of their peculiarities he 
admires ; others he has no objection to. He regards them as 
veiy devt>ut people, and commends the virtue of the females, 
and the prevailing honesty of the masses. He evidently has 
a very warm side for these visionary people, and yet would 
not like to be called a Mormon. The Roman Catholics stand 
very high in his estimation, and he is ever ready to defend 
them. Indeed, he once went so far during a spell of sickness, 
as ti send for a Catholic priest — not because he thought the 
priest could save him, but because his wife and others desired 
it, and regarded the priest as a better and more intellectual 
man than any other ministers around him. He professes to 
be an Episcopalian ; but positively repudiates the divinity of 
Christ ; and is very emphatic in his denunciation of prayer as 
a duty, any farther than to repeat what is commonly called the 
Lord's Prayer. Farther than this, he says, no man has a right 
to pray; and that the very idea of God's condescending to hear 
and answer every body that cliooses to call upon Him, for this 
or that, is absurd. Thanksgiving, however, he regards as 
incumbent upon all ; and he professes to be grateful to God for 
all the blessings which he enjoys. 

The General's true status, on religious subjects, would be 
expressed, I think, by the word Free-thinker. Notwithstanding 
his confessed irregularities, he believes himself to be a good 
man. He is, undoubtedly, a cheerful, kind-hearted, and com- 
panionable man ; but his notions are exceedingly heterodox, 
and his morality far from the spiritual demands of the Divine 
law. 

Company Q had an accession of thirteen recruits, to-day. 
They are constantly coming and going. 

Sunday, 2Sth. — My parole has again been withdrawn. Why, 
I do not know. It was very unexpectedly demanded by the 
General, through an orderly, who called at my door whilst I 



i 



292 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OB 

was reclining upon the bed tliis afternoon. Anxious to know 
something about the matter, I imraecliatelj dropped a note to 
Gen. Schoepf, stating my regret that he should have deemed 
it necessary to recall the parole, and requesting, as I had no 
knowledge of having violated any rule of the Fort, either 
expressed or implied, that he would inform me on the subject. 
As yet, I have heard nothing in reply. I am the more amazed 
at the restriction, as I had supposed from the General's manner 
for some time past, that he was favorably disposed towards me, 
and that he was inclined to make me as comfortable as my 
prison-life will allow. Some one, I presume, is watching him, 
and he has yielded to a pressure, that condemns my intimacy 
with Gen. Thompson — an intimacy permitted and advised by 
himself. Perhaps the hour spent at Wolf's office yes- 
terday, in purchasing prison jewelry, was not agreeable to 
some of the watchers. But what harm in that? unless they 
are unwilling that the poor "Rebels" should have the little 
money thus earned. Or it may be, they fear some influence 
upon the prisoners, that mny result unhappily for themselves. 
Well, it may be necessary to be careful — for the brave fellows 
gave three cheers as we passed the barracks the other day./ 
Tiiey were on the inside, and we could only see them through 
the windows. 

Chaplain Paddock, who has just returned from a visit to 
Philadelphia, informs me, that he heard a minister of the 
Gospel express very bitter feeling against me, on account of a 
statement received by him, from Rev. Mr. Gaylord, in regard 
to the circumstances of my r.rrest. He further states that the 
minister (!,e di 1 ntit name him) had hoard of ray remark to 
Gen. Schoei)f, Avhcn he first suggested the idea of the oatli,as a 
basis of my release, viz : — that " I would lie in j:;il and rot 
fir.-t." Mr. Paddock, under a wrong impression, d :nicd the 
statement, and assured li'm tliat he had talked "with me on the 
subject, and that he had my word for the c )ntradiction. How 
he could have gotten this impression, I am at a loss to co'.j- 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 293 

cclve ; but, to save controversy, and unpleasant feeling, I 
thought it best to make no correction. I have since regretted 
this course, as Mr. Paddock may now feel assured as to 
li's statement, upon the principle that silence as-sents. How 
difficult in these times, to do just what is right ! Speaking, or 
not speaking, the very best man may be misunderstood. 

The Sabbath passed with only one service. I preached a 
short sermon in No. 2, on human depravity. The congrega- 
tion was smaller than it ought to have been ; but the room v/as 
comfortably full, and tiie attention good. 

After worship, had a long talk with ]\I r, on certain 

denominational questions, such as I have heretofore scrupulously 
avoided, hoping during my prison life, to do nothing calcu- 
lated to cx(ite prejudice, or that would in the slightest degree 
be likely to interfere with a more important purpose, of trying 
to win souls to Christ. In this conversation, however, the most 
pleasant feeling prevailed ; and although we differed very 
widely on some points, the talk, I hope, was not unprofitable. 

M r is one of our best men ; a devout Christian, and his 

examjDle is worth much under present circumstances. He calls 
himself a member of the Episcopal church ; and says he is in 
the habit of communing with that people, but has never been 
confirmed. 

Monday, 2dth. — * * * Spent much of the day on the 
bed, with a headache. Felt better after the arrival of the mail. 
Received a letter by flag of truce, announcing the marriage of 
my eldest daughter, to a worthy and excellent man, who is 
serving his country in the Confederate Navy. She was married 
by the Eev. Dr. Read, on the 8th inst. * * * 

A room full at worship, to-night. Wrote two letters after 
service. Joice, Maynadier, Pierson, and others in our room 
until a late hour. Candles burnt until the last, and no inter- 
ruption. 



294 UNITED STATES .BO^S'DS ; OR 

X. 

March. 

Twsday, 1st. — The ground has a thick coating of snow. 
Thus, spring having *' come in like a lioji/' may be expect-d 
to "go out like a lamb." But the weather is mild, and the 
little stove in our room keeps us very comfortable. "With the 
return of spring, the health of the Island is greatly improved. 
The sraall-pox has entirely disappeared. Tiie hospitals, it is 
true, are well filled ; but the number of deaths reported daily, 
is small. Indeed, several days frequently elapse withe* it a 
burial. The " boys," at the barracks, look liko r,ow men. They 
have suffered much, during the winter, witii cold and sickness; 
but that ordeal is now passed. Hundreds of their comrades less 
capable of endurance, have gone into the eternal world. Yet 
there are many whose lives have been *' redeemed from de- 
struction." Thanks be to God ! 

Soon after the mail came in, this afternoon, an orderly ap- 
peared at my door, summoning me to the office of the General. 
Before I was ready to Lave the room, Gen. Schoepf himself 
appeared, and called me out. Fol lowing him to the head of the 
stairs, he halted, evidently desiring to speak with me in pri- 
vate. His object was to inform me of au order which he had 
just received from Washington, authorizing my release, on con- 
dition of taking the oath. I was surprised, and hurt, that the 
sug-g-estion should again be made. For a moment I was silent, 
scarcely knowing what to say. Recovering, somewhat, from 
my astonishment, but deeply moved, I inquired : 

"Why does .the Government wish to force me to do a thing 
so contrary to my conscience? I am acting in view of my ac- 
countability to God. I wish to have a right position on this 
subject, before my Maker at the judgment. I have made it 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 295 

a matter of prayer, and have pondered it anxiously and with 
care." 

" You had better take the < ath," replied the General ; 
" there is no otiicr way for you to get off. For the sake of 
your family you ought to do it." 

" Why can't I be tent South?" I asked ; " surely there can 
be no goi d reason why this is not done. I have been a 
prisoner for more than seven months, and have no news to 
carry with me, that could injure the Federal cause. I am no 
politician. My object is to resume my legitimate work, as a 
minister of the Gospel. If I can't be sent South, then send 
me to Canada — anywhere, that I may be released from this 
prison. Or, let me be paroled to remain Nortli, until ex- 
changed. I am willing to pledge myself, as a gentleman, and 
as a Christian, to do nothing contrary to the terms of the 
parole. I have no disposition whatever to meddle with poli- 
tics. I Avant to be free — and with my family, to jjreach the 
Gospel." 

The General expressed himself kindly ; said it was not his 
fault ; asked me if I wished to take my family with me, in 
going South ; and mentioned Portsmouth, desiring, as I 
thought, to know whether I wished to go there. 

I told him, that I was satisfied he desired to befriend me; 
that I would like my family to accompany me ; but that I 
had no wish to go to Portsmouth, as most of my people were 
further South, and that the terrible rule at that ulace could 
not possibly better my condition. 

He rejoined, with evident sympathy, remarking that he 
would do what he could. The General then turned to leave ; 
and, instantly starting, as though a sudden thought had 
occurred to him : 

"Why," said he, "did you write that song about the 
flag?" 

I was amazed, and, for a moment, stood perfectly silent. 
How did he know that I had written the lines ? Refusing to 



296 UNITED 'states bonds ; OR 

take the oath, what now must be my fate? I was relieved by 
the remark, that his attention liad been sptcially called to the 
matter; and that there were, then, three or four men at the 
fort, who had come over from Delaware City to remonstrate 
against my release. 

It w;xs evident that some spy had betrayed me ; and I 
could now readily account for the removal of juy parole. 
Indeed it Avas apparent, that the jirincijial object of the inter- 
view was to satisfy me, that he had been obliged to with- 
draw it. 

" You ought not to have circulated those lines," said the 
General — cautioning me, at the same time, in regard to any 
public expression of my political views. I had no time to 
explain, further than to assure him that they were circulated 
wholly without my own consent. 

This conversation with Gen. Shoepf gave me an unpleasant 
afternoon. I felt for a time that my fate was now sealed, and 
that I must remain for months longer at Fort Delaware. The 
subject of the oath came up anew, for revision. I asked 
myself, how far I ought to ^ o in resisting so great an outrage 
upon my feelin;^s and my manhood. Must I suffer stiil 
longer? Must I pernnt my dear family to enduro still 
greater trials? Must I hold out even unto death f If to 
take the oath of allegiance to the United States were sin, 
per sc, then I could have no difficulty; for I would die fir.st. 
But, might it not be my duty, for the sake of my family, to 
sacrifice my attachment to the South ? Could I not right- 
eously relinquish my Confederate loyalty, by an exchange of 
governments? To swear allegiance in one direction, and 
hold it in another, of course I never could ! No 1 I will 
endure to the last extremity. I cannot say that I will sacri- 
fice my life — because no priuci])le of religion requires that I 
should live North or South, or that I should be a subject 
of any designateel Government I may serve God, even under 
the despotism of Abraham Lincoln, even as Paul did under 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 297 

the bloody tyranny of Nero. Then, as a quiet subject, I 
may live, and be useful; thaui2,h my privileges as a citizen 
may be greatly infringed, and my soul annoyed, by the 
iniquities of an unconstitutional and oppressive administra- 
tion. 

What is duty, under all the circumstances? Evidently, to 
be firm ; to endure to the last extremity, and then, " swearing 
to my own hurt, to change not" — but to submit, with an 
honest manifesto of my principles; and for the domestic com- 
fort of my wife and children, yield to my public misfortune. 
The reasonings of a troubled mind ! To whom shall I go, but 
unto Thee, O God ! 

During the seven montlis of my imprisonment, I have 
suffered much, both in mind and body ; but I can suffer more. 
It becomes me still longer to protest, by an example of un- 
wavering and determined opposition, to the dreadful wickedness 
of taking God's name in vain. I must show the world, that 
I have no symjDathy with the despotism that forces a man to 
swear against his conscience; and must be equally firm, in 
resisting the depravity, that would swear to do a thing which 
there is no purpose to do, but just the reverse. Nor am I 
ready yet, to put myself in an attitude, in which I shall be 
under a solemn obligation to take up arms against my oun 
sons, and other dear relatives and friends, who are con- 
tending in a cause, involving all they hold dear on earth. I 
cannot call God to witness, th?,t I will afford no aid, nor com- 
fort, to those who are either a part of my very self, or who 
are near to me by the ties of blood or of friendship, when 
they are engaged in a cause which, in my heart, I believe to 
be ri^jht. 

Good attendance at service, to-night. Read the 143d 
Psalm, and the occasion was unusually solemn. 

Wednesday, 2d. — Gen. Thompson is so much with us, and 
has so much to say, that his name must necessarily have 



298 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

frequent mention on these pages. His singular views are 
constantly exciting my astonishment. He expressed himself, 
to-day, in regard to his estimate of human life in a manner 
that surprised me. "I had rather kill a man any time," said 
he, " than see him suifer. Let God do him justice. If he is 
not deserving of death, the Almighty, who is Avi-er than we, 
will reward him. If he is a bad man and deserved to die, 
the proper punishment will be meted out to him, if there be a 
hell." 

This morning the General got hold of a copy of Mcll- 
vaine's Evidences of Christianity, which was lying ujion my 
book-slielf. As breakfast was not quite ready, he spent fully 
half an hour reading very intently. At the call for breakfast 
he closed the book, and replacing it upon the shelf, exclaimed, 
" I wish I were a Christian." 

'' I am glad to hear you say so," said I. 

" But I shall never be," was his answer. 

"You cannot make yourself one," I rejoined; "bgat God 
can, and will, if you appeal to Him." 

" If I should ever become such," said he, " it will be from 
reading a book like this, and not by any public discussion or 
appeal. I must sit down in my own room and calmly think 
about it." 

Jeff, has had a conversation with Gen. Schoepf, about my posi- 
tion in regard to the oath. " He is conscientious about it," said 
the blunt soldier. " lie is acting from principle, and his case is 
very different from that of the 'boys,' who are willing to do 
anything to get away. Besides," he continued, '*Dr. Handy's 
case is peculiar. I am here comfortably enough, my salary is 
going on, and I shall certainly be exchanged in due time. He 
has no suc'.i provision in his behalf, and is subject to constant 
alternations of hope and disc -uragement. You had better 
write to the Government at once, and request them to send him 
south." The General says, that Schoepf expres-ed great sym- 
pathy, as he usually does, and thought the suggestion was a 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 299 

wise one. I sincerely hope he may act upon it, and that the 
Governnieut may hear him, especially if I can take my family 
■ with me. 

The conversations, to-day, have pretty well decided about 
the manner in which my Lines on the Old Flag fell into Gen. 
S..'hoej)f 's hands. Snyder asked me for a copy the day before 
he left, which I granted with reluctance, as the man has always 
been considered unsafe. I did so, however, fearing that a 
refusal might offend him, and make the matter worse. He 

immediately repaired to his room, and got G to copy them ; 

or perhajiS G prompted him to ask me for the original, to 

make (he copy for himself. Now the exposure lies between these 
two men. If S:;yd(T was a s[)y upon our company, as was 
generally believed, it might have been he. Or G him- 
self may have been the guilty person. As heretofore noted, 
he is the only man in the fort who has ever offered me an 
indignity ; and in the dispute which recently took place between 
us, he seemed vindictive. Some of our room-mates also heard 
him remark, that if I did not take care, he could make me 
suffer, as he had it in his power to expose me to the authorities. 
It is certain that one of these men has betrayed me; they are 
men of the same stamp — par nobile fratrum — ami they may 
have agreed together touching this thing. So far as I am 
now concerned, it is a matter of liLtle importance. I am only 
sorry, that we should have such men in nominal connection 
with the Southern cause. 

Had an animated discussion, to-night, with D on cer- 
tain theological topics, suggested by Victor Hugo, in Les Miser- 
ables. Found my antagonist disposed to accept what I regard 
as the author's learned nonsense about the infinite essence of 
God, and man as an atom of that essence. The views pre- 
sented on this subject, as connected with the duty of prayer, 
seem to me to be utterly foolish. But how strange it is, that 
men are willing to believe anything rather than the plain, 
simple, and delightful truths of God's Word. 



300 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

Full one-half of our number are, noAv, habitually absenting 
theraselvts from prayers. The leaven of infidelity is stronger, 
at this time, than it has ever been before; but a faithful few 
adhere to the old routine, an;l seem to be refreshed by the 
services. 

The ground is still covered with snow. Tmo new cases of 
small-pox are reported lo-day. ]Major Hammond is still suf- 
fering from erysipelas; and others are complaining of cold, 
and sore throats 

Thursday, 2>d. — The reign of terror seems to have no 
abatement at Norfolk, and Portsmouth. The horrible cruel- 
ties inflict'd by Butler and his agents, upon respectable citi- 
zens, and even upon Christian ministers, exceed everything 
heretofore known among civilized pe iple. Thty have no 
regard for age, sex, or condition. Education, refinement, 
religion afford no protection whatever. On the other hand^ 
the more respectable tlie person, the higher his position in 
society, and the more earnest his piety, so much the more 
intent do they seem to bo in their fiendish purposes, and so 
mucli the more delight do they take in bringing such to 
degradation and suffering. The last item of this sort appears 
in the papers thi's week. The Rev. J. H. D. Wingfield, of 
Portsmouth, has been ordered, by Brig.-Gen, Wild, to be 
arrested, and turned over to Col. Sawtelle, to work fur three 
months, cleaning the streets of Norfolk, and Portsmouth, — this, 
" for being an avowed Secessionist, and taking every opportu- 
nity to disseminate his traitorous dogmas, to the annoyance 
of his loyal neighbors." What an outrage ! An humble 
minister of Jesus Christ; a refined and intelligent gentleman ; 
a man distinguished for reticence, and conservative in tlie best 
sen-e, is to be dressed in a sort of harlequin's suit, and as the 
companion of low and vulgar scavengers, is to be driven from 
his pulpit to scrape the streets — and all for u'Aa^ .^ Because 
he dares, like a man, to think for himself; because he has too 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 301 

much honor, and Christian principle, to pretend to be what 
ho is not ; because as an ambassador of Jesus Christ, he pre- 
sumed to give an example of firmness, before the eyes of a 
terror-strick' n, and down-trodden community. 

The case of Mr. Wingfield is not an isolated one. The 
Rev. G. M. Bain, for many years a faithful minister of the 
Gospel, and Mr. W. H. H. Hodges, a well-known and excel- 
lent citizen, have also been sentenced — the former to im- 
prisonment and hard labor ; and the other, with a four-pound 
ball attached to his leg, and to be fed upon bread and water — ■ 
because of their unwillingness to divulge certain l>ank secrets, 
a knowledge of which would advance the interests of " Beast " 
Butler, and his minions. Both of these gentlemen have 
always had the respect, and confidence of the community in 
which they live. The indignity offered them, in this des- 
potic sentence, cannot bo ■ expressed in word^. But, is it an 
indignity? To clem streets, and wear a ball and chain, under 
such circumstances, is their highest honor. Who will tliink 
the less of them? They are martyrs in a righteous cau-e; 
their brethren of the South will but revere them more j 
their children will praise them, when they are dead, and 
impartial history will give them a page gilded with glory. 

Jeif. Thompson is amusing himself upon an autobiography. 
To-day he interested me, with some of his sketches, as he has 
panned them for the press. The book will b^ worth reading, 
and I shall be glad to see it early in print. 

Five hundred Confederate prisoners, from Camp Chase, 
were brought to the fort last night, and assigned to quarters 
at liic barracks. 

A letter from my wife shows great distress of mind, on 
account c.f the delay about my release. I feel much for her. 
The prospect seems dark,, indeed — adverse influences are 
at work. My imprisonment may continue for months longer. 
I pray God to give me strength for any event before me. My 
d ar fa:nilv I commend to Him. 



302 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Friday, 4th. — Early this morning, Major Hammond was 
informed of the death of a brother-in-law at the barracks. 
The circumstances of his sickne-s and death were not stated. 
He was captured at the battle of Gettysburg, and has been a 
prisoner at this place ever since ; but the Mujor had never 
been allowed to visit him, and the two men knew as little of 
each other, as if they had beeu a hundred miles apart. 

Grady was called down to Capt. Ahl's office, to assist in 
making out a duplicate roll of the prisoners from Camp Chase; 
and came back at ten o'clock, quite sick. He is still much in- 
disposed. To-day he received a letter from Baltimore, indi- 
cating a disposition on the part of " the . Commission '' to 
recommend him for release, upon condition of his remaining 
in Maryland, during the war, and giving no aid nor comfort 
to the enemies of the United States. In consequence of his 
poor health, he will be likely to accept the terms. He has 
suffered much lately, on account of the death of a younger 
brother, belonging to the 12th Ya. Cavalry, of which he had 
been kept in ignorance for several months, by his mother and 
friends, who feared the effect of the intelligence upon the 
health of the prisoner. 

We have had another arrival of five hundred prisoners 
from Camp Chase. They are mostly connected with Long- 
street's army. Jeff. Thompson, who saw them this morning, 
says they look very badly. I hope the poor fellows will soon 
recruit, and be exchanged. 

The gambling appears, now, to be almost wholly confined 
to one room — No. 1. There are six occupants, several of whom 
spend hours, and sometimes the whole day, in this vicious 
amusement. Others visit the room, and join in play. The 
practice is so unpleasant to me, that I seldom go into that 
room — wishing to discourage in every way so great an evil. 

Lieut. McConnel informed me, this morning, that there is no 
order about putting out our lights. This has created some sur- 
prise, as we have, at times, been greatly annoyed by sentinels 



DtTEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 303 

giving abrupt orders, and extinguishing the candles in the 
midst of important writing. 

Our room is be oming quite a place of evening resort. 
Rasin, Maynadier, De La Mar, Long, Drummoud, and others, 
Avho are great talkers, always have some subject for debate on 
hand, and sometimes the discussions become exceedingly ani- 
mated. All the affairs of the country are talked over. Ap- 
pointments, resignations, qualifications, feats, campaigns, suc- 
cesses, and defeats, are examined and settled. To-night we had 
a fierce discussion in re^^ard to President Davis's reported ap- 
pointment of Gen. Bragg as Commander-in-Chief of the Con- 
federate forces. A majority condemned the act, censuring the 
President's persistency. Major Rasin, who took tlie side of 
Mr. Davis, became quite wrathy, and gave some of our 
younger men several severe ra about disparaging the officers 
of the Soutli. 

Capt. Daniels has received a letter from a friend in Phila- 
delphia, who writes to him about money matters, informing 
him that some one has been borrowing h's (the Captain's) name, 
and addres-ing him from the Fort, with an evident under- 
standing: of his affairs. As ia the letters to Rev. Mr. McCown, 
in which niy name was used without authority, the object has 
been to extort money. Who is the guilty man ? Is he some 
official about the Fort; or a prisoner, and one of our own 
number ? 

Poor attendance at worship. Eleven o'clock ; my fire out ; 
a bad olor risrs from the moat; Brogdeu and Richardson 
visitir.g ; Tibbetts in bed. 

Saturday/, hih. — We are again beginning to be troubled 
with the bed-bug=!. Whenever it gets a little warmer than 
usual, they are almost as numerous and active as in summer- 
time. La-t night they came out upon us wil.h a furious 
attack. Bringing a light, the board immediately over my 
head was f und to be literally covered with the filthy vermin. 



304 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

They fell down iij^on us so thickly, that Tibbetts movorl his 
bed to the floor. I tried to stand them, but had a hard time 
of it. 

Basil W. Duke, a Colonel in Morgan's cavalry, was brought 
to the Island this morning. Ho his been a prisoner at tlie 
Ohio Penitentiary, and was one of those who were compelled 
to undergo the shaving operation by order of Gen. Burnside. 
He is a young man of about thirty years, very gentlemanly in 
his manners, and fluent in conversation. His ancestors were 
from Maryland, but he was born in Kentucky, and has been 
a la\vyer in St. Louis. This distinguished officer is of light 
frame, about five feet ten inches in height, of dark complexion, 
and wears a brown goatee and light moustache. He has a 
small, keen, chestnut eye, })leasing fic^, and good teeth. His 
foreliead, which is low, is overhung with heavy eye-brows. 
He lias been three times wounded in the service of his country. 

C(d. Duke gave us a very interesting account of Morgan's 
escape from the Ohio Penitentiary. Pie verifies all that has 
been said concerning the shavina: of Mors-an and his officers — 
except that their heads were barbered with scissors instead of 
with the razor, the hair being cut very close to the scalp. The 
entire corps of seventy officers were compelled to' lose their 
whiskers and moustaches ; some of them after the operation, 
looking as th^iugh they had just recovered from severe sickness. 
The fchaving and clipping did not annoy them half so much as 
the scrubbing to Avh'ch they were oblige d to submit, at t'le hands 
of the nt'gro operators, D dee says he tried to beg off, as he had 
recently given himself a good bath. Ho was inf )rme!l, that it 
was a necessary sanitary arrangement, and was obliged to yield. 
I was glad to hear hira say, that he disapproves of retaliatory 
measures, except to inflict a similar punishment on those who 
have been immediately concerned in t':e work. He siys, that 
the influence of the cruelties inflicted by the Yankees has 
resulted, not so much in a purpose to retaliate upon the pris- 
oners in charrre, as to arouse a firm resolve to t:d<:e as few 
prisoners as possible. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 305 

Duke has been granted a parole of the Island on the same 
terms with Gen. Thompson, and has been assigned to quarters 
in the same room with him in the Fort-yard — and JeiF.'s 
orderly has been remanded to the barracks. 

Was much interested with a narrative of adventure, related 
to-night by Welsh, who was a sergeant under Ashby in the 
7th Virginia Cavalry. Whilst at home in Hampshire county, 
Va., with a detail of seven men, endeavoring to procure a lot 
of horses, he captured five Yankees, including a lieutenant 
and surgeon, and started with them for ]\Ioorfield, a distance 
of many miles, travelling through the woods for four or five 
days and nights until within sixteen miles of the place, when, 
finding himself in special danger, and the prisoners fatigued, 
he paroled them, not to take up arms until exchanged. The 
men were all Pennsylvanians, cheerfully accepted the parole, 
and are known to have faithfully kept it. They had with 
them large rolls of money and fine watches, which they were 
allowed to keep, but their papers were destroyed. Two horses,, 
five revolvers, five sabres, and three Sharp's rifles were secured,, 
which, with the parole of three men and two commissioned, 
officers, made it a good thing as a private exploit. 

My wife writes an encouraging letter, expressing the hope 
that I will be released in about ten days. Gen. Lockwood 
has requested Dr. Stewart, of Port Penn, to give a statement 
of the facts in regard to my arrest and imprisonment, which 
he has been active in collecting, and has already forwarded. I 
am encouraged to know, at least, that the c:;se is not decided. 

Worship as usual. A cloudy and rainy day. Boisterous 
conversation in the rooms at this hour, half-past nine o'clock. 
Hard work to pen these notes. 

Sabbath, Qth. — Got up late. Suffering with a severe rheum- 
atism in the neck and shoulders. Called in " Doctor Shanks," 
and had a good coating of iodine applied. Spent much time 
in my bunk, reading religious papers. No opportunity for 
20 



306 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

service until night. A number of persons coming into our 
room before dinner, noisy conversation ensued, which I greatly 
regretted, as a criminal violation of tlie Sabbath. 

Gen. Schoepf and Capt. Ahl visited our quarters, before 
breakfast, in search of De La Mar, to inform him of an order 
for his temporary release on parole, to visit his wife, who is 
reported to be ill in Wilmington. He was to leave at three 
o'clock in the afternoon, but in consequence of some misunder- 
standing about the source of the order, he will not be allowed 
to leave until a telegram can be received from Gen. Lockwood, 
to-morrow. He has heard, however, that liis wife is better. 

The yellow framed building immediately in front of our 
quarters, occupied by Company Q, took fire this afternoon, 
and for about fifteen minutes created an intense excitement. 
Smoke and flames could be distinctly seen through an upper 
window of the building, and it was thought it must certainly 
be burned to the ground. Great confusion prevailed. In a 
very short time, the three hundred convicts had everything out 
of the house, and the yard was covered with bedding, and all 
sorts of trumpery. A ladder was thrown up on the gable- 
end, and a number of men ascended to the roof; buckets were 
plunged into the cisterns, and the fun (as many considered it) 
was scon stopped. Had there been much Avind, it is probable 
that we would have had a general conflagration. As it is, the 
house is saved with little damage, and all are again in their 
old quarters. 

Two men were caught, day before yesterday, who had 
planned an escape from the hospital. They had managed, by 
means of materials jiroeured from the church, (which is now 
going up on the Island,) and articles sent them by friends on 
the other side of tl.e river, to construct a rude boat, which they 
concealed during the weeks of its building, beneath the floor 
of the hospital. A few days ago the last screw was put in the 
little craft (for no sound of hammer and nails was heard in 
the building), and every chink caulked with white lead, pro- 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY 307 

cured through the "underground railroad." On the same 
night the boat was launched, and ihe owners actually made a 
trial trip of fifty yards, and then fooli&hly returned to the 
Island, for a little property which they had left behind, intend- 
ing to make their escape on the following night. The boat 
was restored to its hiding-place ; but before the next night, some 
spy who had witnessed its return, reported the matter to the 
authorities, and its owners, with their handiwork, were brought 
before Gen. Schoepf for examination. The General was much 
pleased with the skill displayed in the manufacture of the boat, 
and had it placed, as a curiosity, in his office. After an amus- 
ing dialogue between the " Rebs " and the Commandant, the 
formei* were ordered back to the barracks, instead of to the 
hospital, where they had been playing " convalescent." 

Lectured to-night in No. 2, on " growth in grace." Con- 
gregation small. 

Monday, 7th. — The fire of last night was the work of an 
incendiary belonging to Company Q. It was put out by the 
efforts of a single man — the others manifesting little anxiety 
about the result. The authorities were considerably alarmed, 
supposing it might be a signal for insurrection on the part of 
the convicts. Four hundred "Rebs" were ordered up from 
the barracks to assist in putting out the flames, but the fire 
was extinguished before they reached the scene of excitement. 

I am surprised at the error, scepticism, and infidelity, which 
are still being developed around me. Every day I find myself 
assailed, if not from some new quarter, yet with some new 
objection — or rather with some old argument of Paine, Hume, 
or Gibbon rehashed, and urged with as much confidence as if 
it had not been answered a thousand times. 

Young R is one of the most urgent opposers of Truth 

in these quarters. He professes to object, not for the sake of ca- 
villing, but as an inquirer after truth. But he rejects everything 
beyond the existence of some unknown governing power. He 



308 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

is incredulous on the subject of a future state; is entirely un- 
satisfied as to the authenticity of the Scriptures ; regards the 
idea of prophetic teachings as absurd ; blames God for his 
existence ; and contends fiercely against the obligations of duty 
as laid down in the Sacred Volume. He admits that he is not 
happy, and never has been. The Christian religion appears 
to him so absurd and ridiculous, that he has little patience in 
talking about it, and in conversation (though trying to be 
gentlemanly) often shows temper. He is a young man of only 
twenty-six years of age, of good natural mind, fluent and 
expressive in his language, and of considerable reading ; but 
rather confident of his own opinions, and extreme in his pre- 
judices. Should he ever be brought to the knowledge of the 
truth, he will no doubt be a stable Christian, and a valuable 
man in the Church. His mind has evidently been arrested, 
and to-day, from curiosity or from some other cause, he has 
been diligently reading Baxter's '^ Napoleon, the Anti-Christ 
of Scripture." Whatever i^ay be the eccentricities of the book, 
he will find enough in it to make him a better man, if it is 
pondered with candor and docility of mind. I feel deeply 
interested in this young sceptic, and pray God to help him in 
the search for true wisdom. 

I have heard two men say to-day, that they have no fear 
of death. Neither of them were Christians. One of them — 
and he was no other than Gen. Thompson — allirmed that he 
and his old horse had, as he supposed, just about the same 
feeling on the subject. He admitted, Iiowever, that he had 
done many things worthy of punishment, and that he ex- 
pected to be punished. His evident impression, though 
not expressed in the conversation, is that the chastisement for 

sin will be chiefly in this world. J n, the other person 

alluded to, whilst admitting many shortcomings, and some very 
improper overt acts, is confident of God's mercy, because of 
his general good intentions. Of some of his benevolent acts 
lie o-ave me an account, and I believe him to be a kind-hearted 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 309 

and charitable man ; but what delusion, to rest one's hopes of 
eternal life' upon such shadows as these ! I think both of 
these men were greatly surprised when I assured them, that 
whilst I have generally had credit for firmness, and bravery 
among those who know me best, I have never seen the day 
that I did not tremble at the idea of meeting a just and holy 
God. 

Major Rasin has received a letter from his son, in which 
he says that Gen. Lockwood had refused to allow him to visit 
Fort Delaware to see his father, whom he supposed to be ill. 
The General told him that he had no authority to grant the 
permit. He also informed young E-asin he would himself 
visit Fort Delaware in a few days, and would see his father. 
What is the object of thi^ visit? Will there be another ex- 
amination of prisoners ? 

Found it necessary to make an application of iodine to my 
nose, to check some appearance of erysipelas. Shanks, who 
seems to have peculiar pleasure in painting the faces of his 
fellow-prisoners, was delighted with the idea of getting the 
job. He has suffered a good deal himself of late, and was 
obliged to yield to the popular remedy. Hence, like the fox 
who lost his tail, he would persuade others to adopt the 
fashion. Johnson, who has been my barber for months past, 
commiserating my condition, and- with more benevolent 
motives perhaps (or at least with less mischievous intent), 
was equally anxious to officiate in jjainting my nose; and 
quite an altercation took place, on the question of priority of 
right — Shanks as our prison doctor, and Johnson as my per- 
sonal tonsor. The latter being the less waggish of the two, 
I submitted to him, but not without a glass in my hand, as I 
preferred to direct the operation. He, also, gave my neck and 
shoulders a good coating of the specific, and I went to bed, 
really feeling that I would be much better, in the morning, 
both of erysipelas and rheumatism. 

Services in No. 2. Only eight persons in attendance. 



310 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Tuesday, Sth. — Felt unusually well to-day, both in body 
and mind. Feeling so much better than usual, concluded to 
devote the morning to the wash-tub; and I am really so well 
pleased, both with the progress ana result of my labor, that I 
must make a full record of the matter. I have succeeded in 
getting out as nice and clean a set of garment-!, as usually come 
from under the hands of any of our prison adepts. The 
articles thus washed, and dried, and ready for use, are two 
night-shirts, one undershirt, two pairs of stockings, two 
pocket handkerchiefs, six cravats, and one towel. Beat that, 
my five sons and four daughters, if you can ! 

De La Mar has been, again, disappointed in getting off on 
parole, to vi^it his sick wife. There has been a great deal of 
official " backing and filling " about this matter, which it is 
difficult to understand. I hope the anxious husband will not 
be made miserable by a final disappointment. 

Had an animated debate, this morning, in No. 2, on the 
question whether the heathen are to be finally saved. Con- 
tended earnestly for the orthodox view ; and was obliged to an- 
nounce the teachings of inspiration, with more than usual 
emphasis, against some who ridicule the doctrines of tlie Bible 
on this subject, and sit with pride as judges of the conduct of 
the Almighty. On Scripture grounds they were obliged to 
yield the point; but the injustice of God was vehemently 
urged, if the heathen are lost. 

Several unpleasant altercations have lately taken place in 
some of the rooms. In one instance, blows were inflicted by a 
rough and ignorant fallow, upon one of the most sensitive 
men, who, in this instance, was surely not to blame. AVhiskey 
has much to do wdth these troubles. 

Some of our sceptics, are diligently reading certain good 
books, which I have loaned them, but I fear only to seek oc- 
casion for cavil. Attention, however, has certainly been 
arrested, and good may result. 

Thompson and Duke have gone to housekeeping fjr them- 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 311 

selves. They occupy Col. Waring's old room, in the fort-yartl, 
and are allowed to draw their rations without going to the 
coiumon table. Bay ley Peyton Key, a lad of sixteen years, 
belonging to a Tennessee regiment, is acting as orderly for the 
two officers. This boy is the only person, save one, of his 
entire company who has not taken the oath of allegiance to 
the Yankee Government. Among those who have thus 
proved recreant to the cause, are his two brothers. In reply 
to a letter from his mother, urging him to follow the example 
of his brothers, the lad wrote that he would *' die first." He 
is an intelligent youth, and a hero of many battles. 

Wednesday, dth. — Last night, a new order of things was 
instituted among the sentinels. All night long they were 
calling the hour, and announcing, ''Post No. 1, or 2," &c., 
and crying "all's well!" Either because it was a new thing, 
or because th(y wished to bring it into disrepute, they did 
not confine themselves to the regular intervalsof half an hour; 
but, to those of us who were sighing for slerp, the call seemed 
to be repeated about every ten minutes; and what made the 
matter w^orse, was the barbarous screaming of several of the 
Dutchmen, Avho, at the top of their voices, preferred to cry, 
"All's better as good ! " or something like the gibberish " All's 
slant," — meaning, I suppose, that the post was vigilant. Here- 
tofore, this system has been wholly repudiated at Fort Dela- 
ware. 

Other changes have been recently adopted, such as calling 
the roll of Company Q, three times a day, instead of twice, as 
formerly; and then causing each man, as his name is called, to 
move out of the line, and make his way to the kitchen for his 
bread and soup. The political prisoners are now allowed to 
bring their coffee and soup up-staiis, and to use it in their 
rooms, if they prefer to do so. Heretofore, this has been 
against the rule, and many a poor fellow has missed a meal, 
rather than stand up at the rough and uninviting table, on the 
lower floor. 



312 UNITED Sl'ATES BONDS; OR 

Soon after breakfast this morning, Jones and Taylor were 
ordered to pack up, and make their way immediately to t!ie 
General's office. It was soon ascertained, that an order had 
been received for their release or removal. Jones, Avho is a 
very firm and decided soldier, refused to take the oath, and 
was sent to the barracks, where, I suppose, he will remain 
until exchanged. Taylor took the oath of amnesty, and re- 
turned to his quarters, to wait the departure of the Osceola, at 
three o'clock. It is said, that had he understood the alterna- 
tive, he would have followed J^nes, and gone to the barracks. 
He left for his home in Loudon Co., Va., at the appointed 
hour, after an imprisonment of many months. The poor man 
went away almost penniless. 

Another trouble occurred this morning in No. 6. One of 
the contending parties was a most estimable and quiet man, 
who regretted the occurrence exceedingly, fearing that as a 
Christian he had gone too far. The other party has made 
himself very obnoxious to all his room-mates, on account of 
his pedantic and disputatious spirit. This is the second time 
that he has narrowly escaped a severe drubbing. 

Grady is quite sick, and Brogden has gone to sit up with 
him. On account of his illness, we could only have a prayer 
at worship to-night, as our services are held in his room. 

Thursday, 10th. — About two hundred soldiers of the 5th 
Md. Regiment came to the island at about 12 o'clock last 
night, and marched to their quarters, to the music of a band. 
This morning, a company of newly-enlisted men, belonging to 
Schley's regiment of Maryland ers, left for parts unknown. 
Before dinner, a large transjDort anchored in the river, between 
Delaware City and the fort, and delivered sixty " Rebs " on 
board the Osceola. They were soon landed, and marched to 
the barracks. 

I have this day had access to a letter addressed to my son, 
by my estimable friend. Prof. N. B. Webster, late of the Vir- 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 313 

ginia Collegiate Iiiotitiite, at Portsmouth. He is now living 
in Ottawa City, Canada — a refugee from the terrors and per- 
secutions of his old home. I thank my friend for his words 
of sympathy. Tears came to my eyes as I read his kind and 
encouraging pages; and I felt the more determined, if possible, 
to stand fast. This is the first word of sympathy that has come 
to me in the handwriting of any of my male friends, during 
this long and tiresome imprisonment. The good man invites 
me to join him in Canada, and offers to share with me his last 
potato.^ Although a native of a New England State, he has 
had experience at the South to understand her position, and 
her trials, and to be indignant at the cruel and unfeeling 
oppression, which for opinion's sake, has made me a prisoner 
within the walls of this fort. I hope our lives may be spared, 
to rejoin each other in our own happy homes at no very dis- 
tant day, among our loved ones, and in the performance of our 
accustomed duties at the South. 

De La Mar has at last secured his release. He left this 
afternoon, having scarcely time, after the order came, to say 
good-bye to the unfortunate ones whom he left behind. There 
is universal joy that he is out of prison. He has suffered 
more from his peculiar temperament, and from the specialties 
of his case, than a majority of those around him. I wish him 
well. 

R has spent the whole evening in reading the Scrip- 
tures, and is now about to retire, after finishing the Book of 
Job. He has offered no criticisms, and may be led by a way 
he knows not. 

Friday, Wth. — The music at reveille, this morning, was ex- 
cellent, and I enjoyed it very much. The band belonging to 
the newly-arrived regiment has taken its station outside of the 
fort, and in front of the sally-port. There are few evils 

1" If your father can only get here, I wiU share my last potato with him, 
and feel honored to have with me a moral hero, who. If he had lived some cen- 
turies ago, would have been one of the glorious company of martyrs." 



314 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OB, 

unmixed with good. So in our tedious imprisonment, sepa- 
rated from so many things that render life pleasant, the sound 
of occasional music has a salutary and comforting influence. 

The steam-pump has been operating in the moat during 
the entire week, and the \vater is again nearly all removed. 
The object, this time, is to cement the bottom — a very impor- 
tant and useful arrangement. But we are beginning to suifer, 
as heretofore, from the offensive stench. In a day or two, with 
a few hot suns upon the ordure, which has rapidly accumulated 
and is more exposed since the pumping process, we shall not 
be able to stand it. 

Since the release of so many of our number, wo have a 
remarkably calm and quiet time. Of those W'ho remain, 
several occupy themselves in reading ; others are busy with 
their ring-making ; and I regret to say, many still adhere to 
keno, and other games at cards. Sometimes I am left entirely 
alone in my room ; at other time-, Richardson and myself are 
the only occupants, when we have a very cosy time in such 
studies as we may prefer. 

Grady has just been informed of his release, on parole, to 
remain in Maryland during the war. His health is poor, and 
this perhaps is the best thing he can do. He has been very 
firm in refusing to take the oath — his heroic mother encour- 
aging him with her intelligent and feeling letters. He will 
leave either to-night, or to-morrow morning. 

The prisoners are greatly encouraged by the Confederate 
successes in all parts of the South. 

Only six at worship. 

Saturday, 12th. — The papers announce the Imprisonment 
of the Rev. Dr. Armstrong, of Norfolk. Ha is to be shut up 
at Fort Hatteras, for alleged Southern sympathies. Some time 
ago he took the oath of allegiance to the United States Govern- 
ment, and encouraged others to do the same, on the principle 
of submission to a conquering foe, as in the case of an army 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 315 

which has surrendered to a superior force. I have no doubt 
that this good brother has faithfully adhered to all that he 
considered implied in his obligation. But this does not seem 
to be enough. A man must think and feel with the Adminis- 
tration, right or wrong. He must have no opposition of heart, 
however wicked it may seem to him to be. He has no right 
to any views, but those presciibed by the Administration, 
however corrupt. And in carrying out this purpose, an inqui- 
sition must be instituted, to look into the secret soul of every 
man, or at least of every prominent man in the community. 
There must be not only no " evasion," but no explanation, no 
honorable statement of the true position. The Commission 
who are to make this investigation, are to decide not by what 
a man does, or even by what he says, but by virtue of their 
own perception in the case ; and if in their opinion the poor 
man is " unsound," he must be thrown into prison, or put to 
work on the streets. The inquisition has commenced its work. 
What next ? '" Gather not my soul, oh God, with sinners, nor 
my life with bloody men, in whose hands is mischief, and 
their ri^ht hand is full of bribes." Dr. Armstrong: has been 
kindly supplying my pulpit during my long absence from the 
people of my charge. Now that he is removed, I presume 
Gen. Butler, or Gen. Wild will install some divine more con- 
genial to the " free North." If Christ be preached, even though 
it be through contention, then souls may be saved, and I shall 
be satisfied, patiently " biding the time," till the providence 
of God shall reinstate me among my waiting people. 

Maj. Hammond has had a great treat to-day, in a visit from 
his wife and brother. They come, it is true, under painful 
circumstances ; but after a separation of more than two years, 

their joy must have been great. Mrs. II is a sister of 

the young man who died a few days ago at the barracks, and 
whose case was referred to in these pages. Mr. Worthington, 
of Frederick county, Md., is also of the party. He has a son 
who is a prisoner on the Island, and who has been suffering a 



316 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OK 

long and painful illness, but is now convalescent. One object 
of this visit is to remove the body of the young Confederate 
(whose death has been recorded), for reinterment among his 
friends. The party will remain several days in the vicinity, 
and have permission to cross the river at will. 

Gen. Sehoepf has extended to Gen. Thompson and Col. 
Duke, an invitation to visit the hospitals and barracks. They 
have taken the rounds, to-day, but the engagement on the part 
of Sehoepf was not fulfilled, perhaps from a press of business. 
These officers of opposing armies spent an hour together this 
morning, as they have dene several times before, and they seem 
to be mutually well pleased. It is the opinion of the Confed- 
erates that Gen. Sehoepf is disposed to make them comfortable, 
just so far as he may be allowed. I can add my own testimony 
here. But the General has many eyes upon him, and a num- 
ber around who are ready to report at Washington any undue 
leniency. Hence he is obliged to be cautious, and sometimes 
has the appearance of severity, when he does not mean it. 
Sehoepf says, he had to sit up all night not long since, to 
"prevent tlie guards from shooting Rebels, who were trying 
to make their escape ! " There is a report now circulating, 
that the General is shortly to be removed. Some of his brother 
officers may desire a change ; but the prisoners generally would 
be averse to the measure. 

Some officious persons have written to Gen. Sehoepf, from 
Philadelphia, stating that they heard Col. Duke say at the 
Continental Hotel, that he intended to stir up a revolt at the 
Fort. The Colonel is a man of too much good sense to jjublish 
his plans before their initiation. The object of the " canard " 
is to get him into close confinement, or in some other way to 
restrict his privileges. Such letters are frequently received 
by our officials, often I am sure to their disgust, and some- 
times to the great annoyance of the prisoners. It has been 
intimated, that several such letters have been received, with a 
view even to my own greatir suffering. The embargo upon 
my wife's visit is probably due to this pretentious loyalty. 



DUKESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 317 

Billy Baxley, who has been acting for months as an orderly 
to Dr. Silliman, and who has been accustomed to visit the 
interior of the fort, with messages, and reports from the hos- 
pitals, is forbidden in future to enter the sally-port. He is a 
sprightly youth, very firm in his Southern principles, and may 
be suspected of mischief, in communicating between the Con- 
federate officers, and the men at the barracks. All this is very 
unnecessary, however, as Gen. Thompson and Col. Duke are 
punctiliously exact in the honor of their paroles. 

The attendance at prayers, this evening, was confined to the 
few professors of religion in our company, with two others. 

Sabbath, ISth. — An unusual scene occurred last night in 

No. 1. J , who had been imbibing rather freely, and 

who at times is subject to fits, had three several paroxysms ; 
and in each spasm, made fearful demonstrations upon his room- 
mates, and was well nigh killing himself, by leaping out of 
the window upon the pavement below. It required the united 
strength of three or four men to hold him on the floor, until 
his rage was quelled. The noise occasioned by the melee was 
sufficiently great to attract the attention of the Provost Mar- 
shal, who came up, with Capt. Mulotowski and an armed 
soldier, to quell the disturbance, or take the offender to the 
guard-house. Their efforts, of course, were as unsuccessful as 
those of his ununiformed associates. After a while, a good dose 
of salt water, given as an emetic, had a fine effect, and the 
poor fellow was sufficiently restored to be willing to lie down. 
Through the remainder of the night, he continued quiet, and 
to-day he has slept nearly the whole time. 

J is a wig maker and barber. He is an English- 
man by birth, but has lived from childhood in the State of 
New York. Early in the war he was offered a captaincy in 
the Federal service, which he refused, and was consequently 
banished from his father's house. He was subsequently 
invited to return; and his father, discovering that he acted 



318 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

from principle, and opposed the aggression upon the South, 
was reconciled. He afterwards accompanied a Yankee regi- 
ment to Virginia, in the capacity of a barber, and in a short 
time laid up several hundred dollars in greenbacks. He was 
arrested in the neighborhood of Suffolk, Va., as a " suspicious 
character," and was confined for a time at Fort Norfolk. He 
was subsequently brought to this place, and has been here 
several months. He seems to be a true Southern man, and is 
very kind-hearted and liberal to any around him who are in 
need. 

We continue to have no appointments for morning service 
on the Sabbath. It is still too cold to meet in the hull, and 
some have an aversion to going into the rooms, for general 
meeting. A spirit of indifference is also sadly prevalent. 
Under all the circumstances, I prefer to wait for special invi- 
tations ; hence we shall probably confine ourselves, fur some 
time, to the evening worship. 

Had an attentive little audience, at the usual hour in the 
evening. Spent the day in reading. 

The weather a little cloudy, with the first muttering 
thunder of Spring. 

Monday, \UK. — Awoke with a severe rheumatism in my 
neck and shoulders. 

Had our usual daily visit from the Rebel officers, Duke 
and Thompson, who entertained us, in their accustomed style, 
with anecdotes and narratives of battles and hair-breadth escapes. 
The two men are alike, yet very unlike. Both are adventurous 
and fond of soldier life ; both are great talkers ; and both 
are brave and dashing men. Thompson is an indefatigable 
scribbler, writing to everybody he has ever seen or heard of. 
Duke, on the other hand, hates to touch a pen. Thompson's 
education (and it is not an imperfect one) has been picked up, 
here, there, and everywhere, in his contact with men. Dnko, 
also, though still a young man, has seen much, and has 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 319 

made corresponding improvement — adding thereto a culti- 
vated mind, and valuable attainments in general literature. 
He has read much, both In history and romance, and without 
ostentation, exhibits considerable knowledge of the classics. 
Thompson would be called egotistical by many, but he speaks 
of himself with such good humor, and naivete, that it is by no 
means disagreeable. Duke is naturally a very modest man, 
and seldom refers to himself, except when drawn out by 
others. Both are free-thinkers in religion, and perhaps deists.^ 
They both have a warm side for the Roman Catholic Church. 
Both repudiate the general teachings of the Bible — Thompson 
more radically, but with less learning ; Duke with more read- 
ing, and show of reason, evincing at the same time a degree 
of caution, and a pleasant regard for the opinions and argu- 
ments of those who see not as he does. 

Waited anxiously the arrival of the mail, hoping to hear 
something favorable in relation to my deliverance from prison. 
A letter came, but only to disappoint and annoy me the more. 
Enemies and spies have been pressing me hard. The first are 
determined that I shall suffer longer ; the latter are endeavor- 
ing to establish themselves, whatever may be the fate of others. 

j Office of the Commission Respecting State Prisoners 
\ Confined at Forts Delaware and McHenry. 

Rev. I. W. K. Handy, D. D.: 

Sir: — Since our last interview at Fort Delaware, we have 
learned from other persons — -prisoners with yourself, and citi- 
zens — that while at Portsmouth, and since the war, you were 
frequently employed in making up packages of letters from 
that place, to be forwarded beyond the lines of the armies of 
the United States. 

Secondly, that since your confinement, your influence has 
been exerted to prevent o'.her persons confined at Fort Dela- 
ware from returning to their allegiance to the Government — 
encouraging them to attempt escape, rather than exemplify 
their loyal intentions by an oath of allegiance. 

1 These officers never avowed themselves to be Deists— hencQ the possibility 
of error In the use of this word. 



320 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Thirdly, that while at Portsmouth, and since in Delaware, 
prior to your arrest, you had used your influence as a minister 
of the Gospel, to encourage and incite feelings hostile to the 
United States. 

Your answer, as categorical as may be, in explanation, or 
denial of these statements, we should be obliged to you for — 
at your earliest convenience. 

Yours, <fec., 

Hugh L. Bond, Com. 
John C. King, Com. 
'per A. M. Rogers, 

Sec. of Commission. 
Baltimore, Mar. 12, 1864. 

I scarcely know, whether. In this communication, there is 
good or evil intent. 

Felt much annoyed and depressed. Suffered with nervous 
headache, and resorted to my usual remedy, the hot bath. 
Went to bed early, but to suffer much before relief. 

More letters to-day by flag of truce. 

Tuesday, 15th. — This has been one of the most anxious 
and unpleasant days of my imprisonment. The letter of yes- 
terday has given me a great deal of trouble. If I knew ex- 
actly with what spirit it was penned, I would know precisely 
M'hat to do. To each of the statements involved I can give 
an unhesitating negative. To answer them thus, categorically 
and without explanation, would relieve me, perhaps, from 
embarrassment, so far as the Commission is concerned; but I 
want to have a good conscience, and be perfectly understood 
by all who would wish to know my position. Details would 
only Involve me in greater difficulty under tiie Yankee rule, 
and bring additional suffering upon my scattered and depen- 
dent family. Shall I, then, avail myself of the natural and 
legal right not to criminate myself, and to answer as categori- 
cally as possible, or shall I mrdcc out a statement, explaining 
my position and conduct, and thus involve myself the more? 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY 321 

I shall adopt the plan of using but few words, and risk the 
probability of being understood by my friends. 

My greatest difficulty is in regard to third statement men- 
tioned in the letter. All who know me are aware of my 
decided States Rights views, and of ray cordial sympathy with 
the South, in opposing the Lincoln rule; but when I deny 
" exerting my influence as a minister of the Gospel to encourage 
and incite feelings hostile to the United States," it may not be 
understood that I make a difference between the Government 
of the United States, as based upon the Constitution adopted 
by our fathers, and the administration that arrogates to itself 
to be the Government, though despising the Constitution,. 
and sustaining itself by despotic acts. It may also be lost 
sight of, that whatever may have been my interest in this 
great cause, I have never preached a political sermon, nor- 
upon any occasion, introduced the subject of politics into- 
the pulpit, nor in any way whatever taken advantage of mj- 
ministerial position to influence "any mind, or to accomplish 
any re-ult. My feelings are not hostile to the United States 
Government as based upon the Constitution ; and it is my 
only business to preach Christ and Plini crucified. 

In regai'd to the course which I have pursued concerning 
the oath, whilst it is positively untrue that I have ever made 
efforts to prevent those around me from acting according to 
the dictates of their own consciences, I have never refrained 
when my opinions have been called for, to state my own posi- 
tion, and the arguments which have influenced my own 
mind in the course which I have pursued. As a matter of 
prudence, and with a reasonable allowance for the circum- 
stances and surroundings of others, I have been willing that 
all should judge for themselves, whilst anxious that my own 
status should not be mistaken. 

After much thought and prayer, I have at length drawn off 
a concise letter, which has been sent to the "Commission.'** 
21 



322 UNITED STATES BONDS ;:OiEir 

Written hoping the result may show 'the guiding 1 hand of the 
Almighty, I wait my fate. , ti .' . • - f ; ;: ; ' 

Held the usual services^ and retired rearly.' 

Wednesday, 16th. — Thejruujor.isstilliCrfrrent that G^eral 
Schoepf isto be removed. -, It is said, ithat Col. Schley wilbtal^& 
his place at the fort, and that Jie will supersede Gen. Lock- 
wood in Baltimore. Should the present Commandant b^e re- 
moved from this place, it. would be a sourqe of^ pleasure to all 
the political jsrisoners were he installed at Baltimore,, , ,; 

There has been a considerable stir araopg the "gatvanized," 
men, about enlisting in thetnavy. ; Fiftyr-three were introduced 
to that branch of the service, and about twenty of them. h^-ve 
left to enter upon their njariuQ; life. The / convicts are, also^ 
much interested on the subject, .and nupjbers are applying, to 
the Government for pardon, on condition of( entering. the navaj 
service. , , , ^r , ■ . : , 

Dr. Arthur R. Smith, ,ofi Portsmouth, hae.rbeen ordered to 
give up his house, and to leave his furniture, as a penalty for 
refusing to take the oath. , .< . , > i ; 

So many of *our number are now takii^g their meals in the 
rooms, that the table is no lpi:tger set beilow stairs. 

The following lines, written by Col. Duke M'hilsta prisoner 
in the Ohio Penitentiary, are .inserted hef,e ,as hi^torig{il, fltjid 
worth preserving : i-ir; ■' i, ; • ■ : 

THE CAPTIVE'S DREAM. 

At midnight, ^n iiis gratedcell/ 

Blight visions to tlie captive came, 
And o'er lils spirits sank a spell, • ' ' 

As potent as the magic flame 
In which the wrapt disciple reads 
The future's unaccomplished deeds. ^ • ■ 

He dreams his turn of stay is done, 

His dungeon's door is open thrown, 
And the sterii warder bids him go ; ' : •', 

Forth from these walls of crime and woe; 
He dreams that 'J etr at Inst relents— '"'• '' 

To slacken up, and straight consents ; 
And by some apt negotiation 
Redeems him from the Yankee Nation. 



DTJRESS BY FEDEKAL AtTT^OEITY. 3"2S 

Then, thick npoit the captives soul "' ' - 
Auticipaled glories roll • , ,. 

Beneath him proudj the charger springs— 
Defiaully liis bugle rings; , i 

Again iu battle's siein parade 
He sees the eager ranks arrayed ; 
Again, in triumph &qd jn pride, • ■ 
Kentucky sees the squadron ride, 
And every hoTse in Indiatia ■ 
Is pressed to follow Morgan's banner. 

But hark ! he starts ! he wakes ! what sound 

Has slill'd lii^ hep,rl'simpetuouS(bound? / >'. r 

What awful sound, with horror rife, 

Has backward turned the tid^ of life? ' •'■'■'■ 

Upon his wakened h;earing jars > : .; 1 

The clash of those detested bars; 

He hears his jailoii*'.s sulleli'tond 

Which makes King Meriou's' mandate known, 

And bid"! him straight away prepare 

To lose his cherished beard and hain . 

Great God ! no hope ! must he resign 

His youth's f;iir'pridev his manhood's sign? ' 

Ah, not that rebel chief who fell , y. ■ 

From heaven's high battleirients to' hell, 

Felt degradation more forlorn,!' ' > . ' 

Or knew his honors closer shorn I , . 

What cheers the Wretched culprit now-"? — 
What drives the shadow from his bi'ow ? — ■ ■, ] 
His bosom, once with courage thrilled, 
Is now " chock up "(With sawsages filled ; 
And he who once the battle led. 
Attacks naught else but gingerbread. 
I can no more|! Alas. J piy theme ;. 
Is now aught else but passing dream 1 
'11 .',..■.■' I ■ ■ 

Thursday, 17th. — "St. Patriek'sdaym the morning" fonnd 
the inmates of No. 6 all in bed, until' after nine o'clock; and' 
though this was the finest day we' have had for a long timej' 
the breakfast table was not removed ^ until hear the merid atf ' 
Too bad ! but there is some' excuse in the fact', that mbfet of us' 
were up until two o'clock last night. Night seems to be the 
best time to use the pen, at this pi^ie. Ofteb, until nihe or ten 
o'clock there is so much chattering and confusion,'th'at nothing 
can be accomplished. Midnight, with its silence, is the' effective 

J r. ;;v r4—. -i-' ■->— ^— ^ ' 

IMerion, the keeper of the penitentiary. 



324 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

period. Brogden, Richardson, and Tibbetts, each seemed to 
have some special writing on hand last night, I was in bed 
long before them, but was equally indulgent of myself this 
morning. Having no inclination to play the amateur at fire- 
making, while the others slept I mused ; and we all came out 
of our bunks at the same time, with good appetites for the 
morning meal. 

The report in regard to the contemplated removal of Gen. 
Schoepf proves to be a hoax ; a change, however, has been 
naade in the Department, which separates Fort Delaware from 
the Middle District, under Gen. Lockwood, and gives Gen. 
Schoepf supreme command, subject only to the Secretary of 
War. 

Received a letter from Gibson, written at the request of 
Col. Waring, asking whether he should secure, in my behalf, 
the influence of Judge Goldsborough, Hon. J. F. Dent, and 
other distinguished Marylanders. Replied at once, that I 
would be glad to have any help they might choose to give me. 
As men of influence, I have no doubt they can do me impor- 
tant service. Dent was a schoolmate at Charlotte Hall, in 
St. Mary's, where I spent three years of my life. Judge 
Goldsborough knew me, a schoolboy at Cambridge, on the 
Eastern Shore of Maryland. 

Mrs. Benj. Caulk, of Newark, Del., sends me word, that 
she has forwarded to Capt. Ahl, for my own use, a box of 
edibles. She writes kindly, and with pleasant sympathy. 
Such instances of remembrance by our friends, have an encour- 
aging and happy influence, and give new strength for days to 
come. Mrs. C. sends several other boxes to the prisoners at 
the barracks, in which she has been assisted by the benevolent 
ladies of Newark. 

A good deal of imposition has been practised by some of the 
meaner sort of "Rebs," on the sympathizers at the North. 
Having been here long enough to learn the best chann< Is of 
supply, applications have been repeatedly made, in behalf of 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 325 

pretended needy ones ; and abundant supplies have been sent, 
not to be distributed, but to be appropriated hy rascals, who have 
sold and speculated greatly to their own fraudulent gain. A good 
for nothing fellow was very nicely caught, a few days ago, in 
the presence of Major Hammond, who was occupying one of 
the offices for a short time during the visit of his wife. A fine 
box of clothing had come to his address, and he had been 
ordered up from the barracks to receive it. The rogue being 
very well dressed, the officer inquired, why he had written for 
more clo.hing. After stammering, and hesitating a good deal, 
he proved himself to be quite as silly as wicked. At length 
he replied, — 

"Well, I've been thinking 'bout 'tempting to 'scape, and 
wanted the clothes; but they caught some fellows trying to 
get off t'other day, and I've give it up now." 

Where did that man come from ? Why has he not been 
galvanized long ago ? Well, he lost the box ; and as the officer 
told him he would settle with him farther about the matter, 
I presume he has by this time received his deserts. 

Great joy is experienced among the prisoners, at the idea 
of a speedy exchange. The papers are eagerly examined, to 
find the most trifling allusions to the subject; and any letter, 
referring encouragingly to the prospect, brings new life into 
every heart. To-day, about 500 men arrived from Camp 
Chase, to be removed shortly, as is supposed, to City Point. 
Some ten or fifteen of this number were wounded convalescents. 
It was an affecting sight, to. see these poor fellows, as they 
hobbled along with canes or crutches, on their way to the hos- 
pital. Preparations have been made for the reception of sev- 
eral hundred officers from Johnson's Island, so that before the 
week is out, we shall probably have an exciting time. 

The Dutch battery, quartered near us under the same roof, 
are having a grand time, with their nightly jigs and break- 
downs. Soon after dark the violin commences, and we can 
distinctly hear the music and stamping, even long after taps. 



3j^6 UlflTED STATES BONDS ; OR 

"Inhere seepis uqw to be PiO prder, requiring the soldiers inside 
jt^ie Jfort to retire, earlj., ., A? I, write, the tramping and fiddling 
—and, now and then, the calls of, tlie leader — can be distinctly- 
heard, as the sound pours down, through the ventilators in the 
massive, walls. , , . 

lyucas received a .fine bo^^, to-day from Billy Rust, and 
Richardson was favpred in a similar manner by friends in 
Marylajid. ,The latter ga,ve us a fine turkey dinner in No. 6. 

The .. attendance at evening sprviie was unusually large. 
Severa]|, ^v;ho have been lately absenting themselves, were 
?igain in their places; and am()i),g these was one who has 
contracted the habit of swearing, but who told me, a 
day or two , ago, that he felrt it mean and degrading, and 
had resolvef:|, to. renounce it,, \Ye have lately managed to 
get a fine kerosene pi\ )^mp,,,aud now we have a splendid 
light iji the room, which giyes us much comf:)rt. The 
fine lamp, and beautiful shade, [ have a very attractive ap- 
pearance, and we .frequently ha^ve our neighbors joining 
us. To-night we have had a vpry quiet time, only two 
or three ; haying thus given us their company. Maynadier 
has just left, after spending Jialf ar^ hour at the table, with hi^ 
Bible., Riphardson, who, is one of our most constant readers, 
is poring over Byron, and has been thus occupied nearly all 
day. 1 Devitt is looking oyer Jeff. Thompson's scrap-book; and 
as Brogden and Tibbetts are both out, I close this wiih 
unusual quiet in No, 6, but witl^ sounds of card-playing in 
No. 7 J and tiie noise of a breakdown by the Dutch in their 
neighboring quarters. 

Friday, ISth.- — -The [inmates of our room are later risers 
than any others- in the apartment. They seldom get up 
before half-past seven, or eight o'clock. Tibbetts, who used 
to be an early bird, is now quite as dilatory as any of us. I 
generally awake at. reveille, or soon after, and often being too 
unwell to stir, w^it until ope of i^y juniors has made the fire. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 327 

From thi3 duty^ I have ordin9,rily been exempt. Occasion- 
ally, however, when I get tired of a wakeful bed, .and feel 
able to undertake, thp task, I show the young men that I can 
dp it quite as well a^ they. We often have visitors' lor.g 
before we are , up, calling in from different motives. Mayna- 
dier, Hammoncl, and Shanks seldom fail to give us a call. 
Maynadier simply from liajbit, in taking his morning round ; 
Hammond ,to have a j,oke,^ and get a pipe of tobacco from 
Brogden, who generally kee;;s a supply for the whole house ; 
and Shanks to annoy Richardson, and Tibbetts, with one or 
both of. , \ybom ;he , is sure to have a round of mischievous 
sport.. Recently , this waggish Englishman had the temerity 
to hold a lighted ,^atc;h under Rielmrdson's nose, while the 
latter was fast ashep ; and this in*)rning he amused himself by 
secretly sticking, an empty whiskey^jbottle under my pillow. 
Such are some of the_ prison sports. 

; Sykps ha,d the good forttuie to^et off to-day. He left th's 
afternbcjn, for Delaxyare pity, and wip take the Erickson boat 
for Baltimore, on his way to Norfolk, He has been a prisoner 
for: twelve moUjths, lacking only a few days, having spent the 
whol^ time at this plac^, and at Fort Norf »lk. He was sen- 
tenced to^ this long confinement, on a charge of aiding de- 
serter^,, the only testimony against him being that of two men, 
who, in order to. have him arrested, called at his house, and 
representing then^selves to be deserters, asked the way to 
Richmond. |He gavetheip a sort of map of the road, us far 
as South Mills, and has paid the, pei^alty by this long separa- 
tion fro^n,, his family. Mr. Sykesjs one of the mo.-t quiet 
and .orderly men in our apartment. , He is a member of the 
Methodist Church,, and has main t^a^ned a consistent Christian 
deport^ueut, thi^ough the whole pf his imprisonment. Ho has 
been our sexton^ since, ]\Ir. Belt's departure, and has done his 
part well. We shall miss him very much. As the time drew 
nearer and^ nearer for his release^ his quiet anxiety was striking 
£|nd, amusing. He has been one of our greatest wh;t;lcrs, and 



328 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

tinkers, and every day, with liis coat off, lie has always been 
busily engaged. For the last two days, however, he has kept 
his coat on, looking rs if ready to start at any moment. It 
ought to be stated, that although his time lacked only a few 
days of bting out, he was notified by Capt. Ahl, that he could 
not leave without taking the oath. He was not allowed to go 
out as a free man, with the privilege of doing as he pleased 
afterward about swearing his way to Norfolk; but having 
suffered the full term of liis imprisonment, he must still 
remain until he accepts Lincoln's amnesty ! Where is justice! 

We had hoped, this morning, that Long was about to be 
released. He was called down in the usual manner, to the 
General's office, and we awaited with interest his return. 
It turned out, however, much to his disappointment and 
ours, that he was summoned, merely to receive a reprimand 
from the Commissary of prisoners,' for his " Copperhead 
letters." Despairing of release, and unable longer to contain 
himself, he determined to tell his friends just how he felt, 
after an imprisonment of five or six months. The letters were 
tart enough, it is true; but it did not occur to him that 
they might be suppressed, and himself probably punished. 
He escaped "the cells; " but was informed that no more such 
letters must be put into the box, and that he was increasing 
the duration of his imprisonment. Some daik hints were 
made about other evil consequences. One of the letters (perhaps 
the boldest) was retained, and the others handed back to him, 
unapproved. Long is a plain, sensible man, from Sussex Co., 
Delaware ; well read in newspaper politics ; very free-spoken, 
and fearless ; sometimes imprudent, but a well-meaning, 
honest, and upright person, and an earnest champion of 
Southern rights. The Administration deem him a man of 
too much influence to be allowed to remain at home, and 
among his old neighbors. 

Col. Duke hi;s had a visit from his god-father. Bishop Wood, 
of Philadelphia, who proposes to look after his comfort and 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 329 

to see that he is supplied with whatever he may need in the 
way of staples, or delicacies. The Colonel tells me, that the 
Bishop was instrumenlal in the conversion of bi)lli of his 
parents t(v the Roman Catholic faith — his mother having been, 
originally, a Presbyterian. By the way, I have had an earnest 
but friendly discussion with the Colontl, on the subject of uni- 
versal salvation. I find him to be a sort of Restoration ist, 
admitting a limited future punishment, and accepting the 
Catholic doctrine of purgatory. He denies the infinite evil of 
sin, and draws the distinction, with much emphasis, between 
venal and aggravated offences. 

Brogden has been informed by his aunt — a daughter of 
Chief Justice Taney — that she has effected an arrangement with 
President Lincoln, through a friend, by which he may be im- 
mediately returned to the South, when the Confederate Govern- 
ment will furnish a man of the same rank with himself, in 
exchange. He has already written to Richmond on the sub- 
ject, and the exchange will, no doubt, be accomplished. 

I am glad to find that resolutions have been introduced into 
the Virginia legislature, by my friend and fellow-townsman, the 
late Mayor Grice, calling the attention of the Confederate 
authorities to the shameful treatment inflicted by Gen. Butler, 
upon Messrs. Bain and Hodges, and asking that measures may 
be taken for their relief, by appropriate redress. 

Received an elegant box of good things from Mrs. Caulk, 
for which she has my thanks. Sent a box of prison-made 
rings to my wife and children, by Sykes. 

Grymes, Drummond, Maynadier and myself the only wor- 
shippers to-night. 

Saturday, Idth. — Our number is now reduced to twenty- 
two. Nine of these were here when I came; a majority have 
been in some way connected with the C. S. Army ; and are 
here, either upon charges yet to be investigated, or have been 
condemned after trial by court-martial, to imprisonment for 



33.0 ; UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

thp wau. . JoicQj Richardson, E,asiu, Long and myself, are the 
only persons left, who may be strictly called "prisoners of 
Stat$k" The condition, of thos^ wjio remain is greatly bene- 
fitted by the recent, jail delivery. The time pas-es more 
smoothly, and the oppprtunitiqs for reading, writing, or 
pleasant cpuversation, pre much in^proved. 

1,he iYankee soldiei-s are all w^^ring their belts, and cart- 
mdgp.boxes— an order having beep,, issued within a few days 
psist, that ithey should keep' them Oi), from reveille to retreat. 
WJiat the object of thi^,,I cannot tell. Perhaps, there is some 
apprehension of an insurrection at the barracks. 

The /ail*: weather is giving more life to the Island. The 
,out-dooiv wprfi, which had been suspended for the winter, has 
been again, resumed. The soldiers, also, are turning out of 
.tjjeir quarters ; aud instead of hovering around the stoves, or 
lying in their bunk,s when not on cluty,are frequently seen in 
groupp engaged iu different sporty. We were entertained for 
some time this ,after,noofl,, with the boyish plays of a number 
of young meu, belonging to the 5th Md., who Avere enjoying 
themselves, in front of our window. 

'Sevftn persons in attendance, alj worship. 
I .,1 close this, at a quarter past ton. Brogden and Tibbets 
are visiting.; Riphardson is at tl^e table, closely absorbed in 
Lalla Rookh. The, sentinels are, n,9w, straining their voices, 
PiTying " all's I well !" , 

'. '. ■ < ■ . . . , 

Sabbath, 20th. — XhjB foi;enoon of to-day was anything but 
•what I could, have wished it to bp. Nt). 6 was crowded with 
visitors, and conversations on all subjects, except those befit- 
ting the Sabbath, \vere indulged in. Sliips, do-s, horse- racing, 
and niany otljier matters of little moment, gave rise to animated 
discussioniS ; and 1 foun(,I it impo.=i-:ible, either to read or medi- 
tate. Ofcoursq, I coyiiltl not lend, my exam;)le to any such 
desetration of tlie;day. Fox a time, I occupied a corner, Avith 
my Bible in hand ; but faL^^g to accomplish anything, I threw 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 331 

myself.upoiirmj bunk, to make th6; best of my fate. In the 
.afternoon, sj^nj^ degree, of quiet prevailed; and I had consid- 
lerable satisfaction in reviewing the book of Jeremiah, and re- 
ferring, anon, to Watson's Bible Dictionary. It is a great trial 
to, be hiteryupted in our Sabbath seilvices. It has been alto- 
gether inexpedient, however, to attempt to resume them in 
the morning., Atjuight we had a. little congregation, in No. 
.2 J and I made some impromptu remarks, on the old Testa- 
ment evidences ^f a future state, jirjd its suggestions in regard 
to )the puuishlnent of the wicked. , 

. . iDr. Sillimarii, the medical director, made a formal inspec- 
tion; of the room. This, is the second time he has performed 
this duty, witiiin eight months. The rounds were made with 
the usual stiffness and formality. The Doctor was dressed in 
full unifoijm, and his sword dangled at his side. He entered 
our room with no salutation of pblitjeness, and looking around 
a moment, asked if we i were "troubled with foul air." I told 
him the moat had until laitelybeeHj:exceedingly offensive. His 
question, however, had" reference to the number of men in the 
room, and was evidently unnecessary, as he knew very well 
that there are only twenty -two meu at this time in our apart- 
ment. , Last summer, when, the rooms were crowded, and we 
were suiLxing; greatly from the; heat, and offensive moat, it 
might have been well enough to inquire into our condition. 
He further ask< d, whether there was any case of scurvy among 
,us. This question was proposed as he scrutinized our well 
spread table, for which we are indebted, not to the U. S. Gov- 
ernment, but tQi our personal friends. These trifles would not 
be recorded, but for the very disdgreeable manners of this self- 
important iittleiman, wh() is quite as obnoxious to the Federals 
as to.oursejves, and whose visits to the hospitals are generally 
annoiincedby the watchers, with a sort of fright, as soon as he 
approaches the poritieo in. front. 

Mondayj 21st. — Eight months ago, this day, I entered 



332 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Fort Delaware. At that time, had no idea of remaining for 
more than two or three days, or for a week at farthest. I felt 
certain of this, not only on account of the very trifling grounds 
of my arrest, bnt was satisfied that I had friends enough to 
look after my case. J hiive since realized, that although a 
man be imprisoned for thinking a little too loudly, there is, 
subsequently, no prospect for release, until he is completely 
broken, and cowed, or has made up his mind to play the 
hypocrite, and swear himself out; or, perhaps, he may be 
pardoned through, the influence of very powerful friends. But 
I have also learned, that in these days of despotism and 
oppression, a j^risoner, whatever may have been his former 
pleasant surroundings, has very few bold and active friends. 
Friends he may have, who feel for him, and pray for him, and 
would perhaps, if they dared, encourage him by their sym- 
pathy. To him, however, they appear, for the time being, as 
though they arc not. ^V^e have had some men among us who 
have not, for months, received a line from their own parents. 
Others have had letters from brothers and sisters abusing 
them, either from real opposition, or to save themselves from 
oppression. These trials are even harder to endure, than the 
imprisonment. With the approbation and sympathy of 
friends, and a good conscience in the sight of God, even suffer- 
ing may be a pleasure. 

I have not been outside of the building, since my parole 
was withdrawn. After once enjoying a degree of liberty, it 
is exceedingly disagreeable to be placed under guard, and 
marched out a few hundred yards ; and at the will of coarse 
and unfeeling men, to be ordered back again, before fifteen, or 
possibly thirty minutes have elapsed. ^lost of the prisoners 
feel much alike about this. Some never go out. at all ; others 
only occasionally, and when the weather is very inviting. At 
times, when the call is given to 'Svalk," not more thau half a 
dozen persons respond, and once or twice there have only been 
two or three. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 333 

The view from our grated window has been quite cheerful 
tO'day, The " Rebs" have been out in large squads, at their 
old business of rolling barrels. They do this work for the 
sake of the exercise, and certainly do not hurt themselves at 
hard labor. It is amusing to notice their usual dignity of 
manner, in kicking them along, or in propelling thera with a 
stick, instead of bending to the work, and earnestly pushing 
them ahead. To-day, even with the pleasant weather, they 
have been wrapped up closely, in their overcoats, blankets or 
quilts, many of them looking more like Indians than white 
workmen. Some of them, for appropriating a pocket full of 
sugar, were made to feel the weight of the sergeant's stick. 

My wife informs me that she will go to Baltimore in a few 
days, for an interview with the " Commission." Capt. Jeffer- 
son, of Port Penn, will accompany her. Could I have a few 
wortls with her before she leaves, it might be well. It will be 
•an unpleasant business for her ; but I hope for the best. 

Tuesday, 22d. — Thorn has returned from the hospital. 
The poor boy has been very ill with typhoid fever. He looks 
badly, and will not be himself again, for weeks. He has been 
in the hospital for more than a month, and during that time 
there were eight deaths in his ward. There are now 550 
persons sick in the hospital — most of them cases of pneumonia. 

Tried the wash-tub again this morning; but in consequence 
of first boiling the clothes with the dirt on them, did not suc- 
ceed so well as heretofore. "Was unf rtunate also, in rubbing 
the skin fr m my knuckles; but I am not discourage 1, and 
shall continue the business, as occasion requires. 

It is reported, that a man was f^hot, last night, in attempt- 
ing to escape from the island. I have heard no particulars. 

My wife is now, probably, on her way to Baltimore, to 
press her suit before the agents of the Lincoln government, in 
regard to my release. For the sake of herself, and the 
children, I hope she may be successful. She has little, how- 



334 UNITED STATES BONDS; Ok' 

ever, to encourage her, and I fear the result. I comniend my 
dear family to Him who is' able to protect them, and' can make 
all their afflictions a means of b]essing. 

Five hundred prisoners are reported to have arrived, last 
night, from Camp Chase. They are sai5 to be Iodising very 
badly. ., .. ; 

Complaints are constantly heard, of irregularity in the iuail 
facilities on the island. Several of otir number ai'e confident, 
that their letters are suppressed. Pearson has ^vritten ' e^ereri 
times to Washington, and hiis ascertained by a letter, just 
received, and enclosed to some officer, that only one of fheni 
has reached its destination, and that was seht " underground."' 

Five worsliippers to-night in No. 2|, viz : Grymes, May- 
nadier. Long, Devitt and myself. ' . ' ' ' 

Just ten o'clock ; the room! q'ur^t ; Richardson absorbed in 
" My Lady ; " Nelson poring over " Les Miserables'; " ' Tib- 
betts asleep on his pallet ; Brogden out. 

A storm is brewing, and sonae eight or ten vessels are at 
anchor near the island. 

Wednesday, 23cZ. — The weatHer is cold,' and the ground i^ 
again covered with snow. 1 notice, 'however, that wis do noi 
suffer in the Fort, even ^vheh the appearances outside are most 
bleak, and wintry. The walls of the buildings are thick, 
there are few openings to the rooms, a!hd tlie stoves b',Mng 
furnished with plenty of coal, wie cm arrange the temperature 
to suit ourselvep. We are more frequently troubled with heat' 
than with cold. Indeed, we have all become so sensitive that 
no one thinks of venturing out in th^ open air, unless on a 
very fair day. . 

Jeff. Thompson had the misfortune 'to have a favorite knife 
broken this morning by his orderly. The knife was presented 
to him by an English gentleman wliom he. met in New Or- 
leans, and was valued, as well on that account as for its 
intrinsic worth, as it was of peculiar inake and 'fine metal. 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHfoEITY. S3'5' 

The boy was using it contrary to the (general's expwss'or(iJers; 
and, by some mishap, let it fall, and knbeked' diit an elegknt 
blade. This was more than Jeff, could staiid, and Bailey got 
such a berating as he has' probably neVer' had before. He 
plead that it was only an accident. This 'onY^ aVoiised the old 
"goriller" the more. Hie walked the room, stormed and 
threatened, until the poor lad was frightened nearly out of his 
wits. Jeff, was now " done " for the day. He could ' do no 
more writing or reading, aiid came up stairs to get what com- 
fort he could from the " politicals." In the meantime Bailey 
resorted to his bunk, and continued in 'trouble at the sacrifice 
of dinner, and with little relish f6'r his supjjei*. I note the 
incident as the most exciting event of the dky, and illustrative 
of Jeff.'s peculiar temperament. 

Have been much exercised) to-day, about my wife's visit to 
Baltimore. As a change has been . made in the depaiihient, 
cutting off Fort Delaware from the Baltimore command, I 
fear she will have to go to Washington, in ' which Case the 
result must be even more doubtful. 

Brogden has been assured by a letter frofii Washington, thai 
President Lincoln has officially notified' his friends that an 
exchange may be effected, as sooii as the ' Cdhfed'erate Govern- 
ment shall signify its willingness to' send a prisoner of the 
same rank with himself, Pearson is making' a movement of 
the same kind, and similar efforts may be made by others. 

Rasin, Maynadier, and Devitt have been in the room all 
the evening, each of them with stories' of the past; but Rasin 
has decidedly the best collection, and is the most long-winded. 
It is now half-past twelve o'clock. 

A better attendance at worship. 

Thursday/, 24th. — No. 6 has 'been well supplied with boxes, 
since the opening of Spring. Brogdeii, Richardson and my- 
self have each been well remembered .by sy'mpathizers/and 
friends. Our supplies have, recently, been so abundant, that 



336 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

" Commissary" Tibbetts has appropriated No. 3 as a larder and 
pantry. We have been living upon hams, turkeys, chickens, 
tongues, jellies, pickles, butter, cheese, canned fruits, and jellies 
of various kinds, with all else that could be desired for com- 
fortable and healthy diet. In some other rooms they have 
been doing quite as well ; and those who have not been so for- 
tunate, have shared with us, as we could aiford it, or they have 
had need. The table is set twice a day — at about half-past 
nine o'clock, and at about half-past four. In the middle of 
the day, and before bed-time, each man helps himself to a 
lunch, as he may require it. The only article regularly 
furnished by the Government commissary is bread. Each 
man gets a well baked loaf, every other d ly, which is quite 
sufficient in quantity. Now and then Bro;^den, or Richardson 
will step down stairs, and get a plate of soup, which for some 
weeks past has been declared fine, by all the prisoners. Occa- 
sionally we draw a little sugar, and no^v and then, if our 
supplies are low, we get some coffee. The articles sent by 
friends are usually cooked, so that %ve have very little to do 
over the fire, beyond the daily pot of coffee, or ftying a few 
slices of ham. Such are our present table arrangements. 
Perfeclly comfortable. Did our good friends know how much 
our trials are mitigated by their attentions, it would do their 
liearts good — not that any of us are so much concerned for the 
gratification of the appetite. Not one of us, indeed, is an 
epicure ; but whilst these good things keep off the scurvy and 
other ailments, we are especially grateful for such evidences 
of sympathy and affection on the part of those whom we would 
not have to forget us. 

Gen. Thompson is corresponding with a New York lady — 
Mrs. Medora Thayer — a sister of Gen. Frank Cheatham, who 
proposes to furnish any articles of clothing, little or much, that 
may be needed for the comfort of the prisoners at Fort Dela- 
ware. Her liberality will only be restraine^d by the veto of 
the Commandant, or the prohibition of the Washington author- 



DTJEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 337 

ities. The General has accepted the generous offer, and the 
clothing will be distributed under his advisement. 

Col. Duke received a splendid military overcoat, to-day, 
from his friend, Bishop Wood of Philadelphia. The author- 
ities say, that they had to strain a point to permit its recep- 
tion. 

Have been indulging myself this afternoon, by way of va- 
riety, in a line of reading long since abandoned, with some 
exceptions. I have been trying David Copperfield. Whether 
I shall wade through it, remains to be seen. My mind at 
present is ill-adapted to anything of the kind ; and on that 
very account I feel the more inclined to unbend. I have gen- 
erally avoided novels, and have been willing to be regarded as 
unfashionable, and even wanting in literary taste, lest my ex- 
ample might injure others. Perhaps, I ought to have been 
more like Payson, whose habit was to read all the popular fic- 
tions, in order the better to warn his people against bad books. 

We have had a sort of levee in No. 6, this evening. Vari- 
ous subjects have been under discussion — the "slave trade" 
being the principal item. Both sides of this question were 
earnestly advocated. 

Only four persons availed themselves of the usual privilege of 
taking a walk, viz : Rasin, Nelson, Maynadier and Richardson. 
Major Basin found an opportunity for a friendly chat with 
Chaplain Way. He became so much interested in his preacher 
friend, as to overslep the assigned limits, and was interrupted 
by the guard, who presented the point of his bayonet. The party 
returned, with a good laugh on " the Court " (as Devitt calls 
him), insisting that he was meditating an escape, and that al- 
though he had partially succeeded in reaching the boat, the cover 
of the Chaplain was sadly ineffectual after all. 

Eight worshippers, to-night, in No. 2. 

Friday, 25th. — Dr. Stone called in, early this morning, at 
the request of Brogden, to insert some virus sent him by Dr. 
22 



338 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Buckler of Baltimore. The scab being regarded as something 
extra, four others, including myself, also submitted to the ope- 
ration. Several of the prisoners have recently been vaccinated 
by this popular physician ; and in every case the result has 
been favorable. 

There are now, according to Dr. Stone, about six hundred 
sick persons on the Island. Of this number, fifteen have the 
small-pox. The others are mostly cases of pneumonia, and 
typhoid fever. 

" Johnny Reb," (J, W. L. Wightman), after an imprison- 
ment of one year and a few days, was formally " galvanized " 
to-day, and received his permit to leave the Island. After 
submitting to the operation, the poor fellow returned to his 
quarters, an object of deep commiseration. His usually cheer- 
ful countenance wore a saddened expression, and I thought I 
saw him wipe away a tear. Said he, " I have been a happy man 
until now ; but this act has made me miserable. I am ashamed 
of myself, and can't bear the idea of going home." He justi- 
fied himself, however, on the ground of his long confinement, 
and the impaired health of his wife and child. He left at 
about 4 o'clock, with the warmest sympathies of his fellow 
prisoners — all feeling that the heart of the man was as true to 
the South as it has ever been, and that he has been driven to 
what he regarded as a disgraceful alternative, by the extremi- 
ties of the situation. Wightman is a brother to Jimmie W., 
who was released a few weeks ago, in a state of health that 
scarcely allowed him to reach home. They are both citizens 
vof Loudon Co., Va., and have suffered much by the war. 
Johnny is an amiable and obliging fellow, and will be remem- 
bered by his associates in prison, as well for these qualities, as 
for his remarkable devotion to his invalid brother. 

Had a waini bat friendly discussion, this morning, with 
Col. Duke, on the comparative success of Catholic and Protes- 
tant missions, and the modes adopted by the two churches for 
. the propagation of the Christian faith — he averring that the 



DUEESS BY FEDEKAL AUTHOEITY. 339 

Roman Catholics have far outstripped the Protestants in the 
work of evangelizing the world, and I denying the statement ; 
— he, also, urging that the Catholic priesthood have been em- 
phatically preachers of the word ; whilst Protestants have 
only obscured the truth, by circulating bad translations of the 
Bible and numerous useless tracts and books. This is not the 
place to record the several arguments elicited by the debate. 
It is only necessary to state, that the Colonel has just been 
reading an elaborate work on the subject of missions, sent him 
by his friend Bishop Wood, and that if he were only part Ro- 
manist before, he seems now to be thoroughly indoctrinated 
with the teachings of "Mother-Church." 

I had hardly concluded the talk with my friend Duke, 
before Gen. Jeff, who had just finished a gutta-percha cross, 
which he intends as a present to the Lady Suf)erior at the 
"Convent of the Sacred Heart," came down upon mo with 
some of his impassioned thrusts about the hypocrisy of the 
great mass of professing Christians, and the necessity of pur- 
gatorial punishment. The General has adopted a great 
variety of off-hand notions, which he urges vehemently, 
utterly eschewing the old maxim, " audi alteram partem.''^ 
He is certainly satisfied with himself. Among the curious 
opinions which he advances, are the following: 

All men are liars, or, which is the same thing, no man on 
earth tells the truth. 

It is impossible for a man to be a Christian without making 
restitution; and, by way of illustration, as neither Gen. Jack- 
son nor Mr. Clay made restitution before their death, the first 
being notoriously irregular in his life, and the other a great 
gambler, although they both professed to repent, and joined 
the church before they left this world, they could not possibly 
have been true Christians. 

He positively affirms that in the whole course of his life he 
has never met with but jive persons whom he regarded as real 
Christians. 



340 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

Acknowledging that he is a great sinner, and that he deserves 
punishment for guilt, he professes not to fear the issue ; that he 
is ready and willing to die at any moment, and says that when 
God shall punish him, he intends to meet it "game." 

He believes that some degree of future punishment is in- 
evitable with all; that there are no just terms upon which 
God may forgive man in this world, and that temporary pur- 
gatorial fires are prepared to purge the soul. 

In the afternoon had a conversation with Brogden, in 
regard to the salvation of the heathen. For some reason this 
subject is frequently introduced ; and the Bible teachings are 
generally repudiated. 

I am occupying a strange position among infidels, sceptics, 
free-thinkers, Universalians, and non-professors of religion. 
I am not fond of debate, and dislike to find myself in an atti- 
tude of opposition to others. My ears are constantly assailed 
with unscriptural opinions ; and suggestions are frequently 
made to draw me out. Then, I am sometimes attacked by 
several individuals at once. The mysterious doctrines of tbe 
Gosjiel are urged as illustrative of the unreliableness of the 
Word. All discussions must be outside of the Bible, and 
vain man is continually sitting in judgment upon the ways of 
God. My position is responsible. What influence I am ex- 
erting for the glory of God, may not soon be discovered. I 
feel my weakness and insufficiency, and fear that little is accom- 
plished. But I am conscious of earnestness and jealousy for 
my INIaster. I think He has given me the confidence of my 
fellow-prisoners ; they respect my feelings ; they listen to my 
words, and it may be that the " bread cast upon the waters " 
will return after many days. 

Three blank cartridges were fired from the guns on the 
parapet this afternoon. This is only the second firing siuce I 
have been at Fort Delaware. The object, I suppose, was simply 
to empty the guns. 

AYalked out for the first time since my parole was with- 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 341 

drawn. The weather being pleasant, some ten or twelve 
others availed themselves of the opportunity to get an airing. 
For a wonder, only one guard was in attendance ; he being a 
Baltimore man, and judging from his looks, one of the 
" Plugs." He was unusually watchful, and restricted us to 
very circumscribed limits, which Richardson, having unwit- 
tingly passed, was ordered back, the fellow at the moment 
putting a cartridge in his musket. 

Company Q, had an accession, last night, of thirty-three new 
men. Their whole number is now nearly four hundred. 

Ten persons at evening worship. 

Saturday, 2Qth. — We have had a stormy, disagreeable day, 
the wind blowing furiously toward the Delaware shore. Nu- 
merous vessels have been seeking shelter under the Island. 
The Erickson boat was unable to get into the mouth of the 
canal, and hauled up with the other shipping. We shall pro- 
bably hear of many wrecks on the coast. 

We have very little musical talent among the political 
prisoners. Formerly Gibson, Green, Brogden, Nelson and 
Johnson would sing a pretty good song ; but now that the first 
two have left, the others seldom regale us with an exhibition 
of their powers. Major Hammond broke out yesterday with 
some fine words, to the tune of Annie Laurie, which astonished 
the company. We had never heard him do the like before, 
and immediately sent a committee to bring him into No. 6 for 
an " encore." He persistently refused, and like some storied 
bird, singing only at distant intervals, he has probably given 
us his first and his last effort. Welsh has some talent for 
sacred music, and Tibbetts at times does tolerably well ; but for 
some reason, they never exercise their powers unless urged to 
do so. Grymes is our main dependence at worship. He is 
familiar with appropriate tunes, but sometimes gets them too 
low. Of late we seldom do more than sing the doxology. 

Lucas is the only man among us who practises instrumental 



342 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

music. He is a pretty good performer on the violin, but is 
generally so much absorbed in the prison jewelry business, that 
he seldom finds time to take the bow. Now and then, how- 
ever, he tries his hand, and thus instantly puts new life into 
the limbs of the old beaux among us, to say nothing of 
younger men. The sound of the instrument has pretty much 
the same effect upon "Judge" Rasin, as the bugle upon an 
old war-horse. The "Court" begins to move at once; his 
limbs become elastic ; head, hands, arms, legs, feet, all keep 
time to the music ; he darts over the floor with the grace of a 
Chesterfield ; the more rapidly the bow strikes, the more ani- 
mated he becomes ; every muscle quivers, and thus for fifteen 
minutes or more, he will go through the most astonishing feats 
of the terpsichoreau art. The " Judge " is fifty-seven years of 
age ; is fattening upon our prison diet ; keeps up a wonderful 
flow of spirits, and with his "break downs" and various 
industrial habits, is renewing his youth and establishing his 
health. 

Josh, the head cook below-stairs, has again altered his rule 
concerning the distribution of bread. Heretofore, in special 
cases, a person has been allowed to draw for himself and others 
of the same room. Somebody has been taking advantage of 
the privilege, and secured a greater number of loaves than his 
mess is entitled to, thus occasioning a deficiency in the general 
supply. The result is, that every man must now appear for 
himself and receive his allowance. Tibbetts has usually drawn 
for No. 6. To-day we carried our own bread, and thus, 
according to Chief Justice Marshall's rule, " that no man is 
entitled to his dinner, Avho is too proud to bear it," we made 
ourselves worthy of our loaf. 

Have received two more letters from my good friend and 
brother, Rev. B. H. McCown, of Kentucky — one yisterday, 
and the other to-day. He has also sent me, by express, a nice 
pair of calf-skin boots, and three pairs of fine woollen socks. 
One of the letters contained a small sum of money and some 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 343 

postage stamps for myself, and also a lot of stamps for Col, 
Duke. Surely, this excellent man is never weary in well- 
doing. May he reap the reward of those who " do good and 
lend, hoping for nothing again." 
A goodly number at worship. 

Sunday, 21th. — "What a long dreary day is Sunday — decid- 
edly the longest in the week ! " is the frequent exclamation of 
some of our prisoners. No jileasure, no interest whatever have 
they on the day of sacred rest. With some sense of obligation 
in regard to the impropriety of spending it precisely as they 
do other days, — for shame's sake, for ])ublic opinion's sake, or 
it may be for the sake of an absent wife, sister, or dear friend — 
the usual cards and dice are thrown aside, but there is a con- 
stant hankering after the Aveek-day amusements ; the time is 
long, and at length, when night approaches, and the weary, 
irksome hours are nearly passed, what a relief in the prospect 
of another day, or of six more Jays at " bluff," " whist," or 
"all fours." Others, less conscientious, or Math less firmness 
of character, can't hold out the full twelve hours, and the Sab- 
bath becomes as any other day. Thus it was to-day. In 
passing Number One, I discovered four persons absorbed quite 
as earnestly in their play as during the week, excusing them- 
selves, no doubt, like Chesterfield, who, in his old age, sought 
" to hill time the best way he could." 

Another very objectionable method of getting rid of the 
monotony of the Sabbath, resorted to by several of our number, 
is in novel reading. Sometimes the whole day is thus occu- 
pied. Nothing else will interest. Even the religious news- 
papers are eschewed, sometimes under the plea (with too much 
truth) of their being tilled with politics and abuse of the South ; 
but more especially on account of the heart-searching character 
of some articles by more moderate and godly men. Frequently 
the day is spent in loud and boisterous conversation, in rcLiting 
anecdotes, in stories of battle-^, in discussing, the movemci.ts 



344 UNITED STATES BONDS; OE 

of the armies, or the policy of the two Governments, or the 
character and abilities of prominent men — anything save the 
one great matter so pre-eminently appropriate to the day of 
God. There are exceptions to the general rule. Occasionally 
a man will lay aside his cards on Sunday, read a chapter or 
two in the Bible, and in his general behavior through the day 
show, that he has not been entirely devoid of religious train- 
ing. For weeks past there has been no eall for preaching; on 
the contrary, the majority manifest opposition. At the evening 
services, which are continued as a matter of course, there are 
seldom more than a dozen present, and often not more than 
five or six. When I enter No. 2 with my Bible, it is not 
uncommon for careless ones to walk out, to avoid the worship. 
Prayers and card-playing are frequently going on at the same 
time in neighboring rooms. I have no evidence of personal 
opposition. On the contrary, I am treated with consideration 
and respect by all in the house. It is simply indifference, or 
aversion to the truth. The feeling prevails that a prison is no 
place for religion. Chafed by confinement, the heart is aroused 
to extreme vindictiveness against oppressors, and the mind 
contemplating modes of retaliation, there seems to be no place 
left for religious sentiment — no purpose of good in the soul. 

Was glad to have the opportunity for a temperance talk 
with sundry persons not so averse as myself to the use of 
alcoholic drinks. Had some advantage over my competitoi'S, 
I think, from a perfect familiarity -with the whole subject, the 
result of diligent investigation in days long gone by. If Jeff. 
Thompson agreed with me, in the argument, it was not 
because he intended to make any practical use of his correct 
judgment. He avers that he was never so happy as when 
under the influence of liquor ; ho then " felt himself to be the 
greatest man in the world ; " he was, also, the " most agreeable 
man iii all creation." This last he knew to be true, because 
coming home, on a certain occasion, pretty full of the 
" ardent," he had a great romp on the parlor floor with the 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 345 

children, who were so delighted that, when leaving them to go 
up town, they innocently inquired, " Father, won't you come 
back again tight f^' The sum and substance of it is, that 
although the simple question of his little children drove him 
for months from his glass, and his j)resent position as a General 
requires that he should abstain, he intends — he jokingly 
remarks — to " resume the habit as soon as he is forty years of 
age, and is determined to keep drunk all the time." 

After the usual evening services, which were pretty well 
attended (having addressed the company on the nature and 
importance of regeneration,) retired to my room, and had 

a long and earnest conversation with R , who can see no 

evidence of a future state in the Old Testament, nor any wisdom 
in the doctrine of salvation by a crucified Redeemer. The 
talk was conducted in good spirit on his part, and with a real 
desire, I think, to know the truth. We continued the conver- 
sation until near midnight, and I turned to sleep, leaving him 
still up, Bible in hand. 

Monday, 28^A. — We had an unusual excitement, this morn- 
ing, caused by the arrival of three hundred and thirty-three 
Confederate officers, some sixty of whom belong to Morgan's 
command, and directly from the Ohio Penitentiary. The 
others are from Camp Chase. Among the number are Gen. 
Vance, of North Carolina, and Col. Dick, and Capt. Charlton 
Morgan, brothers of the General. The inmates of No. 1 were 
ordered to vacate their room immediately, and to occupy No. 
3, the object being the accommodation of certain superior 
officers. A general disorder ensued — the discomfited movers 
complaining on account of their loss by the exchange — No. 3 
being a side room, and considerably smaller than the one to be 
left. The white-washers and scourers were soon at work, and 
the vacated room was ready in double-quick time. It was late, 
however, before No. 3 could be in order. Difficulties arose 
about a stove, which led to unpleasant words with No. 4, and 



346 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

which was after awhile settled by an exchange of stoves between 
No. 1 and No. 3. Four officers, at length, made their appear- 
ance, and took possession of their quarters, with a wet floor. 
Three of the new-comers are Captains, and one a Lieutenant. 
Tlieir names are Cunningham, Coombs, Croxton and Taylor. 
Civilities were offered by the old occupants of the prison ; but 
the strangers informed us that they were under parole not to 
communicate with us, and as they seemed shy, and reserved, 
they were shortly left to themselves, and their own reflections. 
Col. Duke coming up in the afternoon, stated that the four 
strangers were all Kentuckians, and that they were pre- 
paring to ^' galvanized The pleasure anticipated from their 
accession was not realized, and little has since been heaid or 
seen of the party. 

My wife has returned from Baltimore, having failed to 
secure a personal interview with the " Commission," but not 
without considerable information from Col. Purnell, who com- 
municated with the Judges, and reported to her accordingly. 
She learns that the man who informed against me was Snyder, 
and that he endeavored to make the most unfavorable impres- 
sion, by representing me as the most violent man in tlie prison; 
and that I had been a regular mail agent for the South, and 
had shown Shanks the way to run the blockade. My wife, 
also, states that through some strange misapprehension, the 
Judges had gotten the impression that I am now Milling to 
take the oath of allegiance. Perhaps the technical, and literal 
response to their late letter of inquiry suggested the conclu-ion. 
Nothing, however, was farther from my mind. Had I not 
deferred to the advice of some around me, and followed the 
bent of my inclination by inserting only a clause or two as it 
ref^ards my personal feelings, there M'ould have been no mis- 
understanding. My only remedy now, is a letter of explana- 
tlon, which I have already addressed to Col. Purnell. 

Prayers at the usual hour, and but few in attendance. 
Quite a crowd in our room to-night. Got to bed late, Avith a 
mind ill at rest. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 347 

Tuesday, 2dth. — Our troubles with the bed-bugs continue 
at intervals. Sometimes we are annoyed beyond measure. 
If the room is a little too much heated, the very moment the 
light is extinguished, they begin to work. Scores of little 
fellows, too minute to be caught in the dark, but severe biters, 
infest the hands, whether under cover or not, and produce a 
burning sensation, almost intolerable, and the larger ones will 
drop from the holes and cracks in the bunks above, upon the 
face and neck; and with their crawling, biting, and unpleasant 
odor drive away sleep, and make night miserable. Last night 
I had a dreadful time. I had hardly gotten into bed, before 
one of the most disagreeable of the species fell upon my upper 
lip near the bridge of the nose, and gave me a most unpleasant 
prelude to the trials of the night. Things are getting too bad; 
we shall have to make a raid into the enemy's country, and try 
the effects of steam and turjsentine ; or at least we will scald 
them with hot water, and seal them in the lurking places with 
daubings of soap. 

A second letter from my wife, since her return from Balti- 
more, assures me, that Snyder's report before the " Commis- 
sion " was instrumental in protracting my imprisonment. 

Another letter states that Snyder has been passing himself 
off in Delaware as one of my particular friends, and soli- 
citing funds in behalf of himself and "suffering associ- 
ates." By reading my " Lines on the Old Flag " to a lady in 
Newcastle, he so aroused her sympathy that she gave him 
Fifty Dollars, with which he made off, and has not been heard 
of since. 

Since the arrival of the Confederate officers, there is an 
evident increase of watchfulness on the part of the Island 
authorities. The number of guards has been increased ; certain 

1 This man was regarded as such a nuisance, that long before he left the 
Fort, few pei-sons had anything to do Willi him. Nearly the whole time he 
was ill prison, he was the subject of a loathsome disease, which was often 
unblushingly exposed. He represented himself as a member of some Vir- 
ginia Regiment, and was thought for a while to be from that State. It, after- 
wards, appeared that lie was from Pt-nusylvania, and shortly before he left, it 
was generally believed, that he was a prison spy. 



348 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR 

lights, which have not been noticed heretofore, have been hung 
out in the sally-port ; and an order has been issued, directing 
that lights in the rooms be extinguished as early as nine o'clock. 
There is reason also to believe that we have another spy among 
us, and a conversation which took place a few nights ago about 
a plan of escape during the late storm, came to the knowledge 
of the authorities. 

The inmates of Number 7 have been entertainins; them- 
selves for a few days past with sundry tricks, very good 
humored ly played upon one another, and which they have 
quite as pleasantly received, notwithstanding the coal and wood 
which some of them found between their blankets or under 
their pillows. Rasin and Joice were not quite so amiable, 
to-day, when after hurrying through the passage, and down 
the entire flight of stairs into the kitchen, they found that 
some one had made the call for dinner, half an hour before the 
time, only to see them returning, and to laugh at their dis- 
appointment. The " Court " was especially chagrined, and 
threatened boisterously for a time ; but he soon recovered, and 
■^fter the laugh was fully over, he was ready to avenge him- 
ielf by any legitimate method, suggested by his own mischiev- 
dUB and inventive mind. 

We met at the usual hour in No. 2, for the worship of God. 
The little company could at least rejoice in the promise, which 
has for ages encouraged the assembled few, viz : " Where two 
or three are gathered together in My name, there I will be in 
the midst of them, and that to bless them." 

As I close this, the storm is howling around the bastions, 
and old Eolus whistles about the bars of our long and narrow 
window. The poor sailors will have a hard time, to-night. 
Many vessels will be driven on the straid, and the tale of to- 
morrow will be a sad one for feeling hearts. It is cold, indeed, 
but I trust the five thousand men, who are lying upon their 
hard bunks at the barracks, are now sufficiently well clad to 
sleep soundly, and dream sweetly of distant friends and home. 



DimESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 349 

Wednesday, SOth. — The supply of coal is exhausted, and 
our Island fires are suffering. In some of the quarters, the 
stoves have been out of use for twenty-four hours. If it had 
not been for a small bucket full, clandestinely obtained by 
Richardson from No. 1, and for which he accuses me of giving 
him absolution, we might this morning have gone without a 
breakfast, or at least have been minus our cup of coffee. As 
it was, ten o'clock found us still in bed, and it was nearly one 
o'clock before the table was cleared and out of the floor. 

We had not yet seated ourselves for breakfast, before we 
were favored with a visit from Gen. Vance, now quartered 
with Gen. Thompson and Col. Duke, in the interior of the 
Fort. In the course of the day. Col. Dick Morgan came up — 
he also being of their mess. We found both of these gentle- 
men to be very pleasant in conversation, and were gratified 
with the opportunity of making their acquaintance. Three 
other officers have obtained paroles, viz : Col. Ward, of Ten- 
nessee, and Cols. Coleman and Tucker, of Kentucky, who 
have been assigned to a room adjoining the Generals' mess. 
We shall probably see them to-day or to-morrow. 

Dr. Stone called in, to look after his jiatients. All of his 
vaccine eases have resulted favorably, except my own ; or, 
rather, they have all sore arms, except myself. More than 
forty-five years ago, the virus left me with well defined pits on 
each arm, and I am now regarded as impervious to the disease. 
Thorn is still much " under the weather," and Brogden is again 
complaining. But there is generally no lack of sick men, when 
the doctor comes ; and his presence is always greeted with 
pleasure. If no one is ill, there are sure to be some whose 
health would seem to require a bottle of " spirits." The good 
natured physician ordered this popular medicine for two of my 
room-mates, to-day; the one complains of cough and debility, 
and the other requires a little gin, for his kidneys' sake. 
There has been so much abuse of this privilege, that all pre- 
scriptions of the kind must now be countersigned by Captain 



350 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Ahl. Even with this precaution, the sutler is doing a driving 
business ; and there is a sufficiently free circulation of " the 
ardent" to make occasional gay times on the Island, both 
among the " Rebs," and the "Yanks." 

A scene of gymnastics was witnessed, this afternoon, in the 
passage, which brought out a number of spectators, and aroused 
a deep interest, not only on the part of several amateurs in the 
art of pugilism, but stirring, also, the blood of some who would 
repudiate the low fisticuffs of a Hyer, or a Heenan. We were 
shaken with the most convulsive laughter — ah imo pectore ; and 
presently, when our risibles had become measurably composed, 
\ve were ready to extend a vote of thanks to the bold athletes, 
who had so graciously concentrated into half an hour, the full 
benefit of several days' bodily exercise. For this episode, we 
were indebted to Nelson,^ M'ho borrowed a set of boxing gloves 
from Co. Q. Placing a pair of them in the hands of Pearson, 
he challenged him for a fight. They both professed some 
knowledge of the art of " self-defence," and being pretty well 
matched as to height, and length of arms, the boxing com- 
menced. It soon appeared, that Pearson was the more scien- 
tific man of the two ; and Nelson being, also, considerably 
lighter than the other, he presently gave way, stepping back- 
wards tlie whole length of the long passage, each pommelling 
the other with a rapid hand, until both were quite out of 
breath. 

Welsh (or " Reddy," as we usually call him) came forward, 
to attack tlie champion. Pearson stood, at least, a head above 
him, and his arms were longer, by several inches. " Reddy " 
had the disadvantage, too, of being a novice in the use of 
gloves. Nothing daunted, however, and with an ardor char- 
acteristic of red-haired people, he dashed into the affi'ay; 
knocked and pelted his antagonist, and with the rapidity of a 
broken wheel, striking here and there with unchecked velocity, 

1 The true name of this person was not known to any one but myself. A t 
the time of his capture, he assumed the name of the iiev. Dr. Nelson, of St. 
Louis. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 351 

he mashed the cushions, first upon the breast, then upon the 
shoulder, and anon upon the head and face of his antagonist. 
Pearson, more deliberate, stood off, struck quick and sure, 
hitting right and left, upon Welsh's head, and sent him stag- 
gering away, completely out of breath, and wholly unable to 
renew the contest. 

And now came the tug of war, between David and 
Goliah. " Old Sussex," (Capt. Long), game to the back-bone, 
rough and ready, vr.ld as a bull, wholly unused to gloves, and 
ere he had adjusted them upon his hands, rushed forward, 
with an impetuous confidence, which astonished the spectators. 
Pearson, still firm, fended off; made scientific passes, darted 
his long arms, with the speed of lightning, into the face, 
and over the ears of the "Sussexer," who, notwithstand- 
ing a sore nose covered with a coat of iodine, persistently 
continued the assault ; and now changing his tactics, bent 
down, plun;:r d forward, and sticking his head into the abdo- 
men of his Goliah, there held fast — pelting right and 
left, " ursiiiht and unseen," into the face, and upon the 
nose and eyes of the stalwart six-footer, who had defied the 
ring. It was a game, in which science lost. Little David, un- 
trained, and yet persistent, bore away the palm with unbroken 
breath. Both, however, were for a few hours, the worse for 
the fight ; for Long had gotten a considerable bruise on the 
foreJiead, and Pearson in his efforts to conquer three men, was 
brought to bay with headache, and short breath. 

What folly I may have committed, in writing the above! 
but my five noble boys will not mistake. They know, too well, 
their father's aversion to every species of rowdyism, and will 
receive the description as one of the few prison incidents, which 
gave him a good laugh, and for which he felt decidedly better 
for some hours afterwards. 

Through carelessness, forgetful ness, or design, Cunningham 
has neglected to take the letters out of the box ; thus occasion- 
ing the loss of a whole day, and perhaps of two, in their trans- 



352 tJNITED STATES BONDS) OE 

mission. I regret it, particularly on account of an important 
communication, which I wished my wife to get without delay. 
This " lance-sergeant " has our mail facilities entirely too much 
in his own hands. He has ordered the letters to be put in the 
box, to be taken out early in the morning. They are seldom 
removed, however, until near noon ; and sometimes, not until 
the afternoon mail is distributed. He has, also, been known 
to carry letters in his pockets, for days ; and has thus sub- 
jected some of the prisoners to great inconvenience, for the 
want of funds enclosed. 

Had a letter from Miss M. N. Smith, of Baltimore, a 
benevolent young lady, who informs me that she has sent me 
a box of clothing and edibles, furnished by herself and some 
of my "cousins." 

Our little band still steadfast in prayer. 

Thursday, Slst. — ^Ye have been without coal, all day, and 
have been obliged to make out the best we could Avith a few 
sticks of wood, obtained from' the kitchen. Fortunately fcr 
us, the weather is not so cold as it has been. Although we 
have experienced inconvenience, we have not suffered much. 
Yet we regard it as strange, that the island should be allowed 
to be without fuel, when it may be so easily procured. 

The strangers in No. 1 are keeping themselves remarkably 
close. Their door is always shut, except when passing in or 
out; they seldom exchange words with us; and they look like 
men who are ashamed or afraid. They have paroles of the 
island; but seem to make very little use of them, except at 
night, when they appear to be visiting among the Yankees. 
Preparations are being made to block up the stairway with a 
door — probably with a view to keeping out the Confederate 
officers, whose passing to and fro may not be agreeable to the 
" galvanized " men, now that they are not on speaking terms. 

A very large steamer has hauled up at Delaware City, 
which we hope may be a transport takitig in coal, preparatory 
to receiving a load of prisoners for exchange. 



LUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 353 

Brogden's health is failing fast. He needs the open air 
and suitable exercise. A few more months of imprisonment 
would probably bring him to an early grave. 

The representatives at evening worship, were Grymes May- 
nadier, Drummond, Devitt and myself. Major Rasin, who "is 
very regular in his attendance, was absent to-night. Devitt 
though not a Christian, is seldom absent-a pleasant record' 
perhaps, for his father, who is a Presbyterian elder. 



XL 

Apeil. 

i^nc?ay,l,^.-_"All Fools Day!" Could the world have 
ooked in upon our prison, to-day, perhaps we would all have 
been considered fools, sure enough. It is astonishing, what an 
mterest grown men, aged men, wise men, will take in the 
merest trifles, when shut out from their accustomed duties, and 
avocations. The passing of every vessel upon the river' the 
arrangement of every new detail of men, every arrival every 
sound of a gun, the receipt of a box, the opening of a letter, a 
discussion, a change, a rumor, anything and everything will 
attract attention, relieve the monotony, or give a moment of 
pleasure. The man that can tell the best anecdote, or crack 
the best joke, is the person whose society is most sought, and 
who really do. s most to while away the tedium of the long 
and dreary hours. 

^ The business of April fooling commenced, before the 
lumates of No. 6 were out of bed. Nelson, whose voice is 
generally heard before that of anybody else, was delighting 
himself, at an early hour, with his success at deceiving several 
around him. Others had - caught " him, also ; and after break- 
23 



354 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

fast, I could not resist the opportunity to play a little trick 
upon him myself. The morning papers were seen dangling 
from the coat-tails, or placards were found upon the backs of 
unconscious ones. False calls were made ; mysterious vessels 
were seen upon the river ; and many a "sell" Avas effected, to 
the amusement of the by-standers. But the best joke of the 
day turned upon myself. 

I was earnestly engaged in conversation, with Brogden and 
others, explaining a certain scripture in the 38th of Jeremiah, 
in regard to the conduct of the prophet in withholding a part 
of the truth — when a man from Company Q came in, bearing 
a box, and calling for "Dr. Handy." I received the box, 
thanked the porter, and returned to my talk. By this time, 
a number of persons had congregated in the room; and having 
finished what I had to say, I very unsuspectingly approached 
the box, and examined the marks — discussing, in my own 
mind, whether it came from Baltimore, or Philadelphia, as I 
had received intimation of two boxes that were on the way — 
and this being not such, as to size or weight, as I expected, 
I was the more perplexed, and hesitated the longer, before 
opening it. My mind was still on the conversation in which 
I had just been engaged, and the restrained smiles of the 
several visitors entirely escaped my notice. Beginning, at 
length, to open the box, I took from it, first, a second-hand 
gray shirt ; and proceeding downwards, the character of the 
articles grew more and more mysterious. I was just exclaim- 
ing "what in the world ," as I put my hand upon a large 

bundle of old rags ; and it was not until this moment, that I 
saw I was "sold." Nelson being the first to shout, I instantly 
suspected him of being the father of the joke. The whole 
company was now in an ecstacy. The laugh became uproari- 
ous. I had immediately jjounced upon Nelson, and enjoying 
the fun, myself, chased him around the room, at the toe of 
my boot — anon shaking him lustily. Everybody screamed, 
clapped, and, I verily believe, some cried with delight. It 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 355 

was a scene for a Hogarth. Every man who witnessed it will 
remember It for years to come. It turned out, after all, that 
Nelson had nothmg to do with the matter. The whole thin^ 
had been concocted by Tibbetts, who knew that I was anxi- 
ously expecting a couple of boxes. Both he, and his convict 
accomplice, performed their parts well-for nobody would 
have dreamed, from their straight countenances, that they had 
the slightest idea of mischief. A Latin poet has written Duloe 
et decorum ed desipere in loco; and a wiser and better than he 
has said. There Is a time to laugh." 

^ We were disappointed, to-day, In not having our usual 
vis.ts from Generals Thompson, Yance and Duke; and 
instead of making the acquaintance of Cols. Coleman and 
lucker, the whole party received an order, forbidding all 
intercourse with the political prisoners. No reason is asslo-ned • 
but the "galvanized" officers, in No. 1, are supposed to be In 
some way at the bottom of It. 

Lieut. Russel, of South Carolina, who was formerly with 
us as an officer, and who had reported himself to avoid the 
sufferings, during the cold weather of last winter, is now at 
the^ guard-house. In special duress. He has, also, been 
noticed at labor with the convicts. No one has been able to 
learn what is the matter. It Is a strange thing, and Is arous- 
mg curiosity. It Is reported that he is not an officer, and is 
punished for trying to pass as such. Others say, he Is suffer- 
ing a penalty for having reported the cases of certain prisoners 
who were frozen to death. All these are rumors; but has 
the man been m the guard-house, ever since he left us In 
January ? We would like to know. 

A magnificent Drummond light has been erected on the 
westbankof the Island, In front of the barracks, and in the 
direction of the Delaware shore. It is capable of illuminating 
the water, and bank, for a space of one hundred yards In clr- 
cumference-another precautionary measure, adopted since the 
arrival of the Confederate officers. 



356 UNITED STATES BONDS; O.E 

Saturday, 2d. — " Commissary " Tibbetts has done a great 
work to-day, in the way of scouring. Refusing to receive 
help from Brogden, Richardson, or myself, he has shouldered 
the whole responsibility, and with Welsh as his right hand 
man, the room has been put in the best possible order. Our 
floor is now sweet and clean ; and the table, benches, and 
bunks are beautifully white — reminding one of neat house- 
keeping in the rural districts. 

The four galvanized officers, all, seem to have some special 
tie to the U. S. Government. Cunningham, it appears, was 
formerly an appointee of President Buchanan, in Washington 
Territory. lie has now been released, to return to the scene of 
his former duties. Croxton is a brother of a Colonel in the 
Federal army. Coombs is a nephew of Gen. Leslie Coombs, 
of Kentucky. 

I have learned that Snyder handed my lines on the flag, to 
a private in Ahl's battery; that others have copied them; 
and that they have now become pretty well known in the Fort. 

Yesterday, Brogden, very unexpectedly, obtained a parole 
of the island, from Gen. Schoepf, who expressed concern 
about his health, and great satisfaction at the prospect of 
his speedy exchange. To-day, he learns from Gen. Vance, 
that my parole is to be restored ; and that I shall be allowed 
the privilege of preaching to the ' Confederate officers. This 
information, General Vance obtained from the Commandant 
himself. I shall be happy to accept it, especially with a view 
to service, and intercourse, with our brave soldiers. 

Another stormy, disagreeable day. As I now write (10 
P. M.,) the wind blows towards the Delaware shore, and the 
night is dark, and rainy. 

Richardson, and Maynadier have been occupied, all the 
evening, by our bright, quiet table. Shanks has now come in, 
and monopolizes Fremantle's '' Three Months in the Confede- 
racy," which I have baen reading,' during the day, with great 
interest, and would like to finish. Tibbetts' day's work has 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 357 

driven him to his pallet, and Brogden is finding his amuse- 
ment in No. 7. 

The number at prayers is holding firm at half a dozen. 

Sunday, 3fZ. — At about ten o'clock this morning, a mes- 
senger came to the doer, with an order from Gen. Schoepf, for 
" Dr. Handy to call at his office." Immediately complying 
with the order, I found Gen. Vance had preceded me, and 
was awaiting my arrival, in conversation with the Comman- 
dant, and Capt. A hi. They were talking about an arrange- 
ment for preaching, at the barracks. After a little pleasantry, 
in which I was cautioned not to encourage escapes, and to do 
what I could to " convert " the Rebels, Gen. Schoepf handed 
me a parole of the island, with permission to be out " from 
reveille, to retreat." Accompanying Gen. Vance to his quarters, 
we there agreed upon 4 o'clock P. M., as a suitable hour for 
service. 

At the appointed hour I walked over to the place of preach- 
ing, accompanied by Generals Thompson and Vance, Colonels 
Duke, Coleman, Morgan, Tucker and Ward, and Lieut. Smith, 
a young officer on the staff of Gen. Vance. No jjrevious notice 
had been given, and two services had already been held during 
the morning and afternoon. All seemed ready, however, for 
another sermon, and preparations were made immediately, by 
circulating the notice and arranging the seats. The " division " 
to be used was that occupied by the officers of Morgan's com- 
mand, lately from the Ohio Penitentiary. In a very short time 
the apartment was entirely filled — benches, bunks, and every 
available standing-place — with intelligent and noble looking 
young men. I was introduced to the assembly by the Rev. Mr. 
Sam ford, a " Rebel " captain, who being a Methodist minister, is 
officiating as chaplain to Morgan's Brigade. I have not had 
such an audience since I have been on the Island ; and for 
intelligence and fine appearance, and all males, not for many 
a day past. I preached about three quarters of an hour, on 



358 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

the desperate wickedness of the heart. The attention was pro- 
found to the last moment. Not a sing-le man left durinir 
the sermon, nor did the slightest interruption occur. It was a 
decidedly pleasant time ; and I thank God for the ojiportuuity 
of proclaiming the truths of His Word to a congregation so 
unusually interesting. 

After preaching, a number of officers came forward, seeking 
introduction through Gen. Vance and Col. Duke ; others had 
been introduced before the services. Among those whose ac- 
quaintance I had the pleasure of forming, were Major Bullock, 
brother of the Rev. Dr. Bullock, of Baltimore; Major Steel, 
son-in-law of Rev. Dr. R. J. Breckinridge ; ]\Iajor Kilgore, Ad- 
jutant-general on the staflPof General Ector, of Texas; Major 
Lamar Fontaine, the reputed author of " All Quiet along the 
Potomac;" Capt. Charlton and Col. Dick Morgan, brothers to 
the General, besides various others whose names I cannot now 
recall. One young man held me very cordially by the hand, 
stating that he had recently had a good deal of affliction, and 
that he had experienced a change of heart during his imprison- 
ment at Columbus. He also requested an opportunity for a 
private interview as soon as convenient. 

The quarters occupied by these officers, with the buildings 
and fence, constitute a sort of Pen, with an area of about 
two acres. The long side of the building and the parallel 
fence are each about 300 feet, running east and west ; and the two 
ends are severally about half that length. The Campus is low 
and flat, and at this time quite mudily from the recent rains. 
Intersecting walks, constructed of planks, are arranged at proper 
distances, and add greatly to the comfort of those who would 
seek exercise in bad weather. The quarters seem to be ample 
for the present number of prisoners, the bunks wide and com- 
fortable, and the "divisions" well heated. One large stove 
appears to be sufficient for the shelter occupied by the Morgan 
men. 

By request of Capt. Samford, notice was given that I would 



• - DTJEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY, 359 

preach, Deo volente, at the same place, at 10 o'clock on next 
Sabbath. 

Our usual evening services were held in No. 2, with an 
increased attendance. Oinitted the lecture; read a chapter; 
made a few practical remarks ; had one hymn ; and closed with 
the doxology, sung in a standing position. 

Monday, Ath. — Have been making good use of my parole. 
Made two trips around the Island — one this morning in com- 
pany with Brogden, and the other in the afternoon with Gen. 
Vance. 

I find Gen. Vance to be a very quiet, pleasant man, and a 
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He tells me, that 
his father was a ruling elder in connection with the Presbytery 
of Holston, and that his paternal ancestors were all Presbyter- 
ians. He speaks in terms of great respect for his father, whom 
he lost when about sixteen years of age, and mentions with 
feeling the coincidence of his capture on the twentieth anni- 
versary of his death. The General was born in 1826, and is, 
therefore, nearly thirty-six years of age, but (without gray hairs) 
looking somewhat older. He has a modest blue eye and a 
staid, settled visage, with an occasional smile, showing a good 
set of teeth, under his long brown moustache. His forehead, 
though not broad or high, is sufficiently well chiseled ; and 
his head is thinly covered with dark hair, of a deeper color 
than his moustache. His frame is rather muscular, his height 
medinm, and he is a rapid walker, stooping slightly forward 
as he moves.-^ 

The General says, that one of the greatest difficulties he 
has had to contend with, as a Christian, since his connection 
with the army, is the pressure in regard to the use of intoxica- 
ting liquors. The custom is so universal, that an officer who 

1 Gen. Vance was commissioned in the Spring of 1S62, and distinguished 
himself on the bloody field of Mnrfreesboro. He made himself useful in Ten- 
nessee, by harassing "the enera j', and driving off fat hogs for the use of Bragg's 
army. He was captured under peculiar c'rcumstances, Jan, 1864. He is now a 
representative in Congress at Washington. 



360 TTlflTED STATES BONDS) OR 

■would resist the temptation, is regarded not only as singular, 
but as gniltj of a sort of ostentatious pi( ty. He mentioned 
an instance, when in the presence of General (Bishop) Polk, 
and other distinguished officers, his resolution was put to the 
severest test, but in which he was enabled to maintain his 
accustomed abstinence. 

An escaped convict (Company Q,), who has been absent six 
months, and wdio has been wandering in Maine and elsewhere, 
was caught at Wilmington, and brought back to the Fort, to- 
day. He will probably have to pay the penalty of his folly, 
by a term of service in the cells, Avith the ball and chain upou 
his leg. During the earlier months of my imprisonment, it 
w^as common to notice the convicts, both inside and outside 
of the Fort, ccrrving; balls and chains of divers w^eio;hts and 
lengths. At one time there were no less than a score of men, 
going to and fro with these badges of opposition to shoulder 
straps and Uncle Sam. Now, for some unannounced reason, 
the balls have been entirely laid aside, and not a prisoner is to 
be seen with these instruments of torture. 

Visited the Federal Chaplains, and was pleasantly received. 
They have an arduous work, and I think w^ould have no ob- 
jection to some new field of labor. The duties of Chaplain, 
either hospital or post, are very self-sacrificing, requiring good 
health, tact, and a heart earnest in the work. 

Better attendance at Avorship. Our table surrounded until 
late Avith neighbors, Avho are more pleased with our light than 
their oaa'u. 

Tuesday, 5t7i. — The paroled officers have received orders 
not to visit the barracks, nor the apartment of the political 
prisoners. Should they desire to see any of tlieir brother offi- 
cers, there must be a special permit. The privilege of attend- 
ding Avorship, yesterday, Avas an indulgence supervening the 
order. 

Paroles have been extended to Captains Charlton Morgan 



DURESS BY FEDERAL ATTTHOEITY. 361 

and Hart Gibson, who have moved into the interior of the 
Fort, and have joined the mess of Generals Vance, Thompson, 
and others. 

The two Morgans are sprightly, dashing young men, sol- 
dierly in their bearing, of easy manners, and quite sensible 
and communicative. Dick, who is the older of the two, is not 
more than twenty-seven years of age. Charlton may be a year 
or two younger. The latter, though fluent and interesting in 
conversation, has a catching or drawing- in of the breath, Mdiich 
may be caused by a wound received in the breast at the battle 
of Shiloh. 

Col. Morgan tells me, that my sermon on Sabbath after- 
noon was well received; but that there was some abatement, 
on account of the entire absence of allusions to my political 
sympathies. He approved of my caution, however, as did most 
of those who heard me. 

Capt. Charlton gave me an account of a recent interview 
with a colporteur, who had been visiting the barracks as a 
professed minister of Jesus Christ. Morgan received him 
kindly; but called his attention to his singularly inconsistent 
course, in circulating the most rabid sort of ex parte papers, 
some of them being decorated with highly colored drawings 
of the United States flag. The man seemed to have no idea 
of the offence he was offering, nor of the utter impossibility 
of reaching the hearts of Southern prisoners by such politico- 
religious documents. 

Capt. Morgan also gave me a brief, but interesting account 
of the indignities perpetrated upon the officers of his Brigade 
in the Ohio Penitentiary. Among other things, he said 
they were all stripped stark naked, and scrubbed by a negro 
man, who used a hard brush ; and that the same water was 
used for twenty or thirty persons. When Gen. Morgan was 
scoured, the women of the establishment gathered about the 
windows, and witnessed the whole operation, as he stood in the 
wash-tub. It was also common for females to come into the 



362 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

room, without the least reserve, when the men would be stand- 
ing in their drawers, or lying, half naked, in their beds. 
Meriou, the Penitentiary turnkey, according to the Captain, 
is the son of convict parents, and prides himself in being an 
Atheist. Once, when a prisoner requested the use of a Bible, 
is was peremptorily refused. The prisoners were not allowed 
public religious services, even on the Sabbath. 

Col. Duke affirms, that it was common to force the officers 
into a foul dungeon, known as the " sweat box," and that 
for the most trifling offiiuces, such as speaking to a brother 
officer at table, or asking one to hand the bread or salt. 
Such was the effi^ct of confinement in the horrid "sweat-box," 
that prisoners would sometimes partially lose their reason, and 
would emerge from confinement with their hands and fingers 
bloody, from scratching the stone walls; and it was not 
uncommon for a prisoner, on coming out into the open air, to 
throw up the entire contents of the stomach. Merion's cru- 
elties were so intolerable, that almost every prisoner has sworn 
vengeance against him; and it was a subject of constant con- 
versation, as to what methods of torture it would be best to 
inflict upon him, should he ever fall into their hands. Col. 
Duke thinks, that this miserable and wicked man had begun 
to experience the fires of Hell in his own bosom, even b^^fore 
the prisoners left — as he was, evidently, suffering with the most 
terrible apprehensions. 

Gen. Thompson has been busy, all day, opening boxes, and 
assorting various articles of clothing, and provisions, forwarded 
by benevolent parties, intended for himself and others. Gen. 
Vance Avas also the recipient of a lot of shoes, designed by 
Northern sympathizers for their Southern friends. 

" Judge " Rasin met with a very disagreeable contretemps 
this afternoon, in the return of a letter, in which he had 
expressed himself very freely concerning a Federal official, 
in Baltimore. A note accompanying the Lttcr, informed him, 
that should the offence be repeated, he would be j)laced in close 



DUEESS BY FEDBEAL AUTHOEITY. 363 

confinement. The "Judge" is now rather hors du combat. Here- 
tofore, he has wielded heavy weapons, in this way, against 
some, of the Baltimore " plunderers in high places," and espe- 
cially upon the robber Fish, and his coadjutors; but, happening 
this time to push his arms against a more popular magnate, 
the authorities concluded he was carrying the joke too far — 
hence the sudden and threatening ^inaZe. 

The papers, of to-day, bring cheering news, in regard to 
the prospect of a speedy and general exchange. To the pris- 
oners, of every class, there is no subject of more interest than 
this. The delay is very trying to all ; but the " State " or 
" political prisoners," are especially annoyed, as they are 
altogether uncertain, in relation to their status in the eye of 
the government. As citizens, and sufferers for the cause, 
they feel that they have a claim for protection ; but never 
observing the slightest notice of this class of prisoners, in any 
newspaper announcements, or in any proposed plans of the 
Commissioners, they, sometimes, fear they may be forgotten. 

I have received a copy of the True Witness, of Louisville, 
Ky., in which the cases of Rev. Dr. Armstrong, and E.ev. Mr. 
Wiugfield, are referred to by the editor, with appropriate sym- 
pathy, and reprehension for the cruelties practised by Gen. 
Butler at Norfolk. God grant that the press everywhere may 
be awakened, by a sense of the enormity in these cases; and as 
chroniclers of the times, repudiate this wickedness on the part 
of rulers, in a Christian land. 

We have had another day of wind and rain; at this hour 
(10 P. M.) the storm continues, with no j)rospect of abate- 
ment through the night. A collision took place on the river, 
this afternoon, in full view from our window. A brig, at 
anchor, was run into by a bai-que — the former losing her bow- 
sprit and jib-boom, thus, in sailor parlance, making a "buf- 
falo " of her, in an instant. 

Wednesday, Qth, — Had another tour around the island, 



364 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

with Gen. Vance. He expressed considerable anxiety about 
Capt. Wright, of Alabama, a friend who junij)ed oif the cars, 
as the officers were coming from Camp Chase to this place. 
It was a little singular, that the escape of this officer was not 
noticed until yesterday. He was standing by Gen. Vance 
when he made tlie leap. 

Col. James F. Brewer, who made his escape from the 
island, some time last June, by swimming the river on a 
board, is again a prisoner at the barracks. He was carried by 
the tide about twelve miles up the Delaware, but landed in 
safety, and made his way to the army, in time to take part in 
the battle of Gettysburg. He has seen fit, since his return to 
his old quarters, to remain incog., passing himself off as a 
cousin to himself. 

Gen. Sehoepf has had a social interview, to-day, with the 
paroled officers, and was in conversation Avith them for a full 
hour, in Welsh's (the sutler's) private room. A good deal of 
pleasantry passed between them ; and the General expressed 
himself very decidedly, in regard to his constant purpose to 
treat the prisoners with kindness, and due consideration. He 
hoped, that should he ever be taken prisoner, ho might fall 
into the hands of Gen. Morgan, and his officers, from whom 
he would expect the very best treatment — just such as he 
had bestowed, upon those of them who had fallen into his own 
hands. He told Col. Duke, that Gen. Morgan was not worth 
much without Jiim; and that he intended to keep him as long 
as he could. The parties were mutually pleased ; and the 
interview closed with the social glass, the General imposing 
certain reasonable injunctions in regard to the conversation. 

Several new orders were issued, at evening parade, restrict- 
ing the prisoners to certain bounds, and requiring all to make 
both ingress and egres-i through the sally-port. The postern- 
gate is not now to be used by prisoners ; and the " convicts " 
are not to be allowed to go out, at all, without passes, or under 
guard. 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 365 

Great carelessness, or mismanagement, still prevails in 
regard to the rec^^pt and care of boxes. It is not uncommon 
to lose them entirely, if forwarded by the Erickson lin^, and 
left at Delaware City ; or if they are delivered, to find them 
rifled. Two boxes, lately addressed to myself, from friends 
in Delaware and Maryland, have failed to come to hand. 

A number of soldiers went to Baltimore, to-day, to cast their 
votes for the Enaancipation Constitution. 

Prayers as usual. 

Thursday, 7^/i.~" Fresh fish ! Fresh fish! A whale!" was 
the call made, at an early hour, this morning. The new- 
comer j)roved to be Mr. Ilazwell Magruder, of Prince 
George's Co., Md., who has been sentenced by a court-martial, 
to an imprisonment of one year, for harboring and assisting 
"Eebels." Tlie particular person whom he befriended Was 
Col. Gibson, of Georgia, who was wounded at the battle of 
Gettysburg. Magruder has ppent several months in confine- 
ment, at Washington, and was four weeks in irons. He is 
delighted with the imj^rovement in his condition, by the 
removal to Fort Delaware. 

Several officers, at the barracks, have expressed an earnest 
desire to have me visit them, for private conversation on religi- 
ous subjects. I shall certainly be gratified to have the oppor- 
tunity to do so. Gen. Schoepf will have to be consulted, and 
I do hope I may be allowed to see them, to-morrow. 

Nine thousand and forty-one votes were cast, yesterday, iu 
Baltimore city, for the convention, and seventy-five against it. 
As the actual number of vott rs, in that city, is about 30,000, 
it is to be presumed that the opposition, had it been allowed 
to vote, would have been 20,000, thus making a majority of 
10,000 in favor of the South. 

Cunningham came up as late as half-past nine, to see that 
we were all safe. The watchfulness increases. 

We have had a beautiful day ; and I have made the best 



366 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

of it, in perambulating the island, in company with several 
officers. 

Eight persons at worship ; others at cards ; a few writing ; 
one sick. 

Friday y 8th. — Had another pleasant walk, with Gen. 
Vance. Afterwards, enjoyed a chat with Cols. Duke, Dick 
Morgan, and Tucker, and Capt. Gibson, whom I found sun- 
ning themselves, in front of their quarters. 

Capt. Gibson has recently had the pleasure of a visit from 
his wife, who had been fortunate enough to obtain a permit to 
come to the island. The happy couple were entertained for 
three days, at Gen. Schoepf 's own house ; and the utmost 
kindness, and hospitality, were extended them. The Captain, 
who is a fine looking, and well educated young man, is Gen. 
Morgan's Adjutant-General. 

Maj. Steele was called out, from the barracks, to see a lady 
friend from Philadelphia. Gen. Schoepf mistook him for a 
minister. The Major remarked, that although not a minister, 
he was the son-in-law of the Kev. Dr. Breckinridge. At this, 
the General expressed great surprise ; and was even the more 
astonished, when he found that a sort of connection ex- 
isted between the Major and myself, through my relative, 
tlie Eev. Wm. C. Handy, who married another daughter of 
Dr. Breckinridge. " Well, well," said he, " how very 
strange ! all you Southern people are connected somehow or 
other." In the course of the talk, Major Steele inquired, 
"General, how does it happen, that you, a, Hungarian, should 
be found in arms, against an oppressed and wronged people, 
struggling for liberty?" It was a home thrust; and such as 
our exotic commandant has had frequently to bear. He could 
only rejily with some trite remark, and was glad to change the 
subject. 

Col. Wilmer, late Provost Marshal of Delaware, visited 
the Island, and had an interview with his relative, " Judge " 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 367 

Rasin. " The Court " was absent so long, before it could be 
learned what had become of him, that we feared he had been 
consigned to the cells. To the great joy of his friends, he 
was safely back, after an absence of what seemed to be two 
hours. His quick walk and happy face indicated good news, 
" Not a scrip of the pen against me," said he. " They can't 
find a single record. Col. Wilmer says old Fish has com- 
mitted a fraud upon the Government, and that I ought to be 
released at once. Capt. Ahl, too, is astonished, and thinks it 
outrageous, if he did threaten to lock me up, a few days ago." 
Everybody congratulated the " Judge " on his prospect of 
speedy release. Devitt, who is always ready for a joke, said 
something about "soon flying around among the widows." 
Sure enough, long before night, Johnson had actually dyed 
the old gentleman's hair ; and if certain ladies in and about 
Baltimore are disposed to demur, they had better hunt up 
Judges Bond and King ere the lapse of the next fortnight, at 
least. 

Ninety-three recruits for Company Q, were landed at the 
wharf, under a heavy guard. They were afterwards drawn up 
in the interior of the Fort, and thoroughly searched by two 
sergeants (one of them galvanized), under the inspection of the 
Provost Marshal. The galvanized man (a Louisiana " tiger," 
named Deetz) was far more particular than the other. Several 
of the men had money, which was passed over to the author- 
ities for safe keeping. Company Q now numbers upwards 
of four hundred, most of them able-bodied and healthy young 
men. 

Occupied much of the time, to-day, in reading the " Parson 
of the Islands," an interesting biography of a remarkable 
Methodist preacher, who lived and labored on Deal's Island 
in the Chesapeake Bay. I am glad to see the history of this 
good man in print. I have long known him by reputation, 
but was not, until recently, aware that any attempt had been 
made to perpetuate his name. 



368 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

About half our number at worship, others at carcjs, auJ a 
few. reading or writing. 

Saturday, dth. — Five hundred Rebel prisoners from Alton, 
111., arrived last night, making the number now in confinement 
a fraction less than six thousand. As the exchange is going 
on, it is hoped, that in less than four weeks thej will all be 
safely returned to Dixie. 

Had a long talk with Chaplain Way about old times and 
old acquaintances, suggested by incidents in the life of Parson 
Thomas. He i)romises me some recollections for my forth- 
coming family history. 

Another cloudy day and stormy night. Nine persons at 
worship. 

Sunday, 10th. — We had a terrible storm last night, which 
drove the water over the banks all around the Island. At 
Post No. 12, the sentry stood knee deep in the water until 
relieved by another wdio was not quite so literal in the inter- 
pretation of orders. Two men, who were trying to make their 
way to the privy by adjusting some boards across certain low 
places, were hailed by the sjntinel, but nut hearing the call, 
were shot. Neither of them were killed, and one only is 
reported badly wounded. I have not learned further partic- 
ulars, except that the men were Tennesseeans. 

At 10 o'clock, in company with Gen. Vance, Cols. Duke 
and Coleman, Capt. Morgan, and my room-mate Brogden, I 
repaired to the barracks, to hold another Sabbath morning 
service with the officers. The congregation was not quite so 
large as on last Sabbath, but tiie room was well filled, aiA we 
had a pleasant time. I preached from I. Cor. ix, 24, "So run 
that ye may obtain." Gen. Vance and Major Bu'lock, with 
other officers, sat near the stand, and acted as a sort of choir. 
The Chaplain, Capt. Samford, did not come forward until after 
the services were over. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 369 

On leaving " the Pen," a young man approached me, and 
extendhig his hand, said he : — 

" I heard your sermon and listened attentively. You told 
us that a man might be a lawyer, a physician, soldier, or any- 
thing else, and serve God righteously as such, provided, the 
duties of his profession or occupation are j)erformed with an 
eye single to His glory. Now, sir, I am a lawyer; and I 
want to know why a gambler has not as much right to serve 
God as any other man." 

I had, in the course of my sermon, alluded indirectly to the 
vice of card-playing, and the question was evidently proposed 
with a sort of exultant air, to catch me with my own words. 

" If it were true, as I had suggested, that secular duties 
were religious duties, when attended to at the right time and 
in the right place, why," said he, " could not a man, as au 
amusement, indulge a little in gambling ? " 

" It is Impossible," I replied, " to serve God and be a 
gambler. The two things are wholly incomjDatihle." 

"Does the Bible say anything about gambling, or card 
playing?" he rejoined. 

" It is true," I answered, " that the word of God is silent, 
in regard to the specific vice of card playing; but the priij- 
ciple involved is clearly revealed, and there can be no question 
about the fin." 

" Well, sir," he again inquired, " tell me, how you make it 
a sin?" 

The sin, I assured him, did not consist in the mere tossing 
and arranging of a number of painted cards, but in the waste 
of time, idle words, profane swearing, drinking, brawls, fights, 
dishonesty, and other ills, which, so constantly, attend the 
practice. 

" Then, upon the same principle, you may denounce the 
business of merchandizing, or any other pursuit of life, because 
men choose to b;^ dishonest, or otherwise to commit evil, in 
connection with their various occupations." 
24 



370 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

"By no means ! for sin has no necessary connection with these. 
Card playing, on the other hand, is seldom or never unattended 
"with one or more of these acknowledged evils. Even ' play- 
ing for fun,' as it is called, has the 'appearance of evil' — 
which the Apostle denounces ; and it is rarely the case, that 
those who play merely for amusement, do not presently put 
up a small sum, to add interest to the game; and thus sooner 
or later, from the fascination of the sport, or from love of gain, 
involve themselves to such an extent, as to be guilty in the 
long run of all the attendant sins." 

" Well," said he, "I love God ; and I think I can serve 
God quite as well as any other man." 

At this point, the conversation ended ; and as he turned to 
leave me, placing my hand upon his shoulder, I remarked, 
" I hope, my friend, you will see, ere long, that it is utterly 
impossible for a gambler to be a true servant of God." A 
crowd had gathered around ; and I learned from one of the 
company, that my lawyer friend was one of the most noted 
card players in "the Pen." 

The young man, who on last Sabbath sought a private 

interview, was Capt. W. C. S , of Texas. Whilst the 

gentlemen who came with me, were moving around among 
their friends, I had an opportunity fv^r a full talk with 
him. He told me that he had been piously educated, and that 
hi« parents were Preibylerians. His conscience had rejjroved 
him for neglected opportunities; but he never experienced any 
speci>J scriousne:?s, until he found himself a prisoner in the 
Ohio Penitentiary. Here he got hold of Nelson's "Cause and 
Cure of Infidelity," and although nut a sceptic in regard to 
Divine teachings, he f.lt himself to be a sinner, and the book 
was well adapteel to him in his distressed condition. His con- 
victions increased with such power, that he could do nothing 
but read the word of God, and talk upon religious subjects. 
His companions thought he was losing his mind, and advised 
him to lay the Bible aside. They all jeered and tormented 



DUBESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 371 

him to such an extent, that it was a relief to him to get into his 
cell and there in his loneliness, commune with God in prayer 
JJnder these circumstances, and calling to mind the teachings 
n T'^ ^\''^'^' ^' ^^ ^'"Sth found peace in believing, 
tapt. S. tells me, the trouble now is, that with the consci- 
ousness of great shortcomings, he fears he Is presuming too 
much. He also complains of difficulties in his way, from his 
surroundings at the barracks. He was anxious to Low what 
course h^ should pursue, to avoid the appearance of ostentation 
m his devotions-there being no opportunity in the "pen'> 
for a moments privacy. I advised him, under all the cir- 
cumstances, to make a closet of his bunk; but not to shrink 
Irom an open and regular perusal of the Word. I suggested 
in this connection, that God might have some work for him to' 
perform, ,, the way of usefulness to others; and if so, he 
should not turn from it. He admitted the probability, 'and 
expressed a desire to study theology, for his own edificltion 
and comfort. It is not unlikely, that this young man, who 
has been "led by a way he knew not," may yet become an 
honored servant of Christ, preaching liberty to the captives. 
I met with two other young men, who introduced them- 
selves as belonging to Presbyterian families, and as old 
acquaintances of the shorter catechism. One of them Lieut 
Andrews, is a step-son of the Eev. Dr. Mitchell, of Florence' 
Ala., who was four months a prisoner under the Lincoln rule' 
becaL^e he could not make just such prayers in the pulpit as 
suited the men in power. - 

Services in No. 2 at the usual hour. Preached Christ to 
trie accustomed few. 

J^^onda^ 11^7.- Major Fontaine sent me a copy of his 

Dream Thoughts while in Prison,- which 1 wish to preserve 

tor his own sake, as well as the intrinsic value of the poetry 

I saw him yesterday on his return from the hospital to the 

barracks. He is walking with a crutch, on account of a 



372 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

wound received in battle, and which is not yet healed. The 
Major has seen much service, and has been wounded thirteen 
times. He was shot five times whilst acting as a scout for 
Gen. Peraberton. He was the only one of Pemberton's scouts 
that succeeded in getting through to Gen. Johnston, on the Big 
Black River. For his gallantry, and sufferings, he was pro- 
moted from the ranks to his present position, by Gen. John- 
ston. On the arrival of Major Fontaine, at Fort Delaware, he 
was offered a parole of the island, by Gen. Schoepf, with per- 
mission also to visit Philadelphia ; but he declined the priv- 
ilege, preferring to remain in closer confinement, with his 
brother officers. 

Reports having reached the ears of Gen. Schoepf, that cer- 
tain Rebel officers have been imbibing too freely, he visited 
the quarters on last Sunday, and with a paper in hand, which 
had called his attention to the subject, he made a little address, 
at the table, in somewhat the following style : — 

" There now, gentlemen ! you see how it is — I am obliged 
to notice the matter. I know that a little of the ^ ardent ' is 
necessary to keep soul and body together ; and I have given 
the sutler orders to let you have it ; but you must not get 
drunk. If anybody, however, does get too much, you must 
not let him M^alk about ' the pen/ I want you to take him to 
his bunk immediately ; and you must keep him there until he 
gets sober." This good-natured, but rather too indulgent 
speech, from the "old Hungarian," made him a popular man, 
at least for one day; and three cheers having been proposed, 
were given with a good will, for Gen. Schoepf 

As an oflf-set to this lecture, my friend Tibbetts soliloquizes : 

" Brandy, brandy, bane of life ! 
Spring of tumult, source of strife I 
Could I balf tliy curses tell, 
The wise would wish thee safe in hell ! " 

The Confederate officers have had their money returned. 
The General says it is not worth much, and they can have it 
to play euchre with. 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 373 

Tuesday, 12th. — The finest day we have had for many- 
months; the water smooth; tlie atmosphere clear; and the 
view across the river so distinct, that the scenery of the Del- 
aware shore was developed more strikingly than I have ever 
noticed it before. The panorama, including the village of 
Delaware City, the snug farm-houses, the noble river, the 
many and different varieties of vessels, all contributed to make 
the picture beautiful, indeed. I regretted that we had no 
artist upon the island, to daguerrotype a scene which may not 
soon, again, be presented in such interesting combinations. 
After my usual excursion, I returned to a convenient and 
eligible position on the bank, and there, for an hour or more, 
contemplated the prospect ; talking, the while, with a poor 
soldier who had joined the Fifth Maryland regiment to avoid 
the draft, and who had occasionally sat under my ministry in 
the days gone by. 

On this day, three years ago, the first guns were fired in 
this miserable war. On that day Sumpter fell. It was a sad 
necessity that induced that terrible, but noble effort in defence 
of right against usurpation, in our family of States, and in 
opposition to a self-seeking and fanatical combination, that 
would have crushed out the very life of the South to build up 
a sectional interest in a distant corner of the Republic. How 
dreadful has been the result ! How many thousand hearts have 
been made to bleed ; how many thousands of immortal souls 
have gone prematurely to their final account! What vast 
expenditures of treasure ! What alienations ; what spite ; what 
horrible vindictiveness has been engendered ; and, alas, how 
long is this state of things to continue ? Separation — positive, 
permanent separation — is peace; and, if there is to be any 
prosperity in the future, it can only be found in the inde- 
pendent existence of the two j)ortions of the country. A 
nominal union, continued from year to year at the point of 
the bayonet, would be a perpetual curse. " I am for peace ; 
but when I speak they are for war." 



374 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

One of the young men (S. B. Davis) recently shot by a 
sentinel, died last night at the hospital. The matter has been 
investigated by the authorities^ who blame but do not criminate 
the act. Is it not too bad, that our poor suffering fellow 
prisoners should thus be shot down, without redress ? 

Gen. Schoepf announces, that he is daily expecting an order 
for the exchange of the prisoners on the Island. The officers will 
probably go first; the privates next; and it is hoped, that those 
of us who are called political prisoners may not be forgotten 
in the winding up. 

Several of the Confederate officers are amusing themselves 
with the prison jewelry business. Generals Thompson and 
Vance have been quite steadily occupied, for a day or two, in 
manufacturing gutta percha chains, as mementos of their prison 
life, to be presented to friends. 

Cunningham, oi'e of the galvanized officers, has left and 
gone North. The other three are closely occupying their room, 
with only a sort of nodding acquaintance with those who live 
on the same floor. Now and then, they walk up and down 
the passage for exercise — but this is very seldom. There is 
more sympathy for Taylor than for any of the others, as he 
is said to be a brave man, and at heart a true Southerner. 

We had our usual service in No. 2. At this hour (10 P. M.) 
the band is serenading in the distance; a calm prevails on the 
river ; and the air is sufficiently pleasant to allow the window 
to be raised. 

Wednesday, ISth. — It would be mere repetition to record 
constant trouble with bed-bugs. Sometimes we have special 
difficulty. This is generally the case Avhen the nights are 
warm. According to anticipation, last night was spent in the 
midst of peculiar trials. The dirty things were continu- 
ally falling from the old perforated and cracked wood in the 
bunk above me, which is occupied by my friend Brogden. 
Every time he turned or moved, I thought I could hear them 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 375 

dropping about my pillow; and several times they fell upon 
my head and fac ■. Once, a plump, bloody fellow struck me 
directly in the mouth. Hours passed b 'fore I could get to 
sleep ; and, then, only to dream, toss to and fro, and to scratch 
my poor hands and feet. Brogden and Richardson rubbed 
themselves well with oil of cinnamon before retiring, and 
they censure me for not using what they assure me they have 
found to be a specific. 

Notwithstanding mud and mist, walked with Gen. Vance 
as far as the sutler's. The General tells me, that much to his 
regret, he has found many of the Chaplains at the South 
altogether unworthy, and really exerting a most unfavorable 
influence upon the interests of religion in the army. He says 
that a Chaplain, formerly in connection with a regiment under 
his own command, had fallen so low, that he became the butt of 
the men, who amused themselves in throwing at him, or in 
other ways showing their disgust. The fellow at length forged 
a paper — purporting to be official — dismissing himself from 
the army. He, admits however, that he has met with many 
pleasing exceptions, and Jiighly commends the piety of those 
earnest and laborious men who, in spite of opposing obstacles, 
are excellent " in season and out of season," in the performance 
of their legitimate work. 

Had a pleasant conversation with Charlton Morgan, whom 
I find to be a very gentlemanly and affable person. At the 
breaking out of the war he was residing in Sicily, where he 
had been United States consul, and was at that time acting 
Charge d' Affaires. He immediately resigned his commission, 
and for a time acted as Secretary to the Southern Embassy in 
Paris. He has been in the army some two years or more, and 
has the reputation of being a gallant fellow. • 

I find that Col. Tucker is a Northern man by birth, and a 
graduate of Yale college. He was educated for the bar, but 
prefers the life of a farmer, in the fiiie blue grass country about 
Lexington, Ky. Hearing that several of his negro men 



376 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

wanted to leave their old home, he wrote to liis wife, directhag 
her to give them twenty dollars a piece and let them go, with 
the injunction, that they should proceed immediately to the 
North, and select for themselves white wives among the advo- 
cates of miscegenation. 

Our apartment has been surprisingly quiet since the re- 
lease of about twenty of our number. Reading, gutta-percha 
work, and games occupy most of the time of those who re- 
main. The boisterous rompings, which formerly prevailed, 
are almost at an end; and I have heard no loud swearing for 
several weeks. Several of our number (whatever may be 
said of others) are seldom out of their own rooms, and are 
literally staying at home and minding their own business. 

To-morrow, thtee weeks will have passed since I wrote to 
Baltimore, defining my position on the subject of the oath, and 
suggesting to Col. Purnell my preferences in regard to the 
manner of release, then supposed to be near at hand. No 
reply has been received. What the strange silence means, I 
am at a loss to know. 

News from the South encouraging; the exchange working 
slowly; gold $1.75 in New York 

Only eight at worship. 

Thursday, 14th. — A Dutchman, belonging to the 5th Md. 
Regiment, committed suicide by drowning, either yesterday 
evening, or last night. His body was found in the river this 
morning. The cause of the act is unknown, 

Charlton Morgan showed me a list of battles, and skir- 
mishes, in which his brother's command had been engaged, up 
to the 19th of July, 18G3. They numbered forty-eight ; and 
in nearly eyery one of them, the Confederates had been emi- 
nently successful. He also states, that up to Feb. 15th, ISGH, 
thoy had captured not less than 25,000 men. The catastrojjhe 
which resulted so disastrously to these brave and patriotic 
men, was occasioned, altogether, by the sudden and unex- 
pected inundation of the Ohio. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 377 

The business of smuggling liquor, into the rooms, is not 
likely to be stopped. It has always been done, with occasional 
interruptions ; but not generally in such quantities as to pro- 
duce very manifest results. Sometimes, however, we have had 
three or four, or perhaps half a dozen, evidently under its in- 
fluence at one time. For a day or two past, the miserable 
stuff has been circulating with such abundance, as to upset 
several of our fellow-prisoners ; and although there has been 
no actual outbreak, the querimoniousness of some has been 
exceedingly unpleasant. How strange and almost universal, 
in these war times, is the thirst for strong drink ! Would that 
our young men could see the evil in its true light, and dash 
forever from their lips the poisoned bowl ! 

I have suffered terribly, of late, for the want of congenial 
Christian society. We have only two or three professors of 
religion in our apartment — only two, indeed, who are posi- 
tively known as such. These (Grymes and Maynadier) are 
both good men, and I esteem and love them much ; but they 
are cramped, and restricted by surrounding circumstances. 
Sometimes, I am almost tempted to wish, that a few more 
earnest, whole-souled Christian men could be arrested, and 
sent to Fort Delaware, that we might lay ourselves out in 
some more decided and systematic efforts, for the spiritual 
well-being of the unbelieving and impenitent ones around. I 
find my imprisonment wholly unfavorable, not only to bodily 
health, but quite as deleterious to mental improvement. 
Close study is impossible. Indeed, it is, sometimes, difficult 
to fix the mind upon the easiest and lightest reading. I am 
not alone in this experience. Some are complaining of an 
utter impossibility in this respect; and others, of an 
entire loss of retentiveness, even after repeated readings. 
Anxiety, care, suspense, and the sense of oppression so en- 
gross the mind, that there seems to be no room for new 
thought, nor sufficient control for any valuable combination 
of ideas. In two or three cases, I have noticed an evident 



378 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

weakening of the mental powers, and the gradual decline has 
been a distressing spectacle. How frail is man, under any 
circumstances, but especially in prison, without the help of 
God! 

Felt discouraged to-night, with only six persons at wor- 
ship. 

Friday, 15th. — My friends, Grymes and Maynadier, had 
a hot discussion about the comparative valor and activity 
of Maryland and Virginia regiments, during the present 
war — each contending earnestly for his own State. The 
debate was long-continued, and it is impossible to say when it 
would have ended, had not Maynadic r bethought him of an 
argument in Grymes' beautiful Maryland wife. The allusion 
to the necessity of a Virginia soldier resorting to Maryland 
for such aid and comfort, was like oil uj)on the troubled waters, 
and the excited disputants relapsed into their accustomed good 
humor. 

Had a short walk, in company with Colonels Duke and 
Ward. Col. Ward is a Tennessee lawyer, commanding au 
unnumbered regiment in Morgan's Division, which bears his 
own name. He is tall, affable, and quite communicative in 
conversation. He regretted not hearing me preach last Sab- 
bath, and informed me that the officers had expressed the wish 
that I should preach twice on each Lord's day. 

Lieuts. Thomas, and Andrews — both of them staff officers — 
are enjoying paroles, handed them yesterday ; and are quartered 
with the other gentlemen who have the same privilege. 

A revival of religion is in progress, in the Methodist and 
Presbyterian churches in Delaware City. A large number of 
persons are said to have found the pearl of great price. In 
the Presbyterian Church, the Rev. Mr. Hamner, son of Dr. 
Hamner, of Baltimore, is assisting the pastor, Rev. Mv. Gay- 
lord. The latter minister, it will be remembered, was instru- 
mental in my imprisonment at this place. I can truly say of 



DTJRESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 379 

him, as Paul did of Alexander, the coppersmith, that he " did 
me much evil;" but I have, from the first, heartily forgiven 
him; and it has never occurred to me to pray, "the Lord 
reward him according to his works." All I desire is, that 
be may see his error, and that, as a faithful servant of Jesus 
Christ, he may win many to righteousness. 

]\Iajor Hammond dreamed last night that he saw me in a 
dying condition, with a tin cup in my hand, trying to drink. 
He thought he made an effort to assist me, and was annoyed 
that others around did not lend a helping hand. In his dis- 
tress he called loudly, and was heard by Brogden in our own 
room. 

Gen. Vance tells me that he has received a letter from his 
friend Major Wright, who made his escape between Camp 
Chase and this place, and that he is now safely in Montreal. 

Eight persons at prayers. The sentinel has just announced 
— 10 o'clock P. M. — "all's well." He is mistaken, as I for 
O'^e am quite unwell, and must hurry to bed. 

Saturday, IQth. — I was somewhat surprised this morning, 
to receive from Gen. Schoepf a pass for my wife to visit the 
island. She has written to him, and this is the result. I 
managed to get it to her in advance of the mail, and I trust 
she will come over on Monday. 

A pleasant interview took jilace about noon to-day, between 
Gen. Schoepf and myself, with the paroled oflScers, at their 
quarters. The conversation continued for some three quarters 
of an hour. The General was in a remarkably good humor ; 
passed a number of jokes ; told us some interesting things 
about his native country; referred to his travels at the South; 
said that he came to America in 1853 ; had great diflBculty in 
mastering the English language ; gave me a pass to visit the 
officers at the barracks, at will; treated Gen. Vance, Col. 
Morgan, and others to some extra cigars ; apologized for keep- 
ing his hat on during the conversation, and left us eventually 



380 UNITED STATES BONDS; OE 

with the best impression of his natural goodness of heart, and 
disposition to treat all the prisoners well. 

Gen. Vance handed me his prison album, with the request 
that I should give him an autograph transcript of some of 
my rhymes. He has promised, in the same way, to favor me 
with some of his own pieces. A pretty ballad which I find 
in his book, penned as lately as yesterday, I take the liberty 
of transferring to these pages. 

THE SOUTH. 

My Suuny South ! My Sunny South 1 

Thou hmd of joy to me, 
The blissful clime where sinless youth 

Was spent in peaceful glee; 
To-night, from bars and prison walls, 

On pinions light and free. 
My spirit breaks its many thralls, 

And wildly seeks for thee. 

O'er hill and brake and rushing tide. 

And city's lofty spire. 
And silver stream and valley wide, 

The home of son and sire ; 
With tireless wing and swelling heart, 

Which naught around may stay, 
I'll burst these cords and chains apart, 

And seek thee — far away. 

The eye may droop, the form may bend. 

The hair be touched with gray ; 
Nor night, nor morn, blest peace may send. 

To cheer the captive's way ; 
But sentry's tread, nor musket bright. 

Nor all the dread array 
Which Northmen use to show their might, 

Can cause the soul to stay. 

I'll seek thy fields and woodlands wild, 

Thy own savannas fair; 
And be again the happy child 

That lived and sported there. 
And when in sleep I view thy streams, 

Which flow forever free. 
My gladdest, brightest, sweetest dreams 

Shall be of home and thee 1 

Port Delaware, April IQth, 1867. 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY, 381 

King Alcohol reigns, with supreme power, over not less 
than six of our imprisoned politicals, to-night. Two or three 
are completely " soaked," and others are sufficiently under the 
influence of the poison to be by no means themselves. It is 
curious to notice the different effects produced — some merry, 
some angry, some talkative, some morose, or silent; but all 
making themselves more or less disagreeable and troublesome. 

We still have a few ignorant and unprincipled fellows 
among us. "Why these characters should have been associated 
with others, so superior to themselves in decency, position and 
influence, it is hard to divine. To call them " political pris- 
oners" is a burlesque. Some of them can't read their own 
names ; they have no just appreciation of the questions at issue ; 
they arS wholly influenced by the love of gain, or brutal 
spite; and have no more love for the South than f>r the 
North, except as they anticipate personal benefit. They are 
to be blamed, and yet to be pitied. They ought to be any- 
where rather than here, and wherever they are, they ought to 
be watched. 

A bloody fight has just occurred between W and the 

two L 's. I heard the struggle in the passage some time 

before opening the door, hoj^ing that it would soon subside. ' 
The parties were all more or less worsted, and the result might 
have been tragic, but for the timely interference of Hammond 
and others, who interposed to take them apart. 

I was about closing without mentioning my visit to the 
hospital. On showing my parole, I was allowed to go in and 
see Robert Reynolds, and a young man named Lcfevre, from 
Baltimore. Reynolds is from Portsmouth, and has been at 
Fort Delaware ever since the battle of Gettysburg. He is 
now suffering with pneumonia. His mother has visited him 
once, and is expected again next week. I endeavored, faith- 
fully, to advise with both the young men, and pressed the 
subject of a personal interest in the blood of Christ. 



382 TOUTED STATES BONDS; OR 

Sunday, Vlth. — On entering "the pen" this morning, my 
attention was called to a crowd of persons, standing on the two 
sides of a ditch, in which was a surface of water some four or 
five feet wide, stretching across the area. Approaching the 
spot, I found that they were officers of various grades, amusing 
themselves with miniature vessels of chij)s, or bark, with 
extemporized sails. Had it not been the Sabbath, I should 
not have been surprised — as it is a fact that almost any trifle 
will serve to amuse a prisoner, whose life is generally one of 
the most wearisome monotony. But why should I have been 
astonished at all ? For what is the Sabbath, in these days of 
War, more than any other day, but as a day of inspection and 
parade — or (if varied at all) but a soldier's play-day ; and 
what are soldiers (like other men) but children of larger 
growth ? 

]\Iy congregation, at the officers' barracks, was quite as 
good as on last Sabbath. The services were held, as usual, in 
No. 31, the apartment occupied by the Morgan corps. The 
body of the room was well filled ; and many persons occupied 
the two tiers of bunks on either side, which, as I stood at the 
end of the room, had much the appearance of galleries. I 
have never had a more intelligent and orderly congregation. 
The time of service was announced by a choir of singers, who 
sounded forth their full notes of excellent music, with enliven- 
ing effect. My discourse was founded upon Prov. iii. 1 7 — my 
object, of course, being to show the pleasures of religion. At 
one period of the sermon, I thought I observed considerable 
feeling; and it seems to me that God is with us. Who knows 
but that the seed sown this day may bring forth much fruit ? 
" The day will declare it." 

Among the officers at the barracks is Major Ferguson, of 
Va., who captured the Yankee General Scammon. He was 
afterwards separated from his command, and was himself 
taken — the capturer, and the captured, each now beguiling 
their hours in his enemy's prison. The Major is a fine look- 
ing man, with full black beard. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 383 

I also met with a young Lieutenant, belonging to the 3d 
Georgia regiment, which was for several months quartered 
near Portsmouth. This young man, whose name is Bristed, 
says he has heard me preach several times. 

My services to-night, in No. 2, were short, and the congre- 
gation as small as usual. We prayed for those who joined not 
with us. ***** 

Monday, IS^/u— I have had a great treat to-day, in a visit 
from my wife. She was accompanied across the river by 
Chaplain Way, who, with great kindness, invited us to occupy 
his room. An annoyance occurred at the wharf, with a cor- 
poral, who refused to let a hand trunk pass, until searched. 
The trunk contained clothing, which Mrs. H. had brought 
over, to provide for any sudden emergency of my release by 
exchange. Just as she was leaving Delaware City, a person 
handed her a small bundle, and a pamphlet, giving her no 
information about thera. For more than an hour I was ex- 
ceedingly uncomfortable, lest there might be something contra- 
band. After the search was completed, and both the trunks 
and a basket were pronounced approved, my relief Avas great. 
An opportunity occurred for walking around the island, 
and, for the first time, Mrs. Handy became acquainted with the 
locality of different buildings, and out-door movements on the 
" Pea Patch." After an agreeable day, she left on the mail 
boat at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, accompanied by Mrs. 
Stanley, wife of Rev. Mr. Stanley, of Prince George's county, 
Md., whose son is an invalid at the hospital. 

After the usual worship in No. 2, a general debate arose in 
regard to the reported massacre at Fort Pillow— some approv- 
ino", others condemning the current newspaper statements. A 
majority seemed to think it perfectly right to refuse quarter, 
in all cases, to officers and men of negro regiments. To my 
own mind, one of the most horrible features of this war is the 
vindictive and relentless spirit that is so commonly manifested 



384 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

on either side. The barbarian character of the invasion, and 
the remorseless idea of extermination, with the ten thousand 
cruelties inflicted upon prisoners, citizens, and even women 
and children, have engendered in the Southern mind a feeling 
of hate, and a desire for retaliation, that roots out all piety 
from the heart, leaving oppressors and oppressed in a like 
condition of dreadful sin. Alas, for the Chui'ch of Christ ! 
What a miserable wreck does she seem to appear! But thanks 
be to God — the day cometh, when "nation shall not lift up 
sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more." 

Tuesday, Idth. — A very exciting day — more so than any 
we have had for a long time. In the morning a bloody fight 
occurred in the interior of the Fort, between two members of 
Company Q, who were seized by the guard and removed from 
sight. In a few moments after, another member of this 
redoubtable corps was taken to the guard-house, the spectators 
from the windows concluding that he had some connection 
with the fight. 

In the forenoon, perambulated the Island with Gen. Vance. 
Having made our rounds, hauled up at the "bull pen," 
showed our passes, and went in to the prisoners. Visited 
several of the divisions, formed some new acquaintances, 
and had a cosy chat with several clever fellows, who gathered 
around to hear something new. Was informed by Capt. Sam- 
ford, that regular evening services are held, in which he, 
Major Bullock, Capt. Shane, and others take the lead. Found 
that the number of professors of religion, known to be such, 
is not more than fifteen or twenty. A few persons had 
expressed some interest during the week, about the welfare of 
their souls, and one had solicited special prayer in his behalf. 
Cards seemed to be the order of the day in one room ; in an- 
other a number of persons were busily engaged about the stove in 
reading, and others were occupied at chess. Many were prom- 
enading the board walks, and a number were sunning them- 
selves airainst the sides of the building. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 385 

Inquiring about the "living," all agreed that at present 
there is no scarcity of food, but the quality was universally 
reprobated. The bread was complained of, as exceedingly 
coarse ; and the meat, they affirm, is invariably boiled without 
salt. They have rice and beans occasionally, but no other 
vegetables. A few cases of small-pox had occurred, but there 
was not much complaint of sii-kness. Capt. W. R. White, of 
Arkansas, who is suffering from general debility, and looks 
bad, referred to his own need of appropriate diet. Col. Brewer 
gave me a short account of his remarkable escape last spring, 
after swimming nearly all night in his pants and boots, and 
landing ten or twelve miles up the Delaware. L.ft at the 
call for dinner, with pressing invitations to come frequently. 

Tibbetts has had a day of trouble, arousing the sympathy 
of all his fellow prisoners. Just as I was about leaving for my 
morning walk, a message comes, ordering him to the General's 
office. The object is, to show him a letter intercepted in 
Philadelphia, aiid to ascertain what he knows about it. It 
proves to be a letter which he wrote some three weeks ago, to 
a lady in Western Virginia, and which he had sent by the 
underground conveyance. The General excited ; wants to 
. know how he came to send such a letter (it was severe on the 
. " Yankees," in the region of New Creek) ; demands the name 
of the carrier; threatens him with the cells; Capt. Ahl inter- 
poses, and Tibbetts is sent back to his quarters, acknowledging 
the letter, and implicating no one, save the washerwoman, 
whom he had unfortunately referred to in the letter. At in- 
tervals of an hour or more, our room-mate is sent for a second 
and third time. The General questions him more fully as to 
the manner of sending the letter; presses the subject, to ascer- 
tain whether Tosner, the regular mail-carrier, and husband to 
the washerwoman, is not implicated. He wishes to know 
also, to what extent the contraband communication has been 
going on, and which of the prisoners he had aided in sending 
letters. Tosner and his wife are both called up and catechiz.d. 
25 



386 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Mrs. T. admits, that she sent this one letter iu a bundle by 
her husband to Delaware City. She gives no satisfaction as 
to whether the carrier had any knowledge of her act. Tosner 
is threatened; he remonstrates; the General orders the engineer 
to discharge him forthwith ; Tosner thinks tlie sentence should 
be delayed at least for a day or two. The General talks more 
mildly to Tibbetts, who gives no more information than ap- 
pears upon the face of the detected letter. The "Commissary" 
returns, greatly troubled about Tosner, and caring nothing for 
himself, even though he be sent to the cells. Everybody 
wants to know the result. A sort of livee is held ; the 
whole story is told ; and Tibbetts comes off with flying colors, 
receiving the congratulations of the whole house for his firm- 
ness and honor. 

"Fresh fish!" Two young men, J. W. Boucher, of 
Georgetown, D. C, Samuel H. Pairo and Kent Williams, of 
Baltimore, have joined our corps of " Politicals." They are 
all charged with blockade-running; and have been sentenced 
by Gen. Lew. Wallace to confinement at this place. The 
second named is a son of Mrs. Pairo, who was recently sent 
South by the Yankees. 

The excitement produced by the arrival of the strangers 
reduced our praying circle, to-night, to a number — I was 
about to write, barely sufficient to claim the blessing — 
Grymes, Maynadier and myself, who comprise our prison 
church, were each in our places ; and Long — who, thougli not 
a professor of religion, is seldom absent — was true to his rule. 

Wechiesday, 20th. — Three-quarters of a year, this day, since 
my arrest in Sussex. It is difficult to realize it! To look 
back, in detail, the time has been long. The confinement, 
separation from my wife and children, anxiety of mind and 
bodily sufferings, have all contributed to give me a protracted 
ordeal. At a general glance, however, going back to the 
latest scenes, I can scarcely realize the lapse of more than two 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 387 

or three months. This seems to be the experience of others. . 
In looking forward, we should scarcely feel capable of endur- 
ing; but in the retrospect, we are like these that dream. 

Mrs. Reynolds, of Portsmouth, is still here. She has been 
more fortunate than others, in getting to see her sick son. 
Happening to be ward-master, at the hospital, he has a pri- 
vate room, where she may be with him night and day, render- 
ing such attentions as he may need. I found no difficulty in 
getting access to the room ; and spent an hour talking to the 
mother about the state of things in Portsmouth, and to her 
son on the more important subject of his soul's welfare, 

Mrs. E,. congratulates me upon my absence from home at this 
time, assuring me that the Yankee rule in Portsmouth and Nor- 
folk is almost i;itolerable. Among many other things, illustra- 
ting the cruelties of Butler, she says that he sent a young lady, 
named McCarrick, to Fort Hatteras, where she was without a 
single female a^ociate, and kept her there twelve days, be- 
cause she would not reveal the names of certain parties, who 
had aided her in getting across the lines with a few articles of 
clothing, needed by her brother in the army. The wicked 
tyrant is, also, said to have connived at a forged letter, pur- 
porting to be from this same young lady, in which she is made 
to criminate Mrs. Foster, of Norfolk, and an acknowledgment 
is thus extorted, corroborating the charges; and, of course, he 
made her to suffir the consequences. After prayer by the bed- 
side of young Reynolds, for which he heartily thanked me, I 
hurried away to other scenes. 

About thirty wounded prisoners from David's Island, 
N. Y., were landed this evening, and made their way to the 
liospital. All of them were on crutches, save one man. 

Preparations are going on for the exchange of five hundred 
convalescents from the hospital. A transport is expected to 
take them off to-morrow. Gen. Schoepf says that all the 
prisoners, now on the isltind, will be exchanged in about ten days. 
So, also, he told us, near two weeks ago — that there would be 



388 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

a number of transports here in less than ten days. All this may 
be to encourage the prisoners ; but the effect is sadly the re- 
verse. 

Richardson says a sentinel with whom he was talking on 
the bank, spoke very bitterly of the political prisoners, and 
remarked that the " Rev. Able Handy, who wears the long 
hair, ought to be hung." 

" Mosieur Tonson has come again ! " De La Mar popped 
in upon us, suddenly, to-night, looking and acting very much 
after the old fashion. He has been under ]3arole at Wilming- 
ton, but with a strict guard, day and night — a paradoxical 
condition certainly ; guarded, and yet on his honor not to make 
his escape. His wife, who has been ill, is now better. He 
has renounced his British protection, and returns to take the 
oath of allegiance to the United States, with a view to his 
release to-morrow morning. 

Thursday, 21st. — I was much surprised by another visit 
from my wife. She came over to show me a letter from Col. 
Purnell, announcing the decision of Judges Bond and King in 
relation to my release. He says, " I am sorry to inform you 
that Judge Bond sent me a note, this morning, stating that he 
is unwilling to recommend Dr. Handy's release, upon any 
other terms than those proposed to him, to wit: taking the 
oath of allegiance — this, notwithstanding he promised me to 
allow him to go South, or to Canada. Judge King, however, 
is perfectly willing to his release, and says it should take place 
immediately." He also advises my wife, as the only remaining 
alternative, to go with letters from prominent persons, to the 
Secretary of War, and in case of refusal, to make direct appli- 
cation to the President. Such then is the prospect before me — 
still a prisoner, and likely to be for months to cimie, unless God 
shall interpose some special j^rovidence in my behalf. I liave no 
hope whatever through Stanton ; and though, by a persevering 
and toilsome effort, Lincoln might be reached, and perhaps 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 389 

moved, the embarrassment and exposure would be more than I 
am willing that my wife should encounter. Thank God, I feel 
strengthened, and my mind is steadily fixed in regard to the un- 
reasonable and wicked test, which those in power would force 
upon me. I will not injure my conscience, nor bring disgrace 
upon myself and family, to save the flesh. Duty seems to me 
to be plain. The result shall be left to Him who hath said, 
" Fear not him who can kill the body, but rather fear him which 
is able to destroy both soul and body in hell." 

The three new-comers, Boucher, Pairo, and Weems, called in 
this evening at No. 6, and made themselves quite pleasant in 
conversation. Boucher is a merchant of Georgetown, D. C. 
He has been imprisoned for three months in the old Capitol 
at Washington, and is now sent to this place by sentence of 
court-martial, for aiding a Miss Murray to get as far south 
as Rockville, Md. He is to serve out a term of twelve 
months, in addition to the time already spent in prison. At 
the old Capitol Mr. B. was confined in the same room with 
twelve Yankee officers — all of them charged with robbing the 
government under which they held military commissions. 
Among the number, was the notorious Fish, late Provost 
Marshal of Baltimore. The account which he gives of this 
man's character corresponds with the generally received state- 
ments of his low-mindeduess and villainy. He says he is one 
of the most vulgar, and indecent men he ever saw. His con- 
versations are constantly of lewd women. It was his boast, 
that he had stopped the ladies of Baltimore from wearing the 
Confederate colors, by employing bawds, and women of the 
town, to dress in " red white and red." This he did, officially, 
and by direction of his superior officer and coadjutor, the 
tyrant Schenck, who encouraged him in the j)ayment of large 
sums to employ this vulgar agency in the protection of the 
United States Government. Boucher affirms that the other 
officers with whom he had the misfortune to be thrown, were 
of the same low stripe with Fish; and that they were so 



390 



UNITED STATES BONDS; OE 



exceedingly disagreeable to him, by reason of their constant 
obscenity, and other expressions of depravity, tliat he got a 
parole, which allowed him to leave the room with long inter- 
vals of absence. 

Pairo was formerly connected with the 3d Alabama 
regiment, which was encamped, for a time, near Norfolk —as fine 
looking a body of men as I ever saw. I remember well when 
they passed through Portsmouth. Their unusual height, in- 
telligent and healthy appearance, and numbers, were subject of 
universal remark. Pairo's grandfather was a Prussian, whom 
I distinctly remember from the days of ray childhood. 

Mrs. Stanley, wife of the Rev. Mr. Stanley, of Maryland, 
who has been visiting her sick son, was to-day ordered to leave 
the island. I saw her going to the boat, in company with the 
Provost Marshal. The order took her by surprise, and of 
course caused her great distress. Her son, who was expectino- 
an immediate exchange, is now denied the privilege. No 
explanations have been given, and we are all ignorant" of any 



cause.' 



Friday, 22c7.-Spent much of the day with the Confederate 
officers, in the interior of the fort and at the barracks. Con- 
versed with Capt. W , whose health is very poor, on the 

j,r,^/v'i^*^?""7^°S®^*''-^°*f^°™^'<^"erofC.H.Stan]ey,Esq. dated Oct 2Sfh iwt 

change. I had beoa ill, and my niother ainved to be wi t h m? '^"^''1°/' ^'^Z 
who was in command/supposed I should tXe the o-itlTof^lTp^"!o,V°''- '^^^^oepf, 
Kl^n"""? "f ff ^<^ «'>"«i<5ired he had extendl^d to n y mX7a nd^ 
had requested that my name should be put iu the lifst to ko II> ■ rin™n? i t ^^ 
came to me-my mother was si ttinj? at my bedside-and s-iid • ' sm ,, ?f,. i ^' ^^'^ 
want to ^o South and fl^^lit a-ain?' I answered 'I wi^h:> lm^^>^ •'^°^'*iH 
He replied, 'You shan't go South, you shai ^tay u'eriaTid die ' Eefn 'Son. 
toif. f,^;'f'^®'^ my mother to go to the Fort and remonstrate wifli hfm tt^ 
told herhecouldbe'asmiidasaiamb.andasflerceasatiu-Hr nni if l, 
such a rebel as to bo willing for me to go South she did .i^t Av^'^ f '^^^^ ^'^^ 

DelaJlfe?.",^"^^", of vi.iUng mef' nfthen oVde^ld^kVafde^'to^t^a^e h^FTo" 
Delaware ( ity, and refused an earnest request to eo hack ai.rt hi,i !^^ . 

bye. I could only surmise that she had been sen t Iff. no mesla-e ev?n f."^?"^' 
n ?Wv'* ™*'- '^'\^ '■^/i'^^'' Sloven ^^A satchel, and I l.ep??h^m un?il I mm-ne^^^^ 
after the war. As it happened, the advance of the Federal Army prevented nn 
exchange at that time, and through the Secretary of Schcepf I inanal^,! f'^f,^ 
exchanged among the first in September." '^^uaepr j. inanaged to be 

buX:on»tlTrf 7uTl^1: '"' '"'''"'"''' "' ^°"'^ Mountain, near Gettys- 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL ATJTHOEITY. 391 

subject of personal religion. His mind is much exercised in 
regard to his spiritual condition, and I was gratified to learn 
that he had been benefited by ray sermons, and is now " faintly 
hoping." • 

Had a long talk with Capt. Morgan on religious subjects. 
Questions were proposed in regard to the condition of the soul 
immediately after death ; an intermediate state; the justice of 
God in the eternal punishment of the sinner; the final condi- 
tion of the heathen, &c. — a field entirely too wide even for a 
partial survey ; subjects too high even for the greatest intel- 
lects, or most profound Bible students, to speak with certainty. 

Major Rasin has received a mysterious letter, postmarked 
New Casile, Del., and purporting to bo from a friend, Avho 
informs him of a wonderful feat performed by De La Mar, 
ju*t as the steamer was leaving the wharf. It spates that a 
lady having fallen overboard, De La Mar had leaped into the 
watei', and after swimming a considerable distance, had saved 
her life. The "Judge" does not know what to make of it — 
he is unable to identify his reputed friend, and says the style 
is peculiar. 

Company Q has had an accession of some thirty recruits, 
all from the Potomac. The corps have been notified, that 
many of their number will leave to-morrow, for the Dry 
Tortugas. On the strength of the news, some of the fellows 
got up a burlesque puy-day scene. A man was rolled around 
the yard in a wheelbarrow, with a box in his lap, to represent 
the paymaster. On the arrival of this important personage, 
the Fort resounded with cheers, and there were many demon- 
strations of joy. A good hit; but it will be a long time before 
their pay-day really comes. 

Tosner, our late mail agent, moved his effects from the 
island, to-d:iy. 

The average attendance at prayers. 

Saturday, 2'M.— ^Anartht from Philadelphia has been at 



392 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

work all day, in the casemates, photographing the faces of 
Confederate officers, and a few of tiie political prisoners. 
Special permission was grante I by Gen. Schoepf, who selected 
the photographer, and sent for hira, himsv^lf. He seemed to 
enjoy the progress of the work ; and as most of us appeared 
in our best attire, we were complimented by hira, upon our 
improved appearance, which, of course, was attributed to our 
residence at the fort. 

Another visit to the barracks. Took my autograph album 
with me, and left it for the signatures of the officers, and such 
scraps and sentiments as they might choose to record. Became 
acquainted with Lieut. Moore, of East Tennessee, who was at 
one time a Ruling Elder in the Presbyterian Church, at Chat- 
tanooga, under the pastoi'al charge of Rev. ]\Ir. Bradshaw. 
Major McCreary is another young man from a Presbyterian 
family, exceedingly gentlemanly and polite, and his appear- 
ance soldier-like. Capt. Moore, of Texas, seems to be a pious 

man. Capt. W told me that some years ago he joined 

the Church, but at a time of excitement, and with no well 
grounded hope. 

Capt. S is greatly In earnest to know more of the 

Scriptures, and the religion of Jesus Christ. He longs to be a 
minister of the Gospel ; but shudders at the long preparatory 
training required by the Confession of Faith ; is determined, 
however, tu persevere in the work. He gave me an interest- 
ing a. count of his religious feelings, and of the c'jange 
wrought in his heart, at the Penitentiary; and ref>.rrcd with 
modesty and gratitude, to the blessing which God had already 
given him, in making him an instrument in the conversion of 
one of his associates. We secured an opportunity for a private 
interview, in a vacant ward ; and spent half an hour or more 
in talking of such matters as most delight a young Christian. 

The interior of the fort has presented a scene of continued 
excitement, all day. Besides the picture business, which has 
engrossed many minds, and much time, the authorities have 



D-UEESS BY FEDEKAL AUTHORITY. 393 

been busily making preparatioos for sending off a part of Com- 
pany Q to Florida, One hundred and eighty men took the 
boat, this evening, under a guard of fifty '"galvanized" men 
belonging to Ahl's Battery, and who, though not one of them 
is from Delaware, are called " Delaware Volunteers." Several 
of tlio convicts have privately notified some of the Politicals, 
of a scheme to seize the boat and run her on the Southern 
shore. 

A number of poor Confederates from the barracks, came 
within the Fort this afternoon, with a cart to haul out some 
rubbish. By some means it was ascertained that they wanted 
bread. Every loaf or slice that could be spared from our 
rooms, was gathered up and thrown out to them from the 
windows. It was painful to see them eagerly rushing with 
uplifted hands, to catch the smallest stale scrap. Some of them 
began to devour with eagerness, whatever they were fortunate 
enough to secure ; and others filled th ir pockets and coat- 
bosoms, with the precious food. What does all this mean ? — 
Are these men starving ? They are hungry, very hungry — 
else they would never degrade themselves by rushing for stale 
bread — scrambling for it if it should fall into the dust, and 
then eating it with evident relish. Who is to blame ? — There 
is fault somewhere. 

The "Judge" has found that the letter of yesterday was a 
hoax. It was handed to the Sergeant (as he came up with the 
mail), who, being a new man and a jolly fellow, was willing 
to humor the joke. The poor man has suffered for his folly; 
for the "Judge" having discovered that he had been "sold," 
accosted the carrier, and threatening to report him, gave him a 
dreadful scare. Some of our mischievous boys are chuckling 
over the trick. 

Our number was increased to-day by the addition of Capt. 
Aud, of Montgomery Co., Md., who has been sentenced to 
one year's imprisonment at this place. He is charged with 
aiding, or j^romising to aid, Miss Murray in her escape to the 



394 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

South. He has been robbed by the Yankees of about $3000 
worth of stock and other property, besides losing a number of 
servants. 

Eight or ten at prayers. 

Sunday, lAtli. — INIy congregation at the barracks was quite 
as good as heretofore. We assembled in a new room, and 
consequently had many new faces ; whilst some, who have been 
heretofoi^e attending, were not present. Tliis occasioned some 
embarrassment, as I had selected a subject with special refer- 
ence to several, whose difficulties had become familiar to me 
from repeated conversations. IMy audience, however, was re- 
spectful and attentive, and the result may show the particular 
ordering of Him who wisely directs and over-rules all things. 
Subject: the Mysteries of Divine truth — taking John iii. 9, as 
the basis of remark. 

Had some conversation with Capt. Samford, in regard to 
the propriety of appointing a sacramental meeting. He 
ao-reed with me as to the utility and importance of such a 
step; and it is probable that we shall arrange for the service 
on next Sabbath. 

I found the photograph man at the officers' quarters, regu- 
larly fixed up for taking pictures. I am told that during the 
day he took a number of faces, paying no respect whatever 
to the sacred hours of the Sabbath. But this desecration of 
the Lord's Day is not at all uncommon. In the course of the 
afternoon, I could see from my grated window, great ci'owds 
of men, belonging to the 5th Md. Regiment, engaged in 
various sports, such as throwing at a mark, pitching quoits, 
and boxing ; and afterward the usual dress parade, with music 
by a full band. 

Very unwell all day, and have done but little reading. At 
night tried to hold the usual services, with body and nnnd 
wholly unfitted for the work. Few in attendance. 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 395 

3Ionday, 25t7i. — Several days have jDassed since the an- 
nouncement that the sick were about to be removed. Many 
poor fellows liave been Avaiting in anxious suspense ; but still 
no transport comes. On the night of the order to get ready 
for" removal, an unusual number of patients died in the hos- 
pitals. Since then, everybody has been trying to be ready to 
go. Many are now convalescent, who were thought to be 
quite low. The rolls have been newly revised ; the men have 
been paroled; many letters have been written, and handed 
over to the authorities to be sent directly through ; and all is 
anxiety and expectancy. 

Capt. Long was very unexpectedly released to-day, after 
taking the oath of allegiance. He has always been ready to 
avouch his attachment to the Constitution; but has no friend- 
ship for the Administration, or its acts. Like most of those 
who have been released, however, he considers the oath of very 
little force, in view of the compulsory circumstances un^»er 
which it is subscribed. Capt. Ahl, having some knowledge 
of his feelings on this subject, asked whether he would be 
sincere in taking it. Long simply replied, that " he would 
take it." On his return to his room he was evidently dis- 
turbed ; and it was some time before he could be prevailed 
upon to gratify the general curiosity to know why he was 
called down. He presently jumped into his bunk, where, as 
he stretched himself out, and feeling more at home, he ac- 
knowledged the act; said he would not have done it, but for 
his family ; and that it was the first time he had ever taken an 
oath in bad faith. Such are some of the evils of this imposi- 
tion upon the rights of conscience. 

Maynadier gives an account of a young man named 
Dashlel, from North Carolina, who, after a long imjDrison- 
ment (at Fort McHenry), finding no way of getting out, except 
by taking the oath, applied to the authorities for permission to 
do so. Not altogether satisfied in regard to his loyalty, said 
Gen. Morris : 



396 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

" What are you in favor of?" 

"I nm in fav.r of everything the Government wants " re- 
plied Dashiel. ' 

"But what measures do you apjorove of^" 

a J^Z*'^'*®''''" T "'""'''^' "^ ="" '" ^""^ of abolition, 
amalgamat,o„ suhjugat.on, confiscation, n>is«.genation, an< 
last but not least, of the Presi.lent's a,nnestj- ;rocIamatio„." 
The tlnng was too glaring. Morris was outdone, and 
called out m a ra^e : 

"Sergeant, take this man back to prison." 

"Aunt Janie," or Semiramis, as Gen. Thompson calls her 

W fo°T \' f°"r'^' "' ^-'"y^"^' ^■"' >"•« been cook-' 

to an h P^'-f ',<"«--' '- been ordered outside of the 
fort, and her valuable services are thus lost to the company, 
who must hereafter care for themselves as best they can The 
darkey, too, must suffer by this peremptory order rf our 
capr,c,ous authonties, for her bargain was made at seven 
dollars a week, ,„ greenbacks ; and her "pickings" were no 
small matter. " 

Chaplain Paddock informs me, that he has not had a 
funeral for several days. The hospitals, however, are fuH 
of s,ck, and I frequently see a hundred or more, who ar 
not considered s>ek enough for the hospital, ap;iying for 
med,«nes, m the morning. At tl,e last account there w-ere 
eighty oases of small-pox. 

Ten persons present at worship; we remembered Captain 
i^ong, who leaves us in the morning. 

r,«rf„y 2G(/.--Capt. Long leit this morning. In parting 
with h.s fellow prisoners, he exhibited considerable emotion 
As he took us each, by the hand, he could scarcely si«ak,and 
the tears filled his eyes. He is a worthy man, and a true 
friend of the South. Though not a professor of religion, he 
made It a point, always, to b. present at worship; he repudi- 
ated all iKjuoi-as a beverage; was a great talker; and being 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 397 

always earnestj modest, and sensible, he was one of our most 
popular men ; and has left with the good wishes of all his 
prison associates. 

It was near eleven o'clock before we got through with 
breakfast. I am generally up some thne before my room- 
mutes ; and occasionally make the fire out of my turn, which 
I, now, choose to fill. I should generally be up soon after 
reveille, but for the dilatory habits of the others. When the 
weather is warmer, I shall not wait for them. 

Missed my walk with Gen. Vance, in consequence of the 
late breakfast. Had a round with Lieut. Andrews. This 
young gentleman is an aide-de-camp to Gen. Roddy. He is 
from Florence, Ala., and the son of a Presbyterian father. 
From peculiar circumstances, he did not enter the army for 
fifteen months after the commencement of the war. He Was a 
prisoner at Louisville, Ky., for several months. He has been 
a successful planter and merchant, and gave five hundred dol- 
lars, before leaving home, for the benefit of the widows and 
orphans about Florence. 

Had a protracted, and earnest discussion with Brogden, about 
the true and literal meaning of the word enjilade-^he contending 
that it meant, " firing upon a column from either side, or upon 
both sides, but not at a right angle ; " and I that it simply meant, 
"firing upon a line in its prolongation, or a raking fire in the 
direction of a straight line." Brogden was persistent, and the 
matter was submitted to the paroled officers. Quite an ani- 
mated talk arose; authorities were consulted, and my defini- 
tion sustained. Although the two Generals, a Colonel, a 
Captain, and all the lexicographers were ajainst him, my 
friend Brogden firmly adhered to his position, illustrating the 
old couplet : 

"A man convinced against his •will 
Is of the same opinion still." 

A strong feeling of opposition exists between the regular 
iTankee volunteers and the "galvanized" men, now garrison- 



398 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

ing the island. To-day a quarrel took place, which had well 
nioh resulted in a regular battle. A fio;ht did occur, which 
caubcd Deitz, the Assistant Provost Marslial (a galvanized 
Louisiana " tiger"), to send the " Yanks " to the cells. After- 
wards, a number of men, representing both j^arties, met near 
wharf No. 4, where they passed threats and curses ; and a 
furious mel6e must have ensued, but for the apprehension of 
sevtre usage by the authorities. The disturbance, which con- 
tinued f )r some time, occurred in the presence of most of the 
political prisoners, who were at the time airing on the bank. 

Some of the liquor men complain of a stoppage of their 
accustomed supplies, Dr. Stone having been informed of the 
very disagreeable effects resulting from his large prescriptions 
in favor of certain parties. They have been veiy curious to 
know who could have made himself the busy informant, and 
quite a wrathy feeling has developed itself against a suspected 
person. The truth is, that the evil has grown so much, that 
an embargo has been necessary for the general good. 

Finished reading a work entitled " Beyond the Lines ; or 
a Yankee Prisoner loose in Dixie." The author claims to be 
a Methodist Protestant preacher, named Geer. Having 
patiently, and dispassionately a. ded through its 285 J)ages, I 
have laid it aside, disgusted with it? palpable prejudice, malice, 
and falsehood. It is disgraceful to the pulpit, that such a 
tiling should have been given to the public. I(s object is, 
evidently, to keep alive the burning malignity of the extreme 
fanatics at the North. The intelligent will, at once, discover 
its distorted statements; and the truly pious will be astonished 
at its immorality. But why should I occupy space in referring 
to a book, which justifies the servant in stealing from his 
master; connives at the making, and circulation of spurious 
money; and excuses a minister of Jesus Christ in telling a lie 
to save his life? I mention it, only, to warn the inconsiderate 
against the morality of this teacher of religion, and to save the 
time of those who do not wish to occupy themselves in reading 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 399 

malicious falsehoods about clay- eaters, and blood-hounds; 
chaining white men in pairs by the neck ; pinning prisoners to 
the ground, with stakes, and exposing them to the rain for 
hours, to be released only to die; and last, but not least, of one 
who, though a married man, and a preacher, talks about a 
yellow girl who brings him a " possum leg," as " an angel in 
his eyes." 

Wednesday, 27th. — Visited the barracks. Found the phot- 
ographer still at work with his pictures. Was introduced to 
Col. Welby Carter, of the 1st Virginia Cavalry. He is a large, 
fine looking man, about twenty-seven years of age, and has the 
reputation of being a brave and dashing officer. His home is 
in Loudon county, where he has a fine residence and elegant 
farm. 

Dined with the paroled officers. Had a good dinner of 
ham, mock-turtle, stewed tomatoes, and other delicacies, pre- 
pared by Col. Dick Morgan, who happened to be cook for the 
day. No complaint can be made by these gentlemen, as to 
" prison fare." They are abundantly supplied by friends in 
Baltimore, New York, and ^os^o?i, with all that can be desired 
for comfort or luxury. Scarce a day passes that one or more 
boxes are not opened. To-day the assortment of condiments, 
confections, sealed fruits, vegetables, and other desirable articles, 
to the value of one hundred dollars — all from Yankeedom — 
and the benevolent donation of James Oakes, (Editor of the 
Sporting Jownal), assures us, that there is some heart yet left in 
the old Bay State. Gen. Thompson, M^ho is at the head of the 
mess, and to whom a large proportion of these articles is sent, 
spends much time, assisted by all the other officers, in arranging 
boxes, to be divided out at the barracks, among those who have 
net the same opportunities to procure these comforts. Mrs. 
Thayer continues to send clothing for our needy boys. 

Lieut. Tomlinson, who is quite a young man, and an aide 
to Gen. Ferguson, is rooming with Gen. Vance. He was 



400 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

captured during the recent Stoneman raid in Mississippi. He 
has been in a number of engagements, and has had two horses 
shot from under him. AVhen the first was wounded, lie was 
charging a regiment, of which his own br(jther was Colonel. 
He gives an account of the shooting of a negro woman by fif- 
teen or twenty men, belonging to an Illinois regiment, for 
the inhuman murder and desertion of her three children. She 
was from the neighborhood of Canton, Mi-^s., and was running 
off with the Yankees. Becoming tired of her helpless off- 
spring, she managed to make way with two of the poor things; 
and when nearing Vicksburg, she put the last from her arms, 
and was leaving it by the road-side, when the exasperated sol- 
diers levelled their guns, as by a simultaneous impulse, and 
riddled lijr body with bullets. Tomliuson was an eye-witness 
of the scene. 

Spent an hour in a theological talk with Capt. Morgan, 
Lieut. Andrews, and others — aroused by the proposition of 
various questions which they wished me to answer. Was 
pleased to have this opportunity, and was gratified to find 
them interested in my remarks, which I endeavored without 
" preaching " to make as practical as possible. 

Frequent losses are occurring both of boxes and of money, 
Avhich have been forwarded to prisoners. ]\Iaynadier has 
recently lost a valuable box, which he had waited for with 
anxiety. To-day, Joice has been looking after a remittance, 
which he ought to have received long ago, and wlsicli, though 
acknowledged on the Postmaster's books, has never been put 
into the hands of the person for whom it was intended. The 
circumstances, as developed, reveal ugly dealing among some 
of the lower officials. Sharp words have passed, and the matter 
may have an unpleasant sequel. 

Mr. Rasin received the news of small-pox in' the family 
of his son, and of the death of one of his grand-children. 

Eight persons at worship. 



I 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 401 

Thursday, 28th. — Accompanied Colonel Tucker to the bar- 
racks. Find, that the Colonel is a native of Boston, and that 
he left there at ten years of age. He has suffered much at the 
hands of the Yankees, not only in the loss of a large amount 
of personal property, but also in the great indignities offered 
his family. He is an intelligent gentleman, about thirty-two 
years of age, genteel in appearance, and quite unostentatious. 

I requested on last Sabbath, that any persons desiring 
sppcial advice or conversation on religious subjects, should 
make themselves known to me during the week. To-day, 

Capt. J. H. D , of Arkansas, sought an opportunity for 

private talk. He is a member of the Methodist Church, but 
like many others, who have been exposed to the evil influences 
of the camp, he has found himself wandering from the fold. 
Our interview was pleasant, and I trust not without good. 

I found Capt. S in one of the vacant wards, seated 

uj)on a blanket near one of the windows, diligently engaged 
with his Bible, and Mcllvaine's Evidences of Christianity,, 
which I left with him on last Sabbath. His heart is greatly 
warmed, and he is thirsting for knowledge. 

Gen. Vance told me, to-day, that my sermon on last Sab- 
bath had awakened much interest, and that some of the views 
presented were being used by the friends of religion in repel- 
ling an infidel opposition, which was developing itself among 
some of the officers. 

It is reported that Schley's regiment is to be sent to the 
front ; and that the Fort is to be garrisoned shortly by negro 
troops. I doubt this; but the rumor creates some feeling. 
Should it be true, our situation, as prisoners, will be greatly 
aggravated. 

The evening papers report the fall of Newbern, N. C, but 
it needs confirmation. 

I close this at 10.20 P. M., hoping to finish the evening in 
scratching a few lines to my family. 
26 



402 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Friday, 22th. — We have had a remarkably fine clay — the 
su-n shining brightly ; the air pleasant; the river ruffled only 
by a gentle breeze, and the verdure of the fields on the Dela- 
ware shore promising plentiful harvests, and deriding the folly 
of those who delight themselves in Avar, rather than in the 
peaceful pursuits of agriculture. Plow often docs my eye 
stretch across to those beautiful banks, and my mind wander 
still farther into the interior, bringing vividly to memory not 
only the fertile country, but the people to whom I once 
preached — whom I sincerely loved, and who loved me ; a 
people who thought, and felt with me, not only in regard to 
the interests of religion, but for the most part, on the great 
issues of the day ; who approved of my votes, and speeches in 
the highest conventions of our church ; and who sympathized 
with me, in my attachment to the South. But what, now, is 
the feeling between us ? For myself, I am conscious of no 
change of sentiment, nor of any alienation of heart. But I 
fear it is not so on their part. With some interesting, and 
ever to be remembered exceptions, those old acquaintances 
know me no more, save as an alien, or an enemy. In sight 
of their very church spires, they have suffered me to languish 
in prison ; when sick and in need, they have not visited me ; 
nor have they so much as sent me a trifling remedial for my 
health ; nor a kind word to cheer me, in my absence from my 
family and amid the trying scones of prison life. " Not that 
I speak in respect of want ; for I have learned in whatsoever 
state I am, therewith to be content. I can do all things 
through Christ which strengtheneth me." 

A floating target, roof shaped, with a staff running out from 
the top of the cone, and bearing a white flag, was towed down 
the }iver by the Osceola, to the distance of about a mile, and 
there anchored. We anticip ited an interesting trial of some 
of the barbette guns, and waited with patience, during the 
preparatory movements. Powder and ball were conveyed to 
the parapet, and a good deal of ogling was done by the officials, 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 403 

with their long glasses ; but the target, which had been very- 
restless under the action of the tide, was presently capsized, 
and the fun was spoiled for the day. Monday has now been 
appointed as the day for the grand trial. 

A number of the completed photographs have been returned 
from Philadelphia — most of them are very good. General 
Vance's, Gen. Thompson's, Col. Duke's and my own, with 
others, are pronounced admirable. Others are objected to.^ 

We had eleven persons at worship ; others were busy at 
cards, and the remainder preferred to be excused. 

For a wonder, Brogden is in bed at 11 o'clock. Richard- 
son has just seated himself, for an hour or two in corre- 
spondence. 

Saturday, SOth. — General inspection to-day. All the com- 
panies out ; the soldiers in their best attire ; fine music ; the 
paroles signed; and with the fine weather, the island has worn 
a holiday appearance. 

The photographer has been the great man of the day. 
After the inspection, Capt. Mulotowski had his company 
paraded in squads, for their pictures. He apj)ears to be on 
very familiar terms with his soldiers ; and it was amusing to 
see him fixing the men, and adjusting their arms, caps, etc., to 
give them a graceful appearance. Mulotowski is a Hungarian, 
and was a military man before he came to this country. He 
has more dash and flourish than any of his brother-officers, in 
the garrison. He is a clever, social fellow; loves his beer, 
and schnapps ; acknowledges his ignorance of American 
politics; says "soldiering is his profession," and that he fights 
for the money. He treats the "Rebs " with kindness ; cordi- 
ally shakes hands with the Confederate officers ; and admits 
that a prisoner not only has a right to try to make his escape, 
if not on parole ; but, that duty to his Government requires 
him to do so, if possible. 

IThepopieson wood, which appear la this volume, and which were carefully- 
executed by distinguished artists, whilst they do not profess to be perfect /ac' 
similes, are as nearly like the originals as such pictures are usually made. 



404 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

The artist tried his skill, with a group embracing the 
paroled officers, Brogden and myself, making fifteen in all. 
The company did me the honor to give me the central position, 
with General Vanca on the right, and Gen. Thompson on the left 
— the others seated on either side, or standing in the rear, with 
Bailey Key, the orderly, on a blanket in front. Something 
was said about bringing a couple of Rebel ladies into the 
picture. Gen. Jeff, good humoredly suggested, that it was 
"bad enough to introduce a preac/ter into such company;" and 
so the ladies, beautiful, and thoroughly " secesh," will be more 
appropriately daguerreotyped upon the hearts of certain dis- 
tinguished heroes, for whom their visit was more especially 
intended. 

Visited the hospital, in company with Gen. Vance — he to 
see certain sick officers, and I to have another interview with 
young Reynolds. Dr. Barker, who happened to be the officer 
of the day, and who has the reputation of being " a very bitter 
man," seemed disposed to throw obstacles in the way. AVe 
were admitted, however, and spent half an hour or more, with 

the sick. Capt. , whom Gen. A'^ance desired to see, died 

just after the General entered the ward. There seemed to be 
some fifteen, or twenty officers under treatment; but not more 
than half a dozen are much sick. I was introduced to Col. 
Dougherty, Capt. Robards, and others. Reynolds has been 
quite ill, but is now better. His mother is still with him, and 
expects to remain until he gets well. Prayed with the mother, 
and son; and hurried back to the fort, through a smart shower 
of rain. 

Lieut. T n has received a letter, Informing him that 

liis brother, who has heretofore been a Colonel in the Federal 
army, has resigned his position, and is now " all right." This 
young officer has had much to endure since the war, as Avell in 
the loss of friends, as in the great sacrifices he has made in 
identifying hims?lf with the Confederate cause. Declining 
preferment in the Yankee army, he was disinherited by his 



DUKESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 405 

father. He was derided by the Union men in his own town, 
and his arrest ordered by his brother, for running a man 
through with his sword. He managed to make his escape, on 
a horse belonging to this same brother. He was, subsequently, 
captured in Mississippi, after shooting a man through the 
neck. The two events had no connection with each other. 
Both of the wounded men died. Since he has been at Fort 
Delaware, he has received tidings of the death of his father, 
mother, and two sisters, and of several children of his brother. 
A strange, and sad experience, for so young a man. 

Gen. Scboepf has again intimated to me, that a very bitter 
feeling exists against me, among the subordinates — for what 
reason he did not inform me. 1 presume, chiefly because I am 
a minister of the Gospel, and make no attempt to " curry 
favor." Be it so ! I can never be a hypocrite. But I will 
not be revengeful — though my enemies may continue to be 
ignorant of the fact that my heart sighs for peace ; and that it 
is my constant habit to submit the whole controversy to God, 
with perfect acquiescence in His will. 

Solemn and impressive worship, but only nine in attend- 
ance. 



XII. 

May. 

Sunday, 1st. — Had a good congregation, at the barracks, in 
Division No. 28. Preached from Ecclesiastes ix. 18 : " One 
sinner destroyeth much good^^ Unusually wearisome, and 
drao-wing in my remarks ; but felt in earnest, and was anxious to 
do good. The attention was much better than I had any right 
to expect. Gave notice for a lecture, and prayer meeting, at 3 



406 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

o'clock on Wednesday afternoon ; and for the administration 
of the Lord's supper on next Sabbath. Was introduced to 
Capt. F. C. Robbins, a very sensible, and pious Christian, 
brother, who is looking forward to the ministry. 

We have had a report that the political prisoners are to be 
removed into one of the rooms of the building, occupied by 
Company Q. Much feeling has been aroused about the 
matter, and a paper was drawn up this evening, to be pre- 
sented to Gen. Schcepf, remonstrating against the change. The 
pajDer was brought into No. 6, signed by nearly all the pris- 
oners in the house. I declined jDutting my name to it, on the 
ground that no official information has yet been received ; and 
because too much was made of a supposed reason for the 
change, to wit : that we had complained of our quarters. The 
paper, though intended to be handed in immediately, will now 
be deferred until to-morrow. 

Mulotowski's Dutch have been dancing, at intervals, all 
day, and the sound has been distinctly heard in our quarters. 

Monday, 2d. — A beautiful morning; up early, expecting to 
see my wife. Took breakfast before my " chums " were out 
of bed. Was too soon for the boat, and occupied myself with 
" Young's Night Thoughts " (a favorite work), seated uj^on a 
chosen spot on a pile of rocks, where, should I be detained 
here during the summer months, I expect to have many mo- 
ments of delightful musing. My wife came over at 9 o'clock, 
bringing a couple of heavy baskets, for the comfort of her 
imprisoned husband. AVe took quarters at the island hotel, 
and spent some hours in conversing about our mutual in- 
terests. 

Got a pass from Gen. Schoej)f for my wife, to visit Mrs. 
Reynolds, who is still at the hospital. Had a pleasant inter- 
view, and prayed by the bedside of the young soldier, who is 
now considerably improved. 

Saw the " Rebs " marching in front of their quarters, during 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 407 

the process of cleaning up. Was pleased to find them generally 
looking well. Some poor fellows, however, were evidently 
warn down and out of health. Noticed one man clad only in 
his drawers and a Unitetl States blanket. The sight greatly 
moved my wife. 

A man named Stevens, b longing to Battery A, who has 
been detailed as paintt'r on the new church, fell down the 
f tairs in one of the towers, some time last night, and was killed. 
This is the fifth person, out of nine engaged upon the building, 
who has died since its commencement. Most of them were 
" Rebs." This man was a Dutchman, from Piiiladelphia. 

A hoax has been played off at the barracks, by some of the 
paroled officers (the y( unger men) on their less^ favored 
brethren. It was' reported yesterday morning, that in a few 
days, five hundred privates and sixty officers would be sent 
off, on exchange ; and the officers would be allowed to decide 
which of their ntimber should go. In the joy occasioned by 
this apparently well-authenticated news, the question arose as 
to who should take the precedence in getting away. Various 
plans were proposed, until a suspicion arose that the report 
might not be true after all. Different opinions were ex- 
prised; bets were made, and large sums staked, when, 
presently, the bubble burst, and great exasperation prevailetl. 
The young bloods, who concocted the hoax, were threatened 
with ducking, the next time thsy should come into the pen. 
The future will reveal the result. 

The greatest excitement which we have ever had in our 
quarters, occurred to-night, resulting in a general mcUe, involv- 
ing M and B as principals, and H , 

p_ B, ^ and others as collateral belligerents. Blows 

were struck by the 'first two ; much feeling was manifested by 
everybody ; and it was some time before a few of us, who were 
more pacific, could throw oil upon the troubled waters. It was a 
most unpleasant occurrence, which grew out of a misunderstand- 
ino- in regard to words uttered by G in relation to 



408 UKITED STATES BONDS; OR 

B-_-a,Kl myself, which M felt it his duty to report 

especially to me as his particular friend. There may have 

been an error of judgment; but it was the act of a good heart 

Calmer thoughts have now settled the whole mattef, and with 

he excepfon of the principals in the dispute- both of whom 

ever. U.<y they, too, presently see eye to eye 

My wife, who left in the Osceola, at 4 o'clock this after- 
noon, c.^cpectmg to meet the steamer Eeybold on her way to 

Sar'th ?; "1 '"r'^P°'"'«'' -"1 had to come back to'the 
.sland; the Osceola bemg detained by an accident, which 
nearly cos the life of a poor man, who w.s trying to It a 
tow-hne aboard the steamer f.om his own small boat, wh eh 
was heavdy laden, and tossed by the wind and tide. 

Worship in No. 2 omitted. Spent the night at the hotel. 

Wfne^y, 4th.-Brogd,u has received an order from 
Prestdent Lincoln for his release, forwarded by his aunt, wh^ 
^ a n,e,e of Ch.ef-Jnstice Taney. She gives him sage advice 
as to the manner of conducting himself, on his way to For- 
tress Monroe, and especially in passing through Baltimore. 

Held the services at the officers' quarters, at 3 o'clock ac- 
cording to the notice of last Sabbath. There were, perhaps 
fifty officers in attendance, most of them, as I presume, p o- 
fessoi-s of religion. Had intended to lecture on he firs four 
verses of the eighth chapter of Romans. Concluded, after re- 
viewing the congregation, to offer some practical remarks on 
the siAject of prayer. Was assisted in the services by Cap- 
tains Tracy, Robbins, and Samford, who at intervals idl 
prayer. I invited any person who would like to consult pri- 
vately upon religious subjects, to remain after the benediction 
Several persons availed themselves of the opportunity, amon. 
whom were three old professors, mourning over a backslidden 

state Lieut. A was deeply moved. At the request of 

^-apt. teiiane, I appointed a similar meeting for Friday after- 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 409 

The political prisoners are now allowed two hours a clay for 
airing — one in the morning, and one in the afternoon. 
They are often, however, hurried in, long before the expira- 
tion of the allotted time. This morning they were out 
scarcely fifteen minutes, before the guard very insolently 
ordered the return. This incensed the company the more, 
when they found that the officer of the guard was indisposed 
to notice it. Before going into quarters, Richardson made his 
way, escorted by a corporal, to the office of Capt. Ahl, and re- 
ported the treatment, requesting that some definite orders 
might be given to the guards in future, that the j)risoner 
might be j)rotected from the insolence of the men performing 
the duty. The Captain was courteous, and instantly ordered 
the same guard to go back, and remain a full hour. The 
mortified man, though obliged to obey, pointed his finger at 
the " little editor," and shaking it earnestly, remarked : " You 
shall never leave this place alive, Sir ! " 

Unusually full attendance at prayers. 

Thursday, 5th. — Brogden left this morning — the loss of 
his good company being universally regretted ; but all rejoic- 
ing in the good fortune which releases him from a disagreeable 
imprisonment of a full year. He was, for several months, in 
close confinement, at Fort McHenry ; was for a long time ill, 
with the scurvy; had an experience of several days and 
nights among felons and outlaws, in the guard-house, at this 
place ; and had been sentenced to imprisonment for the war. 
Brogden is a cheerful fellow, and has borne his trials well. 
His sprightliness, intelligence, and extensive acquaintance- 
ship with men and things, at the South, have made him a very 
agreeable companion ; and we shall all greatly miss him. His 
long imprisonment and good memory have familiarized him 
with the cases of all the political prisoners; and he will have 
it in his power, to represent them to great advantage at Rich- 
mond. 



410 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

A middle room having been prepared fur the purpose, in 
the building occupied by Co. Q, the political prisoners were 
transferred to those quarters, soon after breakfast this morn- 
ing. After removing all my goods and cliattels, and uitli tiic 
assistance of Tibbetts, having arranged, and located in tlie 
moi-t eligible part of the house, I was informed by Cunning- 
ham, that my removal was only temporary ; atul that I could 
go back, as soon as the whitewashers and scourers were through 
with their work, if I desired to do so. My preference, of 
course, was to remain in the old c[uarters ; as I could have no 
prospect in the exchange, but of millions of bed-bugs, inces- 
sant noise and confusion, disagreeable scenes of card-playing 
and keno, a thronged room, and the mixed breath of numbers, 
with the scorching heat of the approaching summer. 

About f()ur o'clock, the paroled officers moved into the 
vacated quarters — Gen. Vance and Gen. Thompson going with 
myself into No. 6, and the others arranging themselves, in 
small parties, in the other rooms. Bailey Key came into No. 
6 as a sort of orderly. 

Our room being a little damp, thought of spending the 
night with my old mess ; but calling in at about nine o'clock, 
found the whole company hard at work, burning and other- 
wise destroying bed-bugs. Became alarmed, and — I must 
confess it — beat an inglorious retreat, leaving my friends and 
companions to their sad and miserable fate. 

Joice Avas officially informed to-day, that the Commandant 
was indisposed to incur a personal loss, on account of his 
(Joice's) late remittance from Baltimore; and without explana- 
tion as to what has become of the money, the matter is finally 
disposed of, by a Icind permission, to order and receive a like 
sum from the same source, hy express. 

Have been cheered by a lettir from my "good Samaritan 
friend," Rev. B. H. IMcCown, and by another from my daughter, 
by flag of truce. My daughter's letter is dat; d as lute as the 
25th of last month. She complains of having received no 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY 411 

communication from me for three months, although I have 
written several times. I can't account for it, that letters from 
the South are regularly received, while those from the North 
rarely reach their destination. 

Capt. Wm. F. Gordon, Jr., an early prison friend, who 
was condemned to be shot, but whose sentence has been com- 
muted to imprisonment for the war, arrived at Fort Delaware. 

The changes of to-day interrupted the evening worship. 

Friday, 6th. — Called in, this morning, to know how the 
Politicals spent the night. The tales were doleful indeed. 
The enemy had been down upon them, in countless myriads. 
The whole night was spent in desperate battle. The floor, 
walls, and bedding were stained with blood. Sleep was im- 
possible. Some sat up all night. Others were up and down 
at intervals. The din of battle became so tumultuous, that 
Cunningham, who occupied an adjoining room, commanded 
order, and threatened the. poor wounded sufferers with the 
guard-house. 'Twas all, however, of no avail. Lamenta- 
tions and exclamations prevailed, until near day-dawn. One 
man gave up in despair ; sent valedictions to his friends at the 
South ; and requested they should be informed that he "died 
game." 

Several escapes have occurred, within a few days. Five 
went off at one time. Some of the " E,ebs " have also been 
getting into the officers' quarters. Their object is not reported. 
Last night two men were caught making their way back from 
"the pen" to the barracks, and were lodged in the guard- 
house. 

In consequence of the demonstrations of last night, the 
division at the barracks, heretofore used for religious, and 
other meetings, has been nailed up. By request, another 
apartment was granted for the services this afternoon, and we 
had a good congregation, at the hour appointed. Spoke on 
the great importance of living new to God, and the means of 



412 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

acquiring a higli grade of piety. Had great freedom and 
earnestness. Much interest was manifested. Several back- 
sliders remained for special conversation. Several others 
sought advice concerning the interests of their souls. Two 
unbaptizcd members of the Methodist Church desired that .the 
ordinance should be administered to them to-morrow. The 
meeting was profitable; and it is evident that a work of grace 
has commenced, which promises the happiest results. God be 
praised ! 

Had a long and delightful conversation with Capt. Gordon, 
on religious subjects. Find that some remarks made months 
ago, and prior to his leaving this place for Fort McHenry, 
made a deep impression on his mind, and had their influence, 
in correcting his views in reo;ard to the utter worthlessness of 
a mere morality as the basis of eternal life. He is now a pro- 
fessor of religion Plis father, also, once a moralist, is, now, 
an earnest believer in the doctrine of salvation throuj^h the 
merits of the Lord Jesus Christ. Father and son have cause 
to thank God for the terrible afflictions through which they 
have been called to j)ass. 

Gordon tells mo, that the guard who accompanied him 
from Fort McHenry, deliberately considered a proposition to 
escape with him ; and was only deterred from starting, imme- 
diately, by apprehension of failure ; or, if accomplished, that 
he would be hung by President Davis, as a deserter ; he hav- 
ing been once a soldier in the Confederate army. 

Circumstances have not justified a notice for evening wor- 
ship. I have preferred, with our present company, to await 
their own suggestion. 

Saturday, 1th. — This whole day was spent by the political 
prisoners in plastering every open place in the walls, and in 
stopping holes and cracks in the wood-work of the building, 
in the hope of ridding themselves of the dreadful plagUe of 
last night. Suspension beds were also rigged up by some of 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 413 

them, and canopies thrown over to prevent the bugs from 
attacking them by way of the ceiling — a method to which 
they commonly resort. To-morrow will show with what suc- 
cess all this labor will be crowned. 

T.wo young men from Kentucky (sons of Judge Woolley, 
and grandsons of Hon. Robert Wickliffe, former Postmaster- 
General) were introduced into our quarters to-day. They 
have been attending a military school near Baltimore, under 
the care of Prof Chefelle. All the boys from nine to eighteen 
years of age, were forced to take the oath of allegiance to the 
United States Government, save these two — one sixteen, and 
the other eighteen years of age— who preferred imprisonment 
rather than yield to an act contrary to their feelings. Both 
of these youths are w^earing military clothes, and are desig- 
nate'd, one as a Captain and the other as Sergeant. They are 
intelligent, polite, and evidently well bred young men. 

Sunday, 8^/i.— This has been the most active day I have 
spent on the island ; and I may add, the most interesting, and 
perhaps the most pregnant of results. I preached to the 
officers at 10 A. M., from i. Cor. 21 : "Ye cannot drink of the 
cup of the Lord and of the cup of devils ; ye cannot he partahers 
of the Lord's table and the table of devils:' We had a full 
house. The attention was earnest to the last. After the 
benediction, numbers remained for conversation and advice. 
Capt. White and Lieut. Caldwell were examined, with a view 
to a seat at the Lord's table ; and were advised to come for- 
ward. Capt. H. H. M n gave evidence of the great 

change, but hesitates about an open profession at this time. 
Lieutr^. Hardee and Cyrus responded to an invitation for those 
who have never been baptized, but who are hoping in Christ, 
to make it known. After examination, they were requested 

to present themselves this afternoon. Capt. I) , Lieuts. 

B and A , and others, church members of long stand- 
ing, but lately cold and backsliding, were encouraged in view 



414 ITNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

of their manifest penitence, to renew theii' covenant at the 
table of the Lord. Some okl, professors seemed to be estab- 
lished ; and one lately converted in the Ohio Penitentiary, told 
me that he could now think of scarcely anything, night or day, 
but the subject of religion. He said that Christ was precious 
to him beyond measure ; and that he would wish no greater 
happiness than to gaze upon His face, through an endless 
eternity. 

In the afternoon, we assembled to celebrate the death and 
sufferings of our blessed IleJeemer. Forty-four persons had 
handed in their names as professors of religion, of different 
denominations. These were publicly announced, that they 
might be better known to one another, and a closer intimacy 
established. The services were commenced with singing, 
prayer, and appropriate Scripture readings. An address was 
delivered, explanatory of the nature of the ordinance; and 
illustrative of the obligation involved in the Saviour's com- 
mand, " Do this in remembrance of me." Great solemnity 
prevailed; and many tears were shed by strong men, and 
gallant soldiers. Hardee, Cyrus, White, and Caldwell, in a 
standing posture, responded to certain questions, with a view 
to a public expression of their faith in Christ. Ti)e first two 
Avcre baptized, as they still stood erect ; and the four, in answer 
to the usual interrogatories, solemnly avouched the Lord to be 
their God. 

To relieve the services from every sectarian bias, persons of 
various denominations were requested to assist in the distribu- 
tion of the bread and wine; all of them being officers in their 
respective churches. These persons were Capt. A. M. Sam- 
ford, Methodist; Capt. C. L. Bennett, Bajitist ; and Lieut. F. 
C. Moore, Presbyterian. During the circulation of the sacred 
elements, a profound silence prevailed. At the clone of the 
distribution, the communicants were requested to engage for a 
few moments, in silent prayer to God, asking strength and 

iSee Appendix F. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 415 

blessing for themselves, under the present new and trying cir- 
cumstances; and for such other things as they might desire 
for their families and others. It was an interestino- occasion : 
every man arose, and responded a cordial ameri in his heart, to 
this audible expression from their fellow-prisoner pastor. The 
entire service* were concluded with the dedication hymn : 

" Lord, I am thine, entirely thine" — 

the whole congregation rising, and the communicants joining 
with a full and earnest expression, which told that their 
whole hearts were stirred within them. 

Thus passed this precious Sabbath. May the good work 
be continued, until many souls shall be brought into the King- 
dom. 

Ifonday, 9th. — How Company Q, managed to endure their 
old quarters, is inexplicable. The Politicals, certainly, have 
not managed so well. The bed-bugs have swarmed upon them 
beyond endurance. Failing after the most persevering efforts 
to accomplish anything in the way of subduing the enemy, 
boisterous complaints were made, and orders were given this 
morning for a general inundation of the building. Hose and 
pipes were introduced through the ceilings, and it was not 
long before the water was pouring in heavy streams, from the 
lofts, cuddies, bunks, and every other conceivable rendezvous 
of the multitudinous horde. Of course, every man had to do 
the best he could for himself, in the protection of his "duds." 
These were scattered all about the interior of the fort; and the 
"animals" so lately cage:l, and guarded, were wandering here 
and there about the casemates, hunting quarters, and promising 
themselves at least one good night's rest in the open air. Suffer- 
ing from a violent headache, I had retreated for a time to No. 6, 
in hope of relief by a short nap. The announcement was soon 
made, that all my old associates were being removed to the bar- 
racks. On going down, I found but a single man left to tell 



416 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

the tale ; and notwithstanding the number of very pleasant fal- 
lows around me, in the persons of Generals, Colonels, Captains, 
and Lieutenants, I really felt, for a time, as if I had been 
deserted by all my friends. If they have gone to the officers' 
quarters, they Avill have no cause to regret the change. Had 
not this relief from bed-bugs been affi^rded, a plan to burn the 
building would certainly have been executed to-night. 

My sickness continued all day, and towards evening the 
pain became intense. Gen. Vance and others were very kind 
in their attentions. Mustard was applied to my forehead, 
temples, and the back of my head, and my feet soaked in hot 
water. Xothing seemed to do me much good, until the 
stomach was relieved by a glass of milk-warm water, and the 
nerves quieted by a good sleep. These headaches are almost 
inseparably connected with my Sabbath labors, especially after 
scenes of special interest and excitement, 

Capt. Gibson is enjoying a visit from his wife. General 
Schoepf has been very kind in extending him this privilege; 
and apologizes that the condition of his own family is such, at 
this time, that he cannot have Mrs. G. at his house. Gibson 
is a very clever fellow, a graduate of both Yale and Heidel- 
berg, and very much of a gentleman. His wife is a daughter 
of Henry Duncan^ Esq., of Kentucky, and as I understand, a 
lady of considerable property. Shcf is accompanied by her 
sister. Miss D., and thei^arty are putting up for the present, at 
the island hotel. 

A flaming heading appears in the Philadelphia Inquirer of 
to-day, proclaiming great victories for the Federal armies on 
the Potomac. A few years hence the papers of this date will^ 
no doubt, be*a literary curiosity. Is not this the age of men- 
dacity f 

Tuesday, 10th. — AVe have had several days of unusually 
fine weather. The Delaware river has been as smooth as 
glass — M'hile vessels have appeared as usual, in every direction. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 417 

Visited the officers' quarters, and found the political pris- 
oners located in the vicinity of the west gate, next door to the 
sutler, who has established himself in "the pen," near the 
bank. Regretted to notice several of the Politicals but just 
recovering from a heavy " drunk," and was informed that a 
number of officers had joined with them in the spree. Alto- 
gether, they have had a " high old time." Among the first 
whom I discovered in a state of intoxication, was one in whom 
I felt special interest, and who promised me weeks ago, never 
to touch the poison again. How often it is that a " man 
resolves, and resolves, and yet does the same." 

The awakening continues. • A number of persons have, 
publicly, expressed an interest oa the subject of religion — 

among whom are C:)pt. H. H. M , and Lieuts. J. H , J. 

^<i , and E,. T , with all of whom I have had free con- 
versations, and find them not far from the Kingdom of Heaven. 
I have advised them according to their several phases of expe- 
rience, and pray God to lead them in the way of all truth. 

The two pens, occupied severally by officers and privates,, 
are separated by fences, which stand about fifteen or twenty 
feet apart. These fences are guarded by sentinels, who peram- 
bulate an elevated platform, from which they may overlook 
the two enclosures. It requires considerable dexterity to elude 
the watchfulness of the rough "blue coats," who are there 
night and day. The cunning " E,ebs " have found an expedi- 
ent, in every pebble of suitable weight to S3cure the necessary 
impetus for communication across the parapet. Notes are con- 
stantly falling into the area on the officers' side, complaining 
of hard usage by the Yankee authorities, and asking help or 
redress from the Confederate leaders. To-day, one of the little 
carrier pigeons brought the following t3 Gen. Vance : 

Soldiers' Quarters, ) 

Fort Del., April 2Sth, 1864. [ 
To Gen. Robert B. Vance, 

Or any other Rebel officer : 

Prompted by the gnawing of hunger, I am emboldened to 

27 



418 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

make this appeal to you ; hoping that being informed of our 
sufferings, you can aud will appeal to the Commanding General 
in our behalf, and if possible have our rations increased. 

For breakfast we get one-fifth of a loaf of bread, and from 
four to six ounces of meat — fresh or salt beef, or both — and a 
pint of very inferior coffee. For dinner we get the same 
amount of bread and meat — Sunday and^yeduesday excepted — 
when, instead of meat, we get two or three potatoes, and a cup 
of bean or rice soup. As to supper, we have none. 

Whether the rations are allowed us by the authorities and 
wasted by the cooks, I cannot say, as I do not kuow. But one 
thing is certain, we are suffering. 

Respectfully, 

A HuNGPwY Eebel 

This note was handed to Gen. Vance, who, feeling it to be 
his duty to do so, presented it to Gen. Schoepf. The imme- 
diate reply was : " Say to them, for their consolation — the 
rations are to be reduced." 

The authorities are " shutting down " upon the prisoners, 
in every part of the island. Officers and privates are, alike, 
subject to the rigors of this change. Rations are to be 
reduced ; paroles are to be restricted ; and there are strong 
indications of an entirely new order of things. A notice has 
been stuck up ii^ the hall, in regard to a more systematic, and 
regular inspection of the rooms; and an order has been issued, 
restricting j^risoners of war on parole, to very circumscribed 
limits, and disallowing all intercourse between them and the 
officers at the barracks. 

Unfavorable news by the ''grape vine!" The Yankees 
are encouraged ! 

Heard a musket fire, and noticed a great running towards 
the barracks. What is the matter ? 

Wednesday y 11th. — Great suspense in regard to the news 
from Virginia. All are anxious, but confidence prevails. 
Felt doubtful as to whether the order of yesterday includes 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY 419 

myself. As it mentions only prisoners of war, concluded to 
consider myself not implied, and started with my Bible in 
hand, to hold the usual Wednesday evening service in the 
barracks. To test the matter — after consulting with the Chap- 
lains acd others-— resolved to advance on the sentinels. Was 
halted at (he bridge. Showed my permit to visit the officers' 
quarters. Without reading it, the Dutchman informed me, 
that his orders were to let no one pass, with or without a per- 
mit. I argued the matter with him, and directed him to call 
the corporal. After some delay, the officer came, furiously 
swore at the sentinel, and demanded how he had dared to stop 
a man with a pass ; and whilst the two continued the quarrel, 
I walked on. Other sentinels challenged me, and a second 
corporal came, who hesitated ; but after assuring him that I 
was neither an officer, nor a prisoner of war, he took the respon- 
sibility and cleared my way to the barracks. A crowd gath- 
ered around, and I found great anxiety to know why the new 
order had been issued. I could only say, that it had probably 
grown out of the spree of night before last ; others thought 
the Yankees were in the receipt of bad news. 

Found quite as much excitement in " the pen," as in the 
interior of the Fort. • The division, in which we had been 
holding meetings, was nailed up. Another room had been 
granted by an officer; but in the midst of the service, a second 
official came in and ordered the company to disperse. It was 
doubtful how far the embargo extended. Some thought, it 
had no reference to the day-light meetings. I advised, , that 
we should make no movement in the opposition, and suggested 
a suspension of the service^, until such time as we can be 
clearly and definitely informed. 

The firing, yesterday, was occasioned by Maj. Halliburton's 
passing the board-walk, which runs midway across " the pen," 
— an order having been recently issued, interdicting the space 
between the walk and fence next to the quarters occupied by 
the privates. Halliburton had heard nothing of the order; 



420 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

nor did he hear the order of the sentinel. He was immediately 
fired upon, and though but a few rods distant, fortunately 
escaped the shot. The sentinel came very near being mobbed 
at once. Colonel Carter, who was standing by, immediately 
rushed upon the man and seized his musket. The fellow 
called the Corporal, and a squad of soldiers from the guard- 
house were in " the pen " in a moment. The excitement was In- 
tense, but the appearance of an officer, and the interposition 
of several calmer '' Confederates," prevailed to quell the riot. 
Halliburton, Carter, and the sentinel were all taken to the 
guard-house. After a night in duress, the " Rcbs" were dis- 
missed. What has resulted to the soldier, is not known. 

There is an evident apprehension of an outbreak. Impru- 
dent persons have been making open threats, and a message 
was sent to Gen. Schoepf, that should Gen. Lee succeed in 
Virginia, the Fort would be taken with brick-bats, and he 
confined In the ice-house. These words were vauntingly said 
by some poor fellows under the influence of liquor, and of 
course meant nothing ; but the result is a great increase of 
vigilance, and all the ills of the last few days. 

The fall of Fort Darling was announced to the troops, this 
afternoon, whilst on dress parade ! What a farce ! Don't 
these people know the falsehoods they jiublish ? 

Capt. Noel, an officer belonging to the staff of the late Gen. 
Bowen, was this evening brought into the Fort, and assigned 
to No. 4. 

Thursday, 12th. — Gen. Vance has become an intimate and 
pleasant associate. He is fond of his books, and pen ; and is 
near me all day, eitlier at the table, in reading and writing, 
or in perambulating the island, which we generally do about 
twice a day. The General is a devotee to poetry, and has 
written several very sprightly articles, since he came to the 
Fort. He is fond of a good joke, loves to sing, and is always 
in a fine humor. His penmanship is elegant. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 421 

I have comforted myself, to-day, with the following spon- 
taneous lyric, which I record for the meditation of my family : 

THE ALL-SEEING EYE. 

There is an eye that pierceth far 
Through weighty clouds of darkest hue; 

Its lustre brighter than the star 
That shines upon the evening blue. 

That eye pervades the pris'ner's cell, 

Defying e'en the walls of stone; 
Lights up the gloomy dungeon well, 

And proves the suflFerer not alone. 

It penetrates the secret soul, 

And searches every silent thought — 
It radiant burns beyond control; 

And melts the hardest chains to naught. 

It prompts the oppress'd in God to trust, 
Mid sorrows, low'ring as the night — 

Displays the Tyrant's hand but dust — 
And fills the soul with heavenly light. 

That eye beholds the hidden fount 

Of human motives deep within ; 
And reckons with unerring count 

The conscience-throbs, that hold from sin. 

The eye that thus such power displays, 
Beams from the dazzliug throne above; 

Illumes the breast with cheerful rays. 
Enkindling fires of purest love. 

Sweet thought !— that nerves the mind to deeds 

Of stable and unfaltering will — 
My soul, nor bars, nor halter heeds; 

For God alone the soul can kill ! 

Jehovah I search this heart of mine ! 

Scan Thou the secret motive there — 
Grant me a purpose kin to Thine, 

And bless the fervor of my prayer. 

A contract surgeon, from Camp Chase, named Lee, became 
one of our number to-night. He says he is a native of Vir- 
ginia, and was born on the James Kiver. His mother was 
from England. He has been sentenced to one year's impris- 



422 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

onment, for bearing money to Rebel patients. He has a ■wife 
and five children in Chicago ; and left one of his children at 
the point of deatli, with the small-pox. 

Friday, 13lh. — Had the good fortune to get two letters 
from my daughter, in Virginia — one dated March 7th, and 
the other April 11th, and both post-marked the 10th lust. I 
am glad to find that friends, in Richmond, have not forgotten 
me, and that my dear children are well. 

Spent nearly the whole day in writing Scriptural acrostics 
— an amusement, in which I have been joined by Gen. Vance. 
We liave been prompted to this, by a request from my 
daughter, who a^ks that I would favor her with an acrostic on 
her name, in the style of one M'ritten years ago, for her brother. 
We have found this employment an agreeable pastime; and 
hope the result may be useful, to absent loved ones. 

Startling reports from the Potomac ! Great suspense and 
anxiety among the prisoners ! — but firm confidence in the 
wisdom of our Generals, and in the purpose and bravery of 
the Confederate armies. Some of us — and among these are 
persons who make no profession of religion — are looking to 
the arm that wields a jiower beyond that of man. 

A great game of chess has been played to-day, between Gen. 
Thompson and Col. Duke, assisted by their friends. The two 
parties occupied separate rooms, consulting among themselves, 
and announcing their moves through a messenger. The sport 
lasted several hours, and resulted in favor of Gen. Jeff. 

Dr. Lee, who is a splendid singer, and performs on the 
guitar, gave us some elegant music to-night, and greatly re- 
lieved the tedium of our present suspense. 

Saturday, 14th. — To what extremes the Yankees go, in 
their bitterness toward the South ! The " slaveocracy," as 
they are pleased to call all those who oppose their fanatical and 
rabid views — " are wicked, and only wicked, continually." The 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITT. 423 

extermination of the race is not, with them, a mere matter of 
talk. They desire it, and strive for it. We, sometimes, have 
exhibitions of this insane idea, among the understrappers on 
this island, which it is, really, difficult to bear. The sutler's 
establishment has a nest of thc^e strange birds about it. One 
Emory, who is a principal clerk, gave Charleton Morgan a 
dose of venom this morning, nauseating in the exti'eme. 
Among other things — true to the characteristic infidelity 
of this class — he violently suggested, that should Grant be 
unfortunate in Virginia, it would be j)roof positive that the 
Bible is not from God — or tiiat God himself is not to be 
revered. Thus, these men, originating a standard of their 
own, condemn or deny the Almighty, if He does not con- 
form to what they propose as the measure of wisdom and 
righteousness. I have, myself, before coming to this place, 
heard one of their preachers urging the impropriety of fur- 
nishing medicines to sick Rebels ; and another violently advo- 
cating the utter expulsion from Southern soil, of all Avho would 
not f^dopt their rule of right. 

The impers announce a great change in the sentiment at 
Portsmouth and Norfolk ; and speak, in congratulatory terms, 
of the prevailing loyalty of the people of those oppressed and 
ruined cities. Why will men delight themselves in open false- 
hood ! Who is to be deceived by these miserable untruths ; and 
what is to be gained by such continued misstatements ? The 
Southern sentiment, in the two cities, is as rife as it ever was 
among the comparatively few who really belong there. Large 
numbers of old citizens have been driven away, and are now 
■waiting, in suffering, as scattered refugees, throughout the 
Confederacy, hoping for the day of their return. Those who 
remain, are obliged to be " mum," or submit to banishment, or 
hard labor upon the Yankee works. Freedom of speech, and 
even freedom of thought (as in the case of Dr. Armstrong), is 
entirely crushed out, by the inhuman cruelties which the reign 
of terror has employed. Hundreds of adventurers, jjlun- 



424 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

derers, and Mammon worshippers, have crowded into those 
places, seizing upon property, and "rooting out" all who join 
not with them, in their'deeds of injustice and rapine. Have I 
not cause to be thankful this day, that I am a i)risoner at Fort 
Delaware ! How could my heart endure the greater sufferings 
of a mock-freedom, even among my own people, and within 
my own doors ! 

Our long table, located temporarily in the middle of the 
room, has, this evening, been surroimded with busy writers; 
whilst Dr. Lee has regaled us with good music, enlivening our 
spirits, and causing the pen to be driven with a greater 
celerity. 

Sunday, lidth. — Had much difficulty this morniug, in de- 
ciding whether I should make an effort to visit the officers' 
quarters, without seeing the General ; or, assuming that the 
late order did not include myself, I shoukl venture again, upon 
my old pass. Concluded to see Gen. Schoepf, and learn 
whetlicr I am to understand him as interdicting my visits, 
and thus putting an end to the preaching. He received me 
with less affability than usual ; and, in reply to my inquiry^ 
informed me, that "everything is closed up," — adding, "I 
am acting under orders." This settled the matter, at once, 
and I returned to my casemate, regretting that a door of use- 
fulness had thus been closed ; but feeling that I had done my 
duty, and leaving the result to God. 

I was reclining in my bunk, thinking about the present 
restrictions, and doubting whether I was better off, with or 
without my parole — when Cunningham came in, and an- 
nounced that Capt. Gordon, Capt. Noel, Dr. Lee, and Dr. 
Handy must get ready to remove to the barracks, immediately. 
Vie were soon packed up ; and followed the sergeant to our 
new quarters outside of the fort. I found that the political 
prisoners had been removed from their first locality ; and were 
now occupying "Chebang" No. 26. Several strangers had 



DTJEESS BY FEDEBAL ATJTHOEITY 425 

followed them in, whom I soon found to be regular gamblers, 
seeking prey. 

After all, the good providence of God is apparent. At 
the usual hour for evening services, I met a crowd of hearers, 
and preached from Heb. xi. 3, "How shall we escape, if we 
neglect so great salvation f " A solemn and attentive audience ; 
and the Word, evidently, received with gladness. Was assisted 
by several brethren, who led in prayer. A work of grace is still 
in progress. 

Monday, Uth.— Spent the day, mostly, in writing. 
Made my entree into the dining apartment, and took my 
place, for the first time, at the common table, with my fellow- 
prisoners. A quarter of a loaf of bread, a very small piece 
of boiled beef, and a tin-cup two-thirds full of rice soup, con- 
stituted the ration. Major Bullock treated me to a slice of 
ham (all the way from Kentucky), Avhich I readily substituted 
fur my coarse and unpalatable beef. The soup was the first 
of the kind I had ever tasted, and was much better than I ex- 
pected. Those who are in the habit of receiving boxes, have 
formed themselves into messes, and bring their extras to the 
table with them. The sutler's store is hard by, at which those 
who are able to buy cheese, butter, eggs, &c., avail them- 
selves of the opportunity, by paying, of course, the most exor- 
bitant prices. 

In returning, to-day, from "the rear," I stopped for a few 
moments, to look out upon the water — intending nothing 
more than, a glance, and ignorant of any order to the contrary. 
The rough, and impudent sentinel immediately called to me 
from his elevated stand, on the top of the water-house, and 
insolently ordered me to pass on. Mistaking the command, I 
continued standing with my back to the fellow, until he 
repeated the order a second, and a third time, and threatened 
to fire. I could understand nothing but his abuse, and might 
have been shot, but for the intervention of friends who urged 



426 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

me forward. Had the man informed me of the requirement, 
or addressed me with any sort of soldierly decency, T should 
have obeyed at once. The truth is, Ave have a set of low pol- 
troons on guard, whose pleasure it is to insult, and brow-beat 
the prisoners, on the slightest provocation. 

We have had a great "fuss," this evening, about calling 
the roll. The Sergeant lias passed around, and taken the 
names in each division ; and persons are delegated from among 
the prisoners, to call the names under his direction. "Judge" 
liasin has been appointed to the duty in our "shebang." 

I find that the prisoners are, now, allowed only half a pago, 
in the letters to be sent out. Ten cents is the charge for each 
page, in excess of the rule. 

Our evening services were well attended. The interest in- 
creases. Subject, to-night : Repentance. 

Tuesday, 17th. — Another change ! In pro3j)ect of the 
coming of a large reinforcement of officers, we were ordered, 
this morning, to vacate division 27, and move into 23. By 
this arrangement, we have gained considerably. We have a 
larger room, and a better locality — giving us more shade, 
ampler space, and a greater proximity to "the rear," which, 
even now, is only reached by one hundred and fifty steps. 

At about four o'clock, the expected reinforcement arrived, 
numbering one hundred and eighty-four officers — Colonels, 
Majors, Captains, and Lieutenants. Maj.-Gen. Edward John- 
son, and Brig.-Gen. George H. Stewart are, also, on the island, 
in our old quarters, in t le interior of the Fort, and have 
accepted paroles. We are greatly surprised at the a2)pearance 
of the crowd, after so much exposure, and fatigue. A more 
healthy looking set of men I have not seen. They are all 
dirty, of course; but not ragged. They seem, generally, to be 
in good spirits, and bring cheering accounts from the front. 
One hundred officers were left at Point Lookout. They came 
under strong guard, but were treated with respect. 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 427 

Was invited to dine with the gentlemen of Morgan's 
Division. In consequence of the new arrivals, considerable 
confusion occurred among the messes, at the table. These 
gentlemen were exceedingly generous in dividing their stores 
among the new-comers ; but we had enough left f )r ourselves, 
includhio- plenty of fine ham and blackberry preserves; aud 
mio-ht have forgotten our prison, for a moment, had we not 
noticed hundreds around us restricted to the coarse and unpal- 
atable fare of the common table. 

Held the accustomed meeting, at No. 31. The large room 
was filled with earnest worshippers. Subject of discourse: The 
willingness of Christ to receive even the greatest sinners. 

Several gentlemen called in to see me — among whom was 
Capt. Buford A. Tracy, of Morgan's command. This officer 
is a member of the Old School Baptist Church, and, evidently, 
an earnest Christian. He gave us a detailed account of the 
manner in which Gen. Morgan made his escape. It took 
nineteen days, for about twenty men, working eight hours 
eacli day, to cut through the cemented pavement, dig the earth' 
tunnel, and penetrate the two walls, each about three feet in 
thickness. The tools with which they worked were old knives, 
and a fire shovel. The working band was thoroughly organ- 
ized and many of their own number were not informed of the 
secret. Capt. Tracy, generally, acted as watchman, and desig- 
nated the approach of danger, by a peculiar cough, or clearing 
of the throat. The attention of the sentinels, in the long 
passage, was drawn off by anecdotes, " yarns/' dancing, and such 
other means as they could resort to, as the result proved, with 
the greatest success. Seven men got out. Two were subse- 
quently caught — one of whom was Capt. Sam. Taylor, a gal- 
lant young officer, about twenty-two years of age, and a nephew 
of the renowned " Old Zack." He is now a prisoner at Fort 
Delaware. 

Wednesday, 18th.— The roll, which has been called at an 



428 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR 

early hour, the last two mornings — much to the annoyaiice of 
some of us, who are too unwell to be up in time to answer to 
our names — was, this morning, omitted; and is not likely to 
be called again, unless there should be some new alarm and 
apprehension of escapes. 

In walking around very soon this morning, was pleased to 
find a number of persons diligently engaged in reading their 
Bibles. This is a new feature in our prison history. It is 
evident, that there is a great awakening in our midst, and 
troubled sinners are searchinji; to know the truth. 

Spent much of the morning in conversing with backsliders, 

and inquirers on religious sulijects. Lieutenants M y and 

H e, who have been under long conviction, have, at last, 

found peace in believing. 

Among the new-comers, there ;s an unusually large pro- 
portion of professing Christians. Colonels Norvell Cobb, 
William Lee Davidson, Isaac Hardeman, and P. E. Devant, 
are all members of Christian churches. Adjutants James W. 
Thomas, and W. M. Dwight are also professors of religion. "We 
have Captains and Lieutenants, representing nearly every 
branch of Christ's Church. Capt. Thomas W. Harris is a 
Methodist preacher ; and I find several young men who are 
looking forward to the ministry. There are, also, several 
ministers' sons, among whom is Lieut. James N. McFarland, 
a son of the venerable Dr. McFarland, of Virginia. 

I have heard, to-day, with deep regret, of the death of Capt. 
Noah J. Rawley, the Methodist brother who was so. long a 
prisoner at this place, and my esteemed coadjutor in the relig- 
ious eff.irts, several months ago. He died of small-pox at 
Fort McIIenry, during a third imprisonment. The sufferings 
of this excellent man will never be fully known, even by his 
most intimate friends in Maryland. He is now, I trust, 
" where the wicked cease from troubling, and the weary are at 
rest." 

Great interest was manifested in the evening service. The 



DTJEESS BY FEDERAL AITTHOEITY. 429 

house was fiiU, as usual. Subject of remark : Evidences of the 
New Birth. 

Thursday, 19th. — We have had lowering weather for 
several dajs. The rooms are very damp, and my bedding is 
covered with heav^' dew. I foar we shall all be sick. 

The usual- prayer meeting at nig*.t. Room well filled. 
Endeavored to show the sinner the folly of his indifference, 
from the fact of the great difficulties in the way of his salva- 
tion. 

Appointed an inquiry meeting for half-past nine A. M. to- 
morrow. 

Friday, 20th. — It has been ten months, to-day, smce my 
arrest. I have had many trying, anxious moments during 
this time, and have suffered much, both in body and mind ; 
but I thank Go:l, I was ever brought to Fort Delaware. That 
His providence has had to do with it, I cmnot doubt. A field 
of usefulness has been opened to me, more important, per- 
haps, than I could have occupied elsewhere. How I have 
tried to cultivate it, He knows, and eternity can only reveal 
with what result. 

The meeting at half-past ten o'clock was well attended, 

both bv church members and inquirers. Lieutenant? H s, 

11 e, ^I V, and T 1 have each expressed a hope in 

Christ. Lieut. B 1 al=o thinks, he has experienced the 

great change, but hesitates about a present open profession. 
Have conversed fireely with all these young men, and trie<:l to 
lead them in the paths of righteousness. 

Had a pleasant interview with Col. Davidson, of Xorth 
Carolina. He is a large, fine looking man, and an officer in 
the Tth regiment. He comes from Charlotte, and is a blood- 
relation of the Brevards, whose history is so intimately asso- 
ciated with the ^Mccklinburg Declaration. He tells me that he 
has lost a brother in battle, and that he has furnished the 



430 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Historical Society of North Carolina with an account of his 
life and death. 

I have procured a number of small hymn-books (Union 
Prayer-meeting) from Chaplain Way, for the use of our meet- 
ings, and have distributed them to-day, much to the delight 
of the brethren, and especially of those who are prominent in 
keeping up the services. 

A bar-room is about to be opened by the sutler, at which 
liquor will be sold by the drink, instead of the bottle, as here- 
tofoi-e. How strangely inconsistent are these Yankees ! Thoy 
advertise liquor as a contraband article ; sell it by the quantity, 
or small, as they can venture to do it; wink at drunkenness, 
provided it does not become public; and then punish the first 
demonstration of it on the part of prisoners — although they 
are frequently intoxicated themselves, and that with perfect 
impunity. 

The Masonic Fraternity are holding regular meetings in a 
division, which is allowed them for the purpose. I under- 
stand, that about one hundred persons are assembling in this 
capacity. A Lyceum has also been organized, which meets 
once a week. 

A private prayer-meeting has been established, the object 
of whicli is, to pray for growth in grace, and fir guidance in 
regard to the best modes of operating for God's glory, and the 
salvation of souls whilst in prison. At present the number is 
restricted to such persons, as are willing to engage with one 
another to enter upon the work before them. 

The good weather has dried up the mud and water in "the 
pen," and many of the young men amuse themselves with vari- 
ous athletic sports, of which Prisoners' Base seems to be the 
most popular. These sports can the more readily be carried 
on just now, in consequence of the removal of the guard from 
the interior — a strange thing, nevertheless, as but a few days 
have elapsed, since a sentinel shot at an officer for simply 
crossing the middle walk. Now the whole yard is free, and 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 431 

no sentinel is posted, except on the outside. Why could this 
not have been done before?— and why should such unreasonable 
restraints have been imposed at the first ? 

The evening services were conducted by Capt. Saraford, 
who addressed a full 1 ouse, on the subjects of thanksgiving, 
and vows. His remarks were good, and received, I think, 
with profit. 

Saturday, 21s^.— I have this day received a letter from my 
oldest son, who is engaged in the Confederate service, as a 
signal officer, on the Flag-ship, in the James Eiver. His post 
is a responsible one ; and I trust he may be long spared to do 
a good work in the service of his country — and by and bye 
to.hold forth a glorious beacon-light in the army of the great 
Captain of salvation ! 

We have, at last, had a general distribution of blankets, 
which supplies a need long felt by officers and privates. A 
few persons are still unprovided for ; but a neighborly spnnt 
has prevailed, and the division has been as equitable as the 
circumstances would allow. Advertisements have appeared, 
on the bulletin, asking help of those who are more abundantly 
supplied. I find, also, considerable destitution of clothing; 
and frequent inquiries are made as to the possibility of relief. 
Some are trying to buy, and others are obliged to call upon 
sympathizing friends, in Baltimore, Philadelphia, or elsewhere, 
as tbey can obtain the names of the benevolent and good. 

At the evening services, addressed the company, from 
Amos iv. 12 : ^^ Prepare to meet thy God" 

Sunday, 2 2d.— Interesting services, all day. Crowds in 
attendance. Preached in the morning from Rev. xxi. 7: "He 
that overcometh shall inherit all things.'' Great feeling mani- 
fested. Sp'.ke, at night, on ii. Cor. v. 7: " We walk by faith, 
and not by sight:' A continued and deep impression. 

We were astonishe.l, at dinner, by an extra allowance of 
three potatoes, to each man. 



432 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Monday, 23c?. — Inquiry meeting at half-past 9 o'clock 
A. M. A number of backsliders in attendance, and greatly 

concerned. Cai)t. E, -s, and Lieuts. S r, H 1, and 

others, asking for light. Capt. K s, not far from the 

Kingdom. 

At 11 o'clock, spoke to Christians on the subject of personal 
effort for tlie glory of God. 

Capt. Harris preached, at night, from i. Kings, xviii, 21 : 
"How long halt ye between two opinions f " 

Tuesday, 24:th. — Suffering with severe cold, from the change 
in my quarters, and the late damp and variable weather. 
Eating at the general table, and faring badly. Have written 
to my wife, to try and send me some suitable food. 

Many officers are found to be destitute of necessary cloth- 
ing. Shirts and drawers especially needed. 

Inquiry, conference, and general meetings as usual, and to 
be continued as long as useful. The windows of Heaven are 
opened upon us. Am laboring hard every moment. Six 
young converts. From 100 to 150 in attendance every night. 
Capt. A d and others asking the prayers of the Church. 

Six hundred officers now in the barracks. 

Wednesday, 2bth. — Health very poor. Suffering from cold, 
occasioned by exposure, in my darnj) and open quarters. 

Inquiry meeting at half-past 9 A. M. Interrupt; d, in the 
12 o'clock meeting, by the Masons, who wanted their room. 

.Capt. A has found peace in believing. At night j'jreached 

to a full house, from Luke xiv. 18: "I pray thee have me 

excused." Great interest manifested. Capt. R s, Lieuts. 

G 0, and S s, asked the prayers of the congregation. 

After service three persons remained in the division, (lights 
out,) for pmyer and conversation. 

No letters received this day by the political prisoners. 

We have a report that Gens. Thompson, and Johnson have 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 433 

made their escape. The officers outside have been relieved of 
"their paroles. 

Wrote to the Rev. Messrs. C. H. Mustard, of Delaware, 
and G. W. Kennedy, of Maryland, asking donations of religi- 
ous books, new, or old. 

TJiursday, 26th. — Damp and rainy; and the floor of the 
divisions covered with mud and water. 

Increased attendance at the inquiry meeting. Capt. E, s 

still in the dark. 

Conference meeting as usual, at 12 M. Addressed by 
Capt. Gordon, Lieut. Bullock, and myself. 

Preached at night from E,om. xiii. 11 : "Noio it is high 
time to awake out of sleep," Three persons ask the prayers of 
the church. 

Friday, 27th. — The usual inquiry and conference meetings. 
Sermon at night from Isaiah Ivii. 21 : '^There is no peace, 
saith my God, to the loiched." 

The revival progresses. My time constantly occupied in 
ministerial duties. Interesting interview after evening service 
with Lieut. B 1, of Kentucky. 

Saturday, 2Sth.- — Liouis. S 1, and L n find peace at 

the inquiry meeting. Conversations during the day, with the 
awakened. Capt. Samford lectured at night, from a passage 
in the Epistle of James. Three persons on the " anxious 
seat." Capt. McQ n calls after services, for instruction. 

Received a written request, signed by six officers, asking 
me to preach from i. Jno. iii. 1 : "Behold tohat manner of love, 
<Scc." 

Three cases of small-pox are reported iu tlie officers' bar- 
racks. Dr. Lee is invited by Lieut. Wolf (Assistant Com- 
missary of prisoners) to regale him with music ou the guitar. 
Query as to the nature and result of this intimacy. Is the 
Doctor a S2:»y ? 
28 



4P)4 UNrrioi) mtati^m i'.dndh; or 

(';i|»(. II H ntclIncM wilJi iiic, in my hunk, iiiilil :i lato 

hour, iiKjiiiiiii}^ coriccriiiiij.^ IIk; lliiii;^H of IIk^ K iiijMloiii. 

)^iiii(l(tif, I'.U/h. — (!r()\v(l.s ill aKciidiUHH! :iL prcacliiii;;. Siih- 
jfcl ill llic fiirciiooii, T/ir ./ii(l(/nicnl — toxt: Mai. iv. f): "T/ir 
f/rad and drcadfid dm/ of Ihc Lord." Dec;)) ('(iflinj^. Afler 
prcucliiii^, niimbci'H of yoiiii^ nicii wen; sccjii walkiiii^uIoiK!, in 
ViuioiiH (linMitioiiH aUoiil, " IIk; pen," (ividciilly alworbcd in 
incdilalioii. 

JiiciiL II II ohlaiiis peace, durint^ IIk; siiifi;ln^ of the 

(IfHl, Iiyrnii, in (Ik; moniiiiji; Hcirvicc, and with diniciilly rcstniiiiH 
liimsf'IC (Vuiii crying aloud. 

SoiiK! profiiHHoi'H o(" r(ili[;ioM report iJiemHclvcH, for llio first 

time, us Hiieli. Visilcid I»y Col. I) and Adjt. ]) . 

Ijik^rcHliii}^ (M)nv(!rHalioiis willi (licin. 

Orp^aiiized a liihle class, miiiilieriiifij ninely ofTicerH. Ciroat 
iiilcrcsl, nianireslcd. TIk! Pipislle io llic KNtinaiis selecled lor 
sljidy. (Jcii('r;ii ill((llI^^■ (iir IliMcs. 

('apl.. I lari'iH oeeiip'ed tlie slainl at ni^^Iil, aii<l preached an 
excelleid, HcriMoii. AClcr sermon, r(!iiiaiiie<l (o converse! \viUi 
iiKpiirers. ,[ - (an infidel) hnivcH [\w inllnences of the day, 
l)y Hieing a ^aiiu! of c;irds, I)>lore reliriii}^. 

Mnada,/, '.\{)lh. Mrs. A. \\ . I'jiily, of rhiladejpliia, sends 
us a (iiiiely ulfl, of I>il»le.s and 'reslaiiicnls, which are receiv(>(l 
vvilh };'rea( j(»y. 

Jiupiiry nieelin;:; as usual, al haIf-|)Msl, i> y\. M. Ijieiil. 

H 1. aKciid.s, and is in ereal, lroiilil(< ahoiil, his ncgligouce 

in Avaniin^;- aii iiiipenileiil, hrolher, now deceased. Asks pray» r 
and couiiM'l. (':ip(. Mc(^ — - — ^n says he has "gathered all his 
sins into a hiir.dl.' and c:isl (heiu upon IIk; i^ord." l'\)iir(('en 
Capt:iinsand Licnlc^nanls have given their hearts fo Clod, since 
\\w comiiKMicement of the rovival. Majy Uicksliilers liavc 
been reclaimed. 

( ap(. \\ . V. Cj has decided for tho minislry; lakes an 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 435 

active jiart in the meetings ; and is diligently engaged in Bible 
studies — a man of fine mind, and respectable attainments, and 
promises to be greatly useful. 

Was too sick to attend the niglit meeting. Capt. Samford 
conducted the services. 

Tuesday, Z\st. — Was obliged to go to the hospital for medi- 
cine. Escorted thither, by a guard of blue-coats. The first 
time I have been outside of "the pen," since my assignment 
to these quarters — my parole having been withdrawn, ujwn 
coming in. Crowds of sick men were awaiting tiicir turns, 
standing or sitting in rows, upon the ground. A patient, who 
reclined at njy feet, told mo he had the small-pox. 

The Masons desiring the use of tluiir room, the inquiry 
meeting was suspended. The conference meeting at 12 M. 
well attended. Five Colonels present. The meeting was 
conducted by Lieut. Caldwell, of Mo., who was admitted to 
the Church, only a few Sabbaths ago. Remarks by myself. 
Subject, the great paradox: — God working in man, by man. 
Capt. K s, and Licuts. M s, and W r are inquiring. 

Still suffering from cold, and general indisposition. Our 
division is exceedingly damp, and open. We have water 
standing under the floor, all the time — and the late rains have 
greatly increased the disagreeableness of our surroundings. 

An order has been issued to clean, and fix up, for the ex- 
pected coming of Gen. Hoffman. 



XIII. 

June. 



Wednesday, \st. — Inquiry meeting at the usual hour, A. 
M. Three earnest seekers. Lieut. M -s has found peace, 



436 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

from reading Tract No. 339 (Am. Tr. Soc), " Obstacles to 
Conversion." 

Col. Cobb conducts the 12 o'clock meeting. Remarks 
by Col, Cobb, Capts. Gordon, Samford, and myself. 

Large attendance at night. Lectured from the parable of 
the Prodigal Son. Three persons came up for prayer. Had 

a long talk after service, with Lieut. B 1 — an interesting, 

and special case. 

Gen. Hoffman visited " the pen," and ordered a new bill 
of fare. Hereafter sugar and coffee are to be issued only to 
the sick. 

Friday, Sd. — Inquiry meeting at 9 A. M. Several persons 
asking what they must do to be saved. 

Capt, Samford takes the lead at the conference meet- 
ing, 12 M. Remarks by Capts. Harris, and Shane, Lieut. 
Mackey, and myself. Capt. Shane very earnest. Mackey* 
gave a clear and beautiful experience. 

Preached at night from I. John i. 9 : ''If tve confess our 
sin^, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to 
cleanse us from all unrighteousness." Labored somewhat in 
speaking. A full house. Some persons left the room. 
Young converts, and some of the older Christians, are mani- 
festing increased earnestness in efforts to sustain the work. 

Some sickness in the barracks — chiefly colds and sore- 
throats. A number of boxes are coming in filled with clothing. 

Sabbath, 6th. — Gen. Vance, Gen. Stewart, and other officers 
from the Fort, came in to attend preaching — producing great 
excitement by their presence. Preached from Gen. vi. 3 : "3Ii/ 

spirit shall not always strive with man." Col. H n in tears, 

and desiring conversation. 

1 Lieut. Mackey died of small-pox, iu tlie wiuter of 1864, and was buried on 
the Jersey shore. He was one of tlie earliest subjects of the revival at Fort 
I)>'law:vre. His conflict before makinj? a profession of religion was unusually 
long; but, afterwards he became a bright and earnest Christian, and had di - 
Rided for tlie ministry in the Presbyterian Church. His interesting diary is 
in the possession of the auttior. 



DTJEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 437 

Conference meeting at 12 M. Col. Devant gives his testi- 
mony. 

Large attendance at Bible class. Free conversation and 
exposition. Subject : Life of Paul, as introductory to the 
study of the Epistle to the Romans. 

Capt. Samford preached an excellent sermon, at night, from 
Ps. xiv. 1 : " The fool has said in his heart, there is no God." 

Capts. N e, and W n, and Lieut. B 1, came up for 

the prayers of the Church. Lieut. B afterwards came to 

me for special conversation and counsel. 

Monday, Qth. — Inquiry meeting at 9 A. M. Lieut. N e 

converted last night. Capt. W n still inquiring. 

Col. Hardeman conducted the conference meeting at 12 M. 
Remarks by the Colonel and myself. Asked the prayers of 
Christians in behalf of my dear children. 

Preached, at night, from Rom. vi. 26 : "The wages of sin is 

death." AV n and W r up for prayer. Col. PI 

remained for conversation. 

Floors still covered with mud and water. ' Rations too 
short. Many suffering with cold and diarrhoea. The 5th 
Maryland Regiment left, and a regiment of militia substituted. 

Tuesday, 7th. — Inquiry meeting interrupted by the 
Masons, who wanted their room. 

Twelve o'clock meeting conducted by Lieut. McKemy,.who 
made some most excellent remarks on living for God. 

Night meeting conducted by Capt. Harris. Three persons 

asking the prayers of God's people. Capt. W n still 

greatly concerned for the welfare of his soul. 

Lieut. Wolf came into the quarters, after " taps," in dis- 
guise, and overheard some conversations about the methods 
adopted by prisoners for getting out contraband letters. 

Good news by the evening bulletin ! Wrote several letters 
— one of them to my daughter, who is in trouble. 



438" UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Wednesday, 8th. — We were visited to-day, by the Rev. Dr. 
Junkin, father of the first Mrs. T. J. Jackson. He has been 
visitino: the Island, under the direction of the Christian Com- 
mission — at least, so wo understand it. He came in whilst 
we were occupied with tlie inquiry meeting ; and an invitation 
having been extended to him, he made some excellent prac- 
tical remarks, which were evidently well received. 

After leaving the inquiry room, I noticed considerable 
(excitement among some Avho had not been in attendance, and 
presently heard expressions of marked disapprobation, that Dr. 
J. had presumed to enter " the pen," as an instructor of Southern 
prisoners. Some who seemed to be familiar with the circum- 
stances of his exodus from Lexington, were opposed to noticing 
him any further, and positively refused to hear him preach, 
should he be invited to occupy the stand at 12 o'clock. 
A council was held, and it was thought best — chiefly on account 
of his relationship to the lamented Jackson — that we should 
give him a respectful attention at the mid-day meeting. I 
accordingly invited the Doctor to preach, and we had an ad- 
mirable discourse from Matt. xi. 28, 29, 30. Although some 
prominent persons heai'tily disapproved, no ill resulted, and 
it is believed good seed was sown. 

In accordance with a recent request, I preached, at night, 
from I. John iii. 1 : "Behold what manner of love the Father 
hath bestowed ujion us, that we should be called the sons of God." 
Having followed Dr. Junkin in some remarks, both in the 
morning and at noon, this was my third address. Upon the 
whole we have had a delightful day, and notwithsitanding the 
embarrassments, we shall look for fruit. Two persons asked 

the prayers of God's people, after the sermon — ]^Jnj. 11 d 

and Capt. W n. Lieut "W r, who came up last night, 

is hoping in Christ. 

After the services, I had another long and pleasant conver- 
sation with Lieut. B 1, whose case is peculiar. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 439 

Tliursday, dth. — A day of fasting,humiliation, and prayer. 
Beseeching the Lord for a general outpouring of the Spirit 
upon the Island, and for God's blessing upon our beloved 
South. 

Visited the preaching room at an early hour. Found a 
number of persons devoutly engaged in j)raycr. 

At half- past 9 A. M. a large congregation assembled. En- 
deavored to improve the occasion by appropriate remarks. 
Another assembly at 12 M. Li(ut. IMcFarknul conducted the 
services. Remarks by Lieuts. McFarhuid and Caldwell, and 
myself. Severe nervous headache, and too unwell to preach 
in the evening. Capt. Samford in the stand. Text: Jolm vii. 
17 : "If any man will do His will, he shall know of the doctrine, 
whether it be of God, or whether I speak of myself." 

Major II d and Capt. W n still asking the prayers 

of the Church. Capt. R s complaining of a want of love. 

Endeavored to instruct him. Long talk with Dr. G e, 

who confesses himself a great backslider. 

Went to bed with a card table at my feet, surrounded with 
players. 

Friday, 10th. — This day one year ago my nephew, Sylvius 
O. Handy, died at Chimborazo hospital, Riclimond, after great 
sufferings in the army and a protracted illness in the hospital. 
I note the day, and think of my martyr boy. 

Inquiry meeting at nine A. M. Major R d not far from 

the Kingdom. 

Twelve o'clofk meeting largely attended' — Col. Devant 
leading. An interesting question arises, suggested by Adjt. 
James W. Thomas, as to the influence of the Gospel in pro- 
ducing asceticism and moroseness. Many took part in the 
discussi n. Interesting remarks by Capts. Gordon and Lewis 
and Adjt. Thomas. Closed the talk by a full expression of 
my own views, illustrated by an exposition of "Wisdom's 
ways," &c. 



^^^ UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

At uiglit, preached to a full liouse, from Rom. x. 4 : <' Christ 
IS the end of the lam for righteousness unto every one that he- 

hevethJ' Lieut. II n anuounces his conversion. Says he 

nas convicted under my sermon, "Behold what manner of 
iove/' &c. 

A letter from Miss Gunbj, of Maryland, addressed to 
myself, and thrown over from the barracks (privates'), was 
picked up, and handed to me to-day. Some one has been im- 
posing upon her, under an assumed name, as a Major from 
Louisiana. Col. Davidson has important information, and 
volunteers to write to her. 

Saturday, ll^A.-The nsual inquirv meeting. Maior 

R— -d, and Capt. \\ n, after long distress, have found 

peace m believing. 

The meeting at 12 M. conducted by Capt, Ano-ell Un- 
usually interesting. Lieut. Wm. M. Bullock make's excellent 
and feeling remarks. Gives his experience on the subject of 
shouting. Capts. G. L. Roberts, and Mayes, cacli, give an 
account of their past lives, and of their recent conversion. 
Capt. Shane makes some very appropriate suggestions, on the 
subject of prayer. Deep feeling, and weeping. Closino- re- 
marks by myself, on a religion of feeling. Col. Hardeman 
makes a most earnest, and emotional prayer. 

Capt. Samford preached, at night, from John viii 12- "7 
am the light of the icorld." Very earnest. The revival' pro- 
gresses. Four inquirers come up, and among them Captain 
T r, of Ala. 

Received an elaborate communication from a young officer 
explaining his views and feelings, and asking advice. He is 
evidently struggling greatly; but the day will soon dawn upon 
him. 

An ice-cream establishment has been oi.ened bv the Sutler 
Sutler's checks in great demand. Great trouble about letters * 
letteis from the barracks delayed ; other letters handed, minm 
the remittances. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 441 

Cards and music, until a late hour in 23 — my own 
" shebang." 

Sabbath, 12^/i. — Very large congregation assembled in the 
forenoon, in 31. Preached from Gal. v. 24: "They that are 
Christ's have crucified the fxsh, with the affections and lusts." 

Col. T> , and Capt. W -, greatly affected, and come to 

me with thanks, after sermon. 

Did not attend tlie conference meeting at 1 2. 

Met the Bible Class, at 5 P. M, Large attendance. Sub- 
ject : Remainder of Paul's life, as introductory to the Ro- 
mans. Delightful exercises. 

At night, preached from Prov. xiv. 1 : "Tie that being 
often reproved, hardeneth his nech, di-c." Deep interest mani- 
fested. " Taps " sounded before the exercises were closed. 
Great disappointment at the sudden and abruj)t conclusion. 

Music and confusion in 23, after return from preaching. 
Capt. G. L. R. lies in the bunk with me, conversing until a 
late hour. 

Gen. Schoepf disallows the sale of ice-cream. 

Monday, IZth. — Capt. W. F. R , of Alabama, attends 

the inquiry meeting, and is deeply concerned. 

The 12 o'clock meeting conducted by , who gives an 

humble, but deeply interesting account of his personal experi- 
ence. Capt. W. R. White, of Arkansas, makes a beautiful and 
impre.-sive statement conceniinghis past life, and late conversion. 
Alludes affectionately to his wife, and very kindly to myself, 
as instruments, in God's hands. He spoke also, with rebuke, 
of old professors who fiil to approach the impenitent. 

Inaugurated a meeting for young converts, at 5 P. M. 
Capt. Gordon attends, and takes charge of the meeting, making 
valuable suggestions for the benefit of those who, like himself, 
are babes in Christ. 

Capt. Samford preached at night, from Heb. xi. 24, 25, 26 : 
"By faith, 3Toses, d:cJ' An excellent sermon. 



442 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Officers are allowed to cook coffee, on the bank at "the 
rear." Many patronize the sutler, and avail themselves of 
this privilege. Tibbetts continues to act as commissary for 
the club, in 23, and attends well to our interest, in regard to 
the popular beverage. 

Tuesday, 14^/i. — The inquiry meeting in the forenoon, well 
attended. Several new seekers. 

Twelve o'clock meeting full. Dr. Junkin present, and 
addressed tiie assembly on. The evidenGes of a change of heart. 
Followed him with remarks on the same subject. 

Interesting 5 o'clock meeting, conducted by Capt. Gordon. 

Crowds in attendance, at the night meeting. Preached from 
Exodus xxxiv. 6: "The Lord, the Lord God, merciful and 
gracious, longsuj'ering, and abundant in goodness and truth." 

Capts. T r, W. F. R , and Lieut. A, H. B , came up. 

Talked with the young men after the benediction. 

Had another long and faithful talk with Lieut. B 1, 

who called to see me before retiring. 

Had a letter from my old fellow-prisoner, Capt. Long, of 
Sussex county, Delaware. The letter Avas seventeen days in 
reaching my hands, thougli the distance travelled is not one 
hundred miles. Why should it have been held back ? 

Wednesday, 15th. — ^Nine o'clock meeting well attended by 
inquirers and Christians, as usual. Two new cases. Lieut. A. 
H. B reports that he has found the Saviour. 

The 12 o'clock meeting conducted by Capt. TV. H. Ben- 
nett, of Georgia. Exceedingly interesting occasion. Aj^pro- 
priate remarks by Capt. Gordon, on Christian fellowship. 
Col. Davidson speaks well on the subject of Praise. Capt. 
Dunkle made some good suggestions about the importance of 
regular attendance at worship. 

Capt. Samford occupied the stand at night. Text : Matt. 
vi. 33 : " Seek ye fist the kingdom of God, and his righteousness, 

d'C." 



DTJEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 443 

Letters from 1117 good friend, Rev. Mr. McCown, of Ky., 
and from my wife. We have a report that the Rev. Dr. 
Breckinridge (R. J.) will s )on visit the island, accoinxDanied 
by his son-in-law, Rev. Wm. C. Handy, of Maryland. 

Conversation until a late hour, on personal religion, with 
Capt. W. F. R . 

Thursday, 16^/i.— Forty-eight officers, from Fort McHenry, 
came in about three o'clock A. M., arousing many of us from 
our morning slumbers. A majority of the poor fellows are 
ou crutches, or hobbling about with artificial limbs. Among 
the recruits is Col. F , a deranged officer, who is bare- 
headed, baref)oted, and clad in filth and rags. He is a 

graduate of West Point and a son of Purser E F., 

formerly of Washington City, who was an old friend of my 
father. He is a tall, fine-looking man; but a perfect wreck, 
from opium eating.-^ 

The new officers were called out, in the course of the day, 
to get their baggage. Upon inspecting their effects, they 
found themselves reduced each to a single change of under- 
clothing, notwithstanding the comfortable outfit which had 
been furnished for them by sympathizing friends, before leav- 
ing McHenry. 

Inquiry meeting, this morning, as usual. T r, and W. 

^ j^ rejoicing in Christ. The latter found peace in believ- 
ing, a moment after I left him, last night— a fine-looking and 
intelligent young man, who, I trust, is destined for great use- 
fulness in the Church. 

The 12 o'clock meeting was conducted by Capt. John G. 
Knox, of N. C. Lieut. J. F. Caldwell, of Mo. (a recent con- 
vert), relates his experience. Took occasion, myself, to address 
the young converts, reminding them, that as yet they are only 
babes in Christ; and that in the present stvKly of t he doc- 

ing liis destination. 



444 



UNITED STATES BONDS: OE 



trines of Christ, they should confine themselves to first prin- : 
ciples. - 

Preached, at night, from i. Cor. xv. 30: "In jeopardy every I 
hour.'' Full house, and great solemnity. 

Had a special conversation with Capt. J. H. D of \ 

Arkansas, about the work of the ministry. Find Capts. W. F. 1 

^ > ^^' ^' S , and G. L. R , and Lieut. T. V.* ' 

B , and J. T. ]\I ^ are all interested in the question of a j 

personal call to the sacred desk. ' 

Mrs. Emley announces the coming of a fine lot of books 
in accordance with a recent appeal. ' " 

Major W. P. Elliott,! of Knoxville, Tenn., was this day 
removed from the officers' quarters, and placed in solitary con- 
finement in the interior of the Fort. This singular move- 
ment is said to be a retaliatory measure, for the treatment of a 
Major Goff, who is suffering a like imprisonment at the South 
for cruelties inflicted by the United States Government upon 
Major Armsey, of the Confederate army. Oh, the folly and ' 
wickedness of war ! 

^ Friday, 1 7//;.— Another reinforcement from Fort McHenry. ' 
Eighty officer,., among whom are Cols. Coulter, Brown, Golds- 
borough, Jacques, Mayes, and others. Col. C. is a Baptist 
preacher. ' 

Inquiry meeting at the usual hour. Two new cases. '' 

The interest at the conference meeting is still unfailing. 

Lieut. Thomas C. Chandler, of Va., occupied the chair. Ad^ ' 

dresses by Lieut. C. and myself 
^ Preached to the largest assemblage yet in attendance, at 

night. Several Masons in attendance, for the first time. Text : ' 




Peniteutiiuy at Columbus, Ohio, wliore lie 

wne" ' . . — _ 

the 

Knoxvm;; Tennessee. ''"" '""'"'"'' ''' '"*' "ospiuti. iie is now a merchant in 



^...i.^...-ici. J i.u v^oiiiraous, OHIO, whore he remained until Rr-irnh 97 I9«r 
_hen ho uas sent to Fort Delaware. On the 16th of .V, Iv, he was tal e.^fro^^ 
le barracks, aiul p'aoed iu solitary confinemont until the lAli when h^ 
^;^'" .f/,r"..l "?>}I'f ^^« ^^°^«^«^ ^^ '^- ^^ospiU.U He is now u l^erchan't'n 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 445 

Luke xiii. 24 : " Strive to enter in at the strait gate." Capt. W. 

F. H asks the prayers of God's people. 

Considerable sickness in "the pen" — diarrhoea and sore- 
throats. Rations growing worse ; coarse bread ; mean gruel ; 
' and bad meat. Irregular and nnseasonable hours for meals. 
I Obliged to take the rations from the table (where they are 
served to us without knife, fork, spoon, or plate), and by hash- 
\ ing the bread and meat together, and heating the mess over a 
j few burning sticks, try to make it more palatable. 

Col. Cobb, Capt. Harris, and Capt. Roberts have been 
l! obliged to go to the hospital. 

The sutler has again started his ice-cream, at a high price. 

I Saturday, 18th. — The inquiry meeting attended by some 
I who have been lately converted in the array. Capt. W. F« 

' H present, and deeply concerned. 

The conference meeting at 12 conducted by Capt. Samford, 
I who, with Capt. Gordon and myself, addressed the assemblage. 
! The night services were conducted by Capt. Samford. 
I After the benediction, had a particular conversation with Lieut. 
li T. F. N , of Georgia. 

Sunday, 19^/i.— Preached this morning from Rom. viii. 16: 
"The spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that ice are the 
children of God." 

A general prayer-meeting at 1 P. M. Large and interesting 
Bible class at 5 P. M. Got over the first seven verses of the 
first chapter of Romans. Profitable exercises. 

Increasingly large attendance at night. Sermon from Mark 
xii. 34 : "Thou art not far from the Kingdom of Heaven." In- 
terrupted by " taps." 

Twenty-seven persons have now professed to have experi- 
enced the great change — all of them noble fellows, and a num- 
ber of them intelligent and well educated young men. 

I ■ 



446 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

Monday, 20th. — I have been a prisoner eleven months. 
Is it possible ? From day to clay the time has seemed long, 
except when I have been laboring for Christ. In looking 
back, however, it seems but as yesterday ; and were I now to 
be released, I should almost expect to find things just as I left 
them. In resrard to the country scenes in Delaware, it might 
be literally true ; but my children are nearly a year older, 
and some of them would not know me. During this period 
I have suffered much from anxiety, poor health, and confine- 
ment; but I have had much for w'liich to be thankful. The 
providence of God is clearly manifested in my imprisonment. 
I am evidently here, to do a work for His glory. Unworthy as 
I am. He has opened up a field, where I had least expected it, 
and at a time when I could do nothing for my own people. 
He has been wdth me, too, in special mercy, giving grace 
and strength, and blessing my poor labors in a manner which 
has filled me with amazement and gratitude. To His name 
be all the glory ! 

The box of books, collected and forwarded by Mrs. A. W. 
Emley, of Philadelphia, and for which we have been long 
looking, arrived to-day. She sends one hundred and two 
hymn-books and sixty Bibles. Those last are of three different 
editions, good print, and a majority of them reference Bibles, 
being just what we need in the Bible-class. A fine lot of 
miscellaneous books and tracts, chiefly religious, and adapted 
to our present wants, make up the box. 

Quite an excitement took placo, on bringing the box into 
"the pen." Everybody, of course, was ready for a book. 
Bibles and hymn-books were distributed largely, but the other 
volumes were retained, as the basis of a religious library, to 
be left at the Fort for those who may come after us. Capt. 
Dunkle offering to act as Librarian, proceeded forthwith, aided 
by Capt. Gordon, to arrange and catalogue the collection. 
Several interested persons knocked the box to pieces, and soon 
got up a set of shelves, and the Library is already in operation 
— to be the means, I trust, of great good. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 447 

Mrs. Emley was kind enough, to send various packages of 
clothing, for persons whose names I had forwarded, and who 
were in much need. I regret to say, that some of these pack- 
ao-es have not yet been handed in by the authorities, and sev- 
eral prisoners whose names were called, found their bundles 
minus sundry articles, which they greatly needed. It was 
really provoking, to stand by and see the Sergeants open the 
packages, and take out pants, shoes, and other articles, which 
had been particularly solicited. These were thrown up in a 
pile, to be claimed and carried off by men who had no right 
or title to them — leaving our poor Confederates to suffer, Tan- 
talus-like, with the means of relief immediately before them. 
What disposition is made of these abstracted articles, we can- 
not learn. There is reason to believe, that a system of pur- 
loining and speculating is going on, which can only be regarded 
with abhorrence. AVhen I went out this morning for ray box, 
I found it surrounded by some six or eight Yankee soldiers, 
turning everything upside down j and though acting without 
authority, making themselves perfectly free with whatever 
they found. As the catalogue was removed, it is impossible 
to tell the extent of the robbery. 

Capt. And asked permission not long ago, to be allowed to 
have a silver coin sent him by his wife, to be used in ring mak- 
ing. Lieut. AVolfe told him, there would certainly be no ob- 
jection. To-day he got a letter, informing him of a "quarter" 
inclosed. Instead of the silver, he found three sutler's tickets, 
valued in the barracks at twenty-five cents. This is one of 
the mean tricks practised by the understrappers that abound 
about the Fort. 

Some of our officers nave an unreasonable prejudice agamst 
the U. S. Christian Commission They make no discrimina- 
tion as to the character of the different publications, and the 
good and objectionable are condemned alike. A wicked young 
man, who tore up that useful little messenger, " The Blood of 
Jesus," and was making a vile use of the paper, met with a 



448 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

manly and pertinent reprimand, to-day, from Capt. Gordon, 
who inquired : 

" Would you refuse to receive a valuable medicine from the 
hands of the Yankees, if dying with disease?" 

An application as to the disease of the soul, and the reme- 
dial character of the book, put the fellow to the blush ; and, 
as Gordon handed him a piece of waste paper, in the presence 
of fellow-prisoners, he was severely rebuked. 

The inquiry meeting was well attended by church members 
and young converts. Several anxious persons were, also, 

present — among whom were Major P , and Lieut. C , 

who seemed to be deeply interested. Capt, J. J. W , of Ya., 

stated that he was a member of the Presbyterian Church, but 
had no evidence, whatever, of a change of heart. He had 
been long troubled, and joined the church, by advisement, 
hoping to be relieved. Talked personally with each of these 
officers; and made some more public remarks, intended for 
them and others. 

The conference meeting was conducted by Capt. J. E. 
Roberts, who gave us a little account of himself, and referred 
to the ill consequences which had resulted, from too long de- 
ferring a connection with the church, after expei*iencing a hope 
in Christ. This gave me a text for some remarks on the 
nature and importance of a public profession of religion — a 
subject quite in place, in view of the approaching communion. 
Col. Hardeman followed with some excellent suggestions, 
based upon his own experience, and added his warning in re- 
gard to too great a delay in openly confessing Christ. 

I find that several of the recent converts are much excer- 
cised on the subject of baptism. This is especially true of 
some who have been educated under Baptist influences. I 
have endeavored to eschew all sectarian bias; and have con- 
fined myself, in preaching, to those fundamental doctrines 
which are held, in common, by all evangelical teachers. I 
have, more privately, expressed my views to such as have 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 449 

desired to be instructed, m regard to the sacrament of baptism, 
and have come to me for advice ; but it has been necessary to 
use great prudence and caution ; and I sincerely hope, that no 
root of bitterness may spring up among us. 

Capt. Samford took the lead, in the evening services, and 
preached from Hab. ii. 4: ''The just shall live by faith" — a 
very good sermon, and appropriate to the crisis. " Taps " 
were struck before he finished, and no call was made for in- 
quirers. 

Tuesday, 21st. — A number of persons at the inquiry meet- 
ing, all more or less anxious. Capt. W is still mourning 

the hidings of God's face. Capt. H. L. W. J , Lieut. D , 

and others, are deeply concerned. Talked with each privately, 
and made some remarks suited to the condition of all. 

The 12 o'clock meeting was conducted by Lieut. F. C. 
Moore, a ruling elder, from Tennessee. He stated, that he 
had been twenty years a church member, had seen much afflic- 
tion, and that he had been led in strange paths — all, as he 
hoped, to the good of his soul. Lieut. T. S. Armstead^ made 
some encouraging remarks, stating a number of pleasant 
things that had come under his observation, illustrating the 
state of religion in the army. This afforded a basis for a talk 
of fifteen or twenty minutes, in which I endeavored to arouse 
Christians to a proper sense of gratitude to God, and exhorted 
them as individuals, each for himself, to stand in his place, 
endeavoring to promote the great, and good work, by bring- 
ing all his influence to bear for the glory of God, and the good 
of souls. 

Col. has been in a very depressed state of mind, fear- 
ing the desertion of the Spirit, on account of wilful sin. Since 
my sermon on the text, " JNIy spirit shall not always strive 
with man," he has had great trouble. The condition of the 



iNow an ordained minister in tlie M. E. Cliurch, Florida. 

29 



450 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

backslider, as referred to at that time, in connection with Heb. 
vi. 4, 5, 6 — {"Fo7' it is impossible, &c.") — has filled him with 
the most terrible apprehension. We have been trying, for a 
week or more, to get an opportunity for priv^ate conference, 
and only succeeded this afternoon, when we sat down together 
under the shade of the division fence, and talked over the 
whole matter. He is evidently a sincere Christian, and a man 
of warm feelings. Sometimes his heart overflows with emo- 
tion, and the tears fall in profusion. But, he has been labor- 
ing under wrong impressions in regard to the value of good 
works, and their legitimate connection wi h the scheme of 
redemption. Depending too much upon these, and with 
confused ideas in regard to the doctrine of completeness in 
Christ, he has stumbled along, through years of church mem- 
bership, doubting, fearing, and at length grievously falling. 
He now has a better view of the way, is a penitent believer, 
and rejoices fully in the infinite righteousness of the blessed 
Redeemer. 

I preached, at night, from Isaiah iv. 7: "Let the wicked for- 
sake his way, and the unriyhleous man his thoughts, and let him 
return unto the Lord who will have mercy upon him, and unto 
our God rcho will abundantly pardon^ The congregation was 
large, exceedingly attentive, and two persons (Capt. W. and 
Lieut. D.) asked the prayers of the Church. After service, 
several young men remained, with the lights out, praying with 
and for those in trouble. 

Lieut. B 1 came around to my "shebang," and con- 
tinued with me in conversation until a late hour. 

Wednesday, 22fZ. — Received a box from my wife, containing 
clothing, books, and eatables — very acceptable in each of its 
departments, but especially in the last. Our rations now are 
a small piece of bread and meat, each, and a cup of water at 
breakfast ; and at about four o'clock P. i\L the same quantity of 
meat and bread (the bread being a mixture of corn and flour), 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 4'51 

with the addition of a cup of rice soup. The soup is so bad — 
being often filled with flies and dirt — that I never use it ; and 
the meat is so very coarse, I can only dispose of it when driven 
to the necessity of doing so by long fasting and a sharp appe- 
tite. The cooks generally reserve the best pieces for those who 
are able to pay for a fry or stew — while the rest of us must do 
the best we can Avith odds and ends, always boiled and unsea- 
soned. Without an occasional box from my wife or some 
other friend, I fear my sufferings would be more than I could 
bear. 

Capt. H. L. W. J , and Lieut. D , came to the 

inquiry meoting this morning, rejoicing in Christ, and 

in the pardon of their sins. Capt. J was so full of 

emotion, that he could not contain himself. Grasping my hand 
with ardor, he repeated those words of the Saviour : ''Him that 
Cometh unto me, I lo'dl in no wise cast out/' and said he, " I went 
to Him, sir, and He didn't cast me out." 

Capt. W is still in great darkness and distress. 

The noonday meeting was unusually interesting, Remarks 
were offered by Col. Davidson, Capt. Gordon, Lieut. Bullock, 
and myself. Col, D. read an extract from a letter written by 
a lady^ in New Castle, Del., expressing great interest in the 
spiritual condition of the prisoners. The idea that there should 
be any such friends, and particularly, that there should be so 
many such, (as we have recently had reason to believe there 
are) in the land of our enemies, gave him great encouragement, 
while it produced astonishment. Lieut. Bullock spoke about 
sins of thought, and gave a caution in regard to indulging 
them. Capt. Gordon took up the subject, gave his own expe- 
rience, and made a good exhortation on the same. My own 
remarks were based on the several poinds introduced by each, 
and were intended to encourage, and suggest the necessary 
remedies. 

Spent much of the day in conversing with young converts, 
all of whom seem to be anxious to learn, and are proposing all 

iJMrs. Spotswood, 



452 UNITED STATES BONDS; OE 

sorts of knotty questions. The subjects of bapttem and per- 
sonal religion are, however, the principal topics. 

Capt. Harris occu])iccl the stand at night, and gave us a 

good sermon, from the story of Naaman. Capt. W , 

Lieut. N , and another whose name I have lost, asked the 

prayers of Christians. 

Thursday, 23c?. — I have been sick the whole day, and have 
been obliged to lie by. Troubled with the prevailing com- 
plaint, which seems to be much on the increase. Fear we 
shall have an unpleasant summer. 

The meetings were conducted, as usual, throughout the 
day, and Capt. Samford jireached at night. 

Dr. Junkin made another visit to the barracks, to see some 
of his old students, and to distribute books and tracts. He 
was present at the noonday meeting ; said he was too much 
fatigued to make any special, or regular remarks. He took 
from his pocket a little book ; and holding it up, said he, " If 
any of my former pupils are here, they will, no doubt, re- 
member this book, at once. It is the old 'roll-book,^ in which 
I was accustomed to note the progress and attainments of the 
young men, under my charge at Lexington." He continued 
with emotion; referred to the unhajDpy war ; and to many of 
his pupils who had been cut off by disease, or in battle; and 
said he was going to Point Lookout, to see others, who are in 
prison there. 

A strong prejudice exists against this venerable man. Col. 

C and others went out as soon as he began to speak. He 

sent for the Colonel, however, and succeeded in obtaining an in- 
terview, as he did, also, with some of the young men wlio had 
avoided him. His " Political Fallacies," a copy of which he 
handed me, had excited a feeling of anger and disgust. His 
statement in regard to a fool's cap having been put on the 
statue of Washington, in derision, by certain students, is flatly 
denied, by several young men from Lexington, now in " the 



DUBESS BY FEDEEAL ATJTHOEITY. 453 

pen " The " gratification," also, which they regard him as 
manifesting, at the slaughter in battle of sundry noble-hearted 
fellow-students, who opposed his politics, and desired his re- 
moval from the presidency of the college, has aroused them to 
expressions of the strongest reprehension. One of our prison 
sceptics has taken pains to call attention to these misstatements 
on the part of a minister of the Gospel ("falsehoods, as he 
calls them), to the disparagement of the Christian religion. 

We still have some twenty or thirty lame officers in the 
barracks. Several of them have but one l^g, or arm; and 
most of them are on crutches. It is astonishing, how well 
some of them walk, with artificial limbs. Major J. McCloud 
Turner,^ of Washington, is the most afflicted of the lot. He 
moves with great difficulty, upon his crutches, throwing both feet 
forward simultaneously, with his body bent, and apparently m 
great pain. It distresses me to see these poor fellows working 
their way, tlirough the crowds, into the dining-room. Of course, 
all are disposed to give way for them ; but there ought to be 
some arrangement, by which they might be relieved entirely 
from this " skuffling " for themselves. 

We have been notified that several hundred officers are to 
be added to our number, and notice has been given, that the 
preaching division must be vacated for their accommodation 
Letters to-day from my wife, and daughter Gertrude. 
The Lord's supper will be administered on next Sabbath ; 
and a meeting for the examination of those desiring church 
membership, has been appointed for five o'clock P. M. to- 
morrow. 

Friday, 24f/i.— My health is somewhat improved, 
"Roddy" (W h) was taken t o the hospital to-day, 

— TTl^Kl a note, among the P"Son memom^^a °/^ ^t?UngHhkt''rpIttK 
N.C., which have recently come into my posbessiou,bLa^^^B^ ^^^^ ^ 

signed by sixteen officers, was handed to Gen^^S^^^ ^onil other offl- 

TSrner should be placed on «;« rol\o^exchan.e^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ stated in 

opr or in any manner the Oenerai may uee..i v^uu thirteen montlas, that 

tl!e petition that he had V«^«'l„%f^{^;?,T;l?ep"n< |nt^^ others ?o?^assist4nce ; 

he had no use of either leg was -w^hc^nydeprnden^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^ 

and that in cmasequenceotllie proximity ot^m^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^, 



454 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

quite sick. He has. been ill for several days. His mind 
has been much exercised on the subject of religion ; and 
he says he wants .to get well and come down to our 
meetings, to testify for Christ. I hope God will spare 
him. He is the son of a Methodist preacher — abusing 
his opportunities, and sinning agalust' his conscience. Better 
things, I trust, are in store for him, 

A Lieutenant, named "Wood, died at the hospital, last 
night. An effort has been made, to obtain a sufficient sum to 
send his body to friends in Kentucky. The contributions 
have been made entirely by officers in the barracks, and the 
amount secured. 

Spent most of the forenoon, in arranging a new place, in a 
corner of the third tier of bunks, in division 23, the same 
which I have heretofore occupied. I am, now, much better 
situated ; can stand erect, under the roof; have a place, on the 
cross-beams, for hanging clothes ; have more room than form- 
erly, with a tolerably good writing place ; and am favored with 
a few holes for the admission of air — affiarding me, also, a view 
of the river, and of Delaware City. 

Had scarcely got fixed in my new quarters, and was just 
beginning to congratulate myself upon the eligible change, 
when it was ascertained that No. 34 could be used as a preach- 
ing room, provided eighty or one hundred men could be found 
of the same mind, and willing to submit to the inconvenience 
of the daily crowd, and the occupancy of their bunks, by such 
persons as might choose to attend. With the assistance of 
Capt. Gordon, stirred around to see what could be done. 
With some difficulty, sixty persons were found, willing to 
come into the arrangement — my own name, for the sake of 
example, heading the list. The men all moved in immediately, 
I, only, waiting until to-morrow, hoping to have less confusion 
and excitement, after the others are fixed up. 

Capt. Ahl, attended by other officers, came into the bar- 
racks, and called the names of forty-five field officers, to be 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 455 

sent to Charleston, to be placed under the fire of our own bat- 
teries, with a view to retaliation for like conduct, said to have 
been perpetrated by the Confederate authorities, at the South. 
We are perfectly in the dark, about what may have been done 
by our own people; but there can be uo question that the 
whole thing is heathenish, and horrible. 

Among the officers removed are several who have been 
most active in our religious meetings, viz : Col. Cobb, Col. 
Devant, and Majors Bullock, Anderson, Carson, Fitzgerald, 
Nash, and Martz. Major Perkins also, who has been deeply 
interested in the services, was among those who left us. A 
vai icty of feeling was manifested in regard to the change. Our 
Christian brethren all felt deeply, in being removed from the 
revival scenes. Parting words were uttered with much emo- 
tion, and several gentlemen pressed my hand, and asked me to 
remember them at the throne of grace. 

Capt. Charlton Morgan, and Lieuts. James J. Andrews, 
Julius H. Smith, and John A. Tomlinson (staff officers), with 
others, were returned to the barracks, to make room in the 
Fort, for the temporary accommodation of those going South. 
1 hey have received a pledge for the restoration of their privi- 
leges in the interior, after the debarkation for Charleston. 
Generals Johnston, Stewart, Archer, and Thompson are to go 
South. Gen. Vance is to lemain at the Fort. 

In consequence of the confusion and excitement occasioned 
by .the changes of the day, and to allow time for the officers 
to arrange their bunks, the meeting for the examination of 
applicants for Church membership was deferred, with notice 
for the same, to-morrow at 10 A. M. 

Was not able to get into my new quarters. No services 
to-night. 

Saturday, 25th. — Moved into 34, and ensconced myself in 
the south-east corner, near the preaching stand, at the end of 
the room. . I have a window, which looks out upon the tents 



456 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

and buildings on the side of the Island next the Jersey shore. 
I have fixed up a sort of extempore writing shelf, and have a 
good shelf also for my books; but my head sweeps the white- 
washed ceiling, constituting the floor of the tier above, and 
any quantity of dust is falling continually. I have already 
had an impudent challenge from the outside sentinel, who has 
ordered me to keep on the inside of my slatted window. The 
order was unnecessary, for I have done no more than peep 
out, and that without' showing any one of my extremities on 
his side of the dividing; wall. 

A new arrangement has been adopted, to-day, in regard to 
our entrance to meals, by which crowds of prisoners are de- 
tained, half an hour or more, standing in the hot sun, waiting 
their turns — each man being admitted slowly, and by single 
file, through a narrow oj^ening to the table. This is an impo- 
sition which must go very hard with some of us, if we continue 
to visit the hall. Were it not for the bread, I would never 
go to the table — for the coarse beef and nasty soup are really 
disgusting to my too delicate palate. 

About six hundred and fifty men were introduced into the 
barracks in the course of the afternoon, crowding every " she- 
bang" very nearly to its utmost capacity. In 34 we have 
upwards of ninety men, although the division is one of the 
shortest in the entire range. Among the new-comers I find 

Capt. H. A. Allen and Lieut. Shannon, of the " Old 

Dominion Guards," Portsmouth. 

Spent much of the day in conversing with the late converts, 
chiefly on the subject of the ordinances. Had special talks 

with Maj. A. R , Capts. W. H. G and F. H. 

McC , and Lieuts. E. L. B and E. A. S , who 

have had troubles, on the subject of baptism. A majority of 
them seem, now, to be entirely relieved, and will be admitted 
to this seal of the covenant, on to-morrow. 

Our meeting for the admission of members was deeply in- 
teresting. Thirty officers, mostly young men, gave full and 



DUEESS BY FBDEEAL AUTHORITY. 457 

explicit statements, in regard to their past lives, and the 
evidences of their new condition. I have never heard any- 
thing more satisfactory, in all my ministry, of twenty-five 
years. Without exception, every man could give good 
" reason for the hope that is in him," and apparently, " with 
meekness, and fear." All seem to be truly penitent sinners, 
trusting only in the merits of a crucified Redeemer ; earnestly 
desiring newness of life; with heartfelt impression of utter in- 
ability to accomplish any good work, without the gracious aid 
of the Spirit. The meeting continued nearly three hours, with 
unfailing interest to the last. 

Had a long talk, after night, in the open air, with Capt. 

H about the call, and qualifications necessary to the work 

of the ministry. His mind has been greatly troubled on this 
subject ; and I was glad to leave him much encouraged, and I 
hope entirely relieved, as to the obligations in his own case. 

My window gives me an opportunity of seeing something 
of the movements outside of " the pen." Great numbers of pri- 
vates have been hard at work, all day — many of them bare- 
footed, and all of them looking shabby, and dirty enough — 
toiling away at the old business of carrying boards. I have 
no doubt the exercise is good for them ; and they get an addi- 
tional ration ; but it is really unpleasant to see the poor fellows 
driven about by Yankee guards, often abused, and always 
meekly submitting to every indignity. They have accom- 
plished a vast amount of work during the year ; and it is to 
them that the Yankees are indebted for nearly all the im- 
provements on the island. 

Sunday, 2Gth. — This has been one of the most remarkable 
Sabbaths of my life. In some respects it has been the most 
interesting; and certainly the most promising of important 
results. In the morning, I preached to the largest congrega- 
tion which has yet assembled for worship, in " the pen." The 
body of the room ; every bunk of the three tiers ; every nook, 



458 UKITED STATES BONDS; OR 

and corner — all, were stowed full, and to their utmost 
capacity, with attentive, and devout hearers. The subject of 
my discourse was. The nature, and importance of a public con- 
fession of Christ, from the text Heb. iii. 1 : "Our profession.'' 
With many before me, to whom the subject was specially aj)- 
plicable; and with the expectation that a score and a lialf of 
them would, in the afternoon, for the first time, appear before 
the world, bearing the badge of the Cross, I felt animated, and 
earnest in the effort to instruct them aright. 

In the afternoon, the Bible class was suspended, in conse- 
quence of the arrangements for the Supper. Intending to 
Irold the services in the open air, we were discouraged, just 
about the hour for convening, by the appearance of a storm. 
The wind blew considerably; dark clouds floated in the sky; 
and anon, a few heavy drops of rain descended. AVe waited 
anxiously, arid in doubt. Presently all apprehension was at 
an end. The storm subsided ; and the bright sun beamed 
cheerfully upon the prison campus. 

In a few moments, a long rough table was placed near the 
division fence. A few benches were adjusted for the benefit 
of such of the communicants as might prefer to kneel ; and, 
then, the crowd arranged themselves on the ground, riglit 
and left, as far as the voice could be well heard, with a 
good congregation, also, in front. The preliminary "services 
were conducted in the usual manner. After reading: Mat- 
thew's account of the crucifixion, and the words of institution 
by the Apostle to the Gentiles — the nature of the ordinance 
was expounded ; believers were encouraged, and the wicked 
and impenitent warned to abstain from an act, which must 
only bring condemnation upon their souls. 

All those who were examined, on yesterday, now came for- 
ward, as their names were called, and publicly answered 
affirmatively, to a series of questions involving the first prin- 
ciples of the Gospel.^ The body of Christians then arose, ac- 
knowledofine: them as members of the same communion with 

1 Appendix F, 



bo 
>- 

li ^ 

I w 




DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 459 

themselves. Eight persons were baptized, by sprinkling, as 
they severally stood around the long table, which — without 
premeditation — I ascended, for greater convenience ; and by 
whicfi means, I was enabled, as I believe, with peculiar 
solemnity, to apply the holy seal, in full observation of the 
large assembly. The persons baptized were Capts. W. F. Gor- 
don, Jr., G. W. Kurtz, and Lieuts. Jasper Home, F. M. 
Noble, E. Lee Bell, Francis Holmes, John Paul, and F. M. 
jMcCuistion — some of whom had been troubled on the sub- 
ject, but were now satisfied, both as to the nature and method 
of the sacrament. 

In consequence of having but two glasses, one of them 
much smaller than the other, we were considerably interrupted 
in serving the wine. The persons engaged in the distribution 
of the elements were Capts. A. M. Samford, and Thomas W. 
Harris, Methodist preachers; Capt. C. L. Bennett, of the 
Christian Church ; and Lieut. John. C. Allen, Presbyterian, 
and Ruling Elder. This arrangement was the best that could 
be effected in the spirit of brotherly love, and with a view to 
union and harmony. A large majority of the communicants 
were seated on the ground, whilst many kneeled at the benches 
provided for the purpose. If it were ever possible, on this 
earth, for a great concourse of Christians, of different names, 
to assemble " with one heart and one mind," that assemblage 
convened to-day. Truly our hearts were melted together in 
love. There was no word of opposition; no jar; aye — may 
I not say ? — no thought of separation in any heart. Oh, 
how did our gushing souls well up in the spirit of that 
gracious, happy song : — 

"Let party names no more 

Tlie Christian world o'erspread ; 
Gentile and Jew, and bond and free, 
Are one in Christ their Head. 

" Among the saints on earth, 
Let mutual love be found, 
Heirs of the same inheritance. 
With mutual blessings crown'd. 



460 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

"Thus will the Church below, 
Resemble that above, 
Where streams of pleasure ever flow, 
And every heart is love." 

Four of the young men who joined the ohurcn, to-day, are 
sons of ministers of the Gospel. 

Being unaccustomed to speak in the open air, felt much 
fatigued after the service s, and my lungs were sore. Had the 
impression that my remarks lacked force, and unction ; and as 
the winds cut oif my words, occasioning a constant strain of 
the voice, I felt annoyed, and had considerable difficulty in 
retaining a proper current of thought. It was nevertheless a 
happy day ; and, I do believe, it will long be remembered by 
the hundreds who witnessed its solemn and imj)ressive scenes. 

We were marshaled into meals, to-day, by divisions — a 
better plan than heretofore, requiring less time, and securing 
to each man his own ration. 

Four Lieutenants were taken to the Fort, this evening, and 
placed in close confinement. The cause unknown. 

Monday, 27th. — We have adopted a set of rules in 34, for 
the regulation of the division. Among these, is an order ap- 
pointing 8 o'clock, A. M., as the hour for family worship, each 
day. 

I wrote a letter to Gen. Schoepf, in behalf of our prison 
church, asking the privilege of an awning, or rough shed, in 
the open area of the barracks, for purposes of public worship, 
during the summer. We have offered to put up this roof 
ourselves, provided we can be provided with a few hundred 
feet of old boards, and as much scantling as may be needed — 
any quantity of which appears to be lying about the island, 
unappropriated. Such a shed would afford great comfort, in the 
present crowded condition of the divisions; and would give 
accoramodatiou to hundreds, who cannot, or will not, come into 
the blocks, to worship God. A thing so reasonable, and in no 
way calculated to result in mischief, should be assented to at 
once. 



DTJBESS. BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 461 

The carpenters are busily engaged in putting up a platform 
on the outside of the division fence, with a view to the eleva- 
tion of the sentries — thus giving them a full survey of all that 
transpires in the area of the barracks. 

Mr. McGruder, one of the joolitical prisoners, was taken to 
the guard-house, this morning, where he is still retained, for 
replying to a sentinel who ordered him to take his arm off the 
window. He was first threatened, and then a musket leveled 
at him. He avoided the shot, by simply moving out of the 
way. It is too bad, that we should be subject to such insults, 
and dangers ! Can the authorities be aware of what we have 
to endure, from these impudent, and unfeeling ruffians ? 

The Sutler proposes to fui'nlsh ice, for five cents per pound, 
and a beer barrel for one dollar and twenty-five cents. These 
are high prices, for poor prisoners ; but, in the divisions where 
the money can be raised, the terms will probably be accepted. 
This man gets nearly all the money that comes into the bar- 
racks; and takes it, pretty much in such sums as he jjleases, 
from all whose necessities compel them to buy. We were 
able, in 34, to purchase a barrel ; but could only raise money 
enough, to-day, for a very few pounds of ice. 

The religious services were omitted, this day, entirely, in 
consequence of the incompleteness of our plans, and the great 
difficulty in deciding what, under the circumstances, may be 
for the best. 

Tuesday, 28th. — We, now, have orders to. use the ditch- 
water for washing. The initiation w:!S disagreeable beyond 
measure, as the water is very nearly stagnant, of a bi'ownish 
green color, and fi.hd wi:h insects. It must necessarily be- 
come more and more disgusting, as it shall be used and re- 
used, by the hundreds in "the pen." 

The family worship was inaugurated this morning, by Capt. 
Frank C. Ro'-ins, of Sclma, Ala., an excellent brother in 
connection with the Methodist Episcopal Churcl 



462 UNITED STATES BONDS; OE 

Several officers were removed from the barracks into the 
interior of the Fort — among whom are Maj. E,. S. Bullock, 
Capts. C. Morgan, C. B. ICilgore, J. McD. Carrington, and 
Lieuts. Lucius Smith, Chambers, and others. We shall miss 
Maj. Bullock exceedingly. He has always been present at 
the meetings, and has been prominent in leading, both in 
prayer and singing. Capt. Kilgore, who is a Presbyterian, 
was beginning to take hold with considerable zeal. Capt. 
Carrington is a relative of my friend, the Rev. H. J. Taylor, 
of Portsmouth. 

The E,ev. Dr. Breckenridge, whose arrival had been daily 
expected, came into "the pen" this morning, accompanied by 
Gen. Schoepf and other Federal officers. They made their 
way immediately to No. 27, which is occupied chiefly by Ken- 
tuckians. The Doctor was announced by Gen. Schoepf, who 
also stated that he (Dr. B.) would be glad to see the officers from 
his State, and requested all who would like to speak to him, 
to come forward. A few persons made their appearance, with 
evident reluctance. Some others came up after awhile, influ- 
enced wholly by curiosity. The greeting was certainly not 
cordial, and others M'ho remained in their bunks, expressed 
displeasure at his presence. 

I wanted to have a few words with the Doctor myself; but 
he did not inquire for me, and I felt indisposed to run after 
him. I was disappointed that his son-in-law, Rev. W. C. 
Handy, did not accomjDany him, as was expected. He was too 
late to see Maj. Steele, another son-in-law, who was sent to 
Charleston several days ago. 

During his interview with the Kentuckians, Dr. Brecken- 
ridge made some remark about their generally good aj)pear- 
ance, su^rgesting that they must be "avcII treated and well 
fed." Some one immediately replied, " We can assure you, it 
is not the result of Fort Delaware rations ; " and Capt. Mitchell 
(Wm. J.), to prove the fact, instantly held up the bread and 
meat, which had fallen to his share at the last meal. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 463 

Both the General and the Doctor expressed surprise, and 
Gen. Schoepf directed Mitchell to have the ration weighed at 
the sailer's, assuring him that the matter should be attended 
to without delay. I presume we shall never hear of it again. 

Fifteen or twenty citizens of Indiana were brought into 
the prison, but were removed without explanation, before we 
had time to learn anything about them. 

Four sentinels have been stationed on the newly erected 
platform. They are now marching to and fro, in full survey 
of the open "pen." 

A poor " Reb" — guilty or not guilty, I am unable to say — 
was paraded up and down the walk, on the outside of the 
barracks, with a board on his back, inscribed Thief, in large 
black capitals. 

Had a letter from Miss E. A. Prettyman, of 521, 7th street, 
Philadelphia, offering to send me anything necessary to my 
comfort, whether in eatables or clothing. 

A young man from the West, whose name I have not 
learned — a recent arrival — occupied the stand to-night, and 
attempted a sermon from Heb. xii. 1 : " Wliercfore, seeing ive 
also," &G. — a well meaning youth, no doubt, but sadly deficient 
in education, and wholly out of place, just now, in the pulpit. 
Before the services were closed, a Sergeant appeared at the 
door, and ordered the lights to be put out immediately. We 
have great difficulty in regard to this matter, as there seems 
to be no definite time for 'Haps." 

Another Sergeant came in after the lights were extinguished, 
and very patronizingly informed us, that should we get very 
cold before morning, we Avould be allowed to put in our win- 
dows — the sash, which at this season is removed for the sake 
of air. 

Wednesday, 29th. — There seems to be much difficulty in 
arranging for an orderly ingress into the dining-room. 
Various plans have been adopted — all failing to accomplish 



464 UNITED STATES BONDS; OB 

the object. The last — by which we have been compelled, at 
the point of the bayonet, to wait long, in the hot sun, wljilst 
each man moves in slowly, and finds his place at the table 
— is no improvement M^iatever. If we could enter by divi- 
sions, at different tables, all the difficulty would be remedied. 

\Ye have not profited much, by showing the short rations 
to Gen. Schoepf, as was done yesterday. We were put 
upon shorter allowance, to-day, and, as if for spite, we were 
denied the use of knives and forks, and though we had soup 
furnished us in tin cups, Ave had no spoons. 

The same want of system prevails about the " money call," 
as in relation to other things. The horn is blown in the 
morning, and all who have received letters enclosing money, 
are expected to attend at the office, which opens into " the 
pen." The money has jDreviously been taken from the letters ; 
and the several sums abstracted are acknowledged, on the en- 
velopes. These are handed at the window. The jjress is 
always great ; and the clerk being extremely slow in hunting the 
entry, counting the checks, or writing the order upon the 
Sutler — no money is given out — thus, sick or well, there is a 
long exposure to the hot sun. More provoking than all, the 
" sick call " is soon made ; when the -whole' business ceases, 
and scores are obliged to turn away, to be disappointed. This 
routine is repeated, perhaps, many mornings in succession, be- 
fore getting the trifle forwarded by friends, to afibrd a few 
necessaries, to mitigate the sufferings of prison life. 

Dr. Lee, lately a prisoner with ourselves, is noM' in the 
employment of the Yankees, as a sort of medical umpire, de- 
ciding who shall go to the hospital, and who shall continue 
under his own treatment, in the barracks. He is a strange 
character, and his qualifications very much doubted. lie 
professes sympathy with the Confederates ; but appears to be 
quite at home among our enemies. He has a snug tent, im- 
mediately in front of my window, with Capt. Winnie and 
others as near neighbors, in two otlier tents. He says he has 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 465 

resided near Memphis, and was a surgeon at Camp Chase, 
when arrested and sent to this place. Some think he was the 
proprietor of Lee's minstrels, once somewhat celebrated. He 
has been an architect, and a traveller; is quite skilled on 
the guitar ; and scoffs at religion. He may be a detective ; 
or, perhaps, only a weak and eccentric man, willing to get his 
bread among friends or enemies, as most convenient. Perhaps, 
he is wholly indifferent to the questions at issue, and adven- 
tures according to circumstances. His conduct is a riddle, and 
occasions talk. 

Cupolas, or observatories, are being erected on the adjoin- 
ing barracks, in which are to be placed large lamj)s, under the 
care of sentinels, who will thus have an opportunity to over- 
look the surrounding enclosures. These lights, with the one 
at "the rear," will make everything thoroughly conspicuous, 
over a considerable portion of the Island. 

Gen. Schcepf has, as yet, paid no attention to my letter, 
asking the awning, or temporary shed. Caj)t. Winnie tells me, 
that the letter was " passed " by himself, and handed over to 
the General's mail. He says, however, that Capt. Ahl, the 
A. A. A. Gen., thinks the request will not be granted. It 
may be doubtful, whether the letter will ever get to the Com- 
mandant. 

A Baptist minister, named Thomas, preached, to-night, 
from John xi. 25 : "I am the resurrection and the life,^^ &c. — a 
real old fashioned sort of a sermon, by a very unj)retending 
man. Brother Thomas is forty-eight, or fifty years of age ; 
has twelve children ; is pastor of four churches in Tennessee, 
to each of which he preaches once a month. He is a Lieu- 
tenant in the " Hebel " army. 

Spent a considerable portion of the day in preparing cer- 
tificates of church membership, for those who have recently 
come forward by a public profession of Christ. 

Received a small but valuable package, from my untiring 
and excellent friend, Rev. Mr. McGown, of Kentucky. 
30 



466 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

Closed the day with a dreadful sick headache. 

Thursday, 2>0th. — It fell to ray lot, to lead in the family 
worship, of the morning. Considerable interest is manifested 
in this service. 

The noon-day prayer meeting was conducted by Col. 
Hardeman, who made some pleasant remarks. " Parson " 
Thomas gave us some account of himself; spoke of doubts and 
fears ; the trouble he had, as to whether he ought to enter the 
army, and the feelings of his friends on the subject ; his long 
church membership, and his inability to say anything about 
the time, place, or circumstances of his conversion. His 
remarks were good, and well received. 

Temporary booths, shades, and stands have been erected 
by various persons, in difterent parts of the open area. Some 
have entered regularly upon the business of selling lemonade, 
corn beer, &c.; and others have established faro and Tceno 
tables. Bathing is, also, becoming fashionable; and, what to 
me is curious, to say the least, is the extreme want of modesty, 
manifested by some who occupy the ditches, at the most public 
times, and wash themselves off, with the most unblushing 
effrontery, with hundreds passing to and fro, around, and 
about them. 

Had a pleasant talk, to-day, with Capt. J. G. A , who 

was lately converted in the army. His father is a Methodist 
preacher, in the Southwest. 



XIV. 

July. 



Fridayj 1st. — The morning ablutions are confined entirely 
to the ditches, which afford only a filthy, brackish water, often 



DURESS BY FEDBEAL AUTHORITY. 467 

covered with green scum, and filled with myriads of insects. 
Scores stand along the banks in rows, and wash in the general 
reservoir; others dip the water in basins, and carry it off. 
There is a slow, dull current, which carries the accumulated 
scourings from man to man, making it necessary for any who 
may be a little squeamish, to throw back the greasy, or soapy 
surface, before anything like a cleanly dip can be obtained. 
• Several curious structures have recently been put up, by 
persons seeking shade, outside of the crowded divisions. We 
have a barber's shop, a ring-maker's tent, and several arbors, 
occupied by students. Most of these coverings are constructed 
of boards, obtained from boxes, which have been knocked up, 
and put together again as uprights, over which are suspended 
the blankets which are used in the bunks at night. 

Col. Hardeman conducted the morning prayer meeting, 
offering a few remarks, followed with some reflections by my- 
self. I preached at night from Canticles iv. 16: "Awake, 
south vnnd/' &c. One person requested the prayers of the 
congregation. After service, had a conversation on the subject 
of personal religion, with Capt. M , of Virginia. 

Several valuable boxes were received from my relative, 
Mrs. Benj. F. Caulk, of Newark, Delaware. These boxes are 
a joint contribution from sundry benevolent ladies in that 
place, and are intended for distribution among our more desti- 
tute prisoners. 

Gen. Schcepf came into "the pen." Several officers had 
their pocket-knives taken away by the guards. The Freder- 
icksburg prisoners have left the Fort, 

Saturday, 2d. — Several officers having made their escape, 
last night, the new water-house, at "the rear," is closed up, 
and renewed vigilance is manifested on the part of the guards. 

Capts. Gordon and G. L. Roberts received a box of books, 
which had been solicited from friends in Baltimore. 

Capt. Tracy led the morning prayer meeting. Lieut. 



468 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Finley gave an interesting account of the revival at Johnson's 
Island. Capt. Harris occupied the stand at night. 

Fifteen surgeons, who had been removed from the bar- 
racks, were returned. 

All the officers turned to "the rear" and counted. "Whole 
number, 1312 — six gone. 

Sabbath, 3d. — The Yankees have been busy, all day, search- 
ing the barracks, and securing weak places, with a view to 
preventing escapes. All the prisoners were, this morning, 
marched through the sally-port, into the small enclosure 
adjoining " the pen." Here we had to remain, jammed and 
tossed, until each one of the divisions was thoroughly searched, 
and such repairs effected, as were regarded necessary to greater 
security. The floors were all taken up, and every conceivable 
hole and corner examined. Three or four cart-loads of can- 
teens were found, numbering, it is said, about three thousand. 
These were all removed, to prevent their use by the prisoners, 
as life preservers, in crossing the Delaware. 

Religious services were held, in the forenoon, in three sepa- 
rate divisions — this arrangement being necessary to accommo- 
date the crowds who now seem anxious to hear the "Word. 
Capt. Samford preached in 24; Parson Thomas in 31 ; and I 
in 23, the largest division in the barracks. I have not heard 
what subjects were presented by the other brethren. My text 
was John iii. 9 : "How can these things be f " Notwith- 
standing the numbers who attend preaching, the revival spirit 
seems to flag. This is to be attributed chiefly to the excite- 
ment occasioned by the late large reinforcement of officers. 

At 5 o'clock I had upwards of one hundred officers in 
attendance at Bible class. We spent nearly two hours on the 
first chapter of Romans, closely and critically examining the 
verses, from the 8th to the 18th inclusive. Great interest is 
manifested in this exercise. 

"We had an out-door service in the afternoon, which was 



DTJEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 469 

attended by hundreds, who stood or were seated upon the 
ground, in every direction within hearing of my voice. It 
was delightful, to notice the eagerness with which many re- 
ceived the Word. Tbe sermon continued until dusk, when 
we were very unexpectedly interrupted by horn-blowing, 
which drove us to quarters. As we had so many new men in 
the crowd, I was repeating my discourse on Jeremiah xvii. 9, 
"TAc heart is desperately wicked/' — hoping by God's blessing 
to bring some to conviction, who had long been denied the 
privilege of a sermon. 

We have about ninety persons in 34, nearly all of whom 
are professors of religion. All seem to be of like spirit, with 
evident interest in the morning worship, and the mid-day 
prayer-meeting. 

INIy labors, at present, are excessive. When not preaching, 
or holding meetings, I am writing, conversing with inquirers, 
teaching the candidates for the ministry, or in some other way 
trying to do something for the spiritual benefit of those around 
me. 

Monday, ith. — The Yankees have been taking Fourth of 
July. The whole Island has been in a state of excitement all 
day. About six hundred " blue-coats " have been constantly 
parading, both in and outside of the Fort, with banners and 
music ; and thirty-five guns were fired from the barbette bat- 
tery. About noon a sumptuous dinner came off", at the hotel; 
and from the appearance of things, to-night, champagne and 
brandy have been profusely imbibed. Officers and men are 
in high glee — their jubilant songs proclaiming the yet un- 
finished holiday. 

Several of our officers have availed themselves of the festive 
occasion, by donning the costume of "Uncle Sam," and walking 
out of" the pen." How they managed to prepare for this feat, 
has not been revealed ; but they probably feel quite indepen- 
dent just now, and are much obliged to the Fourth of July. 



470 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

We have had no news from the adjoining quarters ; but the 
probability is, that " the boys " have been wide awake during 
the day, and are not likely to sleep much to-night. What 
more appropriate than the loosing of the prisoners, on Inde- 
pendence Day ! 

The prayer meeting at half past ten A. M., was conducted 
by Lieut. G. W. Finley,^ a graduate of Washington College, 
Virginia. The Lieutenant is a deacon in the Presbyterian 
Church, at Clarksville, a sensible and intelligent gentleman, 
with a heart for evangelical labor. His remarks this morn- 
ing, on The power of God, were timely and impressive. 
I endeavored to follow him in some suggestions on the Sove- 
reignty of the Diety, as aj)plicable to the present condition of 
the country, and of ourselves as prisoners. 

I find that Lieut. M 1, who has been long inquiring, is 

" not far from the Kingdom of Heaven." 

Tuesday, 5th. — We had breakfast at half past ten o'clock, 
and dinner at three. Our next call to the table will probably 
be at ten o'clock to-morrow morning. Some of our poor 
" Rebs " can stand almost any thing ; but there will be many 
a hungry stomach, before another opportunity for the usual 
scanty "grub." 

Capt. G. L. Roberts conducted the morning worship), and 
Lieut. Mackcy led the noon-day prayer-meeting, followed with 
remarks by Capts. Dunkle, Mitchell, and myself, on the sub- 
ject of Earnestness in Religion. 

The barracks were searched, again, to-day, and we have had 
another worrvino- and exhaustino: time. All hands were made 

1 Now, Jiev. G W. Flnlcy, of Romney, Va. He was captured July 3d, 1863, 
on the Heights of Gettysburg, and confined at Fort Delaware until the 18th 
of the same month, when, witli iQi other prisoners, he was removed to John- 
son's Island, in Ijake Erie. From this place he was sent, with seventy-five 
sick and wounded officers, to Point Lookout, arriving there April 25th, 18G4. 
On the 23d of June, he was returned to Fort Delaware. He was one of the COO 
who were sent to Charleston, and who sutTcred at Morris Island, Fort Pulaski, 
and Hilton Head. In March, 18G5, he was returned to Fort Delaware ; and Wiis 
finally released, through the intervention of a r.altimore lady, tlie following 
May. He was licensed to preach the Gospel, by Orange Presbytery, at Chapel 
Hill, N. C, Oct. llth 1SC7; was ordained an EVangelist by Winchester Pres- 
bytery, Oct. 20th. 1SG8 ; and Installed pastor of Springfield and Romney, West 
Virginia, on the 12tU and 13th of May, 1870. 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 471 

to turn out, and huddle together at " the rear," where we had to 
stand about three hours in a scorching sun. After ransacking 
the divisions for canteens, and blue clothing, the prisoners were 
returned slowly through the sally-port, and each man, as he 
marched out, was required to deliver his watch, and any gold 
coin or greenbacks about his person. Some tried to evade the 
robbery by secreting these articles under the board-walk, or in 
such places as they might hope to regain them after the search. 
One man threw away about fifty dollars in gold, rather than 
transfer it to the Yankee officials. I passed my watch through 
a hole at the back of my " shebang," and recovered it from a 
friend who took care of it on the inside. Perhaps this was an 
unnecessary precaution, as on presenting my pocket-book at 
the sally-port, it was refused, with an order to " move on." 

Our night services were interrupted by the confusion of the 
day. I managed, however, before retiring, to have a meeting 
of the Theological class. 

Wednesday, 6^A.— Lieut. B. E. Roberts conducted the mor- 
ning meeting, followed with some timely suggestions by Lieuts. 
Caldwell and McFarland. The service was closed by myself, 
with some remarks on the Work of the ministry. 

A photographer has been allowed to visit " the pen," and 
has been busy, to-day, taking sundry pictures, to help the 
Yankee pockets, and bring joy to many a " Rebel " heart at the 
South. I had two groups taken myself, with fifteen fa-ces in 
one, and eight in the other. The first embraces a number of 
friends, who have been prominent in the late revival scenes, 
and the other, several of the young men connected with the 
Theological class. 

My health is exceedingly poor. The prevailing disease has 
debilitated me so much, that I am entirely unfit for the usual 
routine of pastoral work. Indeed, I am completely broken 
down. The constant labors have been wearing upon me greatly. 
I suffered much from the exposure on Tuesday, and yester- 



472 . UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

day I was obliged to lie by until the evening, when I made 
an attempt to preach to a crowded house, from ^'My grace is 
sufficient for yon;'' but before uttering half a dozen sentences, 
I found it would be impossible to proceed. I had such a 
severe oppression of the lungs, that my breath seemed to be 
entirely gone. I felt weak, dizzy, and worried, and was about 
excusing myself to the congregation, when my limbs gave way, 
and I fell prostrate across my chair. A scene of confusion 
immediately eusued. Fiiends rushed to the spot, and a phy- 
sician, who happened to be near, directed that I should be 
lifted to my bunk, which was just at the end of the table. 
The necessary attentions were rendered, and I felt somewhat 
relieved ; but it was impossible, of course, to resume my posi- 
tion on the stand. I regretted that the congregation was 
obliged to retire without a sermon. As soon as I can prudently 
resume the work, I shall certainly do so. How often do I 
think of those words of Whitfield, " It is better to wear out, 
than to rust out." God grant, that I may have something 
of the spirit of that laborious and honored servant of Jesus 
Christ. 

I understand that Parson Thomas preached in 31 . 

Many of the prisoners are sick. 

Thursday, 7 tit. — We have had an exciting day. Several 
officers having attempted to make their escape ; the Yankees 
appear to be in a rage; and all privileges are restricted. The 
guards have been very insolent, and peremptory throughout 
the day. 

An attempt was made to rectify the rolls, which seem to be 
in utter confusion. All hands were ordered out, and the 
names called. W^as unwell, and scarcely able to leave my 
bunk. Had to get up ; but was allowed, after awhile, to re- 
turn and lie down. There are about seventy-five or one 
hundred men, over and above the enrolment; and yet a num- 
ber, who ought to be in the barracks, have disappeared. The 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY 473 

attempt of Capt. Burke, Lieut. Patton, and others, to escape 
last night, through one of the ditches, was a bold movement. 
Several officers, whose names I have not learned, did accom- 
plish the feat of getting out of " the pen," by crawling the 
entire width of the division, and then emerging upon the open 
island. Burke and Patton were not so fortunate. They were 
both caught under a flat bridge, covering a walk, near the 
quarters. They are now, I believe, in duress, at the Fort. 

A lamentable affair occurred at "the rear," about dusk, 
this evening. Many persons are now suffering with diarrhoea, 
and crowds are frequenting that neighborhood. The orders 
are, to go by one path, and return by the other. Two lines 
of men, going and coming, are in continual movement. I was 
returning from the frequented spot, and, in much weakness, 
making my way back, when, suddenly, I heard the sentinel 
challenge from the top of the water-house. I had no idea he 
was speaking to me, until some friends called my attention to 
the order. I suppose my pace was too slow for him. I 
passed on; and as frequent inquiries were made in regard to 
my health, I was obliged to say to friends, " we have no time 
to talk ; the sentinel is evidently restless or alarmed, and we 
are in danger." 

I had scarcely reached my quarters, before a musket fired ; 
and it was, immediately, reported that Col. E. P. Jones had 
been shot. 

The murder of Col. Jones is the meanest, and most inex- 
cusable affair that has occurred in the officers' quarters; or 
that has come under my own observation since my imprison- 
ment at Fort Delaware. I did not see him fall ; but have 
learned from Capt. J. B. Cole,^ who was an eye-witness to the 
whole scene, that although he was standing within ten steps 
of the man that killed him, he heard no challenge, nor any 
order to move on. The first intimation he had of the senti- 

iThe statement of Capt. Cole found its way to Richmond, written upon 
tissue paper, and neatly enclosed in a military button. In tiiis shape it was 
designed to be hxuded to President Davis; but the facts having reached the 
ear of the Executive in some other way, this curious dispatch is retained by 
the author as an interesting prison relic. 



474 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR 

nel's displeasure, was the discharge of the musket, and the 
simultaneous exclamation of the Colonel — " Oh, God ! Oh, 
God ! My God, what did you shoot me for ? Why didn't 
you tell me to go on ? I never heard you say anything to 
me!" — and with a few such exclamations, he sank upon the 
ground; and then fell, or rather rolled, down the embank- 
ment. 

Col. Jones has been in the barracks so short a time, that I 
have not had the pleasure of making his acquaintance. I have 
only learned that he is an intelligent i)hysician, of considerable 
property and influence, and that he is from Middlesex county, 
Va. Since he came to Fort Delaware, he has been, constantly, 
suffering with some affection of the feet, causing lameness.^ 

At the time he was shot, he was hobbling along, with one 
shoe, and was carefully stepping down a rough place, near the 
water-house, buttoning his pants. He could not have been 
more than twenty steps from the point of the musket. It is 
said, that the murderer seemed, all day, to be seeking an op- 
portunity to shoot some one. It is, also, reported that Capt. 
Ahl was seen on the top of the shanty, giving some orders, 
only a few moments before the catastrophe. These are all the 
facts that I can learn, concerning this melancholy affair, ex- 
cept that Col. Jones has been taken to the hospital, and that 
there is no prospect of his recovery. 

1 1 am indebted to Col. Wm. S. Christian, of Middlesex county, Va., for the 
following additional facts (recently coniinuuicaled) concerning Col. Jones: — 
"Edward Pope Jones was about thirty years of age at the time of his death. 
His father was a New England man, who seltkd in Middlesex, and died there, 
when Pope was a small boy. The son was educated at the North ; and though 
he studied medicine, he never engaged in the practice — his father having 
left him a handsome estate, wliich he took possession of at the age of 21. 

"Woon after the organization of tlie miliiia sy&tem, in IS.jS, he was elected 
Colonel ofthelO.ilh Regimentof Virginia Militia. This was the only military 
position he ever held ; so that he saw little or no real service, during the war. 
At the time of his capt are, lie was commanding a small force of Home Guards, 
in his native county, that came out to resist tlie raid of Kilpatriclc in Slay, 
1S63. His little force of old men, and boys, was soon scattered. Jones was 
captured, tlio same night, at his own house. He made a narrow escape from 
being hung as a bushwhacker; and was saved only by his militia commi.ssion. 
He was, for a time, imprisoned in the old Cnpitol, at Washington, then at 
Johnson's Island, and was finally taken to Fort Delaware. Pie was a man of 
some eccentricities of character; but, those who knew him best, esteemed him 
very highly. He was generous to a fault, and eminently kind and cli;iritahlo 
to the neighboring poor; had few vices or faults; was a man of high sense of 
honor; and a warm and faithful friend." 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 475 

Capt. Charlton Morgan was, this day, again removed to 
the Fort. 

We were ordered to bed early; and all talking is pro- 
hibited, 

Friday, 8th. — The boy who shot Col. Jones is again on 
guard, this morning; and it is reported that he has been f>ro- 
moted to a corporalcy. He belongs, I think, to an Ohio regi- 
ment, is about eighteen years old, aud is known as "Bill 
Douglas." 

Unusual watchfulness prevailed during the night. New 
sentinels were on guard, in every direction. A noisy fellow 
tramped under my window until daylight. Guards have been 
posted inside of " the pen," and everything indicates appre- 
hension, on the part of the Yankees, and danger to the pris- 
oners. 

Gen. Schoepf visited "the pen," accompanied by Capt. 
Ahl, and other officers. They were evidently excited, and 
moved quickly from place to place. Some of the officers were 
anxious to have an interview, and pressed upon them for a 
word. I succeeded in halting the General, aud spoke to him 
myself, about the recklessness o£ the sentinels, and the great 
danger to which I was personally exposed just before the 
shooting last night. He referred to the repeated attempts 
which had, lately, been made to effect escapes ; spoke decidedly 
of his purpose to put a stop to the whole thing ; and excused 
the guards. "They shall shoot down any man," said he, 
" who tries to get away." 

Capt. Ahl averred that Col. Jones had been challenged; 
and justified the sentinel. Several bystanders insisted, that he 
was quietly returning from " the rear," and that there was no 
cause for the murder. Ahl affirmed, that he was near by, 
when the shooting took place ; and that he had ordered the 
sentinel to fire at the first man, that stopped on the thorough- 
fare. 



476 TINITED STATES BONDS; OR 

I appealed to Gen. Schoepf, to hear a statement of the case; 
and told him, that I had always supposed him to be a Immane 
officer, and disposed to do what was right. He was evidently • 
embarrassed by tlie presence of Ahl ; and nervously moved I 
off towards the gate, followed by his -attendants. He was 
there surrounded by another company of jDrisoners, who tried , 
to get an audience. He refused to hear them ; and referred 
them to " Dr. Handy," urging as he went out — " He knows 
I want to do right." 

Before the party left, I inquired of the General, whether 
he had received my communication in regard to the awning, 
as I feared it had never reached him. He at once expressed 
a perfect willingness to comply with the request, and nothing 
more was said about it ; but I now hope we shall soon have 
the long desired shade, and more comfortable arrangements for 
the meetings. We are greatly in need of something of this 
sort, as there is no vacant division, since the late reinforce- 
ment, which can be used for the purpose. 

The usual prayer meeting was held this morning ; and 
Ca|)t. Samford preached to-night. My poor health has de- 
barred me the pleasure of these services. 

Mrs. Emley informs me, that some benevolent lady has 
placed ^10 in her hands, to be appropriated, in some way, for 
the benefit of the prisoners. I have recommended, that it be 
the basis of a fund for the awning. 

An embargo has been laid upon our newspapers. The 
New York News — which I have lately been allowed to re- 
ceive — is now interdicted. 

Saturday, 9th. — The watchfulness continues. Sentinels are 
posted everywhere, in and out of "the pen." Everything 
is noticed by our oppressors ; and we are obliged, as it were 
to walk on tiptoe, and to hold our very breath. 

Our morning meeting was conducted by Capt. Duukle, a 
worthy young man, wMio expects to enter the ministry in the 
M. E. Cliurch. 



DTJEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 477 

Chaplain Paddock made us a visit, this morning, accom- 
panied by the Rev. Mr. Colton, of the Christian Commission. 
I invited Mr. Colton to address the noon-day company, which 
he did, in some excellent remarks, on The imi^ortance of a due 
cultivation of grace in the heart. Capt. Dunkle added some 
good thoughts. 

Capt. W. H. Gordon, Jr., and Edward J. Devitt, a po- 
litical prisoner — both of whom were condemned to hard 
labor during the war — were, this morning, removed to the 
Fort, with a view to the execution of the sentence. They 
are worthy fellows ; and all regard their fate as hard in the 
extreme. We shall miss Gordon, every moment. Ilis whole 
heart has been in the great work, with which God has blessed 
us in the barracks ; and we have listened to his exhortations, 
and prayers, with profit and pleasure. It may be, that God 
has a work for him with Company Q. He was allowed to 
take out his books. 

A great many boxes have recently been forwarded from 
Point Lookout, which had been sent to prisoners at that place, 
and who are now at Fort Delaware. These boxes generally 
contain articles of provision, which being of a perishable 
nature, and so long delayed, are now perfectly useless. I am 
sure it would move the hearts of benevolent donors, if they 
could witness the disappointment of hungry " Rebs," sitting 
in groups around the open boxes, knives in hand, scraping 
and paring, to secure a tidbit from the rotten mass. 

I am sorry to record, that some of the men are utterly 
remorseless about the quantity or quality of articles solicited. 
These are, often, persons who need less than others. Availing 
themselves of every possible means to secure the names of 
wealthy, or ready sympathizers, they make no scruple as to 
their demands. One man has even gone so fur, as to call for 
costly medical works, with a view to perfecting his profession, 
whilst in prison. I am glad to find, that the matter is begin- 
ning to be understood, and that inquiries are made concerning 



478 UNITED STATES BONDS; OB 

the parties, before remittances are forwarded. Letters of in- 
quiry have been addressed to myself, and I hope I have been 
useful to some of our poor fellows who are without friends, 
and perhaps saved some benevolent ones from imposition. 

Felt sufficiently recovered to attempt a sermon, to-night, 
in 29, from ii. Cor. xii. 9 : "Jli"^ grace" <Scc. Parson Thomas 
preached in 34, and astonished some of his hearers by an 
expression of his views on the subject of " feet- washing." 

Orders, encased in frames with glass coverings, have been 
stuck up in various directions about " the pen," authorizing 
sentinels to shoot any man who disobeys a challenge. No 
allowance seems to be made for deafness, or misunderstanding. 

Sunday y 10th. — No roll call, either last night or this mor- 
ning — all things, I presume, being now considered safe. 

Marched into breakfast at half-past nine o'clock, with crav- 
ing appetites, to be tantalized with the usual scanty allowance 
of bread, and a piece of spoiled beef. To myself personally it 
was a matter of little consequence, as I have no relish for the 
prison food, even when in health. 

Col. Jones died last night at the hospital, but the Yankees 
are silent, and we hear very little about him. A question has 
arisen in regard to the propriety of a funeral sermon. It may 
be most prudent, under the circumstances, to omit this service. 
The prisoners are anxious to send the remains of the murdered 
man to his friends, and have raised the necessary funds. "We 
find, however, that the authorities are opposed, and the body 
will be disposed of as best suits themselves. 

We had preaching in three divisions — Parson Thomas, 
Capt. Samford, and myself, according to our gifts, instructing 
the crowds. "What the others preached about, I have not yet 
been informed. My own sermon was an exposition of Matt, 
vii. 13 : "Broad is the way" &c. 

In the afternoon, the Bible class assembled as usual, large 
numbers attending. We are slowly, but with great interest, 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 479 

and I hope with profit, pushing on with the first chapter of 
Romans. 

I am suffering with an affection of the throat, accompanied 
with shortness of breath, and feebleness of voice. This is a 
new trouble, and I can only account for it by the incessant use 
which I have to make of my throat and lungs, every day and 
hour, both in and out of the stand. I first felt it on the com- 
munion Sabbath, when I was obliged to elevate my voice 
against a strong wind, and under other circumstances of dis- 
advantage. 

As I was unable to preach to-night, Capt. Samford held a 
prayer meeting in my division (34), and gave me quite a treat 
in the pleasant service, as I reclined in my bunk. 

' Monday, ll^/i.— Discovered spies in " the pen." We have, 
heretofore, had reason to suspect a system of surveillance ; but 
have had no positive proof until now. Some doubtful charac- 
ters have been very cautiously (?) inquiring of myself, in re- 
gard to rebel sympathizers in Delaware, and the best modes 
of reaching them, after an escape to the other side. "Old 
birds are not caught with chaff." 

Our morning service was conducted by Lieut. Bulloch. 
We had an interesting meeting. Mr. Colton, again, present. 
Remarks were offered by Capts. Shane and Dunkle, Lieut. 
Finley, and myself. 

I have been keeping a lookout at my window for Gordon 
and Devitt. They passed, to-day, in full view from my 
bunk, dressed in the grotesque coats worn by Company Q, and 
drawing — with ten or twelve others — a horse-cart, heavily 
loaded with dirt. They both glanced over at my corner, and 
as our eyes met, I found it impossible to suppress a tear. As 
they continued to look, I pointed upward, to remind them of 
the source of all comfort. Gordon immediately recognized the 
sio-n ; and putting his right hand upon his heart, he, too, looked 
upward with a happy smile. Bless the Lord for the faith of 
the Gospel I 



480 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

The roll calling has been resumed, much to the annoyance 
of some of us, who are too feeble to stand in the hot sun of 
the forenoon ; and to-night, to the grief of those who attend 
the meetings, we were obliged, on account of this strangely- 
irregular movement, to suspend the services altogether* 

Tuesday, 12th. — Five refugees were returned to the bar- 
racks this morning, viz: — Col. Cooper, and Capts. Burke, 
Patton, Allen, and Perkins. The poor fellows looked shabby, 
and forlorn enough. One or two of them were bare-footed. 
Two others, who got out through the ditch, succeeded in 
making their escape, from the eastern part of the island, to the 
Jersey shore. AVe have heard from several who escaped by 
another route. It is said that fifteen men — who were lately 
with us — by a preconcerted arrangement, met, recently, in 
Baltimore. 

Our noon-day meeting was conducted by Lieut. Armstead, 
of Florida. We had some good remarks by Capt. Harris, 
and a stranger, on the subject of Earnestness in religion. 
Added some words, myself, corresponding thereto, and called 
attention to some errors in prayer. 

We have had a great deal of " grape" to-day, in regard to 
the success of " the Rebels." Reports, that a successful en- 
gagement has occurred somewhere near Havre de Grace, in 
Maryland, and that the Baltimore and Philadelphia Railroad 
has been cut, between Baltimore and Wilmington. 

The roll was called this evening, by divisions. We were 
again interrupted, in our service, by this untimely arrange- 
ment. It really looks as if there were a purpose in it, to break 
up the night meetings. 

Family worship before retiring. 

Wednesday, 13th. — I have forgotten who conducted the 
morning services ; but remember that some very excellent 
remarks were made by Lieutenants Mitchell, and Bullitt, on 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 481 

the subject of prayer ; and that the former gave an interesting 
account of an intercessory prayer offered by himself, of an 
answer to which he had to-day been notified by letter. My 
own remarks were in the same line, with some reflections upon 
the teachings of our Saviour, on this subject. 

Lieut. C conducted the evening services; and was 

more impressive than heretofore, from the words, "3Ien love 
darkness rather than light, because their deeds are evil." 

Saw Gordon, and Devitt, during the day, hard at work, 
throwing dirt. I have no doubt they are willing enough to 
have the exercise; but what an indignity that men of their 
spirit should be forced to such labor as " convicts." May God 
give them grace to forgive their enemies, and to bear up under 
their sufferings. 

The report that Bill Douglas has been made a corporal has 
been confirmed. Great indignation prevails ; but the summary 
measures, which some proposed, are not generally approved. 

We have exciting news in regard to Washington. 

Thursday, 14:th. — Have been bed-ridden all day, suffering 
with debility, and the prevailing complaint. Have felt the 
cruelty of certain sanitary arrangements ; and know the trial 
of " the long journey." 

Maynadier took the stand at the noon-day meeting ; and 
Capt. Samford remarked on Christian effort, followed by 
Lieut. McFarland, a worthy son of a well known, and worthy 
father. 

Friday, 15th. — Still very unwell, and confined to bed most 
of the day. Took part, however, in the morning service, 
adding my testimony to the remarks of Adjutant Laws, Capt. 
Samford, and the Rev. Mr. Colton, of the Christian Commis- 
sion, on the Oneness of <in Evangelical faith. 

Capt. Thomas preached at night, in a very unpretending, 
31 



482 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR 

but sensible manner, from, "As in Adam all die, so in Christ 
shall all be made alive." 

A curious sight is now exhibited at "the rear," where 
scores of hungry cooks may be seen every evening, busily 
engaged in preparing supper. The cooking utensils, made 
chiefly of fruit cans, are of singular variety. These are placed 
over miniature fires; and it is really astonishing, what a good 
cup of tea, or coffee, or nice plate of hash, may be gotten up, 
with tlie few splinters of pine board picked up, here and there, 
about the quarters. The work is all done on the bank, in full 
view of every sick man or other traveller frequenting that 
neighborhood ; and, sometimes, the savory fumes of onions and 
beef prove a no mean medicine. 

A class in Greek and Latin is now in full operation, taught 
by Capt. Henderson, of Louisiana. Among the students, of 
whom there are twelve, are Captains Gordon, Dye, Dunkle, 
G. L. Roberts, and Mackey. 

Encouraging news from Petersburg. 

Saturday, 16th. — Still sick and prostrate. In much suffer- 
ing, took the "long journey" in the night. Others were 
travelling all the time. Sometimes the men are picked np on 
the route. Others crawl, to and fro, or fall by the wayside, 
wishing for day. What a shame to humanity ! O, the hor- 
rors of this dreadful prison ! 

My throat is somewhat better; but I am so much out of 
order in this, and other respects, that I can only leave my 
bunk, for a few remarks at the noon-day meeting. I fear I 
shall have to go to the hospital. Would greatly prefer a 
parole, could it be obtained, to spend a few days under the 
careful nursing of my wife. Think I shall venture a petition 
to that effect, as Gen. Schcepf once offered to send me across 
the river under guard. Others have been permitted to leave 
the island, for a short time, on parole. I really don't know 
what to do. All this is the result of confinement, irregularity 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 483 

of living, anxiety, hard labor, and exposure ; but I trust these 
experiences have made me a wiser, and a better man. I am 
in the hands of my Heavenly Father, who will do for me just 
what is best. The year is almost out; and I now owe much 
to His preserving arm. I will be of good cheer. Light 
Cometh in the morning ! 

The religious exercises, in the forenoon, were in charge of 
Captains Samford and Wm. E. White. Subject of remark, 
Earnestness in religion. Capt. Harris preached at night, on 
Secret Sins. 

Dr. Edward Worrell, of Delaware City, is reported to be 
shut up at the Fort, somewhere in the interior. I have been 
expecting this for months, as the bold and fearless demeanor 
of this gentleman has made him particularly obnoxious to the 
Government, at Washington. He is a warm Southern man, 
and has done much for the aid, and comfort of prisoners. 
J|@°" News of the fall of Vicksburg. 

Sabbath, 17th. — Was entirely too unwell, to attempt a ser- 
mon. Capt. Samford ' holds out remarkably, and preached 
from Matt, xxiii. 31 : "And they crucified Him." An excel- 
lent discourse. The Captain, also, relieved me of the Bible 
class; but, was called from my bunk to settle a little dispute, 
among the members, in regard to the true meaning of Romans 
ii. 9 — latter clause, "of the Jew first, and also of the 
Gentile." 

Capt. Thomas made some very sensible remarks, at night, 
from Matt. xvi. 17, 18. Heard the sermon from my bunk, 
and was interested. 

After services, many friends gathered around me, for con- 
versation. Dye, Shane, and G. L. Roberts remained after 
" taps," lying upon either side of me, both " hearing, and 
asking questions." 

Wednesday, 20th. — One year ago, this day, I was arrested 
at Bridgeville, Delaware, and brought, the same evening, by 



484 UNITED STATES BONDS; OE 

Capt. Ellison, to Delaware City. At that time, the thing 
seemed to me to be preposterous ; and I supposed it would 
only be necessary, that I should have a hearing, before the 
proper authorities, to be released, immediately. It was sug- 
gested to me, by certain friends, that my imprisonment would 
be for the war. I felt inclined to laugh at their simplicity ; 
but a year's experience has proven, that it was meant, from the 
first, to make the most of the capture. 

I have little or nothing in the circumstances of my impris- 
onment, for which to thank my enemies. My situation, it is 
true, might have been worse ; for, as has been done in some 
cases, they might have subjected me to solitary confinement, 
and put me upon a continued diet of bread and water. This 
they have not done. On the other hand, I have much of the 
time enjoyed a parole of the Island ; but at my age, in my 
state of health, an abducted citizen, untried, uncondemned, 
with no charge of overt action against the United States Gov- 
ernment, they were obliged to grant it, or subject themselves 
to the charge of brutality or palpable barbarism. But through 
many long, weary months I was closely confined to a strait- 
ened apartment in the interior of the Fort ; and for the 
last three months I have been shut up with prisoners of war, 
fed on coarse and stinted rations, disallowed visits from any 
friend or relative, and subjected to all sorts of annoyances and 
inconveniences. 

My health has suffered much from the imprisonment. I am 
by no means, physically, the man that I was, when I came to 
the Fort, although I was not even then a well man — for I had 
been virtually a prisoner at Portsmouth, long before I came to 
Delaware, and had endured much at the hands of our oppres- 
sors. Now my hair is gray, my flesh flabby, my gait feeble, 
and my general physique much out of order. The scattered 
condition of my family, and the dependence and destitution 
of several of my dear children, have given me much pain and 
distress. I have had many moments of dejection, anxiety and 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 485 

restlessness, and many days and nights have I spent, " my 
bones waxing old," because of my trouble. 

But there is another side to this picture. It was undoubt- 
edly God's purpose, that I should come to Fort Delaware. 
He who notices the sparrows when they fall, and who counts 
the very hairs of our heads, had a work for His poor servant 
to do; and in his imprisonment opened up a field of usefulness, 
such as I could not possibly have found, either at my old home, 
or perhaps anywhere else at the South, I am glad then, that 
I have been a prisoner, and that I have been imj)risoned the 
entire year. The evidence is full, and continually illustrated, 
of good done, not only in the conversion of sinners, but in 
reclaiming backsliders, the building up of Christians, and the 
awakening of many careless ones to the knowledge of the 
truth. The praise belongs unto God, and to Him do I most 
heartily give it. Not unto me, but unto Thy name be all the 
glory ! 

I wish also in this place, to make the grateful record, that 
during the past year my own mind has taken a wider range ; 
that truth has shone in upon my soul with a brighter lustre; 
the Scriptures have increased in beauty and interest ; my read- 
ing has been more decidedly instructive, than in any one year 
of my life before ; I have had a rich experience in association 
with men of varied minds and characters ; my natural diffi- 
dence, which through the forty-eight years of my life had never 
wholly left me, has been greatly broken ; I feel, indeed, that 
I am a wiser, and I verily believe, through God's grace, a better 
man than before I came to this place. 

I can distinctly see the good providence of God, in the cir- 
cumstances of my family, during this year of my imprison- 
ment. My wife and children have been subjected to much 
embarrassment, anxiety, and distress ; but had they remained 
at Portsmouth, they must have suffered even more. Should 
God spare our lives a few years longer, I hope to see the hap- 
piest results, all to be traced back to the present wise arrange- 
ments of His all-seeing providence. 



486 UNITED STATES BONDS; OE 

Do I wish to remain at Fort Delaware ? By no means ! 
The flesh desires liberty, ease, rest. Greatly do I desire, to 
be a free man, once more. I would do anything, to relieve 
myself, not involving a sacrifice of principle. But my spirit 
is the same, that it has been from the first. "The oath " ap- 
pears to be more contemptible and wicked than ever. My 
soul shrinks not, nor falters, even with my failing health. 
Whilst I, fully, assent to the doctrine, that it may involve no 
sin, to yield allegiance to a corrupt and despotic government ; 
yet I cannot see that duty would invite me to such a course, 
even for the sake of my family, save under the direst necessity. 
Such a necessity has not transpired. When it comes ; and I 
must renounce my chosen South — then the sacrifice will be 
made, in the feur of God ; and " swearing to my hurt, I will 
change not," Were sin, necessarily, involved in " the oath of 
allegiance," or "amnesty," I would go to the scaffold, or die 
among fagots, before I would take it. But why these reflec- 
tions? The day of deliverance, I trust, draweth nigh. I 
hope in God. He will order it well for me and mine ; and. in 
due time, He will deliver me out of all my distresses. Help, 
Lord, that I faint not I 

The morning meeting was conducted by Lieut. Noble, one 
of the late converts, a very worthy young man from Texas. 
Remarks were offered by Capt. Shane, Lieuts. Bulloch and 
McKemy,and myself. McKemy's address was especially timely 
and pointed. He thought there were many in the church who 
were never converted ; and a great many real Christians, who 
deprive themselves of great joy and comfort, in consequence of 
their continued ignorance of Scrij)ture doctrines and promises. 
This brother is a Virginian, from Rockbridge, and a member 
of the Associate Reformed Church. He is a great man for 
the Catechism, and shows his good training. He is an excel- 
lent man, and makes a good prayer. Taking his points, I 
commented upon them more at large; and received the close 
attention of my hearers. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 487 

Lieut, (or Capt. Thomas, as we call him) preached a char- 
acteristic sermon, at night, from i. Tim. iv. 6 : " Take heed" 
&c. The old gentleman is remarkable for his good memory 
of Scripture texts, and especially for his selections from the 
Epistles. Though very illiterate, he has some sound views; 
and, so far, he has never obtruded his peculiar denominational 
tenets. On one occasion, indeed, he expressly announced — 
for the benefit of the Campbellites, I suppose — that water 
baptism could not save. 

I am, frequently, in the receipt of letters from persons in 
different parts of the country, inquiring for officers whose 
names have been forwarded to them, or who have written for 
articles of provisions or clothing. A system of imposition 
has been practised by some, which is really abominable. Bogus 
names have been given, and feigned wants expressed, until 
many are afraid to forward boxes even to those who really 
need, until a note of inquiry has been sent to some reliable 
person, to know whether the sufferer is a myth or a real 
officer. Too much of this mean work has been practised by 
our own Southern men ; and there is reason to believe, that 
outsiders are carrying on a system of robbery, which none but 
the most sordid and depraved could devise. 

Friday, 22c?. — My health continues to decline. Indeed, I 
am now so perfectly debilitated, that I am obliged to give up 
preaching altogether. I have written a letter to Gen. Schoepf, 
asking a parole for a week or ten days, to place myself under 
the care of my wife — promising, after a little homelike nurs- 
ing, to return at his bidding. I see no reason wliy this re- 
quest may not be granted, as there can be no use in keeping 
me here, unless it be to shorten my days. 

Gen. Schoepf called in to see me, in the course of the day, 
and advised a move to the hospital. I may have to go there; 
but I confess the idea is unpleasant. If I must be " sick, and 
in prison," I Avould much rather be among friends, who, I am 



488 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE, 

sure, will do all they can to take care of me. Returned 
patients tell us, that the accommodations at the hospital are 
anything but what they ought to be; and many think the 
probability of recovery- — whatever the disease — is far less in 
the wards than in the barracks !^ 

Dr. Gamble (one of our Confederate surgeons) says I must 
have brandy, or blackberry wine, immediately ; but I can see 
no prospect of obtaining anything of the sort. Felt low- 
spirited, all day — and am troubled, particuhirly, because I 
must stop work. But I must learn to suffer, as well as do 
God's will. Oh, for grace in this hour of need ! 

I am happy to record the name of Miss E. A. Prettyman, 
of Philadelphia, as one of the kind friends who have remem- 
bered me in a time of need. A box, containing sundry good 
things, came to hand to-day; and I am indebted, also, to this 
good lady f )r a hat, and a pair of pants. 

The services to-day were in charge of Lieut. Southgate, in 
the morning, and Capt. Samford in the evening ; but I am 
unable to make any report concerning them. 

Have managed to write several letters, notwithstanding my 
extreme debility. 

Saturday, 23d. — Somewhat better, to-day ; but still very- 
feeble. 

Have been favored, again, with boxes from my wife, and 
our untiring friend, Mrs. Emley. My wife sends some timely 
medicine, which I shall use, with strong hope of good. 

Capt. George W. Lewis, of Georgia, took the lead in the 
morning prayer-meeting. The Captain is a member of the 
Methodist Church, a most worthy man, and brave soldier, who 
was one of the last to leave the trenches at Spottsylvania. I 
endeavored to add a few words, to what was well said by this 
good brother. Our subject, Complaining Cliristians. 

ISee Appendix O for Rev. G. W. Finley's letter. 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AdTHOEITY. 489 

About eighty prisoners, from the Old Capitol, in Wash- 
ington, were brought in, before night; and among them, I was 
delighted to find my old friend, aud family physician. Dr. J. 
M. Covert, of Portsmouth. 

Parson Thomas occupied the stand at the usual hour, in 
the evening — preaching from Rev. vii. 13: "And the stars 
of Heaven fell," t&o. 

Sabbath, 2-ith. — Had a visit from Dr. Covert, who joined 
me at breakfast. Sick all day. Not well by any means, in 
the morning; and, at night, went to my bunk, suffering with 
the prevailing complaint, greatly aggravated by headache. 
Could take no part, of course, in the usual services. Captain 
Samford, who seems to have a fine constitution,, still holds up, 
aud preached in the forenoon on the subject of Temptation, 
from James i. 13, 14, 15. Capt. Harris conducted the Bible 
class ; and we had a little variety, in a discussion which arose 
among the members of the class, about Degrees of Happiness 
in Heaven — some urging that the idea is inconsistent with 
Bible teaching, particularly as illustrated in the parable of the 
laborers. 

Capt. Evans — a Methodist preacher from Georgia — closed 
the day, with a sermon from Matt, xviii. 11 : "For the son 
of mafi is come to save that ivhich is lost." 

My letter to Gen. Schoepf, asking a parole for a fevr days, 
on account of my health, was returned, endorsed as follows: 

Headquarters, Fort Delaware, July 2ith, 1864. 
Respectfully returned, with the information, that the power 
to grant Paroles is not vested in the Commanding General. 
Geo. ^V. Ahl, Capt. A A. A. A. G. 

Monday, 25th. — Many poor fellows travel, every night, to 
"the rear," clad only in shirt and drawers. The journey is 
so long, and exposing, that I dare not imitate them, and some- 
times find it necessary to sleep in my clothes. Such was the 



490 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE, 

case last night ; but it availed nothing, as the usual travel was 
wholly interdicted, on account of the heavy rain, which 
afforded opportunities for escape. The suffering was great, of 
course. 

Notwithstanding the unusual vigilance, about two hundred 
privates — favored by the extreme darkness — are reported to 
have gotten off, in two boats, constructed for the purpose, 
which they had managed to conceal under the floor of the 
barracks. 

We had a delightful service, this morning, in 31 — Capt. 
Harris preaching. Capt. E tt, of Mobile, made confes- 
sion, as a backslider, in accordance with a suggestion which I 
thought it my duty to make to him, on tliat subject. His 
statement was interesting, and in the spirit of true repentance. 
Though very weak and feeble, I endeavored to make some 
remarks on the nature and duty of Confession. 

INIajor George Shearer, of Frederick City, was removed to 
the Fort, and consigned to quarters with Company Q. We 
are wholly in the dark, in regard to this movement. 

We have a rumor of the fall of Atlanta, and the capture of 
five Confederate orenerals. 

Postage for the New York News was called for. 

Tuesday, 2Qfh. — Our meeting, in the forenoon, was con- 
ducted by Lieut. Thos. C. Cfiandler, of Caroline county, Vir- 
ginia. Capt. Samford expressed himself, very feelingly, in 
regard to his desire and purpose to live nearer to God. Lieut. 
Bailey, a recent convert, thanked God for his hopes. 

The Christian Association was regularly organized; and 
Captains W. R. White, Thos. W. Harris, D. P. Thomas, and 
Samford were appointed to draft a Ccmstitution, and By-Laws 
for the government of the Society. 

My young friend, James Robinson, of Portsmouth, having 

mentioned my weakly slate to !Mi«s Baker, of Baltimore, 

had the pleasure of receiving some good things from that 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 491 

source, which have come in the time of need. May the bless- 
ing of God rest upon these friends. 

Chaplain Robert F. Evans, of the 4th Georgia Regiment 
(recently arrived), occupied the stand to-night, and gave us a 
sermon from Matt. xiil. 44: "JAe kingdom of Heaven is like 
unto treasure hid in ajield." 

Received a letter, to-day, from my wife. 

Health somewhat better. 

Wednesday, 27th. — Dr. Covert again with me at breakfast. 
Tibbetts tried himself for a good table; and from the late sup- 
plies, succeeded admirably. Had a cozy talk with my old 
friend and, although still much out of order, felt cheered and 
comforted. 

The morning meeting was conducted by Lieut, Paul. We 
were favored with the presence of two ministers from Ohio — 
Rev. Messrs. Colton, and Frazer — both of them offering a few 
remarks. Some words were offered by myself, on the Compe- 
tency of the Church to do all its own work. 

At a meeting of the Christian Association, the conamittee 
to draft a constitution and by-laws made a report, which was 
unanimously adopted.^ An election of officers took place, 
resulting in the choice of myself, for President ; and of Captains 
Samford and Harris, Vice-Presidents. Committees Were also 
appointed on Devotional Exercises, the Sick and Destitute, 
and for the Collection and Distribution of Religious Reading. 

Had the loan of some books from Chaplain Paddock. 

The report in regard to the fall of Atlanta, proves to be a 
canard. 

Thursday, 28th. — Still in a state of great debility. Have 
been benefitted, however, by my wife's medicines. 

The bugle sounded this morning, as a call to service. 
Meeting conducted by Lieut. J. C. Bronaugh, of Richmond, 

1 See Appendix I. 



492 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

Va. Remarks by myself, on Living for the glory of God ; and, 
as a means of happiness, making a religion of everything. 

Had a visit from Adjt. Boyle, who proposes to read the 
Episcopal service, and certain sermons from a volume by one 
of the Bishops of that Church. Encouraged him to under- 
take the M'ork, especially for the beuelit of some, who will be 
particularly interested. 

A large box from JNIrs. Emley, with clothing for numbers 
of our suflPtrers, who have forwarded their names, asking sup- 
plies. Superintended the distribution in person, under the 
direction of a Sergeant, until all the packages were delivered. 
Returned to my bunk, completely worn out. 

The Christian Association will now take the place of the 
Prayer and Conference meetings — altering the complexion of 
the service somewhat, but not interfering with its devotional 
character. At a meeting, held to-day, Capt. A. Thomas, of 
Kentucky, was chosen Treasurer, Lieut. Southgate, Recording 
Secretary, and Lieut. Finley, Corresponding Secretary of the 
Society. 

Parson Thomas held forth at night, preaching from Acts 
ii. 38 : "Repent and he baptized,^' &c. The old gentleman 
tried to be as little sectarian as possible; but was obliged to 
introduce his peculiar views — urging, however, that baptism 
is not a saving ordinance. 

Had a letter from my benevolent friend, Mr. McCown, of 
Kentucky, inclosing two dollars. 

Saturday, 30th. — I am completely broken down; and Dr. 
Covert tells me, I cannot live much longer under present 
restraints and privations. He still urges the absolute neces- 
sity of some active stimulant, and has, himself, written to Gen. 
Schocpf on the subject. If I could have a few days' parole, 
under the watchful care of my wife, with suitable diet and 
tonics, I might hope for some improvement j but I am with- 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 493 

out Sympathy at headquarters, and seem to be given over to 
the tender mercies of hcartk^ss understrappers and officials. 
Well, be it so ! They could have no power against me, except 
it were given them from above ! 

The first regular meeting of the Association took place, to- 
day. After a little prayer-meeting, conducted by Lieut. T. S. 
Armstead, I took the chair, as President, and announced the 
following standing committees, viz : — 

Devotional Exercises: Capt. H. L. W. Johnson, Capt. Evans, 
and Lieuts. E. Lee Bell, Carter, and Mackcy. 

On Sick and Destitute: Capts. W. R. White, AV. H. Ben- 
nett, and others. 

On Order and Arrangement: Capt. J. H. Johnson, and 
Lieuts. Walker, Noble, A. H. Bailey, and others. 

We have over two hundred professors of religion, in " the 
pen;'"' and cf t'lis number, more than one hundred have given 
in their names, as members of the Association. Great inte- 
rest seems to be manifested ; and the various committees will 
go to work immediately. The particular object of the orga- 
nization, is the relief of suffering in prison ; and the concen- 
tration of Christian effort, for the spiritual good of all con- 
fined in these quarters. 

We had 9, scene, to-day, in "the pen," which illustrates the 

spirit of our masters. Capt. Lewis was reading a news- 

j)aper in the audience of a sentinel, and commenting upon 
some statement, which he regarded as erroneous. The blue- 
coat was displeased, and ordered him to get up and " mark time." 
There was no alternative ; and the Captain, an intelligent and 
high-minded gentleman, was made to dance before the vulgar 
fellow, until the matter was reported to the officer of the day, 
who being a man of better thought, put a stop to the indig- 
nant farce. 

Have had a letter from Col. W. H. Purnell, of Baltimore, 
assuring me of the probability of an early exchange, with a 



494 tTNITED STATES BONDS) OR 

Mr. Culbertson/ now in Richmond. Is it so? I shall wait 
in hope — but the news really seems too good to be true. 
Capt. Harris preached at night. 

Sabbath, 31st. — I am now entirely too feeble to occupy the 
stand. Have not preached for three Sabbaths, nor during the 
week, except in two or three short addresses at noon-day. 

The religious services, to-day, were conducted, by Parson 
Thomas, at 11 A. M., in 34; Bible class by Caj^t. Sarnford; 
and the evening worship by Chaplain Evans, on the story of 
Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego. 

Wolff spent the Sabbath, in watering the yard. 

Fourteen field officers were removed to the Fort — Col. 
Hardeman, Majors Fontaine and Heed, Capt. Meriwether, 
and Lieut. Andrews, who were oflfcred the privilege, declined 
to make the change. 



XV. 

August. 

Monday, Ist. — Spent an exceedingly restless night, in con- 
sequence of the intense heat and the constant calling among 
the sentinels. The clamor, at times, was so great that I could 
scarcely endure it. For some reason, the miserable fellows 
kept up a continual quarrelling, and threatened one another 
with bayonets. 

1 Joha P. Culbertson, a citizen of CUarabersburg, Pa. Before the war was 
extensively engaged in the planing mill business. Captured July 6th, '63, by 
stragglers "from Lee's army, and marched to Staunton, Va., in advance of 
prisoners taken at Gettysburg. Sent to Richmoud by car, and lodged, first, In 
Libby prison, and afterwards in Castle Thunder. Subsequently imprisoned 
fit Salisbury , N. C, where, for a time, he enjoyed a parole with Dr. Hamilton, 
of Pa., who was appointed to the, charge of a hospital. Returned to Rich- 
mond in March, 1864, by order of Gon. Winder. Says he had some hard treat- 
ment in Richmond ; but received money and other favors from Rev. Dr. 
Moore, " who was a friend In need, and a friend indeed." Remained in Castle 
Thunder until Aug. 12th, 1864, When he was sent to Washington as exchange 
for the author. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY 495 

The morning meeting was conducted by Lieut. "W". M. 
Bulloch, a most excellent brother from Mississippi, who 
always has something good to say. 

The newspapers are again suppressed. We consider this a 
good sign, notwithstanding the accounts in circulation at such 
times, about disastrous battles, and other terrible results to the 
cause of the South. We have "grape" enough to-day; but 
we put little or no confidence in the reports ; whether true or 
false, the talk and excitement serve to keep up the spirits of 
the men. 

Lieut. Joseph B. Coffield called, for a conversation on the 
subject of baptism. Gave him my views in detail, and handed 
him a copy of Dr. Miller's excellent work on that subject. 
He is, evidently, an honest inquirer, though heretofore inclin- 
ing; to the immersion views. He has a friend with whom he 
compares not^s ; and from what he nows tells me, it will not 
be long before his mind will be a rest. The subject naturally 
engrosses the attention of young converts, and particularly 
those of a certain class. I avoid, of course, any sectarian 
teaching on this subject, and never introduce the subject con- 
troversially, in any of my public addresses. I have always 
held myself in readiness, however, to give instruction to those 
who ask it ; and I find that a number of persons, who have 
been, heretofore, opposed to pedo-bapti^t views, are now of a 
very different mind. Others, who have had little or no 
thought in regard to the design, and mode of baptism, are 
looking at the subject with great interest, and rejoice in this 
seal of the covenant. 

Wrote sundry letters to Philadelphia, Washington, Rich- 
mond, and Delaware, Was constantly interrupted, by per- 
sons calling, with all sorts of questions. 

Had a long conversation, outside of the "shebang," with 
my friends Shane and Dye; and continuing until after "taps," 
were driven in by the sentinel, 

Capt. C , from the far South, preached at night, from 



496 tTNITED STATES BONDS; OE 

"Come unto me/' &c. A well meaning young man, but no 
preacher. It may be, however, that some good was done. 

Tuesday, 2d. — My health is somewhat better; but, I 
greatly need a tonic, and M^ait with anxiety ta hear from Gen. 
Schqepf, in reply to Dr. Covert's letter. Why should I be 
refused a medicine, which physicians, and friends urge as so 
necessary to my strength, and ultimate restoration ? 

Capt. F. C Robbins conducted the morning worship. He 
is a fine looking, and interesting young man — one of the late 
converts — v.ho takes great interest in the religious services; 
but M-hose extreme modesty has not yet allowed him to venture 
remarks. 

The Christian Association is, now, in full operation ; and we 
only need the awning to insure large congregations, and grand 
results. INIuch zeal is manifested in regard to the proposed 
shade, and the Treasurer has been authoriz d to forward $25 
to INIrs. Emlcy, with the request to do all she can to increase 
this sum, and secure the object so greatly desired. 

We have just heard of the burning of Chambersburg, and 
of the springing of the Yankee mine at Petersburg, with the 
subsequent repulse of the enemy. 

Wednesday, ScZ. — Last night being dark, and rainy, the 
sentinels appeared to be unusually vigilant; keeping up an in- 
cessant noise and calling ; and rendering continued sleep im- 
possible. Parties seemed to be challenged every five or ten 
minutes; and always in such loud tones, or with such an 
excited manner, as indicated apprehension or aha-m. At about 
1 o'clock this morning, I was startled from sleep, by the sound 
of a musket, succeeded by four or five additional shots, in 
rapid succession. A voice cried, " Turn out the guard ! Turn 
out the guard ! " 

"What number? What number?" was the reply. 

" Post number 86 — double quick ! " 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 497 

In an incredibly short space of time, it seemed as if every 
soldier on the island was running towards the scene of excite- 
ment. The sentinel under my window wished he had been 
the man who first fired. Others vindictively exclaimed, with 
oaths, " Shoot them ! shoot them ! " 

It was not long before the guard returned, announcing that 
a " Reb " had been shot, in trying to make his escape. 

This morning, it appears, that although several guns had 
been fired, nobody was hurt (?) But the body of a man was found, 
floating near the western shore, in the rear of "Fort Sumpter;" 
and a board, with pants and underclothes strapped on it. An 
oil-cloth life-preserver, and several canteens, belonging to the 
dead man, were caj)tured. 

Capt. Hamby, who made an attempt to get off, had the mis- 
fortune to be taken ; and is, now, said to be at the Fort, shut 
up in one of the cells. An opening has been discovered at 
■*' the rear," through which others may have escaped ; but 
nothing is yet definitely known. The roll was called, at an 
unusually early hour, and with special carefulness. We shall, 
probably, know the result before night. 

In the course of the afternoon, a Lieutenant — Morris K, 
Estes — was brought into " the pen," as a prisoner. He was 
captured by citizens, at the time of the late movement upon 
Chambersburg ; nineteen privates were taken with him ; all 
of whom are now prisoners on this island. He says he was 
surprised whilst separated from his associates, having dis- 
mounted to get a drink of water. He was surrounded sud- 
denly, his arms seized, and himself knocked down, and badly 
abused. In coming through Philadelphia the whole company 
were insulted by jeers, and cowardly words, and even sj^it 
upon, as they passed through the streets. Estes is from Nel- 
son county, Virginia, and was once a pupil of my kinsman. 
Rev. B. M. Walks. 

The meetings, to-day, were held as usual. The morning 
prayer-meeting was conducted by Capt. F. C. Robbins ; and 
Capt. Samford preached, at night. 
•32 



498 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OB 

Thursday, 4dli. — INIy health is somewhat better ; but I am 
still very weak, and my body much emaciated. I fear it will 
require much time before I shall be reinstated wholly. I long 
to be at work again. 

Major Reed, of Miss., conducted the morning meeting. 
This gentleman is one of the late converts. How pleasant to 
see so many of these officers coming boldly forward, in the 
work of the Lord. The usual remarks by members are now 
suspended. 

Saturday, 6th. — We had another visit from the Rev. Mr. 
Colton, who left some good books for the use of the prisoners. 
He seems to be a worthy man, desiring to be useful ; and was 
free to express himself in regard to the conduct of Capt. Ahl, 
who has so little interest in the comfort of his suffering charg<\ 
We hear, by the bye, that Mrs. Chaplain Way, notwithstanding 
her husband's position, not long since spoke, publicly, in terms 
of great disapprobation, concerning the Commissary, whom she 
denounces as a "mere boot-jack" for the Yankee authorities. 
The sympathy of this good lady is not to be wondered at, as 
she is of Southern birth, and has daily observation of the out- 
side doings at the Fort. Her brother, too, is in the Confed- 
erate army, and may, one day, have a berth on the Island. 

A hurried call was made upon the surgeons, who left " the 
pen" with baggage half packed ; but were soon returned with 
their watches and money, and the promise from Gen. Schoepf, 
that their canteens should be filled to-morrow. All letters, 
however, are said to have been taken from them. 

Capt, Carter preached an animated discourse to-night, from 
John iii. 14 : ''As Hoses lifted up the serpent, ^^ &c., and left his 
audience with a good impression. 

Sabbath, 7th. — The new arrangement of Bible classes was 
inaugurated this morning, under the direction of Lieut. South- 
gate. This is a great movement, and will result in good. 



DTJKESS BY FEDERAL ATJTHOEITY. 499 

Among the teachers are Gen. Vance, Major John D. Richardson, 
of Va., and Rev. (Capt.) Thos. W. Harris — just the men for 
such a work. 

Preached at 11 A. M. in 28, to a large and attentive 
audience, from Prov. xx. 27 : ^' The spirit of a man is the 
candle of the Lord, searching all the inmost parts of the belly." 
Was really too feeble to occupy the stand ; and oppressed by 
the heat, made a dragging effort. 

Capt. Griffin, an officer of INIorgan's command, died recently 
at the hospital — the first of that regiment who has died from 
sickness, during the war. He is represented to have been a 
very silent man, about fifty years of age, and was formerly a 
soldier in Florida, and in Mexico. It is said he once killed a 
man, who had made an attempt on his life, and that he was 
never comfortable after that event. 

We hear, that a sentinel at the barracks shot at one of the 
privates, to-day, and that great commotion ensued. Further 
particulars are not reported. 

The evening services were conducted, in 34, by Capt. Harris, 
and in 22, by Capt. Samford. 

T s is on a spree. My health improves slowly. 

Ilonday, ^th. — Much confusion during the night, in the 
adjoining barracks; guns firing constantly; one man killed, 
and another so badly wounded in the arm, that it had to be 
amputated. Escapes are constantly attempted. How many 
got off this time, or whether any succeeded, is not known 
among the officers. 

A great deal of " grape " to-day. Major Mulford is said 
to have written to me on the subject of exchange, and my 
name is used as authority for news. Had a letter from Col. 
Wm. Lee Davidson, now at Hilton Head, South Carolina, 
which may account for these strange stories. Every thing 
done or said by some of us is reiterated through " the pen," 
and exaggerations or additions are always current. 



500 UNITED STATES BONDS) OE 

Many of the prisoners are suffering from mal-practice, in 
the insertion of spurious virus, for vaccination. Gangrened 
arms are common, and many a poor fellow has been bereft of 
a valuable limb, professedly to avert the small-pox. A great 
government ought to have better surgeons. I am reminded 
of HeliogabaluS; the facetious Roman, who used to cut off 
men's noses under pretence of shaving their beards. 

We are again on short rations. No meat for several meals, 
and the supply of water nearly out. 

Many women visiting the Island to-day — a poor place for 
females, unless they come as angels of mercy! 

Lieut. Home conducted the morning meeting. Conversa- 
tions resumed. I have no note of services at night. 

Wednesday, 10th. — Gen. Schcepf came into "the pen," 
accompanied by Capt, Ahl and an unknown officer, supposed 
to be a visitor. Prior to his coming, an inspection had been 
announced, and a general cleaning up was required. ^Ye wore 
engaged in our usual noon-day services, when these officials came 
in. A Sergeant came to the door and ordered a dispersion of 
the congregation, until the inspection was over. The order 
was no sooner obeyed, than the General and suite came in. I 
was adjusting my bed for a loll, and hoped to see and talk a 
moment with the Commandant about my weak and suffering 
condition ; but it was a mere peep, and in a moment the posse 
were gone. 

An order was issued, to-day, disallowing any farther cor- 
respondence on the part of prisoners, with persons not related 
as parents, brother, sister, wife, or children. Effort has been 
made heretofore, to break up general correspondence by restric- 
ting the sale of postage stamps, the Sutler refusing to sell 
beyond a certain number daily in each division. This failing, 
we have the present order, which will make considerable con- 
fusion among us. In many instances the rule will work well, 
as hundreds of unnecessary letters have been written to parties 
in the North, soliciting aid or in foolish tampering and gossip. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 501 

There are now sixteen beer-stands in the officers' barracks. 
The beer is an article made from corn-meal, sweetened with 
molasses, and spiced with ginger, lemon, &c. After fermenta- 
tion, it is said to be a palatable and wholesome drink. Some 
of the salesmen are professors of religion, and one of them a 
teacher of the Word. I have felt it my duty to "touch not," 
and have steered niy way at as great a distance from these stands 
as possible. There may be no sin in partaking of this bever- 
age. I have certainly not seen any one affected to intoxication 
by it ; but I prefer not to have even the appearance of evil, 
and therefore my course. 

The novel and humiliating sight of fourteen of my country- 
men dragging a plow, has recently greeted my astonished eyes. 
I do not know Ihat these men were forced to such work by 
threats, or fear of punishment. Perhaps they were quite will- 
ing to take hold, for an extra ration, or for a few hours' exer- 
cise outside of the prison walls. But the whole thing is 
humiliating. Much of the labor which, under ordinary cir- 
cumstances, would be done by horses or oxen, is 23erformed by 
the " Rebs." The work done on this occasion was breaking 
up the soil for a garden, opposite my window. 

The usual religious services were conducted during the day, 
and at night; but I have forgotten the circumstances, as I 
write this som^e days subsequently. 

Thursday, 11th. — I don't know when I have ever before 
experienced such a day as this. The heat has been almost 
intolerable. In the morning I felt somewhat better than 
usual, and tried to stir about a little. The sun soon 
affected me injuriously, and I was obliged to retreat to my 
bunk, with a very severe headache. The whole day was spent 
in tossing restlessly to and fro. Hoping to get some relief, I 
stripped off, and got Capt. G. L. Roberts to give me a good 
rubbing. Capt. Shaw brought me a bucket of water, and 
Tibbetts came down to lend a helping hand, and bring me 



502 UKITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

some dinner. I took off my undershirt, and remained in my 
linen for the rest of the day. My thirst was intolerable; and 
although the two ice-houses were constantly in sight, and I 
had observation, in the earlier part of the day, of an abun- 
dance of the article, not a j)ouad was to be had, either for 
money or entreaty. As I lay with my head near the bars of 
my window, I ventured, in spite of the sentinel who stood 
near, to call a Sergeant, and asked him, if it were not possible 
to get me a tin cup of ice-water, for which I would willingly 
pay him. He seemed disposed to do it, and spoke to the 
Chaplains in my behalf. I now thought I should soon have 
the grateful draught; but it never came, and I was obliged to 
suffer on. In the course of the day I saw Chaplain Way pass 
on the opposite side of the road ; and in spite of the danger 
of insult from the sentinel at my window, I called liim. He 
crossed over, but seemed afraid to come too near; and heard 
what I had to say, at a distance of ten or twelve feet. I 
told him that Dr. Covert, an old family physician, had 
written to Gen. Schoepf, informing him of my very debilitated 
condition, and asking j)ermi«sion for my wife to send me a 
necessary stimulant; that Capt. Ahl and Lieut. "Wolff had 
al<o been addressed on the same subject, but that the matter 
had been treated Avith perfect indifference. He said that ray 
wife had written to him about it, and that he would do what 
he could. This is a very hard case. These men know ray 
suffering condition, and act as though they M-ere determined 
to kill me. Men are buying alcohol every day, and getting 
drunk ; liquor is sometimes smuggled in, or underlings are 
bribed to bring it ; but Avhen a ])Oor prisoner is sick, and ab- 
solutely needs the article, though known to be of the straitest 
sect on the subject of temperance, no spirit either of accommo- 
dation or humanity is manifested, and if he dies, it would 
seem to be a matter of no consequence. May God forgive the 
cruelty and wickedness of those in power ! 

The usual services were held at mid-day, and at night. 



DURESS BY FEDEEAL AtTTHORITY. 503 

Capt. Dye led the prayer-meeting. I regret that while the 
attendance is still large, there seems to be a want of spirit in 
the exercises. The prayers are too long, and often in a voice 
almost inaudible. There is also less disposition to take part 
in the usual conversation and conference. 

Capt. C occupied the stand at night, speaking from the 

words : ''There 7-emaincth a rest for the people of God." He 
is a very illiterate young luan, and has a poor voice; but 
appears to be 2:)ious, and anxitms to do good, t^ev eral persons 
responded to his invitali'^n to come to the front, for the 
prayers of Christians 

Friday, 12th. — Great excitement has prevailed all day, in 
consequence of a rumor, that six hundred officers are to embark, 
to-morrow, for Hilton Head, South Carolina. Gen. Schoepf 
came into "the pen" early this morning, attended by several 
assistants, and remained duri:ic: the callino; of the roll. 
This is the first time ho has ever been present (since I have 
been in the barracks) on such an occasion. Before he went 
out, he informed two officers that they would be exchangi d in 
a day or two, Avith many others. This statement, Avith s. ne 
conversations overheard among the sentinels, and an (;rder to 
a driver about his cart being needed to carry bread to the boat, 
seems to settle the matter. Indeed, Lieut. Andrews has as- 
sured me, that a Federal officer says the move will be made 
shortlv, if not to-morrow. What hope ! What buoyancy ! 
How anxious are the thousands here imprisoned, to get back 
once more to friends and home ! 

The mid-day meeting was conducted by Lieut. Wriglit. 
The prayers too long, and all the exercises dull, notwithstand- 
ing the good congiegation, and the evident interest in spiritual 
things. 

In anticipation of the clianges of to-morrow, it was con- 
cluded to omit the usual services, and to spend the time in ex- 
amining and receiving into the church, such persons as have 



504 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

been waiting to come forward, or may have recently found a 
hope in Christ. An impromptu notice was given ; and the 
examination proceeded, in presence of a full congregation. 
Six persons made application, viz: — Capts. John Angell and 
John S. Woodson, and Lieuts. Joseph B. Coffield, Thomas 
W. Mitchell, W. F. Wilcoxson, and J. S. Hu-hcs. Capt. 
Anffell is the son of a Methodist minister in St. Louis. 
Lieut. Hughes w-as once a member of the Reformed, or 
Campbellite body. Of the six, four were admitted to the 
ordinance of baptism, viz : — Angell, Coffield, Mitchell, and 
Woodson. Lieut. Morris, whoso baptism was omitted at our 
last communion, in consequence of an uncertainty as to whether 
he had ever been admitted to the ordinance, ha,ving since 
learned that he had not, came forward, and was also baptized — 
making fourteen adults whom I have baptized at Fort Dela- 
ware. I bless God for these precious results. Two or three 
of these persons were recent converts ; the others have been 
hoping for some time. It seemed that God gave me special 
strength for the services — which was the more remarkable, as 
I have been on my bunk nearly all the week. I made the 
new members a little address, they and the church all standing. 
After the benediction, many came forward, and gave them the 
righf; hand of fellowship. Captains Samford, Harris, and 
Thomas sat with me as a committee of examination. The 
questions were proposed by myself, they unanimously ajjprov- 
ing, and voting for the reception of all the applicants. This 
service was very impressive: and will, no doubt, be long re- 
membered by many. Lieut. Morris was deeply affected dur- 
ing the administration of the ordinance of baptism, in his own 
case. 

Saturday, IZth. — A day of great excitement. At an early 
hour the Sergeant came in, and announced that the names of 
such persons as were to be sent otfw^ould soon be called, in the 
yard. All hands were up in a trice; and soon Gen. Schoepf, 



DTJEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 505 

Capt. Ahl, and sundry clerks, with sergeants and guards, 
made their appearance. Orders were given to stand on the 
left of the long walk, running through the middle of the 
open area. Calls were made first for field officers ; and then 
for captains and lieutenants, running down the rolls in an irregu- 
lar manner, into the M's, and taking a few scattering names far- 
ther on in the alphabet. Upon what principle the elections were 
made, it is impossible to tell. Many were made glad ; many 
were disappointed. One man said it made him think of the 
Day of Judgment. It was certainly very solemn, to see the 
crowds separating, some to the right, and others remaining on 
the left. Circumstances indicated the deep feeling, either of 
joy or regret, experienced by the mass. 

It is the prevailing opinion that this movement is the in- 
auguration of a general exchange, and the general feeling is 
that of buoyancy. We have a rumor that 2000 men have 
been selected, for exchange, from the privates' barracks ; but 
can learn nothing definitely. 

Old Parson Thomas had a dream about two weeks ag-o, in 
which he thought he saw the ghost of Stonewall Jackson, who 
inquired : 

"How are things getting along at Fort Delaware?" 

" Pretty hard," said Thomas. 

" Try to do the best you can," replied the ghost ; " there 
will be the commencement of a general exchange on the 13th 
of August; and on the 3d of September, peace will be de- 
clared." 

The old gentleman tolU his dream, more than ten duys ago ; 
and some have been watching, with anxiety, for its fulfilment. 
Sure enough, the exchange commences to-day — or at least 
such is the presumption. How will it be, I wonder, on the 
3d of September ? 

The carts have been busy, all day, drawing large quantities 
of elegant ice from the wharf. As the loads are emptied 
down, the fragments are scattered abundantly ; and laborers. 



506 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

soldiers, and passers-by help themselves at will. I have tried 
to buy some ; but the sentinel is afraid to let it come in. How 
tantalizing! The smallest lump \vould be a comfort — a 
luxury. All that I could do was to look and wi-h — though 
the article was wasted within a few rods of my window. 
Such is the life of a prisoner! The heat continues, and is 
oppressive beyond measure. I have no means of ascertaining 
the state of the thermometer. 

The rations, to-day, have been unusually abundant, and of 
good quality. The bread was unmixed with mc^il; good pota- 
toes were served ; and the meat was about double weight. I 
presume the object is to make some good impression, if j^os- 
sible, at the last. 

In consequence of the confusion, the noon-day prayer- meet- 
ing was suspended. Capt. Samford preached at night; but 
being called ujion unexpectedly, he was wholly unprepared, 
and preached with much labor, and little interest to the con- 
gregation. He said some good things, however, but in a very 
scattering way, from ii. Cor. xiii. 5 : "Examine yourselves, 
prove your own selves," d'C 

Sabbath, lAth. — I have felt too unwell to take any special 
part in the Sabbath services. The effort of this day week 
prostrated me so much, that I have determined to try and re- 
cover my strength, before engaging again in any considerable 
labor. If I could be allowed the use of a little wine or 
porter, I believe I would soon get well. Gen. Schocpf, Capt. 
Ahl, and Lieut. Wolff have all been approached on the su!)- 
ject; but I am still cruelly denied, and left to g( t well t'le 
best way I can. I have been buying milk at a Iiigli price, 
and substituting it for the stimulants recommended by tlij 
surgeons. Though generally sour, I think it is doing jne 
some good. 

Carts liave been engaged all d .y hauling elegant Boston 
ice, wdiich has afforded comfort to hundreds on the Islan 1, but 



DUKESS BY FEDERAL ATJTHOEITY. 507 

Jot to me, though almost famishing, and greatly oppressed by 
the heat. 

No move as yet. Everybody is di 'appointed. The sus- 
pense is intolerable. Two transports have been lying near the 
Island ; but there is no order to march. N.o one can divine 
the cause of the delay. Were the Sabbath usually honored 
by our oppressors, we might suppose they were observing it 
now. But it is not so. There is a trembling lest some new 
order has been issued and all our good hopes are to be 
blasted. Capt. Samford preached in division 30, at half-past 
ten o'clock, and Parson Thomas in 34. Capt. Harris made 
some good remarks at night, suggested by the prospect of a 
speedy separation. They were well received. 

Monday and Tuesday, 16th and IQth. — The suspense of 
these two days has been almost insupportable. Everything 
has been in readiness for the removal of 600 prisoners — the 
names having been twice called, and the rolls fully arranged ; 
but no order comes for the start. All sorts of rumors pre- 
vail as to the probable cause of the detention ; but all is 
conjecture, and we remain in the dark. Some think the 
movements of the Tallahassee are dreaded by the Yankees ; 
and that with so many prisoners, and with so successful an 
enemy near by, they are afraid to put out to sea. Others say 
that there is a difficulty about getting a sufncicnt number of 
reliable men to guard the prisoners ; and others again, that 
the authorities at Washington are waiting to see whether the 
six hundred Yankee prisoners sent to Charleston by the Rich- 
mond General, will actually be placed under fire. 

I have been holuii:ig a sort of Icvec for several days, so 
many persons having been calling to see me, in anticipation 
of their expected exodus from the Forf. Many of these are 
persons with whom I have, heretofore, had little or no ac- 
quaintance ; and in some instances I have regretted, exceed- 
ingly, that so little has been known of them before. 



508 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

The mail, this evening, brought mo quite a budget of ' 
letters. The first one I opened was a note from my friend, ' 
Dr. Covert, written on the Truce boat, in the James River. ^ 
He announces the pleasant intelligence that Mr. Culbertson, 
the person for whom it is proposed that I be exchanged, was ' 
then on the boat, with orders from Kichraond to effect the \ 
exchange. A postscript is added by ]Mr. C himself, two days 
afterwards, on his arrival at Annapolis, in which he says : " I i 
will try and have the exchange effected immediately," and ex- 
presses sympathy, he having also been a prisoner fur thirteen 
months. 

I have been considerably at a loss to understand how it is 
that Mr. Culbertson should have left Richmond, before the 
arrival of the letters applying for the exchange with hihi'self. 
Of course there must have been some prior negotiations in re- 
gard to the matter ; cr a simultaneous fe-lhig must have ex- 
isted in relation to the parties proposed to be exchanged. 

Capt. Carter jsreached from Lukexix. 10: "For the Son of 
man is come to sceh and to save that tch ich was lost." Five persons 
came up to bo prayed for. Feeling better than usual, I left 
my bunk and made a short address to the congregation, espe- 
cially to the inquirers. Profound attention prevailed. After 
the effort, ray throat felt rough and sore. 

Wednesday, 17th. — Occupied the whole morning in packing 
up my books and clothing, to be ready at a moment's notice, 
for my departure from Fort Delaware. Although assisted by 
Capts. Shane, and Tibbetts, was much fatigued and had to full 
back upon my i^allet. Was the more overcome, from con- 
tinued conversations with visiting friends, and in writing 
scraps and autographs for many who desired mo to give them 
some memorial of our association, as prisoners at this place. 
Wrote a letter to Gen. Scha?pf, and addressed it to Capt. 
Ahl, A. A. G., asking permission, in anticipation of my ex- 
change, to have an interview with my wife, in order to make 



DTJEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 509 

Certain necessary arrangements for collecting the children, and 

leaving together. The Provost-Marshal (Hawkins) being in 

sight of my window, I ventured to hail him, and inquired 

(stating what I had in view) whether he would take my letter 

to Gen. Schcepf. He declined receiving it, on account of the 

irregularity ; but called a sergeant, and ordered him to take 

i charge of it. The letter had scarcely reached Wolff's office 

I (where I was not aware it was necessary to be sent), before 

ij that "stuck-up" little man came rushing to my window, and 

ij roughly threw the letter at me, inquiring whether I had not 

been Ions: enoug^h on the island, to know how to send a note 

to the General. I told him I thought I was doing just what 

] was required, by directing the letter to Capt. Ahl. He was 

I unwilling to hear any explanation, refused to tarry a moment 

Ij for inquiry, and hastened off in a pet. 

As prisoners, our natural protector and guardian is the 
j General commanding. It matters not, however, how great 
may be our grievance ; there can be no access, by letter, to that 
officer, save through the hands of subordinates, who, it would 
seem, are allowed to open every communication, and to send 
up, or throw aside, as they choose. If the matter proposed 
seems to the underlings to be undesirable; if they are to be 
subjected to more work thereby ; if it is a complaint concerning 
their own conduct ; or if the individual is a person obnoxious 
to any of these men, from the sergeant up, then, there is no 
redress. Communications, of great interest to individuals, and 
to companies of officers, have frequently been addressed to Gen. 
Schcepf, which he has never seen. What makes the matter 
worse, is the fact, that no harmony exists among the officials 
themselves. Wolff and Ahl are jealous of every movement 
made by each other ; and both of them being narrow-minded 
men, many a poor prisoner is made to suffer by their quarrels. 
The trouble M'ith Wolff, to-day — so far as I could understand 
it — was that Hawkins had given me permission to send the 
letter directly to Capt. Ahl, rather than let it lie a whole day 



510 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

in the box, before being submitted to his inspection and 
decision, as to whether it shoukl go ai;y farther. This is the 
second time this man has offered me indignity. Perhaps, lie 
was in liquor — I know he loves it; and when sober, it is 
only because he cannot get the article, or would lose his place, 
as he once did, by his irregularities. 

Great inconvenience is experienced by the operation of the 
ordcT, forbidding correspondence with any but parents, 
brothers, sisters, or children. Hundreds of letters requiring 
acknowledgment, must now remain unanswered. Friends 
who have forwarded food and raiment, must now remain in 
ignorance of the reception of the articles ; and many difficulties, 
which could easily have been adjusted by the permit to send 
a single letter in reply, might have been obviated. It is easy 
enough, it is true, to get letters out by paying the sergeant; 
but there is something so unpleasant about this, that few per- 
sons like to do it, except in extraordinary circumstances. 

About two weeks ago Capt. Shane wrote to Gen. Schoepf, 
asking him to allow the exchange of fifty dollars worth of 
sutler's checks, with a view to sending the money to Phila- 
delphia — twenty-five dollars being intended as a payment on 
the ex2)ectGd awning, and tivenfyfive^ to pay for a pair of gold 
spectacles ordered for myself, by sundry friends. The request 
was granted, and the checks paid over to Wolif, with the 
understanding that the General would forward the money, 
immediately. Mrs. Eraley has three times announced that 
the money is not forthcoming. Here is another instance, if 
not of fraud, at least of the improper delay in sending off 
funds, when onee in the hands of our officials. What indis- 
position, to siy the least, to do anything for the comfort or 
accommodation of prisoners in distress. 

An order has been posted in the name of the General, 
signed by Capt. Ahl, refusing to issue any more orders on the 

IThe cost, as afterwards reported by Mrs. Emley, was 830. Inscribed on 
one siclo witli the author's name; and on tlie other, "Presented by Confed- 
erate offlocrs at Fort Delaware, July, ISGi." Gratefully appreciated— and 
Which have been in constant use lor nearly ten years. 



DUEESS BY FEDEKAL AUTHORITY. 511 

Sutler, until all the checks, now on hand in the barracks, have 
been redeemed ; and " gamblers and speculators " are informed, 
that they will be allowed to draw no checks, except to the 
amount set down to their own names. 

Lieut. McFarland conducted the morning meeting. Capt. 

D gave us an interesting personal narration ; and the 

meeting was more spirited than for some days past. 

Capt. Samford occnpicd the stand, at night, preaching from 
I. Cor. XV. 34 : "Awake to righteousness, and sin notj' Capt. 
Harris, who closed the meeting, forgot to pray for five persons 
who came up ; and the services were brought to a close, with- 
out even a word for their instruction, or encouragement. 

Capt. Tracy brought me $2,000,^ this afternoon, tlie gift 
of forty officers of his division, belonging to Morgan's com- 
mand. This kind donation was accompanied by the follow- 
ing note : 

U. S. Military Prison, ) 
Fort Delaware, Del., Aug. nth, 18G4. j 

Dear Sir — Please receive the within amount, as a testi- 
monial of the esteem of the officers whose names are enclosed, 
and their appreciation of your devoted efforts to do good 
among us during your, and our imprisonment, at this place. 

Hoping for your speedy release, and that your efforts 
among our countrymen of the South may be blessed with the 
success which has marked them so recently among us, we 
remain, truly and gratefully, your friends. 

B. A. Tracy, and others. 

Rev. I. "W. K. Handy, Prisoner in Fort Delaware. 

Capt. Wm. R. White, of Arkansas, brought me another 
donation, from friends in the different "shebangs; " and Capt. 
Tracy added §200, from persons who preferred not to give their 
names. The whole amount thus contributed is $2,867.75. 
This is an unexpected movement, which I gratefully appre- 
ciate, as well for the good feeling expressed, as for the material 
aid afforded. May God reward all these friends, with abund- 
ant spiritual b.lfssings, in Christ Jesus ! 

1 Confederate money. 



512 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Thursday, \?>tli. — We are all still in a state of suspense. 
No hint is given as to the cause of this delay. I received a 
letter, this afternoon, from Dr. H. M. Gamble — one of the 
surgeons who recently left us — in which he says, " You may 
inform the officers, that the day is not far distant when, in all 
probability, their exchange will be effected." This suggests, 
that the 600 officers may be detained, in consequence of nego- 
tiations in progress in relation to a general exchange. Dr. 
Gamble informs me, that, after a conversation with Major 
Mulford, he has reason to believe my release will soon be 
effected, upon other grounds than those proposed in the ex- 
change with Mr. Culbertson. Possibly, I may be sent off in 
the general exchange. 

Capt. AVhite has handed me an additional contribution from 
the officers — making the full amount of their donation 
$4,075. How greatly am I indebted to the many friends who 
have so kindly remembered me, in the time of need. I am 
under special obligations to Capt. Tracy and Capt. White, 
who initiated this enterprise and have personally carried it 
through. Capt. White tells me that $15,000, or even $50,000 
could just as readily have been obtained as the $4,000, had the 
officers been in possession of the funds. 

In consequence of the suspense, and restlessness so generally 
prevailing, the noon-day meeting was omitted. Parson 
Thomas addressed us to-night, from his favorite passage: "He 
that beUcvdh and is baptized shall be saved; he that believeth not 
shall be damned." He said some good things, in a sort of 
rambling way; and before closing, introduced his j)eculiar 
views on the subject of immersion ; but carefully avoided any 
words, or manner calculated to give offence. 

A large lot of boxes has accumulated at New Castle, in 
consequence, it is said, of the Osceola being in use for bringing 
water. The result will be the loss of large quantities of pro- 
visions, and the suffering of many who were in expectation 
of comforts from their friends. But ihis is not uncommon, 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 513 

even in ordinary times. Boxes are constantly being opened, 
filled with spoiled meats, vegetables, or other articles of food. 
A few days ago, a box forwarded to Lieut. Ewing, by Miss 

C D , of Delaware, was opened perfectly useless; 

and yet the distance of transportation was only about six 
miles. There is an utter disregard of results on this subject — 
no responsibility being felt about speedy delivery. Some- 
times, boxes lie for days, on the wharf, or in the warehouse, 
before the owner comes into possession. This is the more 
unpardonable, as there can be no want of help — our own 
men being detailed, by scores, to do any needed work. 

Capt. John H. Hamby — who recently attempted an 
escape — was this morning returned to the barracks, after a 
confinement of seventeen days in the guard-house. The 
poor fellow was denied a change of clothing, throughout tlie 
whole of this time; and, as a natural consequence, he was 
literally covered with vermin. He reports, that there is a 
young man there, named W. F. Lee, who has been impris^- 
oned fifty-eight days, on a charge of desertion from the U. S*. 
army, and who has been kept constantly at hard labor ; and, 
in three several instances, subjected to th,e thumb-screw, to 
bring him to confession. He is son of W. H. Lee, of Lake 
City, Florida, and belongs to Company F., 2d Florida cavalry. 

My daughter Y 's birthday. 

Friday, l^ili. — The suspense still prevails; and many are 
beginning to fear, that the chances for a sight of " Dixie," 
within any reasonable time, are slim, indeed. No reason is 
assigned for delay; but it is evident, that some serious ob- 
stacle is intervening, or that some important movement is 
now occupying the attention of the Government. Rumor says, 
that Gen. Schoepf and Capt. Ahl have, both, been to Wash- 
ington, and that the Commissary returned last night. 

A stranger conducted the morning meeting. I tried to 
improve the hour by some remarks on the subject of Duty — 
33 



514 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

especially in reply to the question : " How (in any jiarticular 
emergency) shall an honest inquirer decide as to what God 
would have him to do? " At night, we had a prayer-meeting, 
conducted by Capt. Frank C. Bobbins. 

Saturday, 10th. — It was reported, that " the Six Hundred " 
would certainly leave to-day. All were on the qui vive. 
Presently, a sergeant announced, that at 12 o'clock the move 
would be made. 

Some important business being on hand, a meeting of the 
Association was attempted at 10 o'clock. It was, also, pur- 
posed to give the retiring members an opportunity of attend- 
ing, for the last time. Feeling somewhat better than usual, I 
read a chapter, and announced a hymn, which was sung with 
spirit. . I had scarcely commenced the prayer, before a " call " 
was made, which threw eyerything into confusion — and after 
hurriedly arranging some necessary matters, the meeting was 
dismissed. An hour or more elapsed, after all, before the 
Commissary came in. The roll was called, and every man 
took his place in the ranks, according to the number assigned 
him about a week ago.^ Much misunderstanding arose about 
the baggage. First, there seemed to be an order to take it 
into the ranks, and then to lay it down a few yards in front. 
Having repeatedly gone through the operation of being laid 
down and taken up, it was finally conveyed to the boat, in carts. 
After long delay — all being ready — the guards took their 
places, and the command was given to march through the 
sally-port, to the west end of the "bull-pen." Before this, 
there had been numberless hand-shakings, and many sorrowful 
adieus. All were delighted with the j)rospect of "home 
again ;" but there was not a heart there, that did not swell 
with emotion, in the prospect of immediate, and jjerhaps final 
separation, from friends and fellow-sufferers in that damp and 
murky " pen." 

1 Foi" list of names, see Appendix N 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 515 

As the noble fellows marched out, I stood at the opening 
of the sally-port, as near by as the guards would allow, and 
until the very last man disappeared from .the enclosure. 
" Good-bye ! Good-bye ! " was uttered, time and again, as 
the files moved on ; and I could do nothing but return farewells, 
as some one or more in every rank would wave the parting 
salutation. 

Many good friends left to-day. A number of them were 
zealous Christians ; several of them young converts ; most of 
them respecters of religion ; and a majority, I think, men of 
unusually good morals. I felt sad, and more than once were 
my eyes in danger of betraying the deep welling within. 
Prayers went up to Heaven for the safety and happiness of the 
brave fellows, and we shall hope to hear soon of their arrival 
among friends at the South. 

Among the officers removed, there were five Captains bear- 
ing the name of Carter; and as many Captains Johnson. 
There were several also, of the name of Lewis, and many 
other surnames were duplicated. A number of wounded men 
were fortunate in the exchange, but some of the greatest suf- 
ferers are still here — and among them is Major Turner, who is 
a miserable cripple. Several officers purchased their exchange. 
One — Lieut. Mastin, of Alabama — gave a gold watch, which 
cost three hundred dollars in coin before the war. Two other 
gentlemen gave watches of less value. In some instances, 
exchanges were made between the men themselves. One man 
— Lieut. Milam — lost his opportunity, by being at hospital 
when his name was first called ; although he appeared at the 
last calling of the roll, he was not allowed to go — another 
person having been substituted. Some very strange and cor- 
rupt things will yet come to light, in regard to this exchange. 

I received two letters this evening from my wife, one of 
them having been fourteen days in coming the distance of six 
miles. I cannot account for this delay, unless the letter was 
intentionally suppressed. = I think this is the more probable, 



516 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

as it was one of the most important letters I have received 
from my wife, and related to matters pertaining to my ex- 
change. 

The noon-day services were omitted. Prayer- meeting at 
night. 

Sabbath, 21st. — We were much astonished, this morning, 
by the return of all the officers lately quartered inside of the 
Fort, with the exception, of course, of those w^ho have gone 
South. Among the unfortunates — for so they consider them- 
selves, both on account of their non-exchange, and their return 
to the barracks — are Cols. Hardeman and Harrell, Maj. Bul- 
lock, and Capt. C Morgan. The only information these gen- 
tlemen have on the subject is, that an order from the Secretary 
of War made it imperative. 

Capt. Samford preached a good sermon, in the morning, 
from the text, " Whatsoever thy hands find to do, do it with thy 
might,'' &c. At night I made an address to a full house, from 
the words, "Except a man be born again," &c. Profound 
attention and an exceedingly deep feeling. One person sought 
the prayers of the congregation. After the services, Lieut. 

A. J. W n, of the Navy, sought an interview. We sat 

down on a bench in the yard, and had a long talk. He is 
deeply serious. I endeavored to show him the way, and lefc 
him encouraged and hopeful. This officer is a native of Ac- 
comac county, Va., has spent most of his life at sea, and has 
sailed on the Columbia. He is quite an interesting person, 
and I feel anxious about him. 

An inquiry meeting, appointed for four o'clock, was nume- 
rously attended. I found several persons anxious about the 
welfare of their souls. Talked with as many of them as I 
could ; and invited them, after a little addresS; to visit me at 
any time to-morrow. 

The Sutler I^'^s been open all day. Crowds have been 
around his windo^7 j and I regret to say, several professors of 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 517 

religion were among his customers. This comes of an order 
to close on Monday — it having been announced that no more 
goods are to be furnished, hereafter, in this way, to officers. 

Monday, 22c?. — Early this morning, an order came for all 
divisions below 30 — seven in number — to be vacated ; and 
every man was required to find a place elsewhere as he could. 
I succeeded in getting into my old " shebang," No. 23, by 
routing ray friend Tibbetts, who very kindly gave me his 
bunk, and arranged my bedding. I am particularly indebted to 
Shane, McKemy, and Hall for moving me up and relieving 
me of much fatigue. 

A " box call " was made at the usual hour. Expecting 
packages from several sources, I was obliged to wait until 
almost the very last man, before getting a box from my dear 
old friend McCown, of Kentucky. The list of names was unu- 
sually long — boxes having been accumulating for more than a 
week, in consequence of the Osceola being used for towing the 
water-boat. The box for myself contained books, tea, sugar, 
and tobacco. After opening it, I spent some hours in distri- 
buting most of these articles among friends. The books were 
intended for the young men looking to the ministry, and were 
marked, " The Alexander McCown Library, of the Officers' 
Barracks," in memory of our late fellow-prisoner. Dr. 
McKown. How deeply do I feel for this excellent brother in 
his sad affliction ! 

Among the political prisoners who came in from the Fort 
yesterday, I find Dr. Edward Worrell, of Delaware City ; 
Dr. Wm. Cross, E. L. Bentley, Charles F. Fadeley, George 
W. Ryan, Wm. S. Pickett, John L. Rinker, and Thomas W. 
Edwards — all of Leesburg, and held as hostages for citizens 
captiired by Moseby. 

It has been more than a week since the arrival of Mr. Cul- 
bertson at Annapolis ; and yet I have not had a word from 
Washington, in regard to the exchange. This evening. Gen. 



518 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

Schoepf sent me a letter from Col. Purnell, acknowledging the 
receipt of one by myself to him, in which he stated that he 
had ai:)plied to Gen. Hitclicock for a parole, that I might go 
in person to Richmond to eflPect the exchange; and that he 
would arrange it, to allow me to take certain books and papers 
with me to the South. 

The changes of to-day have broken uj) our evening 
meeting. 

I have my pockets full of important letters, concerning 
Bibles, clothing, the awning, private matters, &c., &c. — all 
of which must remain unanswered, in consequence of the 
recent order of interdiction. Mr, J. P. E,hoads, Agent of the 
Pennsylvania Bible Society, writes that he has been sending 
us Bibles, at intervals, for some weeks, in reply to letters from 
various persons, from whom he can get no acknowledgment. 
He also states, that he lias applied to Gen. Schoepf for a pass 
to visit us, to see what is wanting in this way, but was re- 
fused. Messrs. Way and Paddock, I understand, have re- 
ceived some of these boxes, but for some reason, they do not 
send them into the barracks. As these gentlemen seldom 
come into " the J^en," they have no idea of what is needed. 

I am informed by Mrs. Harman Browm, of Baltimore, that 
she has sent $100 to Mrs. Emley, as a donation towards the 
awning. We, also, have information of a large sail, now on 
the Island, presented by some friend of the South, in New 
York city, and that another benevolent friend has proposed to 
furnish timber enough for its erection. Everybody seems to 
be delighted with the prospect of a pleasant sliade for the rest 
of the season ; and we all feel ourselves under lasting* oblijja- 
tious to those who have remembered us in the day of trial ; 
but what a pity we could not have had it a month or two ago, 
as we have been holding our meetings under great embarrass- 
ment — not one-fourth part of those desiring to attend ser- 
vices, being able, ordinarily, to get under cover. If Ave can 
put up this sail — which measures 40 by 80 feet — with a" 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 519 

suitable relationship to the division fence, it will accommodate 
a congregation of some two or three hundred, with a pretty 
good shade for the most of them. 

I write this at a table in 23, while others are reading by 
my light, and a number of young men are singing, whistling, 
or otherwise amusing themselves at the other end of the room 
— a wide contrast from 34, where we had religious services 
every night, and the strictest order prevailed, throughout the 
day. Our breaking up was, indeed, a trial ; Ave were a happy 
company, so far as concord, morals, and social intercourse were 
concerned. 

Tuesday, 23cZ. — Had a restless and disagreeable night. 
SufiPered intolerably from the attacks of bedbugs. Slept un- 
soundly at intervals, and dreamed of trying to make my 
escape in the midst of dangers. Had a dreadful nightmare 
also; but got up early, prepared for an interview with the 
General, according to a citation given last night by the sergeant 
who brought me the letter from Col. Purnell. 

Spent an hour or^two at the gate, waiting the opening of a 
box from Mrs. Emley, which contained packages for destitute 
persons, whose names had been forwarded by the Christian 
Association. This good woman has done more for prisoners 
here, than they will ever be able to repay. May she have the 
reward of those who shall hear the Divine approval : " Inas- 
much as ye diJ it unto these, ye did it unto me." 

Had the pleasure of receiving two large lots of Bibles — 
one from Mrs. Emley, and the other from the Bible Society in 
New York. The demand for the Word is so great, that it 
seems almost impossible to meet the calls. Of the thirteen 
hundred officers recently brought to the barracks, very few 
are in possession of the entire Scriptures ; whilst a majority, 
perhaps, may be supplied with the New Testament. A great 
desire is manifested to read the Old Testament; and it is 
common to find officers sitting around, closely engaged in the 



520 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

t^tudy of God's Word. This morning, I fjund three persons, 
near my bunk, engaged in this good work, even before I got up. 

After the "box call," a sergeant came in with a message 
from Gen. Schcepf, that I should repair to his office. This is 
the first time for three months, that I have been outside of the 
barracks, except once to the hospital, and in two other in- 
stances a few steps from the gate. I was hoping to hear 
something about my exchange ; but I found that no order had 
come, nor had the General any information additional to that 
in my own possession. He wanted me to write a letter, at 
his table, to Mrs. Emley, explaining that the money for the 
awning and spectacles, which should have been sent two weeks 
ago, had been detained in consequence of some failure in 
the regular trips of the express boat. 

Asked the General, in view of my expected exchange, and 
the known willingness of both Governments that it might be 
effected, whether I might not be allowed an interview with 
my wli'c, with a view to some necessary arrangements before 
leaving. Tie assured me of his willingness to do what he 
could ; but declined assuming any responsibility at present, as 
great complaints had been made at Washington, of his ex- 
treme leniency to the prisoners. He, also, very kindly volun- 
teered to give me prompt information of the expected order 
for my removal, and to have a boat ia readiness, to send me 
over to Delaware City without delay. 

The General promised to send the awning in to-day, and 
have it put up without expense to the jirisoners or their 
friends. It did not come in, however, and we are still with- 
out a place of meeting, which has debarred us services alto- 
gether, for this day. 

I dread the bed, to-night, on account of the miserable bugs. 

No mail this evening, in consequence of the absence of the 
Postmaster — several thousand persons, in the two barracks, 
being thus 'disappoinfe I or annoyed, in consequence of the 
failure of one man to be at his post. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 521 

Gen. Vance informs me that a terrible fracas occurred at 
the Fort on last Sabbath, involving nearly all the officers there. 

Col. J. A. B , of North Carolina, who has been at the Fort, 

having manifested a disposition to take the oath, was assigned 
to separate quarters, as is usual in such cases. He had ex- 
pressed hiinself in terms of disparagement about the Confed- 
eracy — saying that it was "whipped out," "was going up," 
and that the money was of no value — he having paid two 
thousand dollars for a dinner at llichmond. Letters were also 
discovered, showing his intent. Notwithstanding this, Maj. 

B h continued to be friendly with him, defending him, and 

threatening any who spoke against him. Maj. M g drew 

his coat, and was ready for a fight. B apologized, so far as 

M was concerned, but gave no satisfaction to the others. 

The feeling against both is intense, and they will be reported 
at Richmond by the returning officers, now perhaps at Hilton 
Head. 

Maj. Elliott returned to the barracks this evening, looking 
considerably the worse for his absence. He was in close con- 
finement for six weeks. His health failing him, Maj. 

was put in his place, and he sent to the hospital. He had but 
lately recovered sufficiently to return to these quarters. 

Wednesday, 2ith. — I still wait in hope — wondering at the 
delay in regard to my exchange. I must try and be patient ; 
but every hour seems almost a day. Had another uncomfort- 
able night, and dreamed of being bitten by a serpent. 

After breakfast, an order came for all hands to pack up, and 
be ready to leave the barracks. We were not informed where 
we were going, or the object of the change. We were notified 
to take with us such goods and chattels as we wished to retain, 
as everything left in the divisions would be confiscated. We 
were all soon at work, compressing the " plunder " into as small 
a compass as possible. My effects were contained in a valise, 
carpet-bag, and small box — my bedding making the fourth 



522 • UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

separate package. Sundry young men kindly offered to help 
me, and I had nothing to do but to shoulder my rou£';h bed — 
which, by the way, was a heavy job in my present Aveak state. 

About ten o'clock, instead of going outside of the usual 
bounds, we were ordered to retreat through the sally-port into 
a pen at " the rear," where we were huddled together — seven 
hundred of us — with all sorts of baggage and storage, in a 
compass too small to admit of any passing to and fro, except by 
squeezing, and climbing over the trumpery with the greatest 
difficulty. The sun was hot, many stumbled under their loads, 
the perspiration rolled off the faces of scores, some suffered 
with headache and applied wet cloths to the tops of the ir heads, 
and all were severely tried by the jamming and mid-day heat. 
I was fortunate enough to get a narrow seat, under the partial 
shade of a back fence. I sat, waiting anxiously, and brooding 
over the horrors of my condition, until presently my name was 
called by the Sergeant; I was hasty to respond, satisfied that 
the hour of my release had come. At the sally-port I met 
AVolff, who said he wanted me to show the carpenter wlicre to 
put the awning, and to give other necessary directions. I was 
glad to hear of the awning, but great was my disappointment, 
that nothing more was wanted. After showing the men where 
to erect the sail, I retreated to a favorable si: r-.de, and remained 
until the call was made for the return of the officers, who were 
exposed continuously for five hours (from ten until three), to 
the burning rays of an August sun. 

The object of all this upsetment was, to clean out the bar- 
racks. Not less than five or six hundred boxes, large and 
small, were thrown out, and a vast amount of rubbish, such as 
straw, rags, tin cans, bottles, &c., &c. — all greatly to the ad- 
vantage of the prisoners, no doubt, and to which nobody would 
have objected, if we had been allowed to remain under the 
shade in " the pen." Huddled up as we were, in the narrow 
passway at "the rear," the suflfcring Avas great, and the cruelty 
of those who forced it, altogether inexcusable. 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY, 523 

Dr. Worrell was suddenly ordered to roll up his blankets, 
and leave with the Sergeant. He went out just before supper 
— whether to be released, or put in closer confinement, no one 
can divine.-^ 

No services again to-day — the confusion being too great 
to admit of any movement of the kind. 

Lieut. A. J. W n came in to tell me he had found the 

Saviour. He says his first convictions were from the sermon 
I preached some weeks ago, in 29, from the text, "My grace 
is sufficient for thee." He tells me that he is thankful to God, 
that he ever came to Fort Delaware, and that under God, he 
owes his conversion entirely to my labors. What encourage- 
ment to continue to preach ! To Thy name, O God, be all the 
glory ! 

The Sixth Massachusetts Eegiment (one hundred days 
men) arrived to-day, taking the place of the Ohio troops, 
which have left. They seem to be a better class of men than 
their predecessors. Many of them are mere boys, who have 
lately been recruited. Others of them are veterans of Balti- 
more notoriety They appear to be anxious to talk to the 
prisoners ; and condemn the murder of Col. Jones, of which 
they had heard, before their arrival. One of them expressed 
great sympathy for me to-day, as he noticed me in the sun, 
and out of health. So I am informed. 

Thursday, 25th. — Notes and letters are continually being 
thrown from the adjoining barracks, giving information of 
hardships and bad treatment among the prisoners. Some one 

1 Dr. Worrell was arrested at Delaware City, July 12th, 1S64, and taken to 
Fort Delaware, without a change of clothing, or permission to see his family. 
On his arrival at tlie Fort, lie was put in solitary confinement for more than a 
week ; when, his health failing, he was removed to the ofBcers' barracks. Re- 
maining, until the last of August, lie was allowed to have a short interview 
with his wife, and was, then, removed to the Carroll prison, in Washington. 
On the 9th of (September, he w;is brought before a Commission, presided over 
by Gen. Doubleday, and charged with assisting Lieut. Fredericks to escape 
from Fort Delaware. Without the slightest evidence of the fact, he was con- 
demned to an imprisonment of one year, at Fort Delaware, or such other 
prison as the Secretary of War should select. He was finally released from 
imprisoument, by order of President Lincoln, after serving a term of five 
months, at Clinton, in the Adirondack Mountains, N. Y., and returned to his 
family. Marph 22d. 1865. 



524 UNITED STATES BONDS) OR 

signing himself "A Gettysburg prisoner," writes under date 
of August 23d : 

"Are you aware of the treatment we receive ? It is useless 
to mention what has been perpetrated in months back — let 
the doings of the past week suffice. We have not only been 
robbed of our money, clothes, and eatables ; but of that also 
which the Government allows. Yesterday we were shoved 
out; robbed of our clothes, and blankets, and even of the boxes 
received on the same day, and the day before fiora our friends. 
The person who conducted this was Lieut. Campbell, of Mis- 
sissippi, a 'galvanized' man in tlie employ of the Yankees. 
We ai'e not even allowed a knife, or spoon, because one of our 
officers got drunk, and threatened that he could take the Fort 
with knives. We simply wish to know, whether you officers 
will be just enough, should we again meet them on the field 
of battle, to avenge our wrongs. Have you not seen enough, 
to deal with them as they deserve? Will you restrict us? 
Just think ! Some mornings we only get three crackers ; no 
meat ; and even when a few delicacies are sent to us from home, 
they ]Mlfer, and take them from us. We are not allowed to 
have any more coffee or sugar. Xow, fellow-soldiers, and 
officers, we only ask you to make a true statement of these 
facts, when we get back. About one hundred of the men 
who have been here twelve months, have formed themselves 
into a squad of ' Free Rovers,' and I will guarantee that they 
will not only avenge themselves, but make for themselves 
what they are now destitute of. Hoping we may have a show 
some time, 

I am most respectfully, &c." 

AVe were notified this morning, that we would have to put 
up the awning ourselves, which — though Gen. Schoepf 
promised to have It done — we were very ready to undertake, 
if we could be supplied with tools. Calling around, at the 
various "shebangs," I requested mechanics, and all who were 
willing to lend a helping hand, to turn out, immediately, for 
the work. We had no lack of men, but the only tools we 
could raise were one spade, and an old shovel. In vain did 
we appeal for a few old boards, to build a stand, and some 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 525 

pieces of rope, to stay the sheet. Indeed, there was not the 
slightest disposition to accommodate, and we were obliged — 
like the Israelites making brick without straw — to put up 
the sail in a very insecure manner, and wholly different from 
what we had purposed, had Gen. Schoepf allowed the stuff, 
and otherwise complied with promises made to me a few days 
ago. We could easily have gotten the necessary materials from 
friends in Philadelphia, if he had not dissuaded me from the 
application, with the assurance, that when the awning came, 
he would have it properly attended to. This thing is really 
so important to the comfort of the hundreds who are swelter- 
ing in " the pen " — to say nothing of its great convenience for 
religious purposes — that, in common with multitudes around, 
I feel the heartlessness, and inhumanity of the treatment. 

But the awning, however insecure or poorly adjusted, is up, 
and in spite of the opposition, we have had a grand gathering 
under the shade, of not less than four or five hundred officers. 
I endeavored to make some remarks in regard to The danger 
of self- deception ; and was gratified with the profound atten- 
tion. Prayers were offered by Capt. Samford, Lieut. Thomas, 
and myself. The closing hymn was sung, just at dark, in a 
standing posture ; and as the voice of the multitude burst 
forth, the prison "pen" echoed with the praises of God. 

If we could have had this awning, even six weeks ago, 
humanly speaking, scores might, by this time, have been 
brought into the Kingdom — for many, who never go into 
the crowded divisions, are ready to attend services out of 
doors ; and some of the wildest fellows amongst us are all 
attention, when they can have a chance for a sermon in the 
open air. We are indebted for this elegant shade, chiefly, to 
our untiring friend, Mrs. Emley, who managed to procure it 
■from a junk-shop in New York, at a cost of only fifty dollars.^ 
A tent such as was originally proposed, would have cost sbout 
$1,000, but this sail will answer every purpose; and we are as 
thankful to the friends who were arranging for the larger 
1 For a more detailed account of the awning, see Appendix H. 



526 UNITED STATES BONDS; OE 

awning, as if it were now in " the pen." Mrs. Emley states 
that, liaving purchased the sail at a much less price tlian she 
expected, she had written to all those who had contributed 
towards the object, inquiring what appropriation shall be 
made of the surplus funds. Some have authorised her to 
purchase religious books for the use of the prisoners ; and to 
others she has returned the money. 

Capt, Woolfolk left us, this afternoon, on special exchange. 
Why may not I, too, have this privilege ? — a promised favor, 
but long delayed. I begin to fear a balk, and am suffering, 
intensely, from suspense. 

We had better and more abundant rations, to-day, than I 
have ever seen at the Fort. The improvement is due to the 
personal oversight of an officer of the day, belonging to the 
Sixth ]\Iassachusetts Regiment, who says that he is determined 
to sec j ustice done. I wish I knew his name, that it might bo 
recorded here. Up to this time, there seems to have been no 
proper inspection in the kitchen department. The j)risoncrs 
have been constantly robbed, to enrich commissary sergeants, 
and waiters. Some of these — particularly the sergeants — 
are said to have made from $10 to $20 per day, by taking 
from those who were unable to pay, and making extra prep- 
arations for a much smaller number, who have been fortunate 
enough to hold the ready cash. This is a bad business, which 
I hope, for a time at least, may be stopped. 

Plavc received several very pleasant letters from Miss 
Laura F. Henry, daughter of the late Mrs. Zadock P. Henry, 
of Berlin, jMaryland, one of my old jjarishioners, in my early 
ministry, at that place. She reminds me of the fact, that 
when an infant, she received the seal of the covenant at my 
hands. Her warm sympathies are offered, in my present trials, 
and she proposes such material help as a lady may be able to 
give. Her princij)al object is to identify a person who claims 
to be a prisoner in great need of assistance. Like many other 
good ladies whose hearts are warmed with sympathy for our 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 527 

suffering ones, she has evidently been imposed upon ; and in 
this case, circumstances indicate a "Yankee trick." We often 
hear of articles being applied for, by parties who are not found 
in " the pen." Who are they ? I would bring no railing ac- 
cusation ! 

Friday, 26th. — Several persons, aroused by the remarks of 
yesterday, called in for conversation, and advice. Thus it 
appears that our very first services, under the awning, have 
been attended with a blessing. What a pity that this thing 
should have been so long delayed ! 

Wm. H. Mowry, a young man of the other barracks, 
reported drowned, is now ascertained to have been shot. 

The Christian Association is busily at work. Everybody 
seems to be interested, and all want something to do. Gen. 
Vance and Col. Hardeman, who are always active, were to-day 
elected to office. Young Mackey has been constituted Libra- 
rian. We have lost several valuable teachers, and some 
committeemen, by recent removals; but new and good men 
are taking their places, and the machinery moves on without 
grating. 

Capt. Reese, of Alabama, insists upon taking my picture 
in plaster. He has secured several sittings, and will, no 
doubt, make a good thing of it, if he can get the material. 

Parson Thomas was the preacher to-night. 

Saturday, 27th. — The remarks on Self-deception, aay be- 
fore yesterday, are still bringing inquirers. Much concern is 
manifested, and I trust we are again on the eve of revival. 

There being nothing to elicit debate, nor any special busi- 
ness before the Association, our meeting, this morning, was 
■purely devotional. Remarks by myself on the subject of 
Prayer, 

We were ordered out to-day for white-washing, and had a 
"sweet time of it," in the mud and rain. It was well for 
some of us that we could take shelter under the awning, 



528 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

We have had a new order in regard to letter writing, re- 
stricting each letter to ten lines. This may lessen Yankee 
labor — they profess to examine everything written by the 
prisoners — but, it must interfere materially with both the com- 
fort and utility of correspondence. 

Parson Thomas attempted a sermon, at night, from "Some 
men's sins," d'c. — but, as all other preachers do sometimes, 
vhe certainly failed, at least this once. 

Sabbath, 28th. — "Whilst Capt. Samford was holding forth 
this morning, on the subject of Repentance, a stone was 
thrown from the adjoining barracks, with a note attached, 
which struck the awning. The sentinel was too quick for those 
most interested, and the purpose of some poor "E;eb"wa8 
instantly thwarted. This method of communicating with the 
officers is becoming quite frequent. The effort is often suc- 
cessful ; but sometimes it fails ; and should the offender be 
caught, he, no doubt, pays the j^enalty of his " crime." 

The Bible classes were suspended in the afternoon ; and 
Adjt. Boyle held Episcopal services, in one of the divisions. 

" Judge " Rasin was called out in the course of the day, and 
has returned, leaving us in the dark in regard to whom, or 
what he saw, or for what purpose he went. 

A folded paper was thrown upon my pallet, whilst spending 
a moody hour in my bunk, before the evening service. On 
opening the billet, I found the following words of cheer, from 
my friend, Claude C. Turner, of South Carolina, which I 
transfer to these pages, with grateful appreciation : 

A SUNDAY MORNING WISa 

For Rev. Dr. Handy. 

May health, long life, anrl happiness be thine, 

My venerable friend ! Mny sweetest joys 

Be multiplied to thee, by hands diviae, — 

Till Death's chill blast thine earthly house destroys 1 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 529 

May growing seed — for Heaven becoming meet — 
(Sown by thy hand, and nurtured by thy care) 
Fill thy pure heart witli consolation sweet, 
When all without is dark, and cold, and drear! 

May future labors crown thy latest days 
With Hope's bright vision of that blessed abode - 
The Spirit-land — in realms for, far away, 
Where all is pure — all glorified of God ! 

I would that this cold, lifeless heart of mine, 
By doubt and sins oft near to madness driven, 
Could feel, could weep, rejoice, my friend, like thine; 
And give me once a sweet foretaste of Heaven ! 

Then let me ask thee, when thy prayers arise 

For those whose faith is weak, whose hearts are faint, 

Remember me to ' Him who rules the skies,' 

And may I, too, rejoice in Heaven — a saint ! 

My sermon to-night, from "Behold, I stand at the door and 
knockj" was a poor effort, and I felt discouraged ; but I ought 
lo remember, that '^it is not by might, nor by power, but by 
the Spirit of the Lord " that men are saved. 

Monday, 29th. — We have had a heavy reinforcement of 
officers — one hundred and nineteen in all. They come from, 
various quarters, and several of them are from before Peters- 
burg. Have had no opportunity as yet, to learn their names, 
or know anything about them. 

Six of our political prisoners were removed from " the 
pen " to-day. Among them are Messrs. Noel, Bentley, and 
Thos. W. Edwards. The last gentleman is from Maryland, 
and will make some inquiries in Baltimore, to hasten my ex- 
change. 

Missiles from the adjoining quarters continue to come. So 
many were thrown over whilst we were at worship in the fore- 
noon, as to interrupt the service. 

Capt. Reese has finished the plaster bust, and has given me 
a pretty good likeness; but the material is so inferior, it will 
scarcely be of much Value. Sorry for it, as well for his sake as 
my own. 
34 



530 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OB 

The "box call" has ceased ; and we are still restricted to ten 
lines in writing. 

A box has come from my excellent friend, Eev. B. II. 
McCown, containing valuables, wilh expen-es prepaid. How 
much do I owe to this dear brother, whom I have never seen ! 
Maj he have the reward of those who find it more blessed to 
give than to receive. The following extract from a letter, 
dated Forest Home, August 1 7th, will show how unfailing is 
this source of benevolence, and the spirit that prompts it : — 

Rev. Isaac "W. K. Handy : 

Dear Brother in Christ: — If ever you reach City Point, 
think of these words, " Don't forget Mr. Handy " — they were 
the last words my dear son ever uttered to me in regard to you. 
In compliance with these words, I can remit to you, as you may 
direct, (to yourself, or to your dear wife) twenty-five dollars. I 
thank you for your kind letter of sympathy, I have received 
numerous such letters from his acquaintances in Northern 
prisons. They all show mo that my noble-hearted boy was es- 
teemed. This is great consolation. I may need your services, 
if ever you go South, in regard to his remains. If ever you 
can, visit his grave for me, and drop on it a tear of love. 
Yours in Christ, 

B. H. McCowN. 

The twenty-five dollars, referred to in this letter, is a gift 
to help my family to the South. This looks like moving; but 
my wheels seem to be clogged, and I must still " bide my 
time." 

Tuesday, 30th. — We have had a great change in the 
weather, which adds much to our comfort. 

Adjt. Law came early, to report the conversion of his friend 

Adjt. J s. Thus it is that God hears prayer, and blesses 

the labors of His servants. How many will have cause to 
thank Him for prison trials, and for prison mercies ! 

My wife informs me that she has received a letter from my 
Northern kinsman, John N. Handy, of Portsmouth, New 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 531 

Hampshire, forwarding a present of One hundred dollars, to 
smooth the way to " Dixie." I have never had the pleasure 
of seeing this good friend ; but I have reason to know him 
well ; and I make this record to show, that even in Yan- 
keedom, there are those whose opinions and feelings have " the 
ring of the true metal." 

The gentlemen who left us yesterday, have been uncondi- 
tionally released. 

During the day, had a conversation on personal religion 

with Lieut. B n ; and at night, talked with inquirers under 

the awning. An interesting case in Lieut. C s. 

Wednesday, 31st. — We had a delightful prayer-meeting 
in the forenoon, conducted by Gen. Vance, who, besides 
making some practical remarks, raised the tunes and led 
in prayer. The General stated that he had been trying to 
make arrangements for preaching at the Fort (in the interior), 
but had failed completely. The feeling prevails, that some of 
us have " too much sway " already ; and the disposition is 
rather to " shut down " upon us, than to extend our privi- 
leges. 

The regular services were succeeded by an inquiry meeting. 

Had some conversation with Adjutant J s, and a friend 

of his who appears to be in an interesting state of mind, in 
regard to spiritual things. 

Among the late reinforcements is Prof, L. Gounart, re- 
cently a drill-master in the Confederate Navy, at Drewry's 
Bluif, on the James River. It is said that this gentleman 
was an Austrian Colonel, and came over to this country with 
Gen. Schoepf, who, during the war in Hungary, had been an 
orderly in his regiment. He is a very affable person, and 
though nominally a Catholic, has manifested considerable 
interest in myself, and the religious movements in "the pen." 

Capt. W. H. Stewart, of the Fifth South Carolina Regi- 
ment, was this day removed from the barracks, and placed in 



532 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

close confinement, as a retaliatory measure for similar confine- 
ment of an Illinois Captain, said to be imprisoned at this time, 
in Richmond. No particulars are stated, and we are all in 
perfect ignorance of the circumstances. 

I have a short note concerning Major Mills, of Col. Ander- 
son's staff; but have lost the recollection of what was purposed 
in the entry. 

The beer barrels are reported empty ; and I am really glad 
of it, for things have not been going on so well as before the 
establishment of the stands, and the introduction of this fash- 
ionable drink. 

Twelve recruits were introduced from Shepherdstown, Vir- 
ginia. 

The day closed with religious services, conducted by Major 
Bullock, and an address by myself. 



XVI. 

September. 



Thursday, \st. — Adjutant Boyle gave us a pleasant change 
this morning, in the use of the Episcopal service ; and inter- 
ested us, for fifteen or twenty minutes, with some admirable 
suggestions on Redeeming the time. We have a due propor- 
tion of churchmen in "the pen," and I am glad they are 
represented in our religious meetings, by so earnest and courte- 
ous a leader. 

Among those who were brought to the Fort, last night, 
was the Rev. T. N. Williams, a minister of the Cumberland 
Presbyterian Church, who has been serving as a Confederate 
Chaplain, and has seen hard times in the hands of the enemy. 
His home, I think, is in Missouri ; but for some months past 
he has been an exile, at the North. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 533 

Since the embargo on the boxes, we have had constant com- 
plaint of hunger. Some men require a great deal more food 
than others, and these are suffering more or less, all the time, 
as the Yankee allowance is barely enough, even for those 
whose appetites are not so keen. The Sutler introduced a 
barrel of crackers, this morning, " on the sly ;" and in fifteen 
minutes, he sold out to the famishing men, at thirty cents per 
pound. 

Our evening services were suddenly brought to an end, by 
an order from the sentinel, to repair to quarters. Why this 
summary interference, we were not informed. Possibly, Chap- 
lain Williams was too illustratiye, in some very bold and ani- 
mated remarks about The good soldier of Jesus Christ. How 
true it is, that " men love darkness rather than light, because 
their deeds are evil." Several friends came in after the meet- 
ing, and remained in social chat until a late hour. 

Grape! — Gen. McClellan nominated for the Presidency. 

Gen. Vance has favored me with the following lines, which 
I take pleasure in transcribing, as a memorial of our friend- 
ship, and as a valued reminiscence for the loved ones at home : 



Dear Doctor: 



TO REV. I. W. K. HANDY, D. D. 



There is a secret tie between 

Our hearts, for reasons more than one, 
Which winter's cold, nor summer's sheen 

Can wear away, and say, begone ; 
I feel it oft in solitude. 

As well as when the crowd is nigh — 
And sure, it gives my spirit food 

To battle on till life is by. 



Tea, often when thy voice is heard 

In (;aruest plea, that all may turn, — 
Methinks I gather from each word 

A love, which makes my bosom burn ; 
For well I know, thy inmost thought 

Is that we all may live, and do 
Those things with peaceful blessings fraught, 

When earth is gone, and heav'n in view. 



534 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

The weary months hnve flown since first 

We met within these prison walls — 
Not pleasant days like those of erst, 

"When quiet in our own dear halls; 
But never, though the iron hand 

Press'd rudely on thy patriot breast, 
Could aught but patient will be scann'd 

To His wise rule, who knoweth best. 

And many here will bless thy name, — 

Their teacher in the path of good, — 
Since in their liearts the Spirit's flame 

Hath lit up such a happy mood ; 
For well I ween it was thy care. 

Directed by the Spirit's glow. 
Which led them to the Saviour, where 

All alike may mercy know. 

And now thy footsteps soon shall tend 

To that dear land, we love so well, 
And brighter prospects soon shall blend 

Beneath the charm of Southland's spell. 
Dear Doctor, go ; I give thee up, 

With prayer, that God will keep thee free; 
And only ask, when that sweet cup 

Shall overflow, to pray for me. 

Most fraternally, yours, 

ROBEKT B. VaNCB. 

Friday, 2d. — Between one and two o'clock this morning, 
we had a visit from one of the sentinels, who set himself to 
adjusting the lamps, and scolded angrily, because they had not 
been kept burning. Thus it is, that the crime at one time is in 
lighting, and at another time in being in the dark. 

At the morning service, Col. Hardeman read an appropriate 
selection from some book or newspaper, and Gen. Vance, 
Adjt. Law, and Lieut. Southgate led in the prayers. During 
the worship, a sentinel again appeared — watching, I presume, 
for disloyal words. 

There seems to be some unusual restlessness among the 
Yankees. What is the matter, we do not know. Perliaps 
there may be some bugaboo among the new-comers, who needs 
special attention, We have been ordered to close the evening 
service at eight o'clock ; and to confine ourselves, hereafter, to 



DTJEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHORITY. 535 

the other side of the walk. This, of course, vacates the awn- 
ing, except for day-light meetings. Our services, this evening, 
were in charge of Lieut. T. AV. Bullitt, with remarks by my- 
self on the Worship of God. 

Saturday, 3d. — It is impossible for one who has never been 
a prisoner, to realize the great anxiety which prevails among 
the imprisoned, in regard to exchange and release. These are 
subjects of constant conversation. Every paper that comes into 
the barracks is carefully examined, to see what is proposed or 
intended by the Governments. Sometimes, hope is aroused to 
the highest pitch, and then again a corresponding depression 
takes place. It is not uncommon to hear officers remark, that 
they would rather take part in a battle every week, than to 
spend the seven days in such a miserable duress, as they are 
obliged to suffer. Various exDcdients are resorted to, to relieve 
the mind — some amusing themselves with music; others with 
sundry studies; and quite a number with games of skill or 
chance. Indeed, keno, faro, cards, &c., are entirely too j)op- 
ular. Prisoner's base, quoits, and even marbles have many 
representatives. My own mind has been constantly occupied 
with ministerial duties — not, however, to the exclusion of very 
many anxious and trying moments. Of late, (especially since 
I have had notice of an exchange,) I have suffered more than 
can be expressed, in waiting day after day, hour by hour in- 
deed, for the official order. The delay is inexplicable. There 
is no doubt, however, that God's hand is in it, and I would 
earnestly beseech the graces of patience and submission. 

Waking at any hour of the night, some one is passing to 
or from " the rear." Footsteps are constantly heard on the 
board walks, which, with the incessant calling of the sentinels, 

" Post No. vigilant ! " the roll-call of the reliefs, and the 

challenging of passengers, drive sleep from the sick and ner- 
vous ; and even the strong and well must have a good season- 
ing before they can get accustomed to it. My health has been 



536 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

SO poor, of late, that I seldom have a good night's rest. The 
mosquiloes and bed-bugs are not so troublesome, as at this 
time last year ; but they are sufficiently annoying. For a few 
nights, of late, they have been exceedingly trying. 

The regular meeting of the Christian Association, was 
held at half-past 10 o'clock A. M. As president of the body, 
I read and commented upon the fourth chapter of Philippians. 
Gen. Vance (as chairman of a committee, consisting of himself. 
Col, ITarJeman, and Capt. Samford) reported that he had re- 
ceived no reply to the letter he had written to Gen. Schoepf, in 
relation to books, Bibles, awning, &c., sent to the prisoners by 
societies and benevolent friends at the North. This silence 
is unaccountable, as no injury can possibly result from the 
simple acknowledgment of these favors. All this, however, 
is of a piece with the numerous annoyances which have in- 
creased upon us, during some few weeks lately passed. 

Our services this evening were held at half-past four, in- 
stead of half-past five as heretofore, the object being to fore- 
stall all excuse for interruption by the guards. Lieut. South- 
gate conducted the meeting, and I made some remarks upon 
the subject of Cliristian Watchfulness, Avhich were listened to 
with fixed attention by the large assembly. The order en^ 
forced for two evenings back, driving the officers to quarters 
at 8 o'clock, was omitted, showing that the design, heretofore, 
was simply to annoy us in our services, with some little 
shadow of excuse. 

The Sutler has been doing a rapid business all day, still 
selling at exorbitant prices. The poor fellows are obliged to have 
something to eat; and, little or much, all they have goes into 
the hands of these extortioners. 

Made arrangements to start a class in the Evidences of 
Christianity, to consist of Col. Hardeman, Adjts. Boyle and 
Law, Capts. Shane and Dye, and Lieuts. Southgate, Mackey, 
and others — most of whom have an eye to the ministry. My 
present suspense and very unsettled condition, will prevent me 



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DUKESS BY FEDEKAL AUTHOEITY. 537 

from giving such attention to tliis interesting class as I could 
wish ; but I shall get them together, and give theni a start, 
which will enable them to proceed hy themselves, with one 
of their number acting, in rotation, as monitor and leader. 

Had a long talk, before retiring, with Lieut. Caldwell, who 
called in to see me — an estimable brother, who shows great 

friendship and attachment. Adjutant C informs me that 

he has arranged for an escape, to-night, in company with 

Lieut. R , should the uight be sufficiently dark as it now 

bids fair to be. 

Sabbath, 4th. — We have not had such a gloomy Sabbath 
since last winter. It has been raining more or less all day, 
and we have found it impossible to use the awning. Indeed, 
we should have been thwarted in our services altogether, had 
not Chaplain Williams responded to an invitation to preach in 
his own division, No. 23. The notice was so short, that many 
of us failed to hear him. I was engaged in reading at the time, 
and knew nothing of the arrangement until the services were 
nearly over. The sermon, from Acts xiii. 36 : " For David, 
after he had served his own generation,^^ &c., is reported to have 
been quite interesting and acceptable. He seems to be a young 
brother who has a heart for the work, and with a fine voice and 
fertile imagination, his influence, should he be continued here, 
is likely to be felt for good. ^ 

In the afternoon I preached in 27, the largest and best 
division for public worship in the barracks. The room was 
crowded to overflowing, and many stood about the doors and 
windows. I went into the room, fearing I should not be able 
to do much, and really shrinking from the duty — such was 
the effect of the weather and suspense upon my heart and 
mind. The sight of the large waiting audience aroused my 
sluggish feelings ; and by God's grace I was enabled to preacli 
with unusual ease and fulness, the congregation being evidently 
absorbed in all that was said. After service, several persons 



538 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

assured me of their great interest in the truths presented — the 
text being ir. Tim. ii. 19 : " Let every one that nameth the name 
of Chrid" &G. I thank God for help afforded ; and rejoice 
the more, as I was so cramped and, I fear, ineffectual in my 
sermon of the last Sabbath. 

We could do nothing with the Bible-classes to-day. Indeed, 
our arrangements have been so broken in upon by the removal 
of a number of valuable teachers, that we shall not be able 
to resume the usual order without great difficulty. ]\Iy own 
class, in Romans, has been cut up into a number of smaller 
ones, according to a j^lan snggested by the Committee on Edu- 
cation; and should I remain in prison, the desire has been 
expressed, that with the assistance of other ministers, I should 
lecture to the classes generally on such subjects as may be 
involved in the lessons. 

The gentlemen who were to leave last night, were unavoid- 
ably prevented ; but they hope to be able to effect their object 
to-night. 

Capt. S and Adjt, L came in, and spent an hour 

with me before bed-time. We found it jileasant to talk of the 

things that make for peace. Adj t. L expressed gratitude 

to God for his imprisonment, Capt. S having done the 

same thing before — each of them realizing fully the wisdom 
of that providence which has brought them nearer to Christ, 
and opened their eyes to doctrines and principles before un- 
known, but now dear to their hearts. How delightful to wit- 
ness this growth in grace ! 

Monday, 5th. — It rained at intervals throughout the night, 
and the darkness was unusually favorable to escape. Aj)pre- 
hending the loss of prisoners, Wolff stationed a sentinel at the 
sally-port, and gave orders to allow only five men to go to 
" the rear " at one time. Crowds, of course, Avere soon col- 
lected in this passage-way — many of them suffering to obey 
the calls of nature, and all of them exposed to the rain. Two 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 539 

officers came in and objected to the order ; but finding that it 
came from the Assistant Commissary, they had no power to 
revoke it. Before morning this cruel order was made more 
oppressive, by curtailing the number allowed to go back, to 
one man at a time. Besides this precaution, men were de- 
tailed to go around with lamps, to examine the most likely 
places of egress, and every sentinel was wide awake^ last night, 
if never before. 

Wolff came into " the pen," this morning, with a posse of 
men, to nail up all the temporary openings, made during the 
summer (chiefly by the prisoners themselves) to let in the 
air. His conduct was more than usually blustering ; and with 
oaths and threats, he directed the sentinels to shoot any man 
who should dare to pull off one of these boards. Whether he 
was drunk with liquor, or intoxicated with the news of the 
fall of Atlanta, or both, it was hard to tell. 

Tlie Philadelphia Inquirer exults, to-day, over the fall of 
the " Railroad city ; " and tells us of the many hundreds of 
guns fired, in the various cities of the North, in honor of the 
victory. All our news comes through this jiaper. Although 
great allowances are to be made, for its usual boast and blath- 
erskite, yet it has its influence in bringing discouragement, in 
the absence of contradictory or rebutting testimony. Many 
of the prisoners are greatly cast down, some believing little 
more can be done in the Confederacy ; and others more hopeful 
of the final issue, but relinquishing all idea of a speedy ex- 
change. For myself, I am willing to leave the result in the 
hands of a wise and just God. I am sure He will vindicate 
the right. Believing with my whole heart, in the justice and 
righteousness of our cause, I look forward to a brighter day ; 
but I may be wrong. If so, His will be done ! 

In regard to my own affairs, the suspense is terrible. Every- 
thing around is disagreeable ; and having suffered imprisonment 
for fourteen months, I long to be free. My family is dear to me, 
and I want to be near them. How gladly would I go into some 



640 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

distant retreat, far from the noise and bustle of war, to do 
some worlv for God, in winning souls to Christ; and in my 
advancing years, at peace with all mankind. If my duty, 
however, is still at Fort Delaware, I would stay and labor on, 
beseeching Him for grace and patience according to my day. 
I have been earnestly praying for deliverance. Perhaps I 
have been inordinate in desires on this subject; or it may be 
that in some other way I ask amiss. Sometimes the remark 
is made that Dr. Handy has been praying for months, to be 
delivered from prison ; and as God has not heard my poor 
prayers, an argument is drawn thence against the importance of 
this great duty. Gen. Vance remarked to me the other day, 
that his faith had been sorely tried at this point, in that God 
had granted the very blessings he sought for, to those who 
asked them not, denying them to himself, earnestly imploring. 
Here are questions of casuistry to be studied closely. David 
said, " If I regard iniquity in my heart, the Lord will not hear 
me." God forbid that we should retain any evil thing in our 
breasts. O God ! purge us and we shall be clean. 

The day has been cheerless and gloomy. Clouds have 
lowered continually in the sky. Dampness pervades the 
atmosphere. "The pen" is full of water and mud; and the 
floor of our division is like a stable. I shall lie down to-night 
on a hard bed, as for many nights past (having emptied my 
dirty straw at our last removal), and with the apprehension of 
farther disappointment, to suffer on, it may be, for days longer. 
Oh ! for strength in these days of darkness. 

We have had no mail, until to-day, since Friday ; and the 
number of letters brought in this afternoon was very small. 
There were none for me, either from my family, or from Col. 
Purnell, who, I had hoped, would send me some cheering 
word about my exchange. 

Tuesday, 6th. — Another damp, gloomy, dreary day. It 
rained, more or less, all night, and the wind blew cold and 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 541 

wild. The storm continues up to this hour, say five o'clock 
P. M. Our room is more like a stable or hog-pen than any- 
thing else. The floor is wet from one end to the other, and 
covered with mud. The cold air rushes in from numerous 
openings, large and small. A comfortable place is not to be 
found in the whole " shebang." Other divisions are in as evil 
plight as 23. I have been knocking around to see what has 
been going on elsewhere, and the same wretched, cheerless, un- 
wholesome appearance is exhibited. Everybody is restless. 
Like wild beasts in cages, all M'alk to and fro, uneasy, anxious, 
comfortless. Some poor fellows here, will certainly never be 
able to endure it. There are several wounded and delicate 
men among us, whom I pity with all my heart. Mr. Dough- 
erty, an aged man, with silver locks, coughs distressingly with 
diseased lungs. This poor man (a native of Pennsylvania, 
and a citizen of Washington) is imprisoned for the crime of 
having built a State-house in South Carolina, and then pre- 
suming to return to his home. Oh, tha wickedness of man ! 

According to an agreement on the j^art of the commis- 
sioners of exchange, many innocent sufferers, shut up in close 
confinement and fed upon the hardest fare, in the spirit of re- 
taliation, have this week been partially released from their un- 
comfortable trials. To-day, four persons who have been con- 
fined in the cells at the Fort, were brought into " the pen," 
and put on an equal footing with other prisoners of war, 

viz : Major Reuben Mills ; Capts. W. H. Stewart, of , and 

J. H. Brown, of Tennessee; and Lieut. R. H. Bailey, of 
Florida. Bailey has taken his quarters in 23. 

Since the interdiction of the cooking on the bank, various 
expedients have been resorted to, to get a cup of tea, or a little 
warm hash. Several officers had, fortunately, provided them- 
selves, some time ago, Avith cooking-lamps. Others have 
gotten up a sort of extempore stove, constructed of old fruit 
cans, deposited in tin plates, with a square hole, for the inser- 
tion of sticks and splinters, which answers a tolerable purpose 



542 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

for boiling or warming water, or other articles in the vessel 
ou top. Considerable comfort has been afforded in this way ; 
but we are expecting continually to be ordered to put out our 
fires. Such an order would save our eyes (for we are smoked 
dreadfully), but we should suffer de gustibus, and, I fear, in 
health too. 

The bad w'eather has put a full stop to our meetings. I am 
glad, however, to find several committees, appointed by the 
Association, improving the interval. Gen. Schoepf, after long 
delay, having allowed certain letters to be answered, a good 
deal of writing has been done to-day, in reply to the agents 
of the Bible Societies in Philadelphia and New York, and to 
sundry good ladies, including an expression of thanks to Mrs. 
Emley in regard to the awning. A report is in progress, also, 
concerning the late revival, the present state of religion, &c., 
to be printed in pamphlet form, and given to the public. This 
committee consists of Lieut. Southgate and others, with Col, 
Hardeman as chairman. 

The same order that prevailed the night before, forbidding 
more than five to go to " the rear " at one time, was issued 
again last night. Having occasion, myself, to beat a retreat 
after dark, I found quite a crowd of poor fellows, standing 
huddled together, in the mud and damp air, and a sentinel 
interposing with his musket, to prevent an advance. The 
fellow saw the cruelty of the thing, and cursed the officers 
for their needless fear of escapes in such boisterous weather. 
He declared that they ought to be shot; and said he would 
like to shoot one of them himself — a man who had stolen his 
money. He was an Englishman, and a member of the 6th 
Mass. 

I received three letters this afternoon, and w'as ui:)on the 
whole encouraged by their contents, though very unsatisfactory 
as to the conduct of Mr. Culbertson, who writes to me from 
Chambersburg, where I suppose he lives. He tells me that 
he has written to Secretary Stanton, mentioning my name, 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 543 

and the covenantetl exchanj,e; but says nothing about having 
reported personally at Wasliington. I presume the man has 
hurried home, leaving the result to the influence of a few 
hasty lines announcing his return. It is too bad ! Such, cer- 
tainly, would not have been my conduct if paroled on a 
similar agency. A letter from my daughter, dated at Rich- 
mond on the 22d, informs me of her groat disappointment at 
my non-arrival on the last truce boat, as Mr. Culbertson had 
been sent down expressly for the exchange. My wife writes 
cheeringly, however, and thinks she can see the hand of God in 
the delay. I have no doubt, that He is arranging it all for 
the best. 

Two ofScers came in to-night from Early's army, announc- 
ing the death of Gen. John H. Morgan, which is reported out- 
side. The statement is not generally credited, but with the 
news of the fall of Atlanta, adds to the general depression. 

Monday, 7th. — The wind and rain continued, until after 
midnight, when the clouds partially dispersed ; and this morn- 
ing we had a bright sun, which pretty well dried the west 
half of the area in time for a service at 11 o'clock. Parson 
Thomas made some remarks on the subject of Faith and Works. 
We had the usual prayers and hymns, and cr&Ye notice for a 
meeting in the afternoon. 

The class in the Evidences of Christianity, had its first 
meeting in 22, occupying Col. Hardeman's bunk, in a corner 
of the third tier. We read over the first chapter of Alex- 
ander — making his work the text-book ; and studying Paley, 
and Mcllvain, in connection. All appeared to be deeply in- 
terested. 

In the afternoon we held a meeting, under the awning, to 
discuss the propriety of a new arrangement of the Bible classes. 
It was determined to organize a Bible Class Sabbath School — 
or rather a Sabbath School of Bible classes. There will be 
some half a dozen classes in all, and each class will study the 
same lesson, which is hereafter to be determined. 



544 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

^^ Grape-vine telegram. — Atlanta has been recaptured, 
with the loss of eight thousand men on the part of the 
Yankees ! ! Very doubtful. 

Tuesday, 8th. — About one-third of our open space of two 
acres, was this day covered with water, from an overflow of 
the ditches. Strange that these disagreeable results are not 
obviated by raising the banks, with sand or coal cinders, which 
certainly cannot be hard to obtain. 

We had a prayer-meeting at half-past ten, under the awn- 
ing. I addressed a good congregation, on the subject of The 
Church, and its Membership. The meeting was conducted by 
Capt. White. After the services, those wishing to join the 
*^ Church at large^^ were invited to come forward — Capt. 
Samford, Chaplain Williams, Parson Thomas, Lieut. Moore 
and myself, acting as a committee of examination. The fol- 
lowing persons gave us an account of their religious experience, 
were duly examined by myself as Moderator of the committee, 
and were unanimously accepted, to be moro formally received 
by baptism, and public profession to-night, viz: Adjt. Wra. 
B. Baird, Lieut. J. A. Walker, and Lieut. A. J. Wilson. 
Two others who have had a new and better experience, did 
not come forward, as they are already recognized as church 
members, at home. They will probably make some statement 
concerning themselves, at some one of the conference meet- 
ings ; and conform hereafter to whatever may be required of 
them in the churches to wliich they belong. 

Gen. Vance tells me that some time ago, when the great 
excitement took place among the Yankees, under the impres- 
sion of insurrection and escapes, it was M-ilh much difficulty 
the guard could be got into "the pen;" and that they were 
only prevailed on to advance, when their officer (I am sorry I 
cannot get his name) advanced to the gate, brandishing h!s 
sword and exclaiming, " Come on, my bravo boys, they are 
unarmed, and can't hurt us ! " The valiant fellows "svere thus 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 545 

encouraged to rush in immediately, when they formed a hol- 
low square, into which, I suppose, they put their prisoner, 
Capt. Plamby — a square which the General says, was " hollow 
indeed." How he got all this information I don't know; but 
he vouches for the truth of it. 

Lieut. Hardee, who has been absent at the hospital about 
three months, has returned. His face is red, and somewhat 
m;irked from sraall-pox. The poor fellow has had a hard 
time of it during the war, having received several wounds, 
and lost his leg. He is a good fellow, and the same whom I 
baptized in May last, with Adjt. Cyrus. 

The services, this afternoon, were held as ecirly as four 
o'clock. Chaplain W preached from John i. 29 : '^Be- 
hold the Lamb of God that taketh away the sin of the world." 
The congregation was large and very attentive. The voice of 
the speaker is very loud, clear and impressive. He has con- 
siderable action, a good flow of language, and a line imagina- 
tion. He shows, however, some defect of education; and in 
this sermon did not reach, according to my view, the gist of 
the text — the sacrificial work of Christ; but he said many 
excellent things, and pleased, and edified his audience. Ex- 
perience and culture will make him an eloquent and exceed- 
ingly effective minister. 

After the service, the three persons examined this morning, 
appeared before the stand, and answered affirmatively to 
the usual questions, thus publicly acknowledging the Lord 
Ji'sus Christ, and signifying the sincerity of their npent- 
v.iv e, and their entire dependence on Him, for strength 
ar,d guidance in the ways of truth and holiness. After this 
solemn profession, all three of these gentlemen were baptised 
by myself, into the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. 
The ordinance was administered by sprinkling, each of them 
occupying a standing posture. To reach them conveniently, 
it was necessary that I should take my position, in a chair 
provided for the purpose, and placed immediately in front of 
35 



546 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

them. After the administration of the ordinance, the church 
arose and gave them a public recognition. The benediction 
was tlien pronounced, and many members came forward and 
gave them the hand of fellowship. 

Friday, dth. — Capt. Frank C. Robbing conducted the 
morning prayer-meeting; and for a rarity, we were dismissed 
without remarks, either trom ministers or members. Parson 
Thomas preached in the afternoon from Col. iii. 1 : '^Ifye then 
be risen with Christ," d'c. The old gentleman gave us briefly, 
his favorite subject, with some pretty good remarks on other 
points. In prayer I was constrained to rcf r to the planting, 
and crucifixion with Christ, as well as the burial, and to bring 
out wiiat I conceive to be the teaching of the Apostle in the 
chapter ; but in such a manner, I hope, as gave no offence, 
whilst it may have explained the doctrine, without provoking 
a controversial spirit — all d<ine, of course, in a few v»'ords, 
the design unnoticed, I hope, by any who would make a bad 
use of the allusions. 

One of our number has, to-day, received news of the death 
of four of his children, since last heard from, and the elope- 
ment of his wife to some unknown point at the West. This 
poor fellow, who is a very ignorant man (he cannot read), has 
been a prisoner near two years; and as he is "under charges," 
he is left almost without In pc. 

Gen. Vance perpetrati d the f)llowIng, which some one took 
the liberty to nail up at the sally-port, for the edification and 
amusement of all concerned, viz : 

THE GRAPE-VINE LINE. 

Professor Jlorse 

Thouglit hi:n a liorso, 
WUcn firbt he put in niolioa 

Ills 'pnipliic wires, 

And li-l:t:ii;;',' fl'.crr, 
From mouutaiu down to ocean. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 547 

And ev'ry one 

Thought he had done 
The grandest thing in Nature; 

But let him come 

To "Johnny's"! home, 
And see a stranger crayture, 

'Tis on this Isle 

He'd griu and smile, 
And ope his eyes with wonder, 

When he should hear, 

From far and near, 
The "grape vine" speak its thunder. 

Sometimes 'tis heard, 

By flying word, 
From t'other side of Jordan ;' 

And then again. 

Thro' mud and rain, 
It kites around the "hull-pen; "3 

'Till ev'ry eye 

Grows brighter by 
The line that so doth gull men. 

But if you want 

To hear us rant, 
Where each his jargon utters, 

Pull on your shoes, 

What else j'ou choose, 
And go out to the Sutler's. 

Tliere we arrange 

For our exchange — 
Our speedy separation ; 

And when we're back, 

We'll not be slack 
To whip the Yankee nation. 

Long wave the grape/ 

And let us gape; 
'Tis rousing, lively, funny; 

Though surely it 

Each one hath hit, 
'Tis good for "Reby Johnny." 



Fort Delaware, Sept. 8(?i, 18G4. 



A Tar Heel. 



Saturday, 10th. — An officer was taken to the guard-house, 
tiiis morning, for drawing a basin of water from one of the 

1 Name given Rebels by Yankees. 

2 Privates' Birraf!cs. 

3 Name given to the open space between the barraci^B. 



548 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

tanks. Anotlie'r poor fellow, who was expecting a comfortable 
wash, was ordered to empty his basin in tiie ditch. The 
sufiply of water is always poor; and it is wise, of course, to be 
as economical as possible; but, we have had so much rain of 
late, that it is hard to be restricted, when there mig'.t have 
been an abundance in the tanks. Much has been said about 
the filthy water at Andersonville ; but, I think, it could 
scarcely be worse than the miserable stuff at this place. The 
hogsheads afford some little relief for drinking purposes; but, 
the ditches are our only resource for washing in every depart- 
ment. The brackish current, which comes from the bay, is 
usually covered with a green scum, and infested with insects. 
Everybody rcror.s to the banks; and it is common to see men, 
at one end washing dishes; a little farther down, a party 
scrubbing shirts and handkerchiefs — wdiilst at the low^r end, 
several persons may be noticed in a state of perfect nudity, 
trying the effect of a silt bath. Added to this, some one will 
presently come along with a foul vessel, and throwing the con- 
tents into the common reservoir, return to quarters, no man 
saying augh.t against him. Tiie only defence against this 
monstrosity of flllh is a comparatively clean wash, in the early 
morning, when the tide has had some little opportunity to 
carry off the accumulations of the preceding day. 

Twenty-six persons — citizens of Virginia, from Loudon 
and Fauquier counties — were introduced to our quarters soon 
after breakfast. Among them are several persons advanced in 
years. Gen. Asa Hogers, who is of this party, is a M'cll known 
militia officer, about sixty-eight years of age, and a gentleman 
of intelligence and influence in that section. His son-in-law, 
the Rev. O. A. Kinsolving, of the Episcopal Church; the 
Eev. George W. Harris, Baptist minister; and Mr. T. J. 
Galleher, are prominent persons in this company. They w-ere 
all arrested without a moment's warning, and hurried on to 
the Old Capitol, at Washington, as hostages for persons alleged 
to have been captured by the Confederate army, and now in 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 549 

confinement at E-ichmond. Mr. Kinsolvins: is here in thin 
clothing and a straw hat, with the weather damp and cohl. 
He was hurried away from his motherless children, whom he 
was obliged to leave in care of a servant, without wood, and 
such other necessaries as will be required even during a tem- 
porarj absence. The old General, who appears to he a sort 
of leader to the p^rty, refused to take a parole, binding him 
to neutrality during the war. He has a son (a Major at 
Drewry's Bluff), who bears honorable wounds received in the 
service of his country. 

We had an interesting meeting of the Christian Associa- 
tion, commencing at ten A. M. A question arose in regard 
to the propriety of holding the morning services at sunrise, 
instead of ten o'clock, as heretofore. The debate, in which 
Col. Plardeman, Adjt. Boyle, Capt. Tracy, Lieut. Bullitt, and 
others took part, was quite animated; and the question was 
finally decided by a majority of two, in favor of the sunrise 
meeting. 

The Committee on Education reported a plan for a Sab- 
bath Sehool of Bible classes, which aroused considerable in- 
terest; and arrangements were also announced by Lieut. 
Bullitt, Chairman of the Committee, in regard to sundry 
classes in secular studies. Suggestions were offered, recom- 
mending a course of Literary and • Scientific Lectures. The 
report was adopted, and a train of operations will soon be in 
progress, which, under the direction of the Committee, prom- 
i es much good. 

The Rev. ]\Ir. Harris gave us an impressive sermon, in the 
afternoon, on the parable of Dives and Lazarus. The congre- 
gation was largo, and the effect of the sermon would have been 
very decided, but for a constant walking to and fro, and even 
around and in front of the table, which, in a measure, drew 
attention from the subject ofdiscour.se — and as his hands and 
arms were sometimes over the very heads of the people, the 
minds of some were evidently distracted by this new, and 



550 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

curious manner; but, luauy, I aai suro, hcurcl tli'3 word with 
gladness, and it i.i Iioped tliis cxccilcnt brother ius come i:;to 
our midst for gootl. 

Have been occupied, a good portion of the day, in con- 
versation with backsliders, and inquirers, answering all sorts 
of curious questions, and endeavoring to instruct the anxious. 
One young man, to whom I had suggested the importance of 
a public confession, acknowledged his sinful wanderings, witli 
such evident penitence, and self-abasement, that every member 
of the Association seemed to be moved, and some were affected 
to tears. 

I am told by some who came in to-day, that IMr. Culbert- 
son's name has been mentioned at Washington, as an exchange 
for a Dr. Jackson, now in confinement at the " Old Capitol ; " 
and that otlier names have also been suggested in that con- 
nection. What arc Ave to think of a Government exhibiting 
so much unfairness, duplicity, and want of good faith ! 

Our rations at dinner were unusually large — in consequence, 
I presume, of the jDresence of the hostages. For weeks we 
have been restricted to a small piece of bread and meat, each, 
(twice a day) wiih a cup of rice or bean soup, at dinner. The 
bread has generally been a mixture of corn meal and wheat 
flour ; and the meat an alternation of beef and pork. The 
pork, which is usually very offensive to the smell, averages 
about two inches in length, by one in thickness. These 
rations are commonly distributed to us at hours so irregular, 
and with such improper intervals — breakfast from 9 to 10, 
and dinner from half-past 2 to half-past 3 — that we have 
been obliged (those who relished it, first using the souj)) to 
transfer them to the bunks, where we can eat with a better 
division of the time. 

The soup is always served in tin cups, without spoons ; we 
are not allowed knives and forks; and the salt is deposited in 
piles, at regular di-tunces, on the rough, greasy tables. It 
would be quite an amusing, if it were not often an affecting 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 551 

sight, to see hundreds of vrell-brcd gentlemen carrying each 
liis ''grub" \viti» extended hand, and hurrying to his bunk 
to make the deposit ; or, p -rhaps, bj a small fire at " the rear," 
to work it up into some sort of hash, which his appetite will 
better relish at a more suitable hour. As to the quantity, 
in many cases it is entirely too little. Hearty men are fre- 
quently h^ard complaining of severe hunger, with no prospect 
of relief, until the next morning — unless they are able to pay 
an iniquitous price to the Sutler for a few cakes or crackers. 

Sabbath, llfh. — I have preferred to give way entirely, to- 
day, t ) the other ministers. Capt. Samford preached a good 
sermon in the morning, from Heb. ii. 17: "For it behooved 
kim" &c. He complained of being unprepared ; but his 
remarks were listened to with attention and interest. Mr. 
Kinsolving declined preaching, but consented to read the 
service, which he did, in presence of a large congregation, 
assembled in division 22.. A Yankee Lieutenant and a Ser- 
geant took their stations inside of the door, and remained until 
the services were nearly over. A Colonel and a Major also 
cime in after awhile, and remained for some minutes. It is a 
little remarkable, that all these men left the room prior to the 
prayer for the President of the Confederate States, Mhich 
would not have been omitted, had they been present. As Mr. 
Kinsolving has invariably adhered to this item of the service, 
among his own people (though generally in his own parlor, 
and in private), it is not improbable that it may have had 
something to do with his arrest. 

Mr. Harris preached at the evening service, in 24, from 
Heb. xii. 14 (latter clause) : "Holiness, without which no man 
shall see the Lordr The sermon was delivered with warmth 
and impre^siveness, and was a faithful exhibition of the im- 
portant doctrine contained in the text. 

The intervals of worship were spent by myself, chiefly in 
conversing with persons inquiring on religious subjects. 



552 UNITED STATES BONDS ; CH 

Capts. Shane and Dye, and Lieut. Caldwell, canio in after 
dark; and we spent an h nv or two in S\veet communion. 
Notwithstanding the inclemency of the weather, the Bible 
class(S met at the awning, and the Sib' a h School system was 
inaugurated. The teachers, with their several classes around 
them, were located according to convenience — some und^r, and 
some near the awning. The gentlemen offic'ati g as instruc- 
tors, to-day, were Rev. Messrs. Williams, Harris, and Kinsol- 
ving, Col. Hardeman, Capt. Harris, and Maj. Hicliardson. 

2Ionday, '\.2tli. — The sunrise prayer-meeting was Jield this 
morning. The weather was t; o inclement to allow me to 
attend. Many others, however, were prom;>tly iu their places 
under the awning, and the ScTvice-j were conducted ])y Lieut. 
McFarland. 

Our room has been in a most uncomfortable condition all 
day The floor is damp ; tlie aii-, which ruslu s in from numer- 
ous openings, very cool; and, withal, we a.e crowded together, 
a moth y collection of ninety men. ^luch cf the time has been 
occupied with fiddling, and shufilm;-; all sorts of noi-es have 
prevailed; and even a moment's quiet or comfort has been im- 
possible. 

Several of the last import:ition are a low, rough set, not 
only in appearance, but in conduct. Twelve of this company 
have been quartered in 23. Several of them are gentlemen, 
and an acquisition to our society; but oihcrs are dirty and 
lousy, and find their chief jy in a regular break-down. 

CIia})lain Williams preached in 29, from Luke x. 42 : " One 
• thing is needful," He had some good illustrations, and tpoke 
with animation and effect. An allusion to the Washinirton 
M(mument in Baltimore — in which he compared the (jlJiiristian 
w^iih the dim lights around him, to the visitor as^-ending the 
dark and winding stairway, holding a lantern before him, and 
thus able to see only a few steps in advanc, until aris'ng 
higher and higher, he at length emerges upon broad daylight, 



DURESS BY FEDEKAL AUTHORITY. 553 

with a grand view of the entire city and every surroundino- 
object — was a beautiful and impressive flight. 

Mrs. E , wife of one of our imprisoned officers, who 

has lately been making great effort to see her husband, has at 
last succeeded. She was several days at Delaware Ci;y, with 
letters from Ex-President Johnson and others, which scemtd 
to have failed with our Commandant. She then went to 
Washington, where she was well received by Maj.-Gen. Ilitch- 
c H'k, but rudely r< pulsed by Secretary Stanton. Advised by 
Gen. Hitchcock, she made another effort, visiting the President 
himself. As soon as Johnson's letter was presented, the way 
was perfectly ckar. 

"Why, to be sure. Madam," said Lincoln — "to be sure 
you can see your husband. Why, don't you know, Madam, 
that Abraham Lincoln is the greatest man in the country ; 
and that Andrew Johnson is only second to him? You will 
be willing, now, to go back and tell your friends what a good- 
lookinof man I am.^' 

Mrs. E could promise the President, very little, on 

that score — whereupon he complimented her candor, and gave 
her the pass. 

On her arrival at the Island, Gen. Schoepf declined per- 
mittin.:; her to remain longer than the one day. The lady ex- 
pressed surprise, and told him she did not intend to leave. 

" What will your friend ' B y ' say," said she, 'Svheu I 

go back and tell him you have not treated me as well as other 
people have done ? " 

The argument was imperative. Mr. B y is a friend, 

whom the General was unwilling to lose; and Mrs. E 

was accommodated to the extent of her plans. This energetic 
lady succeeded in obtaining an interview with her husband 
whilst a prisoner in the penitentiary, at Columbus, when the 
obstach s seemed almost insurmountable. 

A "grape-vine" rcjiort has been current, imputed to 
myself, alleging tliat a strict search of baggage was about to 



554 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

be instituted. Calling this evening on Gen. Vance, I found 
him in full r.ccrptaucc of the n:iauthGnticatod story,::; nil, actually, 
doubly clad, in two pairs of go(/d jiants which he could not 
aiford to lo?e. I think some one must have started the report, 
from seeing me with three coats on, which I had playfully ex- 
hibited to some friend-, as evidence of what I was obliged to 
do on account of the suddenly ro'igli and chiily weather! 

Further ^^ grape : " — 2000 privates to be sent oiF to-morrow 
on exchange 1 

Tuesday, loth. — A meeting of the Christian Association 
was held in 34. I took the chair; and opened the meeting 
with religious services, commenting upon the sixth chapter of 
II. Corinthians. The object of the me.'ling was to reconsider 
the rule in regard to the sun-rise prayer-me'-tin;zs. Anothrr 
animated discussion arose, in wliicli Adjt. Boyle, Lieut. Bullitt, 
and Bev. INIessrs. Harris and Williams sevt rally took part. 
The matter v,as ended by a resolution to revert to the old 
hour at 10 o'clock A. M., as the time best adapted to secure a 
large congregation, and most likely t) do good. 

The afternoon meeting was conducted by Gen. Vance, who 
made some excellent remarks on the subject of Prayer ; and 
which emanating from such a source, will, no doubt, be long 
remembered. The General is a good singer, and has some 
fine prayer-meeting tunes, which always arouse the feelings, 
and give warmth to the services. II's jjrayers, too, are fer- 
vent and importunate. The meeting, to-day, was unusually 
pleasant. 

The sentinels have been more strict, to-dr.y, tlian usual. 
Why this, I know not. An officer was halted this morning, 
in the act of j^icking up a note thrown from the other 
barracks. Even after he had thrown the paper to the ground, 
lie was made to wait until the arrival of the Corjjoral. 
To-night, the sentinels, who are mere boys, have been visiting 
all the divisions, moving around the rooms in search of — we 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 555 

couKl not tell what. Caiit. Boarman, chief of 22, asked them 
what they wanted — and, rallier sarcastically inquiicJ, if they 
were ''looking for a gunboat." The lads immediately ar- 
rested hira, and had him taken to the guarddicuse. Wolff, 
for a wonder, saw the absurdity of the thing, and remanded 
him, at once, to his quarters. Capt, Boarman is one of our 
most intelligent and gentlemanly officers. 

Mr. Magrudtr had news to-day of the illness of his wife ; 
and was informed that she will, probably, not last more than 
a few wei'ks. Earnest effort has been made by influential 
friends, to get him a parole to see her ; but, so far, they have 
been entinly unavailing. What a cold, heartless, stubborn 
tyrant, is the Secretary Stanton ! Mr. M. is a private citizen, 
who has been condemned to imprisonment for a year, on the 
most frivolous charges. 

Tlie announcement has been made, that 500 sick and 
wounded prisoners are to be sent off, on exchange. The men 
from the adjoining barracks were out for enrolment. 

Wednesday, 14th. — A great change in the weather. Beau- 
tiful morning; up early; and took a half hour's walk beforq 
breakfast. Some hours later we had a drizzling rain, which 
continued but for a short, time. 

Twenty wounded olilcers weie called out, with a view to 
enrolment for exchange. It was quite amusing to see how 
suddenly some of the Lime men were '' taken worse." Some 
had bandages; and some walked with canes, who had, h.reto- 
fore, never been seen with such appendages. Gen. Sehoepf 
su'ierintended the enrolment in person; and although some 
poor fellows will be left who ought to have been off long ago, 
I doubt whether any will get off, this triji, whoj ought not 
to go. 

Capt. Tracy conducted the morning service. In the 
absence of remarks by others, I addressed the congregation 
some fifteen or twenty minutes, from those words, "Delight 



556 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

iliysiJf ill ihc Lord, and He will give thee the desires of thy 
heart." 

Ciipt. Thomas hold forth in the afternoon, speaking on the 
subject of the Resurrection, from Isaiah xi. 1 : "Comfort ye, 
comfort ye, my people." 

Sundry friends called in, in the course of the afternoon — 
among whom were Lieuts. Caldwell, Barkley, Milam, and 
Bailey. Lieut. Milam, who has but one leg, is among the 
number soon to leave. He promises to visit my daughter in 
Richmond. 

Had a pleasant talk with Major Richardson, of Clark 
county, Va. The Major informs mo, that lie was an cye- 
witness to the execution of the Yankee deserter (name for- 
gotten) who was lately hung, at the Old Capitol. He says 
the man manifested little or no feeling, in prospect of death ; 
but that which made the deepest impression upon his mind, 
was the almost entire abstnce, in the prayer of the chajjlain, 
of any reference to the case of the unfortunate man — the 
burden of his petition being malediction u^jon the Rebels, and 
dictation to the Almighty. 

Thursday, Ibth. — A call was made for chaplains, and sur- 
geons, to go out for enrolment to be sent South. I requested 
Chaplain Williams to ask Gen. Schoepf, to grant me an inter- 
view — my object being to have some conversation about my 
own ex' hange, and to ascertain whether certain letters sent to 
hiiu about ten days ago (to be forwarded to INIr. Culbertsou, 
and otliers) had been received and maiLd. Unfortunately, 
Mr. Vrilliams mentioned the matter to Wolff, the very man I 
M'ishcd to avoiil, as I have reason to believe he is throwing 
every obstacle in the way of my release, of which he is 
capable. No sooner had the announcement of my wish been 
made, than he peremptorily, and roughly refused. Presenlly, 
the Chaplain saw an opportunity to speak to the General, and 
moved in that direction. Wolff immediately ordered him 
back; and, angrily stormed out: 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 557 

" If Dr. Handy wants to see Gen. Sclioepf, I will put l)iin 
in the ctlls, where he will get to see him, perhaps, every clay." 

Mr. Williams says, he cmitinucd to make some very im- 
pertinent and insulting remarks, about my beins^ no preacher — 
all of which, though used in connection with my name, the 
Chaplain thinks were intended for himself. 

This hatred, ar.d vituperation, is precisely of a piece with 
the spirit generally manifested by the understrappers on the 
Island. I am at a loss to know why /should be the object of 
such special spite. I am seldom in contact with these men — 
having always been particularly cautious about any intimacies, 
or even conversations with them. Whenever I have spoken 
to them, I have done so as a Christian, and a gentleman. In 
all my sermons, I have inculcated the doctrine of forgiveness ; 
and no man, with the decision, and firmness which I have 
always illustrated, as a true son of the South, could possibly 
be more fair, and relig'ously impartial, in view of the stand- 
points occupied by the contesting parties. But all this is only 
to be maligned, hated, and oppose!, in every effort to go 
peaceably to the Confederacy. This very afternoon I M^as in- 
formed that Welsh — our self-import uit, and extortionate 
Sutler — cursed me, with severe abuse, in presence of several 
gentlemen in the interior of the Fort, calling mo a "' damned 
old Secesh preacher," and hoped that I might be long retained 
in prison, and treated as severely as possible. And with this 
man I have neyer had ten words during ray imprisonment. 
It may be he knows that, upon principle, I never deal with 
him, save only in cases of the most urgent necessity; or, per- 
haps he has been informed of my plainness months ago, Avith 
one of his clerks, who attempted to cheat me, rind low after- 
wards the same clerk cheated himself, and I returned tlio 
money, though he would never have recognized the loss. 

The morning prayer-meeting was conducted 1 y Capt. INIcore, 
of Georgia. He read the fifth <; liapter of James ; and I com- 
mented for twenty minutes or more on the twentieth verse. 



558 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

" He which converteth the sinner from the error of his icay, shall 
save a soul from death, and shall hide a multitude of sins." 

Chaplain Williams preached in the afternoon, from Psalm 
Ixxxiv. 11, "The Lord God is a sun and shield," &c. He 
indulged in considerable flights of fancy; spoke with anima- 
tion and feeling ; and made pleasant reference to Heaven as 
the home of the righteous. It was intended as a fare- 
well sermon, in anticipation of his expected release. Some 
incidental remarks on the sins of gambling and profanity, were 
very striking. 

Lieut. W. L. B n, who has been long under a cloud, 

came to my bunk this afternoon, and announced his hope in 
Christ, and his belief in the pardon of his sins. Thus it 
appears, that God is still with us, and the good work goes on. 

Friday, IGth. — The sick and wounded are still here. We 
have heard of the arrival of the steamer New York, at Anna- 
polis ; but the does not yet make her appearance at the Island. 
Of course, great anxiety prevails. Chaplain Williams, who 
with several surgeons is to leave in this boat, has been moving 
around for several days in his best " bib and tucker," ready to 
be off at any moment. I have been somewhat in this condi- 
tion myself for more than a month. Qn receipt of intelligence, 
that }-Ir. Culbrrtson had ar lived at Annapolis, I packed up my 
" duds," and have refrained from opening the carpet-bag or 
valise, except aliout once a week, when I have been obliged to 
do fo, to get out a clean shirt and pack up the soil d one. As 
I have alreafly used four shirts in this Avay, I fear I shall soon 
run out of linen, my hourly expectation of a c.ill forbidding 
recourse to the wjshcr-man. What is more intoleralde than 
suspense ! and who more faithless than a Yankee official ! 

I find the feeling in regard to the exchange of negroes, 
materially modified within the last few weeks. Some Avho 
heretofore have been decidedly opposed to the movement, are 
advocating the measure as wise and politic. Gen. Rogers tells 



DUE,ESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOBITY. 559 

nv, that his mind has undergone a complete change within toa 
days. The importance of placing some 5,000 men ia the field, 
just at this juncture, is regarded as paramount. lie, \vith 
others, is beginning to look at the matter as a mere abstraction, 
and would urge the Confederate Government, had they a 
hearing, to make no delay. 

Our class in the Evidences is progressing well. All the 
gentlemen engaged in this study are men of intelligence, and 
studious habits. Some of them are regular graduate^, and all 
of them officers of various grades, from First Lieutenant to 
Colonel. The class consists of Col. Hardeman, Capts. Yf . F. 
Robbins, Dye, and Spencer, Adjts. Law and Boyle, and Licuts. 
Mackcy, Soathgate, and McFarland. 

The morning meeting was conducted by Lieut. J. F. Cald- 
well, who made some impressive remarks. No other person 
arising, I offered some remarks on Sanctificaiion as a ^yrogrcs- 
slve v'orh, hoping to encourage those who are "hungering and 
thirsting after righteousness." 

Mr. Harris preached a good sermon in the afternoon, from 
Rom. viii. 14 : "For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, 
they are the sons of God.'' The truth was listened to wi Ii 
great interest by the large congregation, assembled under and 
around the awning. 

Lieut. Caldwell called in after dark, and gave me a lament- 
able account of the receut shooting of five of his neighbors, 
by the Yankees, in Bollinger county, Missouri. One of them, 
Mr. Kinder, was an aged gentleman, long known as a useful 
citizen, and a good Christian. The others also were worthy 
men — all of whom he knew well. This news he gets, with- 
out the particulars, in a letter from his wife. She farther 
states, that his house and farm are to be sold, in a few days, 
for an old security debt, whi; h he had been notified five years 
ago was satisfied, and Avhich he had almost forgotten. He is 
in great trouble about his family, and is experiencing his first 
great trial, since he became a Christian. May God sustain 
hi n ! 



560 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Had a long walk witli old Brother Thomas, before retreat- 
ing to quarters; and was cnlertained with an account wlilch he 
gave me of the " Two Seed Baptists " — a denomination found 
chiefly in Tennessee and Missouri. 

Saturday, 17th. — We were obliged to spend much of the 
day out of doors, in order to give way to the white- washers. 
This business has become quite a nuisance. At proper inter- 
vals it would be a healthful, and tolerable change ; but it has 
become so frequent, of late, as to exceed all bounds of utility, 
or necessity. Were the same labor and expense appropriated 
towards some more substantial or rational comfort, it Avould 
be well. "The outside of the cup and platter" is "the all- 
important," with our masters. To please the eye of visitors 
and inspectors, is the great aim ; but foud and raiment for 
suffering prisoners, is a matter that impresses itself but little 
upon their consideration. "The pen "is full of ragged and 
hungry men. Let them give us pants, and shoes, and better 
rations, and it would certainly be much more for our comfort, 
if not for their consciences. To add to our miseries, they 
have even interdicted the harmless little fires, enkindled to 
boil a cup of tea or coffe(>, or to warm up the coarse and un- 
palatable beef and pork, with which we are so scantily Ce^. 
A hard fate; but the tables will turn ! 

The " sportsmen " have enlarged their booth immediately 
in front of 23, and which is only a few yards distant from the 
division. A slight framework is erected, about twelve or fif- 
teen feet square, divided into four small apartments, arranged 
and covered with blankets. Here the professional gamblers 
spend their time from morning till night. There are several 
persons frequenting th's spot, who have never been seen by 
some of u*^, anywhere else. The " kcno " business seems to be 
"played out," and the fixtures sold to the "galvaniz'.d" men, 
hard by — where thoy may be heard all day calling, in a loud 
voice, the numbers ou the cards. " Yingt-un " is the favorite 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AGTHORHY. 561 

game at the booth. Large sums are frequently staked, chiefly 
in Confederate money. I often pass by this place — which is 
always crowded — but I have never yet stopped, even to give 
a casual glance at their games. I regret to say, that card- 
playing is still carried on in most of the divisions ; and in one 
or two of them tlie different games are practised to some ex- 
tent, even on the Sabbath. How infatuating such pursuits ! 

The regular meeting of the Christian Association was held. 
Read and commented, briefly, on the twelfth chapter of Ro- 
mans. Very little business of moment. A vote of thanks 
was projjosed to our excellent friend, Mrs. A. W. Emlcy ; but 
we were afraid it might induce odium, or otherwise cause her 
to suffer, and concluded to defer it. A committee to nominate 
officers for the next two months (of which Major A. Heed is 
chairman) was apj)ointed by the President, to report at the 
next meeting. 

No news in regard to my exchange ! The suspense is pain- 
ful ! Trying to fee 1 patient, and to realize the providential 
dealings of a kind Father in Heaven. 

Subject of the lesson in the Evidences, to-day : — Hume's 
argument atrainst miracles. 

Capt. W n received a letter from his wife, informing 

him of her conversion. It has been but a short time since he, 
also, found the Saviour. They have been married a year or 
two ; but have never spent six weeks together, as husband and 
wife. 

The six men recently released from close confinement wer;\ 
again, suddenly called out before bedtime, and ushered into 
their former gloomy cells. The "unlucky men" are Major 
Mills, Capt. Stewart, and Lieuts. Bailey, Brown, Dosier, and 
Brereley. The emergency certainly must be special, that they 
cou'ld net be left until morning ! 

About eight o'clock P. M. we had a " fresh fish," in tho 
person of a Ur. Gai-nett, just from New Yoi'k, where he has 
been for some time o.i parole. He brought a copy of th j 
36 



562 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Dally News, in which I find a " personal " from ray son (signal 
officer on the flag-ship Virginia) announcing his own good 
health, but that his sister, Mrs. Young, is not so well. 

Sabbath, ISth. — We had a large congregation, under the 
awning. With the exception of a little too much wind, the 
weather was fine. My sermon from ii. Cor. v. 7 — " We walk 
by faith, and not by sight/' — was listened to with the most re- 
spectful attention; and I cannot but hope, that the seed sown 
will spring up ere long, and bring forth fruit to the honor and 
glory of God. Bef )re preaching, the Bible classes met, under 
the direction of Lieut. Southgate, instructed by the several 
teachers, as heretofore stated. It was a beautiful sight —^ a 
sight which would have afforded grateful satisfaction, to the 
breast of many a i^ious friend at the South. There were not 
less than two hundred officers, representing almost every sec- 
tion of the Confederacy, all pleasantly occupied f)r nearly two 
hours, in Bible recitations. The diligence, with which these 
studies are pursued, is remarkable. I never saw more earnest- 
ness, under the most favorable circumstances, at home. This 
diligence is the more remarkable, as there are few notes, or 
other helps to be had in the barracks. 

Mr. Kinsolving was too unwell to read the Episcopal ser- 
vice, in the afternoon. Adjutant Boyle took his place. After 
the usual prayers, he made some exj)lanations in regard to the 
rubrics, and showed the design of certain usages of '' the 
Church." The Adjutant is a very zealous Episcopalian, and 
loses no opportunity of recommending the Litany, and the 
Ritual ; but he is a very companionable gentleman ; takes hold, 
with spirit, in the Christian Association ; and has, upon one 
occasion, conducted the prayer-meeting, using the Church 
prayers, with considerable adaptation and appropriateness. 
The afternoon services closed the public worship for the day, 
it being now too late, for the intended prayer-meeting. 

Would have been glad to devote the intervals of public 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 563 

service to reading and meditation ; but, in prison it is hard to 
engage in any such duties, at will. From one end of the bar- 
racks to the other, a private place is not to be found. Every- 
thing must be done openly and above board. Even secret 
devotions must often be attended to, in presence of the crowd. 
I have seen a devout man, on a damp and exceedingly un- 
pleasant day, occupying his usual closet by the fence side, 
absorbed in meditation, and prayer, though necessarily ob- 
served by many oyes. I often sigh for some quiet retreat — 
some room, or corner, where I could, even for the shortest 
time, be alone, in communion with myself, and God : but in 
vain ! But, it is not only 'the observation of others, which so 
constantly interferes with devotion — the noise is incessant, 
making both study, and prayer, exceedingly broken^ and often 
confused. 

I find that Mr. Harris has succeeded in starting evening 
worship, in 24, where he, and Mr. Kinsolving are quartered. 
Would that it could be done in 23 ! 

Monday, 19th. — Adjutant Law^ conducted the morning 
service, introducing the exercises with Bishop Heber's Mis- 
sionary hymn. After prayer, he gave out that grand hymn 
of praise, by Dr. Dwight, 

"All hail the power of Jesus' name ! " 

These, with a chapter from the epistle to the Eomans, 
opened up the whole subject of missions, which I endeavored 

1 Before the war Adjt. Law was a student of medicine in Maury county, 
Tenn. Aroused by the faU of Fort Sumpter, he left liis boolss, to enlist in the 
154th Regiment Tennessee Volunteers. Was engaged in the battle of Bel- 
mont, Mo., wliich resulted in tlie defeat of Gen. Grant. Was afterwards, on 
the staflfof Col. Preston Smith ; and, in a short time, was transferred to a hos- 
pital, iu Memphis, as As.sistant Surgeon. Rejoining his regiment in Colum- 
bus, Ky., he was present in the battles of Shiloh, Richmond, Ky., Perryville, 
Ky., Murfreesboro, and Chicamauga. In the last battle, though his knapsack 
was pierced by a bullet, and the heel of his shoe was torn away by a cannon 
ball, he escaped unharmed. In 1868, he was appointed Adjutant of the 30th 
Georgia Regiment. With the Army of Virginia, he was engaged in the battles 
of the Wilderness, and of Spottsylvania C. H.— at which last place, he was 
taken prisoner and sent to Fort Delaware. He is, now, a Piesbyterian min- 
ister in South Carolina. 



564 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

to improve, by an address on the question, " Will the TIeoihen 
he saved?" As the subject is frequently adverted to, in con- 
versation, and in connection with the Bible studies, I en- 
deavored to enforce the orthodox views, and to give the sub- 
ject as practical a bearing as our present circumstances would 
allow — all of which was received with attention, and evident 
impression. 

By some neglect, on the part of the Comm'ttoe on Devo- 
tional Exercises, the services in the afternoon wjie deferred so 
late, that only a brief meeting was held, led by Capt. Walker, 
and without sermon, or address. 

My suspense was relieved, on the arrival of the mail, by a 
letter from Col. Purnell, who informs me that IMr. Culbert-on 
has been exchanged for another man, throuirh some mi&um.er- 
standing on the part of t'le Agent of Exchange. He says, 
however, that Secretary Stanton will demand an explanation 
in regard to the matter, and that he has given him a written 
order on General Hitchcock, for my exchange with any other 
person whom he (Col. Purnoll) sliall name. 

This is a strange affair; and has disappointed me much. 
After so jDositive an understanding by the authorities on both 
sides, it is impossible to comprehend how it could have 
occurred without some inifair dcallnGr. Culbert^on ousrht, 
undoubtedly, to have reported at onco, in person, at Washing- 
ton ; and even though this was not done, as General Hitch- 
cock had directed me to write to Hichmond, in regard to this 
very man, I ought to have been allowed to leave, immediately 
upon his arrival. What reliance can be had upon promises, 
or covenants, made by such people? I feel myself, in this 
thing, to be a grossly injured man. If the rights of an 
individual, in such a matter, are of but little importi^ncc, 
why should J 1)0 persecuted with such untiring persistence? 
To-morrow M'lll make fourteen months since niyai'rest; and 
what have I done, demanding; this lonsj and Avcarisome 
imprisonment ? Am I here, simply, for the 'private co.i- 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 565 

versation, at the bouse of a relative ? Such was tlie osten- 
sible cause when, so many months ago, I was torn from 
my large and helpless family. The longer I have been kept 
in prison, the more obnoxious I seem to become. Stanton says 
he has '' abundant evidence of my utter disloyalty ; " and that 
" no man, holding such sentiments as I do, can be a good 
citizen," The trouble is, they are mad because I have refused 
to take their oath ; and they are the more incensed because I 
am a minister of the Gospel, with some little influence. Well ! 
they can only go as far as God permits. At His bidding my 
chains shall fall; and their spite and wrath shall be made to 
praise Him. I shall continue to hope in His gracious j^rovi- 
dence; and feel, now, that I can do so with much less uneasi- 
ness, than during my suspense, notwithstanding the disap- 
pointment. 

Found it difficult, to-night, to get to my bunk, for the 
crowd that pressed into the room at the sound of the violin. 
The fiddler had taken a seat near the head of my resting-place, 
and was scratching away with all manner of tunes, and a large 
party jumping and dancing, with the greatest noise and excite- 
ment. I managed, however, to crawl up, where I found May- 
nadier reclining, and seeking a retreat. My feelings were little 
consonant with the uproarious surroundings. I managed, how- 
ever, to become a little abstracted, when Col. Hardeman came 
in, and spent an hour with me. In the midst of all this con- 
fusion, we had an animated conversation on some important 
topics of practical religion ; and separated, mutually comfor- 
ted from this talk about the things of the Kingdom, and the 
feelings of the heart. Before leaving, he offered me a more 
pleasant berth in 22, which I will try and find time to ex- 
amine to-morrow ; and will, perhaps, accept at once. 

Tuesday, 20th. — Fourteen months have passed, and I am 
still a prisoner. It is hard to realize the lapse of time. Thi», 
indeed, can only be done by reviewing the past in detail. 



566 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Sometimes it seems as though I shall find things in Delaware 
just as I left them at the time of my arrest, should I leave the 
Island now. But Oh, how weary and anxious the hours, as 
they have passed ! - — much relieved, however, by my constant 
employment. At the present I feel much more comfortable, 
than for weeks past, as with little hope for a speedy exchange, 
I can take hold with purpose and plan. How sweet the 
doctrine of a particular Providence ! 

I prefer to make a daily record in regard to the several 
meetings, by Avhom conducted, and the work done. I shall 
read it with pleasure (should my life be spared) in the days to 
come. I wish, also, to give my dear family a full view of 
current prison life. Others, too, among my peoj^le and my 
old friends, will be gratified. 

The morning meeting was held, as usual, under the awning, 
without which, I don't know what we should now do. Would 
be glad if our benevolent friend, who presented the sail, could 
step in upon us, and see what he has done. Mrs. Emley, too, 
— I wish we could write to the good woman, and tell her 
how much we thank her. Time will bring all these matters 
right. Capt. F. C. Robbins led, to-day, but offered no remarks. 
I spoke to the congregation on "The ajfflictions of the right- 
eous.'^ Unusual solemnity. 

Capt. N. A. Sturdevant, of the Virginia Artillery, occu- 
pied the afternoon hour, with an address on "The Law of 
Development,^' delivered under the auspices of the Christian 
Association, and as the first of a course of lectures on Literary, 
Scientific, and Moral subjects, as we may be able to obtain 
speakers. The Captain acquitted himself with great success, 
giving us a fine argument, delivered in clear, forcible, but 
extempore language, on the progression and retrogression 
which universally prevails, both in the physical and moral 
world — his object being, by illustrations drawn from the 
former, to impress us particularly with the necessity which 
inevitably and universally prevails (God only excepted) to 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 567 

advancement or retrocession, in all that pertains to mind and 
heart. The lecture was practical and impressive. Many, I 
have no doubt, among the multitude of hrarers who hung 
with riveted attention npon the words of the speaker, left the 
awning, realizing the truth of every word he uttered, as to the 
characters they are, here in prison, forming for themselves, 
either for a bright and noble, or a debased and besotted future. 
The manner of the speaker was rather vehement, and his 
style familiar. He would walk to and fro, strike the table, 
bend his body, and throw his arms, but in a manner not at all 
disagreeable; nor were many common-place words and phrases 
altogether out of place — especially, as he sometimes rose far 
above tliera, by a vivid imagination, several fine illustrations, 
and the introduction of some beautiful quotations. I wish we 
could have just such a lecture, at least once a week. 

After the lecture, the scene was varied, by a large gathering 
on the opposite side of the board walk. Not less than two 
hundred persons had assembled, at the sound of the violin ; 
and the voices of the men, personating African minstrels, 
could be distinctly heard, as many of us passed by, * on our 
evening walk. This jolly crowd continued their sjiort, until 
after dark, when the fiddler f jund his way into 27. I re- 
treated into a corner on the lower floor, where my good friend 
and brother, Capt. "White, had ornamented my table with a 
fine petroleum lamp, an article for which I had been sighing 
for months. The musicians and dancers kept up their frolic 
for an hour or two, at the other end of tlie room, and might 
have continued much longer, had not the sentinel, at length, 
commanded silence. 

Mr. Price (Frank A.), one of our politicals from Delaware, 
had the pleasure, this evening, of receiving his trunk, which 
had been denied him for weeks, leaving him almost shirtless. 
His good fortune — though minus two suits of clothes, which 
they " took " — was also luck to me ; as I became possessed of 
a fine apple and a luscious pear — fruits such as I had not seen 



568 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

for many a day. It was no small treat, and I luxuriated 
upon them, before retiring, with more satisfaction than many 
who will read this, can imagine. 

Five prisoners were brought in before bed-time, wlio have 
lately been confined at the Carroll prison, Washington. They 
report, on the authori;y of the evening papers, a victory for 
Gen. Sheridan, in Virginia, over Gen. E.irly, who is' said to 
have I'etreated through Winchester, with the loss of two 
thousand five hundred men, killed and wounded. Generals 
Rhodes and Gordon are also reported killed. A depression 
prevails, but the thing is credited, only in part. 

I retire, to-night, among the last in the division — many 
being- soundly asleep, and all confusion having subsided. 

Wednesday, 21st. — Adjutant Law called in, this morning, 
greatly distressed, on account of the reported death of his rela- 
tive, Major-Gen. John B. Gordon. He belonged to the Gen- 
eral's brigade before entering uj)on his division command ; 
and, being a first cousin, was closely associated with him, and 
loved him as a brother. He tells me, that his relative was a 
native of Georgia ; was about thirty years of age; a very fine- 
looking man; and that he was an earnest Christian, in mem- 
bership with the Baptist Church. Pie leaves a wife, and two 
children, whom he generally managed to have near him in 
camp. 

Capt. Charleton Morgan has, also, been in much distress 
about the loss of his brother, General John INIorgan. The 
news was announced, in an unfeeling manner, by one of the 
Yankee Sergeants, in 27, where the M(jrgan men are chiefly 
quartered — the Captain being one of the number. He thinks 
the General would not have been killed, but for his determi- 
nation (which he had often heard him express) "never, 
again, to be taken alive." This is the second son, which a 
noble, patriotic mother has given to the cause of independence, 
at the South. 



DUEESS BY FEDEKAL AUTHORITY. 569 

The Philadelphia Inquirer comes in, to-day, with a pomp- 
ous map, headed : 

"Sheridan's Glorious Victory! Scene of his brilliant 
triumph ! Map showing his movements on Early, &c., &c." 

The first column of the paper is headed as follows : 

" Victory! Glorious news from Gen. Sheridan ! Great 
battle of Monday! Fighting from Morning till Evening! 
Complete Rout of Early ! 5,000 Rebels killed and woundeil ! 
Sheridan in possession of the field ! 3,000 prisoners fall into 
"our hands! 5 cannon and 15 battle-flags capturt^d! Early 
driven with a whirl throut»:h Winchester ! Fearful loss among 
the Rebel Generals ! Rhodes, and Gordon killed ! Wharton, 
B. T. Johnson, and York mortally wounded ! Retreat of the 
enemy during the night ! Onr Cavalry in close pursuit ! 
General Sheridan moving rapidly forward ! The Union loss 
estimated at 2,000 ! Brig.-Gen. Russell among the slain ! 
Generals Mcintosh, Upton and Chapman wounded ! Great 
rejoicing over the victory ! Sheridan made a Brigadier in the 
Regular Army ! Grant orders a salute of 100 guns fired ! " 

This is a specimen of the newspaper flourish, with which 
we are insulted in prison. We are now cut oif from all 
sources of information, except tliis sheet — save now and then, 
when a new-comer arrives, with a copy of the Daili/ News, as 
did Mr. Garnet a few evenings ago. The influence of such a 
continual current of unfavorable matter, is not unfelt. All 
this falls in, of course, with the depressed feelings of those who 
always look upon the dark side. Any news, however, is 
better than no news; and we have, most of us, long since 
learned how to make allowances, for statements coming from 
a sheet positively affirming on one day, and stealthily retract- 
ing, after the supposed effl'ct of the mendacious matter. As 
for the news of to-day, it is taken with considerable margin. 
It is generally believed in " the pen," that we have met with 
a reverse; but the figures will be cut down, before the week is 
out. We shall find that most of the generals, reported mor- 



570 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

tally wounded, are still living; that Sheridan has had a hard 
time of it; that his lo-ses have been very severe; and that 
Early is still in the Valley, and ready to do a good work yet. 

Those who are accustomed to analyze, are confident that 
Sheridan has been badly whipped ; and that Early will soon 
turn up near Richmond, or Petersburg, where his services will 
be needed for an important work, soon to be consummated. 
They admit that a brigade, or division left on picket, may 
have been driven in, as it was not any part of their design to 
make resistance ; and the great "blow" about prisoners captured 
amounts to nothing — unless, perhaps, in regard to the sick and 
wounded, in the hospitals at Winchester, and those left on the 
field of battle. It is a remarkable fact, that the Yankees make 
no estimate of their own losses, which we shall probably find 
to have been immense. We shall soon see how all this is. 

Capt. John E. Roberts led the morning service. Mr. 
Harris made some good remarks, on The tendency to reaction 
after a revival, and gave some timely cautions. He then 
mentioned the case of an officer under deep conviction of sin. 
Other cases of seriousness were brought to the attention of the 
meeting by myself; and jarayer was offered for the inquirers. 

"Parson Thomas" occupied the stand in the afternoon, and 
preached from John v. 39 : "Search the Scriptures.^' The old 
gentleman is a great advocate of immersion and feet- washing, 
and found it easy to introduce sundry illustrations in the 
direction of his favorite topics. I regret this, as the inevitable 
consequence is excitement and, probably, controversy, which 
are AvhoUy out of place here. I have no disposition, however, 
to find fault with him, as he evidently means well; and with 
all his " wood, hay, and stubble," he has some genuine grains 
of gold. 

The chiefs of the several divisions have been informed, to- 
day, that the order restricting all correspondence to ten lines.^ 
for each letter, has been revoked. Jl notice to the same effect 
was posted on the outside of the barracks several days ago. 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL AUTHOEITY. 571 

Informed of this, as I supposed by reliable authority, I sent 
out several letters immediately. We now hear that five or six 
hundred letters, written on the same day, were all destroyed. 
Was this done to make a few dollars, by saving the stamps ; 
or from spite, because we did not wait for a more formal 
announcement in "the pen"? I hope there may be some 
mistake. 

g®"- " Grape: " — Two officers who were called out, to-day, 
report that in a conversation with Gen. Schoepf, he refused to 
grant paroles to certain officers, on the ground that, in four 
weeks from this time, there would not be a prisoner on the 
Island. Gen. S. is said to have gotten this information from 
Maj. Mulford, who recently left here with the sick and wounded. 

Letters, received to-day, inform us, that the prisoners who 
lately left here, to be placed under fire at Charleston, are now 
in the harbor of that city, on the steamer Crescent ; and that 
tired and suffering, they are alternately hoping and fearing, on 
the subject of exchange. 

Thursday, 22d. — Several Yankee officers came into " the 
pen" this morning, accompanied by a number of citizens 
dressed in black, and conducted by Wolff, who escorted them 
around the barracks, showing them the curiosities. They 
appeared to be highly entertained — quite as much as boys at a 
menao-erie. They were especially curious about the gambling 
booth ; and several of them actually climbed up on the benches, 
to have a better view over the shoulders of the crowd. From 
this spectacle they made their way across to the awning, where 
Lieut. Mayes was conducting the morning worship. I regret- 
ted exceedingly, that we happened to have a much smaller 
congregation than usual, and the more so, as our number com- 
pared unfavorably with the assembly on the opposite side of 
the walk. They remained during the singing of two or three 
verses, and apparently satisfied, they walked off to see other 
sights. This was rather a new thing. We, not unfrequently, 



572 UNITED STATES BOXDS ; OR 

have visitors ; but usually they succeed better in hiding curi- 
osity. 

A good deal of inquiry having been made lately, on the 
subject of Christian Assurance, I took up that topio this mor- 
ning, and endeavored to answer, as well as I could, the ques- 
tion, "How shall one know that his sins have been forgiven, 
and that he has been accepted of God ? " Felt deeply interested 
in the subject, and spoke with earnestness and comfort to my- 
self, and, as I hoj^e, with profit to others. A remarkable 
quietness pervaded the congregation, mv\ deep feeling was 
manifLsted by the brethren in prayer. I bless God for the 
times of refreshing. 

Brother Harris gave us a good sermon in the afternoon, 
from the M'ords, " God is love." For some reason the congre- 
gation did not assemble until late, and he was obliged to 
curtail his remarks. What he did say, was solemn, ins'.ructive, 
and likely to do good. 

The Inquirer still boasts of a great victory in the Valley. 
The names of Generals Ramseur and Imboden are added to 
the list of " killed and wounded" — making seven generals, in 
all, thus enumerated ; but no particulars, nor is it said, posi- 
tively, which of these have fallen, save Generals Rhodes and 
Gordon — leaving us to conclude that several of the others 
have also been killed. The slatcmeuts, in regard to the number 
lost by Early, vary from Jive to ten thousand. We look for 
a great modification of these flaming cards, in a few days; 
and suffer less than our enemies would suppose. The whole 
thing is intended to bear upon the approaching elections ; but 
the bubble will burst, and we shall see its folly. 

Simultaneously with the permission to enlarge our corres- 
pondence, the Sutler is replenishing his stock, and with little 
regard to the restrictions of a late order. To-day he received 
a load of apples, which of course were in immediate demand. 
As more money comes into "the pen," there will, no doubt, 
be abundant opportunity to spend it. Well ! Welsh will pile 



DUEESS BY FEDEEAL ATJTHOEITY. 573 

away the greenbacks ; and we shall be better fed, if it does 
" cok" 

The class in the Evidences is advancing well — onr hour 
for meeting being immediately after the morning service. 

No mail to-day. Sent a "personal" to the New York 
Neics, for my son, on the James River, as a more expeditions 
mode of reaching Kichmond than by the ordinary channels. 

Friday, 23c?. — Last night I had a dreadful nightmare; 
and my bed (or rather ray pallet), felt like a rough stone, or 
brick pavement. To-day, I have been aching all over — head, 
trunk, and limbs. I sent for Dr. Haynie (who, by the by, is 
again a prisoner — brought in the very day the other surgeons 
left), and was directed to take a Dover's powder, which, for- 
tunately, was jirocured for me by Capt. Harris, who ciilled 
to see me just as I was retiring. I kept my bunk all day ; 
suffering much, but was glad to find, that the Doctor did not 
apprehend anything serious. A great many friends came in, 
in the course of the day, with whom I had a good deal of 
pleasant talk, notwithstanding aches and pains. 

At the morning meeting. Brother Harris made a short ad- 
dress; and Capt. Samford preached in the afternoon. The 
latter services, I am told, were considerably interrupted by the 
noise and confusion kept up by those who preferred amuse- 
ment to worship. I regret exceedingly, that the interest on 
religious subjects seems to be growing less. Sometimes, the 
attendance at the gambling tent is quite as large, as under 
the awning. 

Got two letters this evening from my wife. She informs 
me, that she had received four letters from myself, simultane- 
ously, of different dates. Of course this will give some evi- 
dence of the manner in which we are treated about our corres- 
pondence. There seems to be no system, nor any arrangement 
with a view to the comfort of the prisoners. Tlie interrup- 
tion, last evening, was occasioned by the drunkenness of Wolff 



574 UNITED STATES BONDS; OE 

and Randolph, who were "spreeing" with the visitors ah^eady 
named. -^ 

Saturday, 24^A-Better to-day, though not well. Attended 
the meeting of the Association, but resigned my seat to Gen 
Vance, who is one of the Vice-Presidents, as I felt too unwell 
to preside. 

Adjutant Boyle introduced a subject of considerable in- 
terest; and made some very pertinent remarks on The increas- 
ing fondness for gaming noio exhibited in the barrach. Adjutant 
ihomas, a new-comer, followed him with a spirited little ad- 
dress, seconding all that had been said, and urging Christians 
greater faithfulness in exhorting and warning those around 
them. He instanced himself as an example of delinquency 
on the great subject under consideration, and regretted that no 
one had come to him, with admonition or advice. His con- 
fession and exhortation were timely. Pending an election for 
officers, which resulted in continuing all the old incumbents, I 
added a few words, endeavoring to impress the idea, that to 
decide in regard to the sinfulness of specific acts, amusements, 
or modes of life, we must not always expect to fiud the matter 
referred to in the Word of God, by any direct or particular 
announcement. The Bible does not profess to make out 
catalogues of sins. We are to take the decalogue, our Saviour's 
Sermon on the Mount, and the general teachings of inspira- 
tion ; and, in the study of these, reach the principle involved, 
and learn what is offensive to God. I ventured, also, without 
going into the argument, to affirm that games of chance were 
smful per .c_ suggesting only that my audience should take 
^vlth them that text, ''TJie lot is cast into the lap/' &c.,and that 
they should ponder it well. 

Just before the adjournment of the meeting, Wolff made 
his appearance on the sentinel's platform, near the awnino- • 
and addressing Col. Hardeman, who sat under the fence ex' 
claimed, "Colonel! you'll be off to-morrow -Richmond 'and 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 575 

Petersburg have bo:li gone up ! " At that moment, cannon 
were booming on the other side of the river, and all anxious 
to know the cause. Quite an excitement ensued — some im- 
agining sudden bad news — perhaps the very thing that Wolff, 
though drunk, had just announced ; others said it was target 
firing ; or, perhaps, they were trying the guns on the Delaware 
side. Presently the Inquirer came in, with another flaming 
head, boasting a second great victory over Gen. Early ; and then, 
in a short lime, the roar of the big guns was resumed, and con- 
tinued at short intervals, until one hundred shots were fired, 
in honor, (as we had by this time learned,) of Sheridan's 
wonderful exploits in the Valley. This is the greatest demon- 
straticm we have had during the fourteen months of my im- 
prisonment. I confess that for myself, I did not like to hear 
it. Others seemed to be but little affected ; and we were all 
sufficiently posted to know, that it constituted one of a series 
of efforts to help Lincoln, in the approaching election. 

A heavy rain coming up, in the afternoon, the usual ser- 
vices were omitted. 

I have written, thus far, in the midst of fiddling, dancing, 
song-singing, card-playing, and general conversations, inter- 
rupted several times by good friends, who came m to have a 
word with myself. I now close, with the uproar at an end, 
for the present; but with two card-parties quite near me, and 
earnestly absorbed in their perpetual amusement. 

Sahbath, 25th.— The morning was so unfavorable, that it 
was thought best to suspend the Bible classes, until to-mor- 
row. Eeligious services were held during the day, in three 
several divisions— I preaching, in the forenoon, in 24; Mr. 
Kinsolving reading" the service in 22, at four o'clock, P. M.; 
and Mr. Harris preaching, at night, in 30. 

. I don't know when I have had such a sense of failure, as 
in the effort to preach in the m:nniing from Matt. xv. 2-1: 
"If any man will come a/ter me, let him deny himself and take 



576 UNITED STATES BONDS; OR 

up his cross and follow me." Up to the very time for service, 
])ei*sons were continually calling; and not a moment Avas left 
for collecting my thoughts, or even for a review of some old 
notes. Interested in the subject, and wishing to present it 
forcibly, I had no satisfaction ; and felt, that my large congre- 
gation was rather enduring me, than otherwise. Mr. Harris 
was more effective, in the sermon after candle-lighting, from 
Heb. ii. 3 : "How can we escape if we neglect so great salva- 
tion f " 

Was invited by Maj. Bullock and Capt. Bennett, to be 
with them at dinner. Accepte 1 the invitation, and found that 
brother Harris was also a gnest at the same table. These 
hospitable gentlemen are of Morgan's old command, and mo-t of 
whom still c|uarter in 27. The Major has been one of our 
most active men in all of our religious meetings, from the first. 
Capt. Bennett, who is a very clever gentleman, and a follower 
of the " great Reformer," Alex. Campbell, has also been a 
frequent attendant, and has taken part both in leading, and in 
jirayer. A special dinner seemed to have been prepared ; and 
for a Sunday dinner, in prison, it would have been considered 
sumptuous, even in our better days, when boxes and other 
remittances had no interdiction. The dinner consisted of fried 
ham, sweet potatoes, Irish ^lolatoes, coffee, bread, and a splendid 
dish of choppid peaches, minus the milk, of course. The 
other gentlemen of the party were Majors Elliott and Lowe, 
Dr. Ilaynie, Captains Ellis and Cheatam, and Lieut. Cole. 
We spent (Mr. II. and myself) an hour in conversation, after 
dinner, with our hosts; and if he felt as I did, we would have 
enjoyed the whole thing much better, had it been any other 
day than the Sabbath. 

A " box call " was made this morning, for the first time, 
for a number of weeks. Only about a half dozen boxes were 
brought in ; but not less than two or three hundred persons 
congregated at the gate to witness the opening ; and all were 
anxious to know, upon what principle they were introduced. 



DURESS EY FEDEKAL AUTHORITY. 577 

It was ascertained, that new orders would soon be issued, 
allowing clotlies and other articles, with certain restrictions. 

Sj)ent a couple of hours, after the evening service, in Bible 
studies, which, notwithstanding much noise and confusion, 
were engaged in with considerable abstraction. 

Before retiring, a sentinel came in, and ordered an officer 
playing "Solitaire," to put up his cards. Our tables were quite 
near to each otlier ; upon each Avas a lamp, and the hour late ; 
but nothing was said about extinij-uishinn: the lights. An 
unusual move certainly, but more considerate than common! 

Monday, l&th. — The Bible classes assembled at the awning. 
About one hundred and fifty in attendance. At the request 
of two fragmentary classes, took the charge of them conjointly. 
The lesson was IMatthew iv. Was not able to go further than 
" the temptation.^' At the request of the Superintendent, I 
closed the school, making some general remarks on the lesson, 
for the benefit of tlie whole. A great movement this, which 
God will l)]ess. The usual morning service omitted. 

The Masons had a meeting under the awning, at twelve 
o'clock, to make arrangements to aid such officers of the bar- 
racks as are without money or friends. Many are very desti- 
tute. Some are ragged, and numbers are hungry. A man 
was seen, a few days ago, picking up a piece of bread, that had 
been thrown out by parties who were more abundantly sup- 
plied ; and on inquiry, he admitted that hunger had driven 
him to this extremity. 

The "r/rape," this morning, was very cheering, viz: — 
Butler and his whole array captured ; and Grant repulsed be- 
fore Petersburg, with great lo~s. The papers, however, give 
no confirmation. As an offset to this, "Wolff", who has been 
prowling around in disguise, has just passed out in haste (8 
P. M.) — his voice only recogflized — announcing the fall of 
Mobile. 

The evening service was conducted by Lieut. jMaekey. 
37 



578 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

Mr, Harris and myself, each, made a few remarks. " Tlie 
boys " hiive, again, bten trying to do somthing in the way of 
cooking. They have a hard time of it, however, for the want 
of wood. Every surplus scrap of timber is " confiscated " with- 
out delay; and depredations are beginning to be committed 
upon the board walks. This tjireatens to put a stop to the 
privilege. Notice lias been posted at the sally-port, caution- 
ing thieves to return the bo:irds ; or to prepare for exposure, and 
wearing the barrels. This notice is signed by the "Chiefs of 
divisions" — whether at their own instance, or by instigation 
of the Yankees, does not appear. They are riglit, however, 
as a few persons may, by this imprudence, cause many to 
suffer. 

Tuesday, 27th. — Have spent as pleasant a day, as one 
could well spend in ]>rison. Arose soon after day-light; took 
a g od general bath; shaved; blacked my boots; mended 
suu;lry holes in my old pants; occupied an hour or more in 
Scripture readings ; was engaged in study until the hour for 
morning worship; made an address at the meeting, from those 
words — " Ever foUoio that ichich is geod" ; an hour with the 
class in the Evidences; engaged during the interval from reci- 
tation to the inquiry lecture, in reading and study ; spent an 
hour and a half under the aAvning, hearing Gen. Vance, on 
the Law of influences ; walked about an hour, for exercise ; and, 
now, I am (at a quarter past seves) recording the work of the 
day. We breakfjsled as usual, about 9 o'clock, at our own 
t'.ible; and took our "tea-dinner" about 6 P. M., at the same 
friendly board, visiting the public dining-room only as long 
as was necessiuy to get the rations. Mid-day, between the 
two meals, I generally eat a crust of bread, or take such other 
" snack " as miiy be convenient ; and this is the way that the 
day usually passes, when I am in health, with some excep- 
tions — especially in the fact that the reading and study is 
often interrupted by the visits of friends and inquirers. To- 
day very few persons called. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 579 

Capt. G. L. Roberts led the morning meeting, simply 
reading the tenth chapter of i. Corinthians, and giving out the 
hymns. 

Although Gen. Vance had but a short time to prepare hia 
address, and labored under some other embarrassments, he ac- 
quitted himself well. Without preaching a sermon, he gave 
us some very practical and forcible truths, well-expressed, and 
interlarded with several good anecdotes. Among others, he 
told a good story about a man in his country, who Avas so 
ignorant and intemperate that he huzzaed earnestly and loudly 
for " JSrokenboncs " instead of Breckenridge. The General 
was not quite so poetical as I expected he would be — gifted 
as he is in that line. But he told us the power of influence; 
showed how all have something of this power; urged that 
whatever ability, or talent God has given us, should be 
exerted for the right ; that we should prepare ourselves to 
build up the waste places on our return to the South ; that we 
should avail ourselves of present opportunities for usefulness ; 
and that all good and ti'ue men should endeavor, prudently 
and wisely, to discountenance the gambling now so much on 
the increase in "the pen." So far, I have heard but one 
opinion, in regard to the practical tendency of the address. 
The good General deserves great praise, for the noble stand 
which he takes, on the side of virtue and religion. Would 
that we had many more such men ! 

Our Surgeons examined a number of sick men, to-day, at 
the instance of our island authorities ; and have recommended 
them as proper jaersons to be sent off, on the first exchange. 
Several of them were taken out of " the pen ; " and of these, 
five have been selected to leave soon. 

Several officers, who asked permission to be allowed sup- 
plies of clothing, have been permitted to write for what 
they need. Printed cards or bills are to be given them, which 
they are to forward to parties furnishing the clothing; and 
these are to be returned, pasted on the outside of boxes, as 



580 UKITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

autliority for the Express agents. This permit does not come 
too soon ; for many of our po )r fellows are scarcely able to 
cover their nakedness; or, with worn-out clothes, are suffering, 
even now, from exposure. 

Adjt. Boyle, who has been sitting with me for an hour, 
and who has just left, gives a favorable detail of to-day's news, 
which I had been unaMe to examine for myself. Forrest, it 
would seem, is establisliing himself on the road leading from 
Nashville to Decatur, by the capture of the principal 
depots;. and the Yankees begin to see the cutting off of all 
supplies for Atlanta, by one route at least. General Price is 
also in INIissouri, moving in two columns, with an army 
estimated at from ten to twelve thousand men. The Inquirer, 
however, still chuckles over the victory in the Valley ; and 
boasts of having put Early to total rout, and tlioroughly de- 
moralized his army. A reinforcement of prisoners is momen- 
tarily expected. " 

Wednesday, 21th. — "W"e have been reinforced by one 
hundred and fifty recruits, from the scene of the late fight in 
the Valley. They bring very conflicting accounts in regard 
to their disasters. Many of them blame Early for irregular 
habits, and bad management ; others deny any fault on his 
part, attributing their reverses to overwhelming numbers and 
surprise. The captures are put down at eleven hundred ; and 
with the killed and wounded, the number hors de combat is 
supposed to be about three thousand. All admit a defeat, and 
demoralization. Some are fearful as to farther results. It is 
stated that Early had been long trying to get Sheridan to fight; 
but failing, constantly, he had become careless, and scattered 
his troops, at great distances. It is also said that Gen. Grant 
had recently made Sheridan a visit, encouraging liim to move 
on; and told him that he had a corporal in his command who 
could easily whip the Valley Chief. Great allowances are 
to be made in regard to all these statements, as prisoners are 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 581 

generally very incompetent to make correct estimates. I am 
glad to find, that quite a number of these officers are professors 
of religion^. Among them are several field officers. 

Lieut. Slaughter conducted the morning services. Mr. 
Harris was unwell, and not able to attend. I spoke to the 
congregation on the sin oi Bachsliding — referring particularly 
to the wretchedness, ignominy and danger of such a state, with 
the injury inflicted upon the cause of Christ, by lapses into 
worldliness and sin. In the course of the evening, a Lieu- 
tenant, named , who has been seven times a member of 

the Church, came to me in distress, acknowledging himself to 
be a backslider, and seeking advice. 

Many of the new-comers attended the afternoon service. 
Maj. Bullock had the stand. No other person arising, I spoke 
to the crowd, from ^'Prepare to meet thy God.'' The seats were 
all full, and many stood. Felt earnest, and animated ; and 
great solemnity prevailed. 

After meeting, had an interview wi^.h Lieut. Gabriel Shank, 
formerly a Mennonite, but more recently a member of Rev. 
Thos. D. Bell's congregation, near Harrisonburg, Va. This 
young man — who came in last night — seems to be desirous of 
improving himself, and wants advice and assistance. 

Prof. Gounart has succeeded in obtaining an interview with 
his old orderly, Gen. Schoepf. Wolff had traitorously neglected 
to hand his letters to the General ; and after a long delay, he 
accidentally got to see him, as he passed through " the pen." 
They seemed mutually gratified in the meeting ; and a low 
conversation took place between them. To-day, Gounart was 
presented with a parole of the Island ; and what is still better 
— in consequence of some evidence of poor health — his name 
has been put down for exchange in a few days. 

The steamer New York arrived here, and went up, to-day, 

1 Lieut. George T. Lyle, of Virginia — captured at Fislaer's Hill — was 
brought in, about tliis time. Ttiis young brotlier, now a minister of tlie 
Gospel, In Greenbrier county, was an active, and efficient worker, in sundry 
Christian, enterprises after tlie release of the author. 



582 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

to Philadelphia for coal. She will probably return to-morrow, 
when a number of prisoners will b3 sent to "Dixie." 

The lights were ordered to be put out soon after dark ; and 
in the course of half an liour a sentinel came around, announ- 
cing, "You can burn your lights now until taps." AVhat 
irregularity, iudefiniteness, and inconsistency ! 

Captains Anderson and Byrd bit nightly at the foot of my 
table, poring over Sal lust. Quite a rage prevails for Latin, 
Greek, French, Mathematics, and other branches. Several 
classes have been formed, with competent teachers,^ whilst 
others are plodding along by themselves. 

I clo;-e this, with the sound of the violin at the other end 
of the room. A number of jjltsous are engaged in a noisy 
dance, which has been in progress for an hour or more, and is 
likely to continue until taps. A comic singer entertained a 
merry audience in the same place, somewhat earlier in the 
evening. The card-tables are also spread, occupying some ten 
or twelve persons. 

A cook named Charley, who is expecting to go South, paid 
six dollars per hundred (Sutler's checks) for twelve hundred 
dollars in Confederate money, new issue. Exchanges of this 
sort are constantly going on in " the pen " on a smaller scale ; 
the object generally being, to get current funds to spend with 
the Sutler for necessaries. 

Thursday, 2dth. — j\Ir. F. L. Galleher, a citizen prisoner — 
recently captured with Gen. Rodgers and others, in Loudon 
county, Va. — took the lead in the services, this morning; and 
made a very good address, on the great doctrines of faith, hope 
and charity. The afternoon services were omitted, in conse- 
quence of the distribution of the mail about the time for 
meeting. 

The transport Ncio York still delays. Several officers 
have managed to get their names on the list for exchange, 

1 Col. George M. Edjiar, and Lieut, Rodes Massey made themselves exceed- 
ingly efflcient ia this department. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEirY. 583 

who arc not qulie so sick as tli:!t tliej might not be worse. 
^' Money make? tlis mare go ; " ov, according t.) betti^' authority, 
"Wealth maketli many friends." 

Thj Inquirer, of to-day, announces an arrangement soon 
to be consummated, in the exchange often thousuid prisoners. 
Negotiations are already in progress, in a sly way, with the 
imderstrappe'.s; and some can speak almo-t with certainty, of 
their prospects. There is a mode of auctioneering, even for 
" exchanr/e." 

Col. Hardeman and Lieut. Southgate spent an hour or two 
with me, this evening, assisting in ihe arrangement of com- 
mittees for the now term. Efficient men will be brought into 
service; and fur those who will remain this fall, there will be 
an abundance of work to be done. 

After retiring, had a long conversation with one lying near 
me, on the Evidences of Christianity. Though very sceptical, 
he lieard me with respect and attention — ^suggesting, how- 
ever, such difficultit's and arguments as occurred to him. I 
M^as afterwards pleased, to overhear the same man, convcr-ing 
in an undertone, with another, who professed himsi If to bj an 
infidel, and confuting him with just such arguments as might 
be expected from an established ar.d reflecting Christian. 

Friday, SOth. — It was so cold, this morning, that we were 
unable to hold the services, under the awning ; and as no 
other arrangement could be made in time, they were omitted. 
At night, Capt. Carr, a pleasant young man of the Pres- 
byterian Church, took the lead, but declined speaking. Gen. 
Yance made some excellent remarks, on the value and import- 
ance of Scripture biography; and called attenti')n, especially, 
to some prominent traits in the character of Paul, which he 
held up fir the imitation of Christians. The General is a 
noble fellow, and himself an example worthy of imitation. 
Were all our officers as earnestly engaged in the cause of the 
Redeemer, we might hive a better hope that God would help 
us in our cause at the South. 



534 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

XVII. 

October. 

Saturday, 1st. — ^Is it possible that the second month of 
autumn has found me a prisoner at Fort DLlawate, and that 
too for the second time ? I have been badly treated. My 
encmit s are pressing me heavily ; but I would "■ consider Him, 
who endured such contradiction of sinners against himself, and 
faint not." God help me ! 

We have been again turned out of doors. The white- 
washers have been busy all day ; and the square has been 
covered with baggage, blankets, cooking utensils, and all sorts 
of extemporaneous fixtures, and odds and ends, such as pris- 
oners only know anything about. It has been so short a time 
since this business was attended to before, that it Avas entirely 
a redundant work — especially on so unpleasant a day, and 
with such exposure to the prisoners. A good appearance 
before the inspectors, who are expected to go around about 
once a month, seems to be the moving cause. They had much 
better inspect the quantity and quality of our bread and meat. 

We had a very pleasant meeting of the Association, in 22. 
The committees reported progress j several important resolu- 
tions were adopted ; and the names of the new committees 
were announced. Things are now admirably arranged, and a 
good work may be expected in the future. 

At the opening of the meeting, I read the first two para- 
graphs (Alpha and Beta) of the 119th Psalm, and commented 
about ten or fifteen minutes. 

Lieut. Boone, a young officer who anticipates the ministry 
in the Baptist Church, was the leader in the service to-night. 
Ho made some good remarks to a full house, in 3-1 (our old 
quarters), now occupied by new-comers. 



DUKKSS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 585 

Met with Col. Makamie in 34, an officer from Tennessee, 
with whom my son Frederick was once associated in Vaughan's 
3d Tennessee Regiment. Was gratified to hear him speak 
favorably of this son, and of his popularity in the regiment. 

Found it so disagreeable in 23, on account of the noise and 
some other inconveniences, that I have moved my effects into 
22, where I have Col. Hardeman, Capts. W. F. Eoberts and 
Shane, and Lieuts. Barclay and McFarland, as near neighbors. 
My bunk is in the third story, which gives me an impromptu 
window, with a view of the out-yard, the Sutler's sho]), a 
portion of the privates' barracks, and the tops of the vessels 
passing on the river. I can, also, afford my friends better ac- 
commodation, and be warmer, should I be here in cold 
weather. 

Col. Hardeman having written to Capt. Ahl, on the 19th 
of last month, asking sundry items of information in regard 
to the "Pea Patch,'' its purchase by the United States, origin 
and chronology of the Fortress, &c. — material perfectly harm- 
less — with a view to an Introduction to the proposed History 
of the Revival, received the following answer : 

' Respectfully returned to Lt.-Col. Hardeman. The giv- 
ing of the desired information to an enemy of the U. S. would 
be impolitic, and therefore the request cannot be granted. 

" G. W. Ahl, Capt and A. A. A. G." 

On visiting 34, this afternoon, found quite a number of 
officers wrapped in their blankets, and lying closely together, 
trying to keep warm ! What will they do this Winter? 

Sabbath, 2d. — The Bible classes were suspended this morn- 
ing, in consequence of the very inclement weather. Five ser- 
vices were held, however, daring the day, in the different 
divisions. At half-past 10 o'clock I preached in our old 
quarters at 34, to the new-comers, from Jer. xvii. 9 : "The 



586 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE- 

heart is desperately wiched." Had ratlier a small congregation, 
in con>equen(e of a mistake m de by the corn)^i';.?e in posting 
the notice; but the attention M'as remarkably good. Among 
my auditors were Col. Maokamie, and H. Lansing Burrows, 
son of the Rev. Dr. Burrows,^ of Richmond. Mr. Harris 
occupied the stand in 24 ; and preached, as I learn, an excellent 
sermon from the words, "Let me die the death of the righteous" 
&c. Mr. Kinsolvi.ig, at the same hour, read the Episcopal 
service in 22. At night, Capt. Samford gave us an admirable 
discourse, from i. John iii. 3 : " Whoso has this hope in htm, <£-c." 
The congregation was large and attentive. I have not been in- 
furnifd of the results of the meeting in 29, by Par.-on Thomas. 

Sunday is the day for all sorts of " grape." Plaving no 
paper on that day, we are sure, before night, to have Pome 
startling reports; and it is frequently difficult to know what 
confidence is to be placed in them. We are excited again this 
evening, Avith the ])rospcct of the speedy removal of all the 
prisonei's from this place. Capt. Arnett having been offered 
a parole for the day, was called out to have it arranged. He 
refust'd to accept the offer, as proposed, and asked a parole 
until cxchangel. Whereupon, he Avas informed by General 
Schoepf, that it would be of little value to him, as some ten 
thousand prisoners were to be sent South, within a few days. 
This statement has come so straight, and has been so frequently 
repeate;!, that many believe it, and all are more or less 
Ijopeful. 

Disagreeable weather all day — rain, mud, and a chilly air. 

Monday, 3d. — The damp weather continues. jSTo morning 
services. The recitation in the Evidences omitted — partly 

1 It woiiM be vpry pleasant to insert, iu this place, a letter from the Rev. 
Mr. narrows, now Pastor of tUo Baplisi (;!iurcli, liordontown, N. J , written 
neailytcu years after tlie above reoid. Delicacy forbids more t,i5;\ii the fol- 
lowin;; extract, wliich may be U'ieful to tlio>e who despilr of resnlls; 

" 1 V my exporieiite at Fort Delaware, three tilings I shall nev< .• forget:— 
* * * * (\l.) Wild profit, your sermon, delivered in our divi.sion, from the 
text. 'Tlic heart is dert-itf id above all thiur/s, lir..,' wliicli T feel, to-d::y, has had a 
naarlced influence upon my life. Perhaps, it did no more, at tha't time, Ihan 
anest attention ; but, it do'.ibt'ess was as the s"ed th it ran.a needs dio in tho 
earth, ere it flourishes in the golden harvest. I thinli, I shall remember that 
sermon, iu eternity ! " 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 587 

for want of a good place to meet, and partly in consequence of 
engagements on the part of sundry members. 

After dinner, organized a class in "Watts on the Mind ; " and 
had our first lesson under the awning — the ground being still 
very damp. The class consists of Lieuts. Caldwell, A. J. 
Wilson, Mayes, Brereley, Noble, Shank, and Bailey — all of 
them church members, and most excellent young men. 

I find my new quarters a great improvement upon 23 — 
having a more retired bunk, a warmer place, and more con- 
genial company. Most of the officers in 22 are gentlemen of 
intelligence, good behavior, and studious habits. A large pro- 
portion of them are professors of religion. We have very little 
card- playing; little or no swearing, and far more quiet, than 
in most of the other divisions. My bunk is in the third 
tier, and requires some hard climbing ; but I do not regret it, as 
it afi^brds a healthful exercise. Every man, on the same line 
with me (about twenty) is busy with his books, and several of 
them are members of my class 

Mr. Harris intended to immerse five young men, in the 
Delaware, at four o'clock. Wolff had promised to come in, at 
that hour, with a guard ; but the time passed, and the promise 
was not fulfilled. Special preparations had been made ; and I 
felt sorry for the parties, as they walked about in suspense, 
clad for the purpose in their worn-out garments. 

The eveniug services were h"ld in 30. A large congrega- 
tion attended — the result of a better arrangement in regard, 
to notices. Maj. A, Reed, one of the late converts, conducted 
the meeiing. Mr. Harris made a few remarks, urging Chris- 
tians to " stand up for Jesus." The singing (now under the 
direction of a committee of the Christian Association) was 
unusually fine. 

On my return from meeting, found Lieut. C. C. Turner at 
the far end of the "shebang," entertaining a crowd with comic 
speeches, representing a country debating club. He is a great 
mimic, as well as a first-rate singer. It was he who sent me 



588 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

tliose lines, last month, so full of tenderness and beauty, and 
" bequeathed " as " a Sabbath testimony." 

Had a long talk, bef ire going to bed, with Capt. H. K. 

S n, whose mind has been long troubled with doubts and 

fears. Like SL'veral others who have been inquiring anxiously 
about the meaning of Heb. vi. 4, 5, 6, he is making a personal 
application of the passage, and fears he has committed tiie 
unpardonable sin. His mind is in a dreadful state. Unless 
he is soon relieved, the consequences will be serious. 

Lieut. Boone informs me, that his friend, Lieut. T r, 

of North Carolina, for whom special prayer was made a few 
evenings ago, is now hoping in Christ. 

Tuesday, 4th. — The morning hours were occupied in study, 
and in hearing the recitation in the Evidences. The ground 
being still very wet, the class met at my bunk. Two of the 
ten were unavoidably absent. In the afternoon we ventured 
under the awning, and had a pleasant time with Watts. Capt. 
Wm. J. Reese, a new-comer, joined the class. The morning 
services were omitted, on account of the mud and dampness. 

Mr. Harris preached an excellent sermon at night in 25, 
on "The sufferings of Christ and the glory that should follow" 
— I. Peter i. 11. The division was crowded, and the attention 
close. We have never met in this division before. 

The occupants of 31, in which there has heretofore been a 
great deal of gambling, resolved, to-day, (with only three dis- 
senting voices), to banish the vice entirely from the room. I 
hope it will not be long before other divisions will follow this 
good example. 

Before meeting, went over the fourth chapter of Matthew 
critically, with Col. Hardeman, who is studying the Scriptures 
just now with great zeal, I have agreed to have an exercise 
of this kind with him every night. 

Mr. Boucher, a political ])iisoner, from Georgetown, D. C, 
and a former mess-mate, having served out his time (sentenced 
for one year, but commuted to six months), was, this evening, 
released, much to his joy and consolation. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 589 

Had a letter from my untiring friend, Rev. B. H. MeCown, 
who encloses five dollars ; and informs me of his continued 
efforts in my behalf. I rtjoice greatly with this dear brother, 
who has lately received full information in regard to the con- 
version, and happy death of his only son. 

No letters from my wife or children, from whom I ought 
to have heard several days ago. 

Wednesday, 5th.—'' The pen " is a perfect quagmire — in 
many parts ankle deep ; and were it not for the board walks, 
it would be scarcely possible to get about. 

A "box call" was made, this morning — chiefly remittances 
of tobacco from " Dixie." A few boxes of provisions, and 
some articles of clothing got in. By what rule, or ground of 
pg,'mission this has occurred, we know not, as the late order in 
relation to special permits (requiring cards on the outside of 
the boxes, enumerating the articles) has not gone into effect. 

The Sutler is doing a driving business. Loads of apples, 
bread, and miscellaneous articles come in every day; all of 
which are sold at the highest prices, notwithstanding the late 
decline in gold. The following schedule will give an idea of 
what those who have money, are now paying for comforts, viz : 
molasses, $2.40 per gall. ; cheese, 60 cts. per lb. ; butter, 80 
cts.; coffee, $1.00; tea, $2.25; tobacco, $1.25 per bar, very 
inferior ; sugar, 60 cts. per lb. ; sweet potatoes, 90 cts. per 
peck ; writing paper, 5 cts. a sheet ; envelopes, 2 cts. each . 
&c., &c.^ 

An interesting scene occurred, this afternoon, in the baptism 
of seven officers, subjects of the late revival. They had been 
waiting several weeks for an opportunity to have the ordinance 
administertd by immersion. There being two Baptist min- 
isters in the barracks, at this time, and the authorities inter- 
posing no obstacle, it was concluded to defer the matter no 

IThree months latT, the price of provisions had advanced to abont 200 per 
cent, on the Philadelphia marltet. According to Lieut. Lyle's jonr.ial of J:in 
1, 1805, the Sutler was selling meal at 10 cents per pound ; Iristi potatoes at $i 
per bush? 1 • butter, 90 cents per pound, and molasses at 82.50 per gallon. 



590 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

longer. The persons to be baptized were, Capts. G. L. Roberts/ 
B. E. Roberts, and Aud, and Lieuts. Mayes,^ Street, Tallant, 
and Huddleston. As most of tliese young men have recog- 
nized me as (heir spiritual father, I felt it my duty and privi- 
h ge to ac( ompany theai to the water-side. We marched under 
a guard of twelve men — brother Harris .and myself walking, 
arm in arm, at the head of the procession. " Parson Thomas," 
with the candidates for immersion, followed in double file. 
Three or f ;ur experienced church-members were added to the 
party, to assist in certain arrangements at the river shore. 

The procession moved solemnly through the gate, with the 
Yankee soldiers posted, six on either side. We had to turn an 
angle around the quarters occupied by the privates, and to pass 
in view of tiie hospital. It was a novel sight, for " Rebs " to 
be marching in that direction to the river. The poor " boys " 
peeped out of their grated windows, wondering at the scene. 

Oq reaching the baidi, ^Ir. Harris repeated a standard 
Baptist hymn, and the convert prisoners joined with their 
brethren in singing. Sundry Scripture passages were then 
read, after Avhieh each of the young men was led into the 
Avater about waist deep, when they were severally immersed, 
and then returned to the shore — Mr. Harris officiating in the 
baptism of six, and " Parson Thomas" closing with the seventh. 

No controversial remarks were made by the preachers ; a 
good spirit was manifested; and, with the exception of some 
loud talking by several Yankee officers, and girls, who at- 
tended, the scene was orderly and impressive. 

Dr. Woolscy spent several hours, this afternoon, in^examin- 
ing officers with a view to another exchange — the ostensible 
object being to select those who, from sickness or otiior causes, 
will not be subject to military duty for the next sixty days. 
The examination is made in the order o/" the divisions, com- 
mencing with 34. The day's work closed with 27. It is a 
singular fact, that some of the heartiest men in the barracks 

iSous of Baptist preachers. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 591 

have been chosen, whil^t some poor fellows, who certainly 
can't get through the winter (humanly speaking), have been 
rejected — some of them almost without an examination. 
Money and watches have been used fr.ely in the purchase of 
chances ; and it is supposed, that several, thousand dollars will 
scarcely cover the bribes. The count was nearly made up, 
before reaching 22, the last of the divisions. The num- 
ber of sick persons was "distressingly" larg-, and many of 
the dise.,ses curious. One man had been taking medicine for 
several days, to get himself in a good condition for inspection. 
If it were not for the injustice done several who are really 
in a suffering condition, and the miserable avarice of those 
who catch the baits, the thing would be amusing enough. 

Had letters from my wife, and Mr. McCown. They write 
hopefully, of my prospects of release. An order has certainly 
been given for my exchange with the first man (state prisoner) 
who shall be sent from Richmond. But, when will he come ! 
Examined several Scriptures with Col. Hardeman, before 
retirino— subject, Baptism. The Colonel, though a Methodist, 
has been immersed, his mother being of the Baptist persuasion. 
Suggested several thoughts, which had not before occurred to 
him, and which, I find, he has specially noted. 

Thursday, 6//i.— Great excitement has prevailed all day. 
During the forenoon. Dr. Woolsey continued his examination. 
The result made One hundred and sixteen men ve^-y glad ; 
whilst many, who had presented themselves, were disappointed. 
The company were taken oP.t; had their accounts adjusted; 
were paroled according to the cartel of 1862; and ordered to 
be ready to leave to-night or to-morrow morning. Nobody 
expected the denouement, f ,r a day or two at least— such being 
the order heretofore. We had assembled in 31 for the evening 
praytr-mecting, and had had a prayer and one or two hymns, 
when the call was made at the gate. It was necessary to ad- 
journ immediately, to give those in the room an opportunity to 



592 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

get their baggage. Capt. F. M.Wooten was reading a chapter. 
The confusion was great. In ten minutes the throng at the gate 
was numerous. We had scarce time to say "good-bye" to 
many of our best friends. 

Amonir those who have left, are a number of our most use- 
ful men, and several of the late converts. Capts. B. Tracy, 
C. L. Bennett, \V. R. White, G. L. Roberts, and Hubbard, 
Adjt. James W. Thomas, Lieuts. J. C. Bronaugh, Slaughter, 
Noble, Ilunley, and others will be greatly missed. We have, 
also, lost the chief of our division, Capt. Alex. Boarman, a very 
gentlemanly and popular young officer from Louisiana. 

I have dissolved partnership with my old friend and mess- 
mate, T s.^ We have sat at the same table for nearly fif- 
teen months ; and in some respects he has ])een very useful to 
me — especially in preparing my coffee, taking care of my 
larder, and as a helper in times of sickness. I have tried to 
repay him, according to my circumstances, placing all in his 
hands, and looking only to him for my meals. I shall not 
soon forget him, and wish him every blessing. But I have 
had to look over many foibles, and sonje very provoking 
things. Some things have lately occurred rather too much for 
my patience; and I felt constrained, to-day, to tell him that 
we had better part. I shall miss liis coffee, and neat tabic ; but 
he will also feel the change most keenly. I am really sorry 
for him, and wish him well. 

Found it impossible to gather the class in the Evidences, 
the excitement being so great. Managed to have tlie recitation 
in Watts, at the usual hour after dinner. 

The weather warm and cloudy; the mud still abundant; 
and the floors damp and disagreeable. 

Capt. Burrows called to see me, this morning, to get 
a few stamps, and some stationery. He came in with the 

1 Poor T. has gone to his reward. He is now, I trust, in the hetter land. He 
was the last one to give me his hand, as I passed out of the gate in leaving 
" the pen." I shall never forget his sorrowful look, as the tears ennrsed dowu 
his rugged face. He was a generous, warin-hearied, faithful fellow. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 593 

last lot of prisoners ; has no monej', and is, otherwise, 
in a very needy condition. As my eye fell upon the rough 
clothing, coarse shoes, and unhosed feet of this son of a dis- 
tinguished Richmond clergyman, I felt sad, and thought of 
my own dear son, on the James River, who, also, may be suf- 
fering for necessary clothing, if not for food. May God keep 
him from want in these days of adversity. 

Friday, 7th. — I am glad to find that quite a number of the 
really sick, and wounded got off last night. Others, who 
ought to have gone, were left ; whilst some of the stoutest and 
most substantial men in " the pen " were among the favored. 
A number of tricks were played upon the examining officer, by 
which he was effectually deceived, and the waggish " Rebs " 
luckily relieved. One man, who had a slight wound in the 
[iig, shavtd off the hair, and applying a mustard plaster to give 
it an inflamed look, was passed without difficulty. Another 
bound a cord around his leg, and by an adroit effort, removed 
it at the right time, so as to leave the limb in a swollen and 
apparently varicose condition, satisfying the officer of his in- 
ability to do any service for months to come. Another gave 
his arm a stiffened condition, apparently unfitting him for 
military duty. A young man, from Kentucky, had been at 
the hospital for severid days, in a state of utter prostration and 
debility, the effect of medicines which he had been taking for 
the very purpose. 

Bribes were unsparingly used. Indeed, the sergeants and 
lackies were running about ''the pen," all day, yesterday, 
taking bids and arranging for the exchange. A large, healthy 
looking officer gave a very handsome double-cased gold watch, 
and one hundred dollars in green-backs. An officer, in fin a 
health, was passed, instantly, as having a weak breast; and went 
off rejoicing, that it had only cf st him his fine gold watch. A 
very delicate, consumptive officer, from Arkansas, who had 
been iiispccted in a former examination, succeeded better ta- 
38 



594 UiS'ITED STATES BOJSiDS ; OR 

day, by giving a check on his banker, in Xevv York, or Phila- 
delphia, for $200. Some of the divisions were much more 
fortunate than others. No. 27, in which the Kentuckians are 
quartered (many of them monied men), was relieved of as 
many as eighteen of its inmates. Our division (22) lost only 
three, neither of whom were known to be more out of order 
than others around. 

Capt. W. M. Dwight was, this morning, unanimously 
elected chief of 22, in place of Capt. Boarman, who left yes- 
terday. An effort was made to get him to make a speech on 
the occasion; but he perseveringly refused. The Captain is a 
South Carolinian, a member of the Episcopal Church, Chair- 
man of our Committee on Education, and a very popular gen- 
tleman. 

The weather, to-day, has been so very pleasant, that both 
of my classes met under the awning. Capt. White, and Capt. 
W. F. Robbins, of the class in the Evidences, are among those 
who left. To Watts, we have had two additions. 

For about two months Ahl, and Wolff have seldom been 
seen in " the pen." Formerly, they were constantly passing 
to and fro. Some new order has been instituted, and business 
is now, mostly, conducted through the sergeants, clerks and 
orderlies. 

The Committee on the Sick and Destitute have, conjointly 
with a Committee of the Masons, raised a neat little sum, for 
the jmrchase of such medicines as we are unable to obtain from 
the Yankee surgeons. Medicines are often needed in cases of 
emergency ; and sometimes the most simple and necessary 
remedials are wholly inaccessible, except at the hospital. 

The congregation, to-night, in 28, was unusually large — 
some persons, who were unable to get seats, left the division. 
Preached from Isaiah iv. 7 : "Let the wicked forsake his 
way" &c. 

Took a cup of coffee, by invitation, with Cols. Hardeman, 
and J.N. Harrell, These gentlemen are mess-mates, who bunk 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 595 

quite near me, on the same tier. They do their own cooking, 
with the patent larap, which has become so popular, that in 
almost every division there are a number who patronize it. 
Others do their cooking on the bank at " the rear," the 
authorities having so far relaxed as to allow a few blocks and 
shavings to be brought in occasionally to assist the process. 
Many who have no money, and no cooking vessels, or who 
may be too lazy or indifferent, still adhere to the two rations, 
as they are, each day, prepared and issued by the Yankees ; 
but, very few, now, stand at the table. The custom is, to 
crowd into the dining hall, take the meat and bread, march 
off, and prepare and eat it at option, and according to fancy. 

Before retiring, had a visit from Capt. G. S. T s, son 

of Judge T s, of Columbus, Georgia. This is the same 

young man who lately addressed the Association on the sub- 
ject of card-playing, &c., confessing his own defection, and 
asking the prayers of the body. He is a lawyer by profession, 
and was, for three years before the war, a practitioner at At- 
lanta. He says he has occupied the position of President of 
a Christian Association at that place, and represented his 
Society at Charleston, in the Convention of 1858. He was 
also superintendent of the Sabbath-school in one of the Pres- 
byterian Churches in Atlanta. We had a long talk, and I 
endeavored to advise him for his spiritual good, for which he 
thanked me, and promised to make new efforts, in the fear of 
God. 

Retired late, leaving Barclay, Robbins, McFarland, and 
Shane still poring over their Greek. 

Saturday, Sth. — This has been a very cold, windy and un- 
comfortable day — so much so, that I have been obliged to 
keep my overcoat on, all the time, and in the afternoon, to lie 
down and cover up. It has been tooVindy to meet the classes 
under the awning ; and the cold has taken us altogether un- 
prepared for class-meetings, in the divisions. It is altogether 



596 UNITED STATES BONDS * OR 

uncertain what arrangements we shall be able to make for the 
future. If we could be allowel one of the vacant divisions, 
there would be no difficulty whatever ; but our masters have 
no spirit of accommodation, and we must do the best we can. 

We had an animated meeting of the Association in 22, 
commenciup- at 10 o'clock. A discussion arose in relation to 
an article of the Constitution, requiring the presentation of all 
reports in writing — Adjt. Boyle, Col. Hardeman, Lieut. 
Southgate, and Capt. G. S. Thomas severally delivering them- 
selves on the subject. A resolution was introdnc'd, and 
unanimously passed, recommending to the officers of the 
several divisions, to make arrangements for regular evening 
prayer; and if possible, to liave the service simultaneously in 
all the rooms. Capt. Dwight, Gen. Vance, and Rev. Mr. 
Harris, were appointed to wait upon the Chiefs of divisions, 
and to bring the subject before them. Each of these gentle- 
men made earnest remarks on the resolution — Col. Harde- 
man, who introduced it, spoke, with animation, f^r several 
minutes. The full result is not yet known. So far as re- 
ported, there has been a cordial response. 

The evening prayer-meeting was conducted by Lieut. 
Home, one of the late converts. Several brethren made feel- 
ing and effective remarks. Bro. Harris and myselfadded our 
testimony, and we all felt that it was good to be there. 

Got a letter from my wife, stating that she had received a 
communication from M ijor-Gen. Hitchcock, who informs her, 
that Secretary Stanton has sent him an order for my removal 
to Old Point, with a view to my being sent South, as soon as 
arrangements can be made. What those arrangements can be, 
I am at a loss to know, as bouts are constantly passing to and 
from the point of exchange. 

As I close this (10 P. M.), the wind is still blowing fierce 
and cold. Our awning has been wrecked, and a bad rent has 
been made in the middle of the sail. I fear we shall not have 
nmch more comfort under it. 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 597 

Col. Hardeman is, at this moment, descanting, quite 
eloquently, for the amusement of Barclay, Shane, McFarland 
and Roberts, on the subject of hunting, pointer-dogs, ducks, 
&c., &c. 

Saw an officer pick up a piece of stale bread, from the sweep- 
ings of 22, and hurry off, as by stealth, to eat it. 

"Twenty-two" has voted, with but a single dissenting voice, 
to adopt the recommendation of the Association in regard to 
evening prayer, and the first exercise of this sort was com- 
menced by myself this night — the chapter read being Psalm xcii. 

Sabbath, 9th. — A very cold night. Suffered much, my 
blood being too thin to be heated by the covering at com- 
mand. Oihers have been complaining; and the cry is, " How 
shall we stand it this winter ? " Occupied my bunk through 
the entire day, except when at worship. Kept myself covered 
with my blanket and comforter ; but found it almost im- 
possible to read or study. 

Capt. Samford preached to a full house in 22, from 
"Finallif, brethren, whatsoever things are true, &c.," Phil. 
iv. 8. His principal object was to show what sort of thoughts 
we should have ; and to enforce the propriety of a proper con- 
trol of the mind. 

Soon after service, "Johnny" (an official messenger) came in 
inquiring for " Dr. Handy." From my wife's letter of last night 
I anticipated, at once, what was meant. Accompanied the 
Sergeant to the General's office, and was delighted to find, that 
he had an order from the Secretary of "War, for my transporta- 
tion to Fortress Monroe, to be sent South — with the farther 
order that I should " not be allowed to communicate with any 
one by the way." This last, if interpreted literally, would 
even debar me from my family, and completely nullify the 
promise — made by Secretary Stanton, a few weeks ago — that 
I should be allowed to take my family with me. I suggested 
the difficulty to Gen. Schoepf, who kindly proposed to tele- 



598 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

graph to Gen. Hitchcock for instructions. Under these cir- 
cumstances, it became necessary, of course, that I should delay 
a day or two for the reply. The General permitted me to 
write, immediately, to Col. Purnell, and to my wife, with a 
view to expediting the arrangements ; and I returned to my 
quarters rejoicing, but fearing, on account of my wife and 
children. 

On my return to the barracks, great curiosity was aroused, 
as to the time, and certainty of my release. The facts being 
announced, I was immediately urged to preach a farewell ser- 
mon at candle-lighting. It was in vain that I plead the 
excited state of my mind, and the pain fulness* of such a task. 
Though an appointment had been made for preaching in two 
of the divisions, it was soon arranged for one service only, 
and that by myself, in 34. Very reluctantly, I gave consent. 

The Bible classes were consolidated, and convened in 22, 
to hear a lecture on the lesson from Mr. Harris ; it being too 
cold to meet under the awning, and no division being large 
enough to admit of the ten classes being heard by as many 
teachers at the same time. During the lecture, I kept my 
bunk, under cover, hoping to be able to collect my thoughts 
for the evening service. I found it impossible to do so, partly 
from the excited state of my mind, and partly from the inter- 
esting manner in which Bro. Harris addressed the class — the 
lecture being distinctly heard from my lofty bunk. 

"Thirty-four" was so crowded, when I entered for the 
evening services, that I was obliged to crawl under the first 
tier of bunks, over multitudes of legs — so densely packed 
were even these lower quarters. Every available spot in the 
division was occupied. All who could do so, stowed them- 
selves away in the several tiers, whilst the benches were filled, 
and numbers stood, jamming the room to its utmost capacity. 

With a realizing sense of my utter unpreparedness for the 
occasion, I announced my text, ir. Cor. xiii. 11-: '^Finally, 
brethren, farewell. Be perfect, be of good comfort, be of one 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 599 

mind, live in peace ; and the God of love and peace shall be with 
youJ^ God helped me ! Never have I before seen so much 
feeling in the barracks. Many eyes were suffused with tears. 
All seemed deeply affected. The effort was wholly impromptu ; 
and I had the consciousness of great leanness in what was 
said ; but the occasion was so overruled of Providence, as to 
make it effective, independently of any speciality in the matter 
of my remarks. After sermon, I found that the adjoining 
division (33) was also quite well filled with attentive hearers, 
who had gathered there, hoping to hear, though they could 
not see. I believe this scene will be deeply, and lastingly, im- 
pressed upon thS minds and hearts of many, to whom God 
will make it a blessing. Oh, that Eternity, at least, may 
reveal, that God has been glorified ! 

Monday, 10th. — The entire day has been spent in receiving 
calls from friends. Some have had messao;es to send to Rich- 
mond; many have brought their albums for autograj)hs ; others 
came, to hand me some material evidence of their regard ; all 
have desired to have some words of friendship ; and my poor 
heart has been overwhelmed with the astonishing expression 
of confidence and affection. Dear friends and brethren ! 
How truly do I love them ! As j^risoners, 

*' We share our mutual woes, 
Our mutual burdens bear; 
And often for each other flows 
The sympathizing tear." 

In the afternoon vvas called to the General's office. Found, 
that he had a letter from my wife, informing him that she had 
a telegram from Washington, allowing her to accompany me, 
with the children, to Richmond. He directed me to write 
immediately to my brother-in-law, Mr. Thos. F. Dil worth, 
requesting him to see that the family be at Delaware City by 
seven o'clock on Thursday evening next, to take the Erickson 
boat to Baltimore. I repaired at once to the General's office 



600 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

(the conversation took place outside of the Fort), and there 
wrote the letter, as directed, and another to Mr. John N. Handy, 
of Portsmouth, requesting him to take the oversight of certain 
business matters in New York. Mrs. H. is to leave to-morrow 
for Sussex, Delaware, to get the children, and to say farewell 
to her parents. The Yankee Sergeant, who accompanied me 
to and from the Fort, was astonished that I should wish to go 
South, where, as he said, " there is so much fighting." 

On my return to the barracks, a number of young men 
crowded around to hear the news ; and several of them followed 
me to my bunk, where I entertained them with sundry manu- 
scripts and papers ft)rwarded by my wife, aftd which she had 
been carefully preserving, for the day of my exodus from 
prison. These documents came to me like the face of an old 
friend ; and as I looked them over, one by one, rejoicing in 
their wonderful preservation, the young men seemed to be 
quite as happy as myself, in this little turn of prison life. 

The awning was removed, to-day, and transferred to Mr. 
Harris, wdio has appropriated it as a sort of mattress. 

Tuesday, Wth. — Tliis day was spent very much as yester- 
day — i\\Q number of visitors being not quite so great. Awoke 
with a cheerful heart, having experienced a more comfortable 
night than for at least two nights preceding — the weather 
being milder, and a shawl (which came with the papers of yester- 
day) making \\]) for all defici ncies. 

Many persons are suffering for necessary clothing. Some 
have not even a single change. Others are in rags. Indeed, 
there is a general complaint of unpreparedness for the winter. 
Numerous applications have been made for permits to write 
for necessary articles. It is not known, whether Gen. Schoepf 
receives the letters or not; but the prevailing impression is 
that he does not. In some instances, bills have b.en granted 
to send for clothing, which are to be pasted on the outside of 
the boxes on the return. No replies, however, seem to come. 



DUKESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 601 

and the result is an enigma. Gen. Rogers, Mr. Harris, and 
Mr. Kinsolving (with others arrested at the same time), are 
suffering much — their efforts for relief meeting no response. 

The Sutler got in a new supply of apples, and sweet and 
Irish potatoes. Scores immediately surrounded the door, with 
buckets, tubs, haversacks, tin pans, boxes, and every conceiv- 
able sort of vessel, to supply themselves. They actually pressed 
upon one another, taking the establishment by storm. Thirteen 
barrels were emptied in a few minutes. The apples sold at 
$1.00 per bail-bucket, and the potatoes at 90 cts. per peck. 

I have, heretofore, made no mention of the rats which 
abound, almost illimitably, on this Island. They run to and 
fro at all times, both night and day ; but are seen in greatest 
numbers about night-fall • at "the rear," where they burrow 
into the banks, and feed upon the garbage and filth. At such 
times they make a peculiar, low, purring noise, resembling the 
inarticulate muttering of many human voices. Sometimes, 
both Yankees and prisoners have a grand time hunting this 
vermin with dogs, ferrets, and sticks. A rat hunt took place 
to-day, with a dog brought in by some of the " galvanized '^ 
laborers. Not less than a hundred prisoners stood by, enjoy- 
ing the sport, and waiting to secure a good supply of game. 
Many large, fat fellows were caught, and carried off in a 
wheelbarrow — greatly to the joy of some of our Epicures, and 
particularly of Lieut. W. D. Hall, of Texas, who, with sundry 
compeers, had a fine mess for supper — and yet, I am told, they 
sighed for more ! 

The slime-fish, also, caught at " the rear," are not less pop- 
ular than the rats. The cat-fish are, usually, small, but the 
eels are, frequently, of the largest size. The supply (which is 
generally obtained from the inside of " Fort Sumpter ") seems 
to be inexhaustible ; and when skinned, they are in great 
demand at a good price —few persons manifesting any squeam- 
ishnees in regard to their mode of feeding, or the locality 
whence they are taken. 



602 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

The vote has been taken in all the divisions, in regard to 
holding evening prayers. lu 22 there was but one dissenting 
voice. In 23, three persons openly opposed, and four refused 
to vote. In 24 the service had already been established. No. 
21 gave a unanimous vote, and then expelled the faro bank, 
heretofore constantly going in that room. No. 26 ap- 
proved unanimously. No. 27 gave one opposing voice, 
but the person was ashamed to let himself be known. In 28, 
the motion was seconded by a man at the card table, who 
stopped " with a good hand," and lost his " chance." No. 
28 voted by ballot, in consequence of a suggestion from 
some one, that there was a disposition to force matters. To 
the surprise and gratification of all, the vote was unanimous. 
In all the other divisions, the m^sure has been approved, 
with like unanimity. Even the most wicked men (a few in- 
fidels excepted) seem to rejoice in the result. This is the best, 
and most important move yet made by the Association. Who 
can doubt what will be the effect ? 

Took supper, by invitation, with Capt. W. H. Bennett, of 
Georgia, — a clever, sensible, good-hearted, harum-scarum pro- 
fessor of religion. Found Ca])t. G. S. Thomas messing with 
him. Had a good table of cold meat, fried i)otatoes, fried rice, 
molasses, butter, bread and coffee — all prepared, with care, 
and pains, by the hands of my hospitable host. 

Mr. Kinsolving led our evening worship in 22. After 
service, sundry friends crowded to my bunk, where the various 
subjects of politics, religion, the war, prison life &c.. &c., were 
all, successively, on the tapis. 

Crept under my covering at a seasonable hour, thinking 
of my dear family, and n)y anticipated release. 

Wednesday, 12th. — Took breakfast this morning, by invi- 
tation, with my friend, Adjt. F. Boyle, of North Carolina. 
He is at this time bunking alone, and leading a real bache- 
lor's life. We had a nice breakfast of corn-cakes, hash, fried 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 603 

ham, light bread, butter, aud coffee, with sugar and condensed 
milk. The Adjutant had a patent cooking lamp, upon which 
be cooked his coffee, hash and ham ; the cakes were fried by 
his neighbor, Capt. Wiiitehurst, of Portsmouth, who has a 
home-made cooking furnace, constructed by joining, laterally, 
two of the long preserve cans, arranged M'ith a miniature grate, 
and a smoke-pipe made of a smaller sized can — the whole 
deposited in a small square box, and filled around with earth. 
Of these cooking stoves, there are many varieties in "the 
pen," according to the ingenuity of the contrivers, and the 
material at hand. 

Spent the day in entertaining visitors, and in various 
arrangements preparatory to leaving on to-morrow. 

Several kind friends have just put into my hand, various 
sums of money — all Confederate bills, old and new issue. 
The kindness and attention of these noble fellows is sometimes 
almost overwhelming. May God reward them ! 

Took tea, by invitation, with my excellent friend and 
brother, Lieut. Lewellyn Southgate, of Norfolk. His mess- 
mate is Captain Spencer, a cousin, who is a modest and intel- 
ligent young man from King and Queen county, Virginia. 
We had a comfortable supper, of hash, bread and butter, tea, 
and coffee, prepared as the breakfast of this morning, on a 
cooking lamp. 

Availed myself of the quiet of meeting hour, to attend to 
some necessary writing — but regretting to miss two meetings, 
in succession, after a constant and unwearied presence, nearly 
every day and night during my imprisonment. 

By request, conducted evening worship in 27 (Morgan's 
command), aud made a little talk, in view of my expected 
removal, to which the entire company listened with the most 
respectful attention. 



604 U2IITED STATES BONDS) OR 



CONCLUSION. 

I left the Fort in charge of a Lieutenant, named Lewis. 
We crossed the river in a Government row-boat. It was 
abont dark, and the clouds were lowering. Tlie water had 
a strange black look; and as the Yankee sailors jilied their 
oars, I had mingled feelings. I was leaving friends, to go to 
friends. It would be pleasant, to see my dear family; but I 
was still a prisoner, and the future seemed dark. I felt, even 
in the prospect of a speedy release, like Paul, who, going 
bound in the Spirit, to Jerusalem knew not the things that 
should befall him there. 

I found my wife in waiting, at the hotel. She had been 
watching, all the evening, and had nearly given me up, A 
scene ensued which may be better imagined than described. 
A number of friends accompanied her. Besides the relatives, 
Capt. Jefferson, his estimable wife, and his amiable daughter, 
Lydia — all of them true and tried ones — were there, to greet 
their old pastor. They met me with tears in their eyes ; and 
the glad embrace was as cordial with them, as from the wife, 
and little ones, who had been first to salute me. 

Other friends gathered to the scene. They w^ere not 
allowed an entrance ; for a grim Dutchman stood sentinel at 
the parlor door, with orders to permit no intercourse, except 
with my immediate family. It was a useless requirement. A 
pair of folding doors were thrown open, as soon as the guard 
assumed his post, and a number of persons came into the ad- 
joining room by a back entrance. The front window shutters, 
also, flew back. A crowd, had gathered on the porch ; and 
everybody felt at liberty to look in upon the prisoner, or to 
give him a hurried salutation as opportunity afforded. 

The old Ericlzson came soon, puffing and blowing, into the 
lock across the wav. Time was short. There was an order to 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 605 

move. The Lieutenant led off. Then came the captive, his 
wife, and five children following. The Dutchman brought up 
the rear, musket in hand. Friends pressed around. Every 
one was anxious to render assistance. One took cliarge of the 
baby. Each of the children had an escort. Some carried the 
baskets; others lifted the trunks. I dropped my glove in the 
crowd, and was unwilling to lose it, for I was going South. 
A hundred eyes were immediately on the search, and not- 
withstanding the darkness, it was soon found. 

We were hoisted over the railing; and in a few moments 
the sturdy steamer was struggling through the canal, bearing 
her red lights farther and farther, from the anxious vision of 
the loved and left behind. 

We had a delightful trip across the bay. On beard we 
met with the Rev. Mr. Owen, of Baltimore, who slipped a 
timely " greenback " into the hand of his old fellow-student, 
with the remark, that a generous lady had made him her 
banker for just such emergencies. 

In Baltimore, sundry friends met us at the • harf. Lewis 
was not strict, and we were allowed to commune with them. 
A son of seventeen summers,^ who had been sojourning with 
his uncle, now joined the family gathering, and thus Gen. 
Lee obtained a recruit for his army, and Gen. Stevens a 
private courier. We were not so fortunate in meeting our 
amiable daughter. Tossed and troubled as she had been by 
the Radical persecutions, we had hoped to cheer her, by having 
her near us. By some mishap the arrangement failed, and we 
were obliged to leave without her. To her parents the disap- 
pointment was a sad one ; and to herself the consequences were 
irreparable. 

We arrived at Old Point on Saturday morning, October 
the fifteenth. Gen. Butler was absent. It was long before we 
could find the Provost Marshal. He was a young man, full 

1 Moses P. Handy, liow of Richmond, and one of the Editors of the " Daily- 
Dispatch." 



606 UNITED STATES BONDS ; OE 

of the dignity of office, and very reserved. An Eastern Shore 
acquaintance gazed in amazement, as the prisoner and cortege 
(wife, and seven children) were marched up to the quarters, by 
the Lieutenant and his guard. The Marshal Avas indisposed 
to answer questions; and Mrs. Handy became nervous. It 
was necessary to hoist a window. A glass ofM^aterwas also 
handed ; and thus a scene was prevented — for she would soon 
have fallen to the floor. 

The stiff officer relaxed, and seemed inclined to favor us. 

"If I give you a parole," he asked, "can you pay your 
expenses at the hotel ? " 

With the very high rates of board, uncertainty of leaving 
for several days, and a limited purse, I felt unprepared to 
accept the proposal ; and was the less inclined to do so, as I 
had already incurred expenses which ought to have been paid 
by those who held me a prisoner. Impressed also with the 
injustice of any outlay on my own part, he soon found that 
" Uncle Sam " must foot the bills. 

" You will have to go to the House of Detention," was the 
indifferent reply. 

The'" Plouse of Detention ! " I thought of the House of Cor- 
rection, and the House of Refuge : but this " House of Deten- 
tion " — what could it be ? I feared we should get into some 
low quarters ; and that now my family must suffer with me, 
the subjects of insult and privation. What could I do ? 
There was no alternative. 

After some delay, an ambulance drove up to the door, fol- 
lowed by a cart, bearing the baggage from the wharf. The 
drivers cracked their whips, and we now discovered, that we 
were detailed for Camp Hamilton, about two miles distant 
across the marsh. 

We hauled up at an unpainted cottage, near the water- 
side. On the left stood a larger, and more imposing building; 
and hard by, on the same side with the cottage, was an enclos- 
ure for prisoners. An officer stepped out, and approaching the 



DURESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEITY. 607 

ambulance, politely assisted Mrs. Handy and her little ones to 
descend from the rear of the vehicle. This officer was Capt. 
Blake, of Maryland, to whom we were afterwards indebted for 
respectful attentions. 

On entering the cottage, we found it entirely vacant. There 
were several good rooms, furnished with beds, chairs, and other 
comforts, which, to one just from the cheerless bunks of a 
prison, seemed really delightful. 

The Sergeant made a fire in the grate, and informed us, 
that for about three dollars a day he could furnish us with a 
great improvement upon the prisoners' rations. A bargain 
was struck immediately, and we were really so pleasantly 
situated, that I rejoiced having escaped the hotel, and tried to 
persuade myself, that we were visitors at some calm retreat, in 
search of rest and health. 

After a delightful siesta upon a soft bed, (without its fur- 
niture), I was glad to obey the call to dinner. The table was 
neatly spread, and I thought we had an admirable dinner. 
Mrs. Handy admitted, that it was good enough ; but she 
lacked the experience, which, on my part, aroused the enthusi- 
astic plaudit, Capital ! Capital ! 

AVe spent four days at the " ITouse of Detention ; " and were 
suddenly ordered to the steamer "Greyhound," on Tuesday even- 
ing. I confess to a sort of sympathy with the members of my 
family, who now dreaded the interview with the tyrant at the 
Fortress. Mrs. H. was unable to conceal her agitation ; and 
the burly driver gave her no relief in his remark — 

" Well ! you mai/ be afraid of him, madam ! He is a per- 
fect brute; and ought to have been shot long ago." 

As we approached the landing, the gleam of a thousand 
lights beamed, like so many stars, in the dusk before us. A 
large fleet was lying in " the Roads." We entered the steamer, 
over piles of boxes and trunks. Before reaching the stairway, 
I had the misfortune to snag my best pants upon a broken 
hoop, that protruded from one of the trunks. This accident 



60S "UNITED STATES BONDS ; OR 

increased ray nervousne?s, and became an annoyance, in the 
momentary prospect of the expected interview. 

At the head of the stairway, I came suddenly upon a sour 
looking person, whom I immediately decided to be Gen. 
Butler. I was in no mood to speak to him — for I felt as 
savage as the stranger looked. But it was proper to make 
some recognition; and habit, as well as policy, constrained a 
" nod," extorting, at the same moment, a gruff " How do you 
do, sir?" 

A step or two farther, and lo ! what a mistake ! It was 
not Butler ; but my own veritable self, to whom, in my con- 
fusion, I had paid such obeisance. The deception was occa- 
sioned by an enormous mirror, which covered the headway, on 
the rise of the stairs. The truth is, it had really been so long 
since I enjoyed a full survey of my own personnel — now, too, 
somewhat altered by long confinement, and unusual dress — that 
the mistake was not so bad, after all. I was not flattered, 
however, by this singular substitution; and my wife felt it 
keenly, for,, said she, "If you looked anything like that man, 
I would get a divorce." 

Presently, we sat down in the saloon, rurainnting upon the 
probability of a strict search among our effects, the loss of my 
journal, and the extreme disagreeableness of the shortest in- 
terview with a Major-General, who had sentenced one min- 
ister of the Gospel to stable cleaning at Hatteras, and another 
to street-sweeping at Portsmouth ! ! 

The trunks were piled upon the lower deck ; and the 
carpet-bags, baskets, etc., &e., were snugly hid away under 
the table. We were surprised that tlicre was no call for the 
keys. Not a thing was disturbed ; not a hint was there, from 
officer or subordinate, in regard to the quantity lof the b:iggage, 
or the contents of "great box, little box, band-box or bundle." 
We had nothing contraband; but had there been, tlie result 
would have been the same. We were uujnolested; and took, 
safely, to Richmond, five trunks, two valises, a band-box, and 
a corresponding supp\v of baskets and bundles. 




THE MISTAKE. 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY. 609 

The children fell asleep on the side h>unges in the saloon, 
and we still waited the arrival of some messenger, Avho should 
summon us into the audience chamber of the Major-General 
of the Department of Virginia — for it was to him, we were 
" to be handed over," by the express language of the order 
from the Secretary at Washington. 

Presently, a gay young officer, with flaming sash, and 
dangling sword, came bowing into the room. Displaying a 
pair of splendid gauntlets, as he held his cap a la mode, he 
stood before us, a picture of military grace. Approaching the 
centre of the apartment, where Mrs. H. occupied a seat by my 
side, he politely remarked : 

" We have but two state-rooms on the boat, sir, and the 
larger one is occupied by Mrs. Gen. Butler. The other is 
quite small ; but it is at your service, if you can use it, to the 
comfort of your family." 

This was an unexpected attention, as we were resigning 
ourselves to the prospect of a wearisome night, in the open 
saloon. Grateful for an invitation so apropos, it was accepted 
■without hesitation, but not until I had inquired : 

"To whom am I indebted, sir, for this generous pro- 
posal ? " 

"My name," he replied, "is Dekay— Lieut. Dekay, of 

Gen. Butler's staff." 

The clever Lieutenant immediately offered his assistance, 
and the sleeping children, with all the lighter baggage, were 
removed to the narrow, but otherwise comfortable state-room 
below stairs. Several trips were made back and forth — the 
officer still attending — until, feeling somewhat embarrassed 
by his presence, I excused his farther assistance, and he 
respectfully retired. We were afterwards offered the services 
of the chambermaid, by the same officer, Avho tapped gently at 
the room door as we were adjusting the pallets for the little 



ones 



We were just about retiring, when a rap was again heard 
39 



610 UjS'ited states bonds ; OR 

at the door, and a third time we opened to our polite Lieu- 
tenant, who informed us that the tab'e was waiting below, and 
that G. neral Buller would ba happy to have (;ur company to 
tea. The courtesy df this new friend was now becoming op- 
pressive, and we thought it best to remain in statu quo. 
Fatigued and excited, the invitalion was pleasantly declined, 
and we were satisfied to occupy the neat berths, sleeping away 
the night with dreams of home, and better days. 

In the morninuc we f mud ourselves at Aiken's Landino;, 
where Gen. Mulford made the necessary arrangements for our 
removal to the Confederate lines. Gen. Butler remained on 
board until the baggage was ready feir transfer, and then rode 
off on a gay charger, which a sergeant had been holding, for 
some hours, at the foot of the gang-boarel AVe had a short 
row up the river, and stopped at a pleasant mansion, wdiere we 
were kindly entertained with a number of j)risoners, who were 
awaiting transportation. It was not long before the ambu- 
lances moved off, bearing their precious loads to the next land- 
ing; and as the procession stretched along the road, the scene 
was exciting, and many hearts were glad. 

It seemed to be necessary to circumambulate the woods a 
distance of two miles, to reach the Confederate boat, Avhich was 
lying only a few rods up the James — for Dutch Gap was hard 
by, and some mysterious operations were in progress, at the 
famous canal, which curious Kebels must not see. 

AVe were soon at Varina, rejoicing in the prospect of a 
speedy reunion with friends, if not *' in the land of tlie free," 
yet certainly at home — "the home of the brave." We were 
assured by thesight of the familiar old steamer " Curtis Peck," 
and the well-known face of her commander, Capt. Z. C. 
Gifford. There she was — the same old thing — the worse 
for the wear, it is true; marred, broken, soiUd, indeed almost 
a wreck; but, it was the "Ilichmoud boat," still faithfully 
plying to and fro, in the service of the South ; and when we 
stepped aboard the old hulk, there was not a man of us who 



DUEESS BY FEDERAL AUTHOEIIY. 611 

could not have hurraed fur the veteran steamer, more beau- 
tiful, and more glorious in our eyes, a thousand fold, than the 
magnificent ^^ Greyhound" which we had just left, in all her 
gilded glare. 

The officei-s of exchange were busily stirring about. Col. 
Ould, Capt. Hatch, and a few others were in their holiday 
clothes ; and the Confederate gray never seemed more illus- 
trious or impressive ; and though, in comparison, the poor 
" boys" were shabby enough, it was well understood that they 
were returning from bonds and sufferings, with hearts still 
beating warm for liberty and State rights; and as they 
marched aboard the war-worn vessel, the, band discoursing a, 
well-knowu air, every heart echoed the exhilarating response, — 

" In Dixie's laud I'll take my stand, 
And live and die in Dixie." 

As we moved up the James, numerous Confederate steamers 
were noticed at their moorings; and presently the flag-ship 
Virginia — long anxiously looked for— was brought conspicu- 
ously to view. Indeed, we were now side by side ; many eyes 
gazed from boat to boat, all desiring to know who is there ? — 
who comes ? Soon " face ansM^ered to face ; " and it was not 
long before one family, at least, was made happy in the fond 
embrace of a long absent son and brother, whom God had 
cared for, and watched over by night and by day, through 
long months of exposure and suffering, " ou the wave, and 
on the shore." 

We got to Eichmond about dark ; and were soon trans- 
ported, by special arrangement, to the residence of our hospit- 
able friend, Samuel T^I. Price, of Church Hill. Here, for sev- 
eral weeks, and in those hard times, we were fed, warmed, and 
nursed by cordial hearts, and Christian hands ; and now, after 
the lapse of years, we look back with grateful recollections to 
the scenes of that happy home. 



612" UNITED STATES BONDS, &C. 

How strange the way by which God has led His servant ! 
It was a way that he knew not; but it was a way of blessing. 

" The sorrows of death compassed me, and the pains of 
hell gat hold upon me : I found trouble and sorrow. Then 
called I upon the name of the Lord ; O Lord, I beseech Thee, 
deliver my soul ! I was brou<iht low, and He helped me. 
What shall I render unto the Lord for all His benefits towards 
me? I will take the cup of salvation, and call upon the 
name of the Lord. I will pay my vows unto tlie Lord, now, 
in the presence of all His people. O Lord, truly, I am Thy 
servant; I atn Thy servant, and the son of Thy handoiaid : 
Tliou hast loosed my Bonds ! " 



-APPENDIX. 



A, 

Letter I. — To the Delaware Eepublican. 



Port Penn, Jwne 29th, 18G3, 

Mr. Editor: — Last Sabbath, the Presbyterian congregation here were 
entertained by one of the former Chaplains of the Rebel Army : and we 
doubt not that the loyal portion (which constitutes about nine-tenths of 
the attt-ndints), will feel quite indignant and somewhat mortified when 
they hear the true sentiments of the reverend gentleman who occupied the 
pulpit on that occasion. 

Rev. I W. K. Hand}', formerly pastor of the Port Peuu andDrawyera 
churches, went South before the Rebellion, and preached at Portsmouth. 
Little was heard from him after postal communication between the hostile 
sections was suspended. Occasionally the Dil worth lamily (Secessionists), 
from which he got his wife, received some intelligence of his whereabouts 
and condition: the substance of which was (according to report) that his 
congregation being unable to support him, he had enlisted as Chaplain ; 
and that he was engaged one Sabbath in throwing up Rebel entrench- 
ments. We give the last assertion as a rumor merely, for the facts 
which will be stated below are amply sufficient to prove his disloyalt}-, 
without the least exaggeration. 

He was always known as a Southern man while in charge of the above 
named churches, and showed decided proclivities to Southern institutions 
at the ballot-box and in religious bodies. No one dared to interfere with 
him in the enjoyment of such privileges, so long as he remained loyal to 
the Government which gave him protection and support. There were 
many in his congregations at that time of similar views, and he was none 
the less respected and esteemed by his political opponents on account of 

(613) 



614 APPENDIX. 

them. Tliat crisis, however, which drew a dividing line between the 
friends and cneniifs of tlie country, phiced him, it is laraeutablo to say, 
with the latter. Wo have too mucli regard for the constitutional rights 
of our citizens to arraign any one who is simply a political opponent, and 
it is only wlien in the midst of a terrible war for tiio restoration of the 
Nation do we bring before the public those who by word and deed are 
secretly aiding and comforting those in arms against the Government. 

No personal grudge or selfisli motive induces tiiis exposure of treason. 
"We believe that the interest of this community, as well as the whole coun- 
try, d2mau(]s that all persons uttering treasonable language, whellicr Rebel 
sympathizers among us, or temporary sojourners from the seceded States, 
be reported to the military authorities and taken into custody. It Is 
owing to tlic unwarrantable leniency in this respect, manifested by ihe 
powers tliat be, that the Rebellion has obtained its present immense pro- 
portions. The Administration has long since seen the folly of abused 
liberty of speech in times like tliese, and at last acknowledges that the 
salvation of the country depends mainly on tightening the yoke of restraint 
on the tongues of its refractory subjects. 

We therefore feel bound as a Home Guard for State prolcclion to in- 
form the ^Marshal that the minister of tiie Gospel above named, after taking 
the oath of allegiance and getting a permit from 3Inj.-Gen. Dix to visit 
his friends in Delaware, did sa3'.in tlie presence of several witnesses, near 
the village, that " lie did not regard the American flag any more than a 
rag, for it belonged to a Government of tj-ranny and oppression." 

Injustice to Mr. Gaylord (pastor at Port Penn), we would say that be 
was not aware of Mr. Ilandy's being so averse to our flag and country, or 
he would not have allowed him to enter the Sanctuary. 

Only one man among tliosc who did know his sentiments, had the 
courage to treat a traitor as every truly loyal man feels he should be 
treated, and that was the unswerving, uncompromising, intrepid patriot 
of this section, George W. Karsuer.* Since the assault on Fort Sumptcr, 
no one has had any doubt of his fidelity to the old flag, for it has not 
ceased to wave proudly over the heights of his n: uision, rilonterey, when 
there was a victory to rejoice over or an anniversary to c( lebratc. For a 
long time his was the only flag seen in the neighborhood, and his voice 
the only one that gave treason its merited rebuke. "When the preachei" 
alluded to came to greet him at church, he refused, saying : " I cannot 
give my hand to the enemy of my countrj'." He said just what he felt, 
and it was an emotion of genuine patriotism that prompted the remark. 
Is it not more honorable and candid to speak thus than disguise thf; 
thoughts imder the garb of hypocrisy ? If there could be any justifiable 
grounds for being a Southern sympathizer, Jlr. Karsner might well plead 

* It was lliis person., wl)0, ns n wit sir ss i:i t'.ie J i nson-im"o.iohnient Trial, 
menacod Gen. Tlionias with the reminder, " The eyes of a'.l Delaware are upon 
you, fciir!" 



APPENDIX. 615 

them, for he is not only a native of Ihe South, but all his relatives live 
there. His only brother resides in Alabama, and several of his nephews 
are in the Eebel Army. The strongest ties of affection cannot alienate 
him from the country which gave him his friends, his home, his all ; and he 
feels that his first duty is to protect and defend this immortal Govern- 
ment, if in so doing he be arrayed in mortal combat against the dearest 
relations of earth. At the age of three-score years, he is found in the 
tented field, with the noble Fifth Delaware. Long may he survive this 
bloody conflict, and spend his declining age in the peaceful pursuits of 
agriculture. 

Company A. 



Letter II. — To the Delaware Gazette. 



THE REV. DR. HANDY. 

Mr. Editor : — Observing in j^our Gazette of yesterday a statement that 
my son-in-iaw, the Rev. Dr. Handy, a Presbyterian clergyman, had been 
arrested by order of Gen. Tyler, and sent to Fort Delaware, charged with 
having been a Chaplain in the Confederate Army, and escaping tiirough 
our lines, I deem a plain statement of facts necessary, both in justice to 
the individual named and to the public, as well as to the officers ordering 
the arrest through the representations of some lying scribbler in the col- 
umns of the Delaware RevubUmn some week or two since. 

Dr. Handy is Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Portsmouth, 
Va., and as such has won the love and confidence not onlj' of the members 
of his own church, but of the ministers and people of the other Christian 
churches in that locality, and also the respect aud'esteem of several officers 
of the Federal Army who made his acquaintance. Owing to the feeble 
health of his wife and some of his children, he made application to Maj.- 
Gen. Di.x for a pass to come North with his family and return, which Gen. 
Dix very promptly granted and sent him a pass for that purpose. 

Dr. Handy is not now, nor never has been a Chaplain in the Confed- 
erate or any other army, and it is a libel on Gen. Dix to suppose tliat he 
would give a pass to go and come to any person occupying such a 
position. 

Dr. Handy, availing himself of the opportunity, went on to Baltimore 
and spent a night with his brother-in law. Col. Puvnell (Postmaster there), 
and from thence he went to my son's, in New Castle county, previous to 
his coming down here. Whilst at my son's he was visiicd by tlie Rev. 
Mr. Gay lord, of Delaware City, and Sani'l Jefferson, Esq., on which occa- 



616 APPENDIX. 

sion lie was especially invited by Mr. Gaylord to preach in the church at 
Port Penn, inasmuch as being their old Pastor the congregation would 
expect it of him. During that virfit I learn that some discussion took 
place between the two reverend gentlemen in relation to the Bin of 
slavery, in which Dr. II. assumed that neither the Old nor New Testament 
warranted tlie belief that slavery was a shi ; whether Sir. G. took the 
ground that it was, I have not learned. That the writer in the Republican 
must have obtained some garbled account of that private family conversa- 
tion, scarcely admits of doubt, and that it must have been through Mr. 
Gaylord fccems almost as certain— although loth to charge such a breach 
of honor and pastoral duty on any minister of the Gospel of Christ. In 
justice I must say that Mr. Gnylord could not have written or seen 
the article previous to it? publication, for he well knew that most of the 
statements were false, and could readily be proved to be so by raembers'of 
his own congregation. The truth is that Gen. Tyler was imposed on by 
some false-hearted scoundrel, who was prurient for fiimc in the way of ma- 
ligning and injuring if possible a humble and sincere minister of the Gospel 
of Pence. Gen. Tyler, I take for granted, is a gallant soldier, and as such 
must necessarily be a man of liouor ; and would not, if he knew it, cause- 
lessly inflict an injury on an enemy, much less on such a man as the Rev. 
Dr. Iland}^, who, if he could only be allowed a hearing, could satisfy any 
honest man that he has neiiher done nor said anything since he came to 
Delaware that would warrant his arrest and imprisonment, and who 
amongst the last words uttered when leaving here, said that his trust was 
in his God, who had never yet deserted him in the hour of trial. 

A man must be a coward indeed who would slanderously attack a man 
now in the position of Dr. Handy, knowing as he does that our State is 
under martial law, and he a citizen of a Confederate State, which closes 
all our legal tribunals against him. For the fling at me and my family, 
when he chooses to come out over his own proper signature, we will try 
and attend to him; at any rate, while living he will alwnys know where 
to find me. 

BuiDGEViLLE, July 2Qth, 1863 John D. Dilwokth. 



Letter III. — To Capt. Jas. M. Gilliss, U. S. N. 



Fort Delaware, Dec. ISth, 1863. 
Capt. James M. Gilliss: 

Ml/ Dear Sir .-—Accompanying this is a petition to the Secretary of 
War for my release from imprisonment, which I take the liberty to send 



APPENDIX. 617 

you, asking the favor of you to present it in person to that officer, and 
with the hope that you may he disposed to use what influence 3'ou can 
in my belialf. The paper will sufflcieiilly exhibit the circumstances of the 
case, and show you that I have suffered a long imprisonment, for a very 
slight offence. I am satisfied, could the matter be understood just as it is, 
that I would be permitted to return immediately to the bosom of my dis- 
tressed aud dependent family. 

Should you feel disposed to favor me in this matter, you will please 
arrange for my release, on one of the three following conditions, or in any 
other way that will not affect my status as a cilizun of Virginia, or inter- 
fere with my prospects for usefulness as a minister of the Gospel, whose 
home is at the South, viz : either — 

1st. That I be allowed a parole to remain in the States of Delaware and 
Maryland (01 ; or both of them), until exchanged or otherwise disposed 
of — to report, at intervals, in Washington or Wilmington, at the discre- 
tion of the Secretary. Or — 

2d. That I be exchanged, as a citizen prisoner, for any Northern min- 
ister of the Gospel now in confinement at the South, or for such other 
person as may be designated by the authorities at Washington. Or — 

3d. That I be sent to the South, and that my family be allowed to go 
with me. 

Of the three plans, I prefer the first ; and would be glad to go quietly 
into some retired neighborhood where I may be removed as far as pos- 
sible from the noise and excitement of the day, attending to the wants of 
my family, and wailing the will of the Government, to return to my pas- 
toral duties at Portsmouth. 

I might write to you in detail, illustrating my peculiar position, my 
difficulties, and my triiils ; but I presume you will not deem it necessary. 
The one great thing I wish, is to be restored to that liberty so essentia] to 
the happiness of my large family, and to be released on such terms as will 
not interfere with my usefulness in the future. 

Will you not as a friend and kinsman attend to this matter for me, and 
do what you can for my relief in the present distress? My health is very 
poor, and growing worse continually from confinement. On the 20th 
inst. it will he five months since my arrest; aud ought not this to be re- 
garded as sufficient punishment for any offence which I may have com- 
mitted, especially when by releasing me upon either of the above condi- 
tions I shall be effectually prevented from any mischief in the future? 

And now, my friend, I wish only to say that I am heartily tired of the 
turmoils of the day ; and I wish not to meddle with anything pertaining 
to the political or military arrangements of the North or of the South. I 
claim only to be an humble minister, of Jesus Christ. My business is to 
save souls ; and that is more upon my heart than anything else 

I leave the whole matter with you, satisfied of your ability and influ- 



618 APPENDIX. 

ence as abundantly competent to achieve for me all that I desire. You 
are the first person to whom I h;ive ever addressed a line on the sabj3ct, 
or in any manner whatever called to my aid ; and if you fail, then I nmst 
abide by my fate, and continue to wait Ilis time, "who has (he hearts of 
all men in His hands, and can turn them as the rivers of water are 
turned." 

Hoping to bear from you soon, and confidently relying upon your 
aid, I am very truly, your friend and relative, 

Isaac W. K. Handy. 



r>. 

Letter IV. — To the Secretary op "War. 



Fort Delaware, Dec. 18th, 1863. 
Hon. Edwin M. Stanton : 

Sir ; — I have been a prisoner at Fort Delaware for nearly five months, 
having been arrested at Bridgevillc, Dclawiire, on the 20lh of July last, 
and brought to this place the next day by order of Biig.-Gen. Tyler, of 
Wilmington. The ground of my arrest, so far as 1 can learn, was the 
repetition of a conversation between myself and a Federal officer, which 
look place some nine months ago, at Portsmouth, Virginia, — a conversa- 
tion which gave no offence to tliat gentleman (Col. Dulaney, of tiie Ma- 
rines), and after which he treated me with the utmost kindness, inviting 
me to call and see him again, and offering me an escort to my lodgings. 
The repetition of this conversation occurred at the house of a relative in 
New Castle, Delaware, and in a private circle, simply as a narrative of 
current events, and for the entertainment of those members of the family 
who were present at the time, and who were supposed to be perfectly 
confidential. Only two persons not of the family were present on that 
occasion, and they were supposed to be so intimately associated with its 
interests that the talk proceeded without reserve. 

A few divys after this interview it Avas ascertained that one of the 
persons above alluded to, a brotiier minister, and their pastor — had 
given public ity to the words uttered ; and in a few days the matter was 
reported to the public prints; became greatly exaggerated, and four or 
five different items, wholly untrue, were widely circulated in an arliclo 
which called the attention of the Provost Marshal of Delaware to my 
presence in the Stale, as a dangerous man, and demanding my arrest. 

Six weeks after the conversation referred to, whilst lying on a sick 
bed, I was arrested b3' Capt. Ellison, Provost Marshal of Delaware 



APPENDIX. 619 

City, and ■without any trial or investigation of my case, was brouglit to 
this Fort, and have here remained ever since. 

I am a citizen of Portsmouth, Virginia, and Pastor of the First Pres- 
byterian Church in that place. I3y permission of Maj.-Gen. Dix I was 
allowed, with my wife and children, to visit Delaware, intending mj'self 
to return in a few weeks to my charge — leaving my family with their 
friends. My wife's health was very poor; her mother also had been 
a long sufferer; and the object of tlie visit was to bring together these 
invalids who had been separated for ^ye years, and with the probability 
that one or both of them might not long survive. 

I have nine children scattered as it were to the four winds — some of 
them being at this time in Virginia, some in Delaware, and some in Mary- 
land. My ordinary means of support are entirely cut off; my wife's health 
is still delicate, and her mind in a slate of great anxiety and dibtress. 

My object in this communication is to call your attention to my 
case, and to ask of you that relief which my suffering condition will 
suggest, and which your love of justice and sense of right will prompt 
you to grant. 

Should it please you to interpose in my behalf, you will bring joy 
to an agonized familj-; receive the grateful remembrances of scores in- 
terested in the result; and place your very humble prisoner under last- 
ing obligations. 

Before closing this petition, it is proper that I should unequivocally 
deny any intention, in the private conversation for which I was im- 
prisoned, to disturb the peace, to interfere with the politics of the neigh- 
Ixjrhood in which I was visiting, or in any way whatever to act a part 
in connection with the great movements now agitating the country, and 
working oi:t a history so thrilling and so full of interest to the Ameri- 
can people, at the North and at the South. As illustrative of this, I 
have only to say that my visit to Delaware was the result of an uncon- 
ditional pass granted, as before stated, by Gen. Dix ; and that a principle 
of honor and Christian character would have prevented any deviation, 
from a course of strict neutrality, and non-interference with any mat- 
ters interdicted by the implied obligations of the pass. 

I have now only to leave my case in the hands of the Secretary, 
humbly praying that I may receive his kindly notice, and that there 
may be a speedy order for n'y release. 

I am with great respect, 

Your obedient servant, 

Isaac W. K. Handy. 



620 APPENDIX. 

E. 
Letter V. — To the Commandant at Fort Delaware. 



Fort Delaware, Jan. 5th, 1864. 
Brig.-Gen. a. Schcepp: 

Dear Sir : — I would beg permission to say to you that in the private 
conveisaliou for which I am imprisoned, there was no intention to dis- 
turb the peace, to interfere with the politics of the neighborhood in which 
I was visiting, or in any manner whatever to act a part in connection 
with the great movements now agitating the country. The words ultered 
were supposed to be strictly "■in-doors" and without any thought of their 
being misunderstood or ir isrepreseutcd ; and it has been a source of great 
pain to myself that under the peculiar circumstances of my visit to Dela- 
ware, they should have been so gravely construed as to demand a punish- 
ment of more than five months' imprisonment. 

May I not ask you to give me your sympathy and influence in securing 
my release, and a speedy return to my large, dependent and suffering 
family? 

With this hope, and with assurances of regard, 

I am your obedient servant, 

Isaac W. K. Handy. 



Confession op Faith, used in the Admission op Members 
to the Church, at large. 



1. Do you believe in the one only living and true God ; that he is the 
Creator and preserver of all ; and that he is infinite in all his attributes 
of wisdom, power, lioliness, justice, goodness and truth ? 

2. Do you believe in the doctrine of future rewards and punishments: 
that all who love and fear God shall eventually be saved with Ilim in 
Heaven, and that all who die in their sins shall be lost forever ? 

■ 3. Do you believe that the Lord Jesus Christ is the one only Mediator 
between God and man ; that he was offered up a sacrifice to satisfy divine 
justice : and that there is no other name given under Heaven whereby 
man may be saved ? 



APPENDIX. 621 

4. Do you believe that the Lord Jesus Christ was both God and man • 
and that He with the Fatlier and the Holy Ghost, mvstcriously constitute 
the Godhead ; and that they are one person forever ? 

5. Do you believe in the necessity of Repentance, and holiness of life ■ 
and that without these no man can see God in peace ? 

6. Do you believe in the utter inability of man of himself to do 
anything aright; and is it your purpose, God helping you, henceforward 
to lead a godly, righteous, and sober life ? 

7. Do you now renounce the world, the flesh, the Devil ; and do you 
look only to Jesus as your Saviour from sin as well as from death ? 

8. Do you intend that this shall be a public profession of your faith in 
the Divine Redeemer, and henceforward do you wish to be known and 
numbered only with the children of God, and members of the Church 
of Christ ? 

9. Do you then sincerely and with your whole hearts confirm and 
ratify the vows of your Baptism, that bind you to renounce the world 
with all Its vanities, to resist your evil passions, to consecrate your- 
selves to God, your Father, Saviour, and Sanctifier; and to live in 
temperance, righteousness, and holiness all your days ? 



O. 



Statement of Lieut. Finley in regard to Hospital 
Treatment. 



U. S. Military Prison, Fort Delaware, 
Division 36 Officers' Barracks, 

Rev. I. W. K. HA^ny, D. D.: ^''^"'' ^^^' ^^^*- 

Bear Sir .-—Below please find the sketch of my "Eight Days' Expe- 
rience and Observation in the U. S. Hospital," on the Island, which you 
requested me to give. In July I had a slight attack of fever, accompa- 
nied with acute neuralgic pains over the right eye, and along the side of 
the nose. On making application to be sent to the hospital to escape the 
noise and confusion of the barracks-a room about forty feet by twenty- 
two— where I was confined with about one hundred officers, I was in- 
formed that so long as I could walk I must remain where I was. After 
sufi"ering considerably for a week, and having become quite feeble, the 
surgeon at last removed me to the hospital. My first experience in 'that 
building was by no means calculated to give any flxvorable anticipation 
of the treatment to be received. With some four or five others I was 



G22 APPENDIX. 

ushered into the long hall connecting all the wards and offices, and there, 
lying upon the floor, had to wait the convenience of some careless ofiicial, 
until he saw fit, wilh'all due regard to red-tapeism, to assign us to the 
proper ward. We were directed to Ward No. 1, and on reacliing it Di'. 

A , tlic surgeon in charge, gave us a rapid, careless examination, and 

then left us, to complete preparations for tlie beds our aching limbs so 
much needed. The regulations of the hospital require each patient, on 
entering, to take off every article of clothing, and if his condition will 
admit it, he must take a bath. There seems to be a great want of care 
about ascertaining the condition of patients, and cases occur of injury 
from improperly bathing. Afier tlie bath a thin cotton shirt is furnislied, 
witii cotton drawers; which is all the patient is — except in specir.l cases — 
permitted to wear until he is discharged. And tliis, too, altliougii he 
may have just taken off flannel underclothing which he has been accus- 
tomed to wear for years. On representing my condition, being then 
under the influence of mercury, I was excused from the batli, and on 
earnest application was permitted to retain my flannel. It was with 
feelings of relief I was at length permitted to stretch myself upon the 
bed assigned me. Tiic room was well ventilated, cool, neat, and quiet, 
presenting a strong contrast with the crowded barracks I had just left. 
Indeed the pains taken to secure these results would be very commend- 
able, were it not made, as I soon observed, a prime object, wliile close 
attention to tlie sick was but a secondary consideration. Tlie ward- 
master was much more concerned about having tlic beds neatly made 
up, with the coverlets making the proper mathematical figure in tlieir 
folds, and in preventing any stains from marring the cleanliness of the 
floor, than in seeing some helpless patient made more comfortable by 
those little acts of kindness cheerfully rendered, and words of tenderness 
which so much revive and sustain the depressed sufferer. My own expe- 
rience will be dismissed in a few words. As I needed rest and quiet 
more than anything else, having got my system under the influence of 
medicine before entering the hospital, but little more was given nic, and 
I iminoved rapidly. About the fourth day, my mouth became quite sore, 
ulcers forming around and on the tongue and lips, and in the tliroat. It 
was with some difficulty I at last got the surgeon to pay any attention to 
this matter, when he gave some solution with which to wash the mouth, 
and touched the ulcers with caustic. Being still feeble, and not being 
permitted to have my clothing so as to sit up and regain strengtji, and 
finding tlie diet too low to build me up, on the eighth day, when the call 
for volunteers to return to the barracks was made, I determined to go back, 
I do not iegr( t doing so, for my improvement here has been more rapid 
than I had any reason to expect it to be tin re. 

Till re were a few points which came under my observatH)n to which 
I will briefly refer. The surgeon in charge of the hospital, while doubt- 



APPENDIX. 623 

less fully competent, did not take time and care enough to ascertain the 
real condition of bis patients. He seems to have proceeded upon the 
theory that any one, to be properly a subject for hospital treatment, must 
have either dysentery or dianhcea, confccquently his jircscriptious "were 
very general in character, being to a great degree the same in a variety 
of cases. He usually visiied his ward once a day, sometimes dropping 
in a moment or two a second time. There were about fifty cases, and he 
would probably ?pend one hour, generally not so long, in examining and 
prescribing for them. As there were changes taking place every day, 
there would frequently be four or five cases he had pot seeu before. A 
few hurried questions, a second often being asked before it was possible 
to reply to the first, a hasty decision announced, was all he would do be- 
fore dashing off to another case. Among those who entered tbe hospital 
with me, was Lieut. J. P. Barcoe, of Florida, suffering from fever. But 
little was done for him, and he rapidly grew worse until he had no dis- 
position to eat anything and could retain nothing upon his stomach. He 
was conscious the doctor had mistaken his disease, and one day made an 
earnest appeal to him in, as nearly as I can remember, the following 
words : 

Lieut. B. — " Doctor, please examine me more carefully, and see what 
is the matter with me; the medicine I am taking affords no relief; I am 
growing worse all the time." 

Dr. A. — " No wonder. Sir ! you take no nourishment — you mutt eat, 
Sir 1 You are subject to the laws of Nature — iledo-Persian laws that 
change not — and if you do not eat, you cannot live ; " and then turning 
to the nurse said : 

" Tou must see that he takes his food — make him eat." 

Off he went without any further examination, still treating his case, 
60 far as I could see, just as those convalescing from chronic diarrhoea 
were treated. A few days after I left, he sunk to his grave, far from his 
sunny home and his loved ones; his days shortened, I verily believe, by 
want of proper treatment. 

The nurses were willing and generally desirous to do what they could 
to alleviate the condition of the patients by prompt attention to their 
wants. But tliej' lacked experience, and in one or two instances failed to 
control their temper, exhibiting a culpable negligence and irritability, 
very discouraging to a sick, low-spirited sufferer. 

I was somewhat surprised to see how recklessly the patients in that 
ward were exposed to small-pox, which was prevalent on the Island at 
that time. Cases about which there was a little doubt at first, were 
brought into the ward, scattered among us, and allowed to remain until 
the disease was fully developed. During my short sojourn there, five or 
six cases were removed to the pest-house, situated about one hundred 
j'ards from the general hospital. I can but thank the same kind Provi- 



624 APPENDIX. 

dence 'wbo has always protected me, for preserving me, so far, from this 
terrible disease. 

In this brief sketch I have set dowa notbiug, knowingly, in malice, 
and have not extenuated anything. As you will perceive, there are some 
things pertaining to the hospital highly commendable ; and more attention 
to the patients by the surgeon and nurses would make it all the most ex- 
acting could require. 

I am, Doctor, with high esteem and Christian afifection 
"Very truly yours, 

G. W. FiNLEY, 

\st Lieut Co. i?. mth Re(jt Va. Lift. 



H. 

Statement of T. M. Niven, Esq., in regard to the Awning 
USED IN '■'■ The Pen," at Fort Delaware. 



During the late war we had a sort of impromptu Quarter-Master's 
Department in this city. A gentleman by the name of Demilt (a native of 
Connecticut), had been engaged largely iu the trade between New York 
and North Carolina. The war broke out and his trade was gone. He 
at once entered heart and soul into the matter of relieving the imprisoned 
Confederate soldiers, and to this end scoured the city, and bought up 
■whole stocks of clothing, shoes, hats, caps, &c., when he could buy cheap, 
and many of the small, dilapidated shop-keepers were ready to sell at 
fabulously low prices when they could clear the whole stock out. 

In this way Mr. Demilt could clothe a man comfortably (not fashion- 
ably), from head to foot, for about $10. He secured what help he could 
get from sympathizers, and filled his lofts with these goods. Any of us 
who had a request from Fort Delaware, Point Lookout, Johnson's Island, 
Elmira, or any other prison, could go to Demilt and purchase a full outfit 
for a very few dollars, and thus relieve much suffering. And in his own 
case, he was, for a long time, in receipt of scores of applications per day, 
which he always responded to gratis. 

Rev. Dr. Plumer, now of Columbia Theological Seminary, was living 
in Philadelphia (having been driven out of the Theological Seminary at 
Alleghany, and his pulpit there, by the truly loyal), and came over to New 
York and called on me in reference to purchasing a tent for religious wor- 
ship in Fort Delaware, where you were then a prisoner. He said some 
ladies iu Philadelphia, as I understood him, had put a sum of money in 



APPENDIX. 625 

his hands for that purpose, but he found that the cost of a tent of sufB- 
cient size would be quite large, and he scarcelj knew what to do. After 
a little thought, I invited him to go with me to Demi It, who I knew was 
a shrewd councillor in such matters. The matter was explained to D., 
and he at once said, " I can furnish you a large schooner mainsail which 
has seen some sea service, but is entirely whole, and is about 40x80 feet, 
for the price of old junk," 

This met our case exactly, and thus a roof was provided comparatively 
sun and storm proof, under which you could preach to your fellow-pris- 
oners the unsearchable riches of Christ, and a large margin left to be de- 
voted to their bodily wants. The man of tlie world could probably not 
see anything strange in all this, but to me the finger of God was plainly 
visible. I prayed that under the shadow of that old sail the record might 
be made : " This man and that was born there," and I have never doubted 
but that there you had a rich experience of the grace of God in Christ. I 
am sure your crown of rejoicing in che day of the Lord Jesus will be more 
resplendent for your labors under that sail. 

Your persecutors " meant it for evil, but God meant it for good." 
Their guilt none the less, God's glory much the more. 

T. M. NiVEN. 
New York, 16 Broadway, October M, 1873. 



I. 

Preamble and Constitution of the Christian Association 
AT Fort Delaware. 



We, the undersigned, members of the diflferent branches of the Chris- 
tian Church, impressed with the importance of association in our efforts 
to promote the cause of Christian benevolence in the relief of the wants, 
spiritual, moral, intellectual and physical, of prisoners, whether civil, po- 
litical or military in our own or other lands, in humble reliance upon the 
Divine blessing for success, do agree to and adopt the following Consti- 
tution : 

Art. I, This Society shall be known as the " Confederate States 
Christian Association for the Relief of Prisoners." 

Art. II. In the event of the subsequent formation of a National As- 
sociation with the same objects, this Association shall be subordinate 
thereto. 

40 



626 APPENDIX. 

Art. III. The objects of this Association shall be to alleviate tlie suf- 
ferings and supply the wants of Prisoners, military or political, wliother 
in the " United States," " Confederate," or other national prisons, and of 
civil prisoners wherever confined. 

AiiT. IV. The officers of this Association shall be a President, tliree 
Vice-Presidents, Corresponding Secretary, Recording Secretary, Treas- 
urer, and Librarian, who shall be elected by ballot at the last resrilar 
meeting in March, June, September and December, a majority of the 
votes cast being necessary for a choice. They shall hold office for three 
months. 

Ar.T. V. It shall be the duly of the President to preside at all meet- 
ings of the Association, and to enforce all parliamentary rules and usages 
observed by deliberative bodies, so far as applicable to our present or- 
gaujz li-iou. 

Art. VI. The Senior Vice-President present, Bhall, in the absence, 
removal, or death of the President, be the i)residing officer. All vacancies 
other than the Presidency and Vice- Presidency, shall be filled by appoint- 
ment of the presiding officer. 

AiiT. VII. All standing committees shall be appointed bj' the Presi- 
dent, and shall act as such during the term in which they are appointed- 
The following standing committees of seven (7) each shall be appointed at 
the first regular meeting of each term, viz : " Divine Worsliip," " Sick and 
Destitute," "Procuring and Distributing Religious Heading," "Order 
and Arrangement," "Etlucation," "State of the Church," "Finance," and 
" Introduction." 

Art. VIII. It shall be the duty of the Recording Secretar}' to enroll 
the names of the members, keep a correct minute of all the transactions 
of the Society, and to receive all literary contributions, and with the ap 
proval of the Committee on Education, read tiiem at the ensuing meeting. 

Art. IX. It shall be tlic duly of the Treasurer to receive all moneys, 
and disburse them only upon tlie order of the Finance Committee. 

Art. X. It shall be the duty of the Finance Committee to examine 
all bills and requisitions for money for the purchase of articles for the 
use of the Society ; and it shall be the further duty of said Committee 
to collect all contributions and hand them over to the Treasurer. 

Art. XI. There shall he an active membership during imprisonment, 
associate, life, and honorary membership of this Society. The profession 
of a saving faitli in Christ shall be the only condition of active mem- 
bership—any person of good moral character, desirous of using his in- 
fluence on the side of religion and moralitj^ may become an associate 
member — any member of an Evangelical Church may become a life mem- 
ber upon the payment of $2.00 in coin, or its equivalent in currency. 
Honorary members shall be elected by the Association, not exceeding 
two (2) at any meeting. 



APPENDIX. 627 

Art. XII. Any active member of this Association shall be eligible 
to any office of the Association, but no person shall be elected to fill 
the office of President for two consecutive terms. The honorary and 
associate members shall not be eligible to any office of the Association ; 
nor shall they be entitled to vote upon any subject. They may address 
the Association upon any sul ject before the body for deliberation. 

Art. XIII. There shall be constituted a Board of Directors, consist- 
ing of Quarterly, Annual and Life Directors. 

Sec. 1. Any person professing a saving faith in Christ may be con- 
stituted a Quarterly Director upon payment of $1.00 in coin, or its 
equivalent in currency; an Annual Director upon payment of $3.00 ; and 
a Life Director upon the payment of $10.00 in coin, or its equivalent 
in currency. 

Sec. 2. The President of tiie Association shall be " ex-off." Chairmaa 
of the Board of Directors; and may convene them whenever in his judg- 
ment the interests of the Association demand it. 

Sec. 3. The Directors (five to constitute a quorum) shall constitute a 
Board of Publication, to whom shall be referred all articles or works 
for the Press. 

Art. XIV. Life Directors and Life Members in the several States 
shall be authorized, in the absence of any State organization in their 
respective States, to receive contributions, make collections, and in every 
way promote the general welfare of the Association ; the sums so col- 
lected to be paid over to the Treasurer selected from their own body — 
the Treasurer to receipt for such moneys and to pay them over to the 
Treasurer of the Association or disburse them at its order ; or to organize 
Associations, State or National, for the promotion of the objects of this 
Society, in which event the moneys collected shall be employed for the 
benefit thereof. 

Art. XV. No member shall be allowed to speak more than twice 
upon the same subject without the permission of the presiding officer; 
nor more than three times without the consent of a majority of tho 
Association present. 

Art. XVI. Any one member may demand the ayes and noes upon 
any question before the Society; and upon such demand each member 
shall vote " aye" or " no " as his name is called by the Secretary. 

Art. XVII. The regular meetings of the Association shall be every 
Friday at 7^- p. m., in such Division as the Committee on "Order and 
Arrangement " may be able to obtain; and special meetiugs may be called 
by the President at the request of any Standing Committee. 

Art. XVIII. One-fourth of the active members of the Associatiou 
shall constitute a qtiorum for the transaction of business. 

Art. XIX. The order of business shall be as follows : 

1st. Singing, reading of Scriptures, and prayer. 



628 APPENDIX. 

2d. Eeading the minutes of preceding meeting. 

3d. Reception of members. 

4th. Conference of Brethren and religious experience. 

5th. Reports. 

6th. Motions. 

7th. Unfinished business. 

8th. Elections and appointment of Committees. 

9lh. Reading literary contributions. 
10th. Adjournment by singing and prayer. 

Art. XX. Any amendment Avhich may be proposed to the Consti- 
tution shall lie over until the next regular meeting, and shall be adopted 
only upon the concurrence of two-thirds of the adtive members present. 



J. 

Appeal to the People of the Confederate States in 
Behalf op Prisoners. 



Fort Delaware, October SOtJi, 1864. 
To. THE People op the Confederate States: 

The undersigned invite your attention to a benevolent enterprise 
which they believe will commena itself to the hearts and consciences 
of our entire people. It is "To make an organized effort to supply 
the wants of prisoners." 

"We feel confident that if the people of the Confederate States had 
from the beginning of the war fully appreciated the multiplied wants 
and hardships of this large class of our people, there would long since 
have been organized a society especially to promote their welfare. But 
60 diverse and onerous have been tlie duties which this struggle has 
imposed upon our people at home, they have in a great measure un- 
derestimated the trials and sufferings of prisoners, and the wide field 
which relieving their wants affords for the exercise of Christian benevo- 
lence. "NYliilst therefore we heartily commend the patriotic and benevo- 
lent enterprises which you have, during the war, inaugurated to pro- 
mote the cause of freedom, the good of mankind, and the glory of God, 
we most earnestly ask that another be added to those enterprises b}' 
which these glorious ends may be promoted. We make this appeal as a 
committee of the " Confederate States Christian Association for the Relief 
of Prisoners," a society in operation among the officers in confinement at 
this Fort; and we cannot better commend this enterprise to j'our favor 
than by acquainting you with the nature and purposes of that Asso- 
ciation. 



APPENDIX. 629 

Early last summer, the officers imprisoned here, who were members 
of evangelical churches, appreciating the importance of some organized 
effort to promote the cause of Christ among their fellow-prisoners, organ- 
ized a "Christian Association." In the providence of God, the Rev. 
Isaac W. K. Handy, D, D., and several other ministers were confined here 
also, and so heartily and fsiithfully did these godly men direct the efforts 
of the Association, that God speedily and abundantly blessed those efforts 
with a gracious outpouring of His Spirit, and in the addition of many 
souls to His Church. As the summer advanced, and the means at its 
command would permit, the Association, besides having the Gospel 
preached, and holding daily prayer-meetings, established a library of re- 
ligious and miscellaneous reading, and organized classes in the various 
branches of science and religion ; and so wide was the field which was 
gradually opened io its operations, that it soon became necessary to re- 
draft its constitution. This was done in October, and the new society 
was styled the " Confederate States Christian Association for the Relief 
of Prisoners," and was designed to relieve the wants, spiritual, moral, 
intellectual and physical, of prisoners, whether civil, political, or military, 
in our own or other lands. 

The Society was organized upon this broad basis with the hope that 
the United States authorities might permit it to extend its operations to 
other prisons, and that it might by its objects and efforts suggest to the 
people of the Confederate States the importance of organizing in each 
community and State of the Confederacy similar Associations, to which 
this might be auxiliary. Our Association has been in operation under 
its new title but a short time, but bids fair to be eminently useful, even 
with the restrictions which the prison rules impose upon its operations. 
But we trust that God will extend its usefulness still further by removing 
such obstacles as now hinder its efforts, and that the people of the Con- 
federate States will cordially respond to our appeal in behalf of their 
prisoners, and will furnish this and similar associations in other prisons, 
the means to supply their wants. 

But our efforts should not stop here. That benevolence does not de- 
serve the name of Christian benevolence, which does not embrace our 
enemies as well as our friends. There are thousands of prisoners in our 
own prisons whose wants should be supplied. Let us endeavor to dis- 
charge our duty to them as well as to our own prisoners, and exem- 
plify the teachings of Him who said, " Love your enemies, bless them 
that curse, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which 
despitefully use you and persecute you." 

We therefore most earnestly appeal to you to organize Associations 
everywhere throughout tlie Confederacy for the relief of prisoners. Let 
money be raised, and books and clothing be bought, collected and for- 
warded to the Associations in the various prisons, and when necessary 



630 APPEIs^DIX. 

let the living minister be sent to preach to the prisoners, and rest assured 
God will bless your efforts by promoting our country's good, and His 
own glory. 

R. B. Yaxce, 

Lewelly^ Southgate, ^ Committee. 

Geo. M. Edgak, 



Letter TT.— Capt. Gilliss to Mrs. TTavdt. 



Augmt 6th, 1863. 

Capt. Gilliss has had an interview with CoL Hoffman, Provost-Marshal 
in charge of prisoners, and urged every available argument to obtain the 
periuis^rion asked by ISIis. Handy. 

The Provo.-tOr.irshal states, that the privileges of similar nature at that 
Tcry Fort, have been so frequently availed of by ladies to injure the Gov- 
•mmcnt, that he has been obliged to refuse all application.-. 

If he does accede to the request made, it will be coupled with pledges 
for whose faithful performance he will hold Capt. Gilliss responsible. 

Believing that both Mr. and !SIrs. Handy will have too much regard for 
their own honor, and too much respect for Capt. Gilliss to violate any 
pledge for which the last becomes spousur, he has not hesitated to make 
the promise in their behalf. 

If the question is decided fa vorally, the terms will be communicatetl 
the instant Capt. Gilliss hears from CoL Hoffman. He hopes it will be to- 
day, though at too late an hour to communicate by malL 



Letter YII. — Gex. Hoffman to Capt. Gilliss. 



Office of CoMinssARY General of Prisokehs. 

"WAsnrxGTON-, D. C, August Gth, 18C3. 
Capt. Jas. Gelliss, U. S. Navy, TVashingtox. 
Sir: 
After reflecting upon your application of this morning for a permit for 
Jlrs. Handy to visit her husband at Fort Delaware, I have consented to 



APPENDIX. 631 

her having an interview willi liiin, if he is so seriously ill as to make it 
proper, for the salce of humanity, to set aside the rules which orduiarily 
govern in such cases. On tlie same terms slie will be permitted to furnish 
him such delicacies as his health may demand. 

I have written to Gen. Schoepf, Com'd. Fort Delaware, on the subject, 
and Mrs. Handy will have to apply to him for a pass. 
Very respectfully, 

Your obedient servant, 

W. Hoffman, 
Colonel and G. 0. P 



Eesolutions passed at a meeting op the Christian Associa- 
tion, AND FORWARDED TO THE AuTHOR, AFTER LEAVING 
PRISON. 



Wliereas, in the Providence of God, our beloved brother. Rev. Isaac W. 
K. Handy, D. D., President of this Association, who has gone in and out 
among us so long, faithfully laboring for the good of souls and the glory 
of God, has lately been removed from our midst, having been released 
from his long and oppressive confinement in prison, therefore, 

Besolved 1st, That we deem it an evidence of a gracious Providence 
controlling even the evil purposes of men, that our brother was seat into 
our midst, where his labors have been richly blessed in winning souls to 
Jesus. His oppressors " thought evil against him, but God meant it unto 
good to save many souls alive." 

Resolved 2d, That we deem it a duty and a privilege, to bear our grate- 
ful testimony to the earnestness, zeal and ability with which Dr. Handy 
discliargcd the duties of his station as a Cliristian minister, to the unsul- 
lied piety— a piety alike above reproach and above suspicion — of his 
Chrisli'in character, and the uniform kindness, courtesy and cliaritablcuess 
exliibitcd toward all with whom he was in any way associated while a 
prisoner here. 

Resolved Sd, That while we deeply feel the loss we have sustained in 
his removal froai among us, and sadly contemplate the probabilities that 
many of us "shall see his face no more" below, for his sake we rejoice 
that he has been released from his protracted and painful captivity, and 
permitted to return to his home and his brethren in his own loved " sunny 
South." 



632 



APPENDIX 



Besolved 4t7i, That we most humbly aud earnestly commend our brother 
to the protection, guardianship aud paternal care of our Father God, be- 
seechiug blessings of providence and grace to rest upon him in richest 
measure now aud evermore. And that we cordially commend him to the 
churches of the saints, as a brother of the purest life and character, a 
minister of singular devotion to his work, and of unusual ability in his 
calling, and as one who, because of his sufferings in our sacred cause, is 
eminently entitled to their Christian sympathies. 

Resolved 5th, That the Secretary be instructed to spread this preamble 
and accompanying resolutions upon the minutes of this Association, aud 
to transmit to Dr. Handy a copy of the same, at the earliest practicable 
period. 

Geo. W. Harris, 
President of the C. S. Associatian for Relief of Prmners. 

Lewellyn Southgate, Secretary. 



IS. 

Names, &c., op the Six Hundred Confederate Officers who 
were removed from fort delaware, in aug., 1864, to be 
placed under fire at morris' island, s. c.^ 

MARYLAND. 



Rank and Name. 

Maj. W. AV. Goldsborough 
Cai)t. W. H. Griffin 
" Eugene Diggs 
" George Howard 
Lt. E. G. buloy 
" C. D. Fitzluigh 
" J. E. B. Pue 



Arm. 

1 I 

A 

2 C 
10 

C 
C 
C 



Capture. I Residence. 

Gettysburg, Pa., J'ly 3, 63 Baltimore. 

YcllowTav., May 11,04 I 
Near Martinsb'rg, Va., Oct. 15, 63 
Ilawes' Shop, Va.. May 2T, 64 I " 

Gettysburg, Pa., J'ly 5, 64 Mont'g Co 
Antietam,"M(l., Sep. 14,03 llagcrst'n 
Han. June, Va., May 24, 04 Mont'g Co 



1 1 am inrlebted to Capt. J. L. Cantwell, of Wilminston. N. C, for wliatever 
there in.ay be of accuracy or completeness in this list. It M'as cnrefuUy pre- 
parc I by tluit officer, assisted by Capt. A. J. Lewis, of I'ort Gibs >n, Miss., 
during tlie inipiisunmeiit at Morris' IslaiuL I have closely adhered lo tlie 
memoranda of these gentlemen, as to the orthography of names, and the 
time and place of capture. Other items liave been borrowed from a p;im- 
phlet by ('apt. J. .7. Duukle, entitled "Prison Life during the Rebellion." 

Those markeil * were sent to the U. S. hospital at Beaufort, S. C, about 
Ave d.ays after the arrival at Hilton Head. 

Those marked f died whilst at the South, and were buried either at Beau- 
fort or Fort Pulaski. I. W. K. H. 



APPENDIX 



633 



vmaiNiA. 



Rank and Name. 

'^Col. Evan Rice 

Lt.-Col. Cbas. B. Christian 

" Jas. C. Council 

Maj. P. V. Batt 

" Thos. P. Branch 

" W. H. Hood 

" David A. Jones 

* " A. A. Swindler 

" Richard Woodrum 
Capt. PI. A Allen, 

" B. Q. Brown 

" J. 0. B. Crocker 

* " E. Carter 

* " R. S. Elam 

* " W. T. Johnson 
" Geo. W. Nelson 
" Peyton Alfriend 
" T.H. Board 

" Jas. McD. Carrington 

" Wm. P. Carter 

" J. R. Christian 

" Einmelt E. DePriest 

" A. Dobbins 

" Jas. Danlap 

" H. C, Diciiinson 

" W. P Duff 

*t" J. B. Fitzgerald 

" R. E. Frayser 

" A. N. Finks 

" W. L. Guthrie 

" T. M. Gobble 

" D. C. Grayson 

" Bruce Gibson 

" J M Hughes 

" J. M. Hillsman 

" J. W. Helm 

" Lewis Harman 

" J. E. Hodges 

" T. B. Horton 

" A. R. Humes 

* " George Hopkins 
" F. W^ Kelly 

t " A. M. King 

" J. A. Lipps 

" W. S. McConnell 

" Chas. D. McCoy 

" R. H. Miller 

" Wm. C. Nunn 

" Geo. W. Mercer 

" Isaac Kuykendall 



55 1 

49 1 
26 1 
441 
Staff 

Mil 
Staff 
71 
26 X 
91 
71 
91 
81 
23 1 
18 1 
Staff 
391 
581 

A 

A 
31 
231 
421 
26^ 
2C 

50 1 

Signal 
10 1 
23 1 
48 1 
10 1 
6C 
441 
441 
42 1 
13 C 
83 1 
111 
21 C 
IOC 
50 1 
501 
50 1 
48 1 
25 1 
44 1 
5C 
29 1 
7C 



Capture. 

Fal'g Wat's, Va, J'ly 14, 63 
C'ld narb'r,Va,May 30, 64 
Petersburg, Va, May 15, 64 
Petersb'g, Va.,Juue 15, 64 
" 16,64 
" 15,64 
Spot tsylv'a, Va, J'ne 10, 64 
Rap'n'kC0,Va,M'hl8,64 
C'ld Harb'r, Va, June 3, 64 
Gettysburg, Pa, July 3, 63 



Miihvood, Oct. 26, 63 

Petersburg, July 9, 64 

Spottsylv'a,Va, Mav 12, 64 

" " "" 12,64 

" " " 12,64 

" " " 8,64i 

" " " 8,64 

" " " 12,64 

Cold Harbor, Va, J'ne 3, 64 

Chickah'y, Va, May 12, 64 

Spottsylv'a,Va, May 12, 64 

Bl'kwater, Va, Aug. 22, 63 

Spottsylv'a, Va, May 20, 64 

" " 12,64 

" " " 12,64 

" " 12,64 

" " " 12,64 

Yell'w Tav, Va, May 11,64* 

Spottsylv'a, Va, May 12, 64 

" " 12,64 

" " 12,64 

Vidiersville, Va, May 5, 64 

Spoltsylv'a,Va, May 12, 64 

" " 12,64 

Leetown, Va, July 3, 64 

Spottsylv'a,Va, May 12, 64 

« " " 12,64 

" " " 12,64 

" " 12,64 

" " 12,64 

" " 12,64 

" " 12,64 

Trevillian's Sta, Va, June 11, 64 
C'ld Harb'r, Va, June 6, 64 
■Springfield, Va, Feb, 18, 64 



Eesidence. 

Essex Co 
Amh'st Co 
St Stevens 
Petersb'rg 

Berlin 

Harrisn'g 

Sperryv'le 

Union 

Portsra'th 

Albrl'e Co 

Norfolk 

Henri'o co 

Lynchb'rg 

Henri'o co 

Rckb'geco 

Petersb'rg 

Bedford co 

Charltv'le 

Millwood 

N Kent co 

Richmond 

iTacksnv'le 

Union 

Liberty 

Jonesville 

Norfolk 

N Kent co 

Madis'n co 

P Edw CO 

Abingdon 

Luray 

Upperville 

Richmond 

Amelia CO 

Jacks'nvle 

Staunton 

Norfolk 

K Wm co 

Abingdon 

Hanv'rcc 

Tazw'll co 

Abingdon 

Wise CO 

Estellville 

Charlo'ts'e 

Buck'm CO 

Plymouth 

Rural Re't 

Romney 



634 



APPENDIX 



Eank and Name. 

Capt. J. M. Lovett 
" C. J. Lewis 
" VV.T. Mitchell 
" T. A. Moon 
1st Lieut. Win. Asbury 
" J. Arriiigtou 

J. C. Allen 
A. R. Angel 
E. Lee Bell 
W. L. Beruard 
Saml. F. Ciirson 
Jesse Child 
" Isaac Coles 

T. C. Chandler 
Jas. H. Childs 
H. T. Colter 

* " C. T. Chadduck 

T. P. Dovie 
L. B. Doyle 
P. W. Dallou 
S. M. Deut 

* " C R. D.irr'cott 
t " A. W. Edwards 

" C B. Ea.^l'iain 

J. W. 0. Funk 
J. W. A. Ford 
Jos. W. Gillock 
" D. W. Garrett 

" J. D. Grewer 

" Jno. W. Gilkeson 

Wm. E. Hart 
C. D. Hall 
" C. P. Harper 

" J. H. Haw kins 

n. L. Hoover 
" Albert G. Hudglus 

" Henry C. Howlett 

" R:)bt. B. Howlett 

W.L. Hunter 
GW H. Killian 
T. J. Kirk 
♦' David M. Lnyton 

" Jno. F. Lyttou 

T. S. Mitchell 
Benj. C. Maxwell 
" T. 6. Mass 

" Jno. O. Mnrraj'' 

*' Benj D. i\Ierchant 

W. H. 3I.)ri;au 
" Wm. McGauk'V 

Jas. W. McDowell 
2d Lieut. P. B. Akers 
J. H. Allen 
" T. A. Aupleburry 



Arm. 

22 C 
8 C 
6 C 
6 C 
IGC 
43 1 
7C 
43 I 
10 1 
37 C 
5 1 
43 1 
C 
47 1 
4C 
53 I 
33 I 
38 I 
5 I 
43 1 
5C 

5r 

15 C 
10 1 
51 
20 C 
37 1 
43 I 
50 1 



48 1 
31 I 

10 L 
25 1 

Navy 
5 C 
5C 

45 C 
51 
41 

25 I 
5 1 

43 1 
A 

23 1 

13 C 

4 C 

11 I 
9 C 
36 I 
111 
48 1 
441 



Capture. 

Cap'n Brid'e.Va, Jan 31, 
Shephenlst'n.Vii, J'iy 3, 
Yell'wTav.Va.May 11, 
" " " 11, 
Wayne Co, V;i, Feb 15, 
Gettysburg, Pa. July 3, 
Nr Romney, Va, Feb3, 
Spottsylv'a,Va, May 13, 

u " 13, 
Leesburg, Va, July 16, 
Morion's F'd.Va, Fob fi, 
Sp()ttsylv'a,Va, May 13, 
Brandy Sl'n,V;i, JuneO, 
S|)ottsylv'a,V:i,May 13, 
Markham's St a' n, Jan 0, 
Gottvsburir, Pa, July 3, 
Spot"lsylv'a,V;i,May 13, 

" " 13. 

a » 20, 

" " 13, 

Ydlow Tav'n, May 11, 

Hanover, Vn, May 19, 

Nr Rich'd.Va, Mayll, 

Spottsylv'H,Va,Ma3'^ 13, 

" " 13, 

NrWash'n,D.C,J'lyl4, 

Gettysburg, Pa, July 5, 

" " 3, 

Spottsylvaaia, May 13, 

" " 13, 

" 13, 

" " 13, 

" 13, 

" " 13, 

" 13, 

May r 

11,64 



Alliemarle Sound, y.C 

(UiestLTfleldC. lI.,M;r 

Ydl'wTav'n,Va,Mav5, 
Aldie, Va, April 23, 64 
Spoltsylv'a.Va, :May ] 3, 
" " 13, 

(1 (1 (( -|0 

K ti ti in 

" " " 13 

" " 13! 

" " " 13 

B.&O.R.R., Va, Oct 25,' 

Antiocli, Vm, Dec 29, 

.Mil'fd Sta, Va, May21. 

Ashland, Va, July 1, 64 

C'ld II;nbor,Va, June 3, 

Mil'fd Sla,Va, M;iy21, 

Logan Co, Va, DiC 9, 

Spottsylv'a,Va, May 12, 



G4 Ham's'eco 
64 Cliulest'u 
64 Piits'ia CO 
64 Halifax CO 
64 Wiiyue co 

63 Camp'l co 
64 1 Edinburg 

64 Frank'uco 
64 Luray 
64 Frauk'n co 
64 Auuu'a co 
64 AVarreut'u 

63 Pitts'iaco 

64 Bowl'gG'n 
64 Richmond 

63 K. Wm. CO 

64 Luray 
64 Staunton 
64 Lexington 
61.Taylorsv'e 
64 Ale.vaud'a 
64 Han'verco 
64 Priuc'ss A 
64 H.inison'g 
64 Winches'!- 
64 Lcwisburg 
63 Lexington 

63 iMorgant'n 
64|T;izc'ell co 
64'MintSpr'g 

64 K. Wm. co 
64 L' e CO 
64 Meckl'gco 
64 McGahVc 
24 Staunton 
-,,64 Richmond 

|Putersbu'g 
64 Cobb's C'k 

i Wavne'b'o 
641 "" 
64 Chris'nsbi,' 
64M.:\krid'n 
64 L'g Glade 
64]Mart'sv'le 
64|W.Heml'k 
64 'Louisa CO 
63jRiciiniond 
63 Manassas 
64| Carroll CO 

hVarsaw 
64jGr'i:b'r co 
(;i|Lynchb'g 
63 1 Boone co 
C4 Fluv'na co 



APPENDIX 



635 



Rank and Name. 

2d Lieut. Jno. G. Brown 

" H. G. Brinkley 

" F. C. Barues 

" Robt. C. Bryan 

" Robt. S.Bowie 

" Barney B. Caunoy 

« C. F. Crisp 

" Alex. B. Cook 

* " G. P. Clialkley 

" R. C. Campbell 

" A. B. Cavvtliorne 

" W. B. easier 

" John W. Davis 

" W. B. Dodson 

Micliael H. Daff 

■" Jno. A. Douaglie 

" Win. A. Dawson 

" Norman D. Embry 

" Wm. L. Enos 

" J. Walker Frasier 

" ' C. Fraetts 

" Jas. T. Fulcber 

" S. H. Finks 

" JdS. W. Gioom 

" Jno. T. Ganaway 

" T. M. Gravely 

" W. S. Gilmer 

" L. Green 

« W. W. George 

" S. W. Garey 

" Ben. H. Hutchison 

" Hopkins Harden 

" J. L. Hempstead 

" F. R. Haynes 

" Robt. B. Hart 

" Saml. J. Hutton 

" Wm. H. Hatcher 

" J. J. Henrilze 

« J. W. Harris 

J. S. Hix 

" P. Ho,i;au 

" John W. Hughes 

" S. Horace Hawes 

" Saml. A. Johnson 

" H. C. Jones 

" Geo. F. Keiser 

" T. J. King 

" Festus Kiog 

" J. Stanton King 

J. P. Kelly 

" J. W. Kratzer 

" Drury Lacy 

t " Russell W. Legg 

t " Jno. Long 



Arm. 

49 1 
411 
56 1 
48 1 
37 1 
41 
101 
23 1 
141 
53 1 

26 1 
41 

20 C 
5 C 
37 1 

10 1 

27 1 

11 I 
26 1 

10 
3 [ 
37 1 
101 

23 1 

50 1 
42 1 
37 1 

5a 

26 X 
31 
81 
19 1 
25 1 

24 
50 

371 
42 1 
37 1 
53 1 
441 

41 
441 

A 
23 I 
50 1 

51 

42 

A 

37 1 

41 

12 
23 I 
50 1 
10 1 



Capture. 

Nr Mechanvl'e, May 30, 63 
Nausem'd Co, Va, Sep 1, 63 
Gettysburg, Pa, July 3, 63 
Spoitsylv'a, Va, May 12, 64 
^ « " " 12,64 

" " " 12,64 

» " » 12,64 

" " " 12,64 

Gettysburg, Pa, July 5, 63 i 
" 3,63 
Petersburg, Va, June 15, 64 
Gettysburg, Pa, July 3, 63 
Fredr'k CityMd, J'ly 10, 64 
Yellow Tavern, May 11, 64 
Spottsylv'a,Va, May 12, 04 
" " " 12,64 

" " " 12,64 

Milford, Va, May 31, 64 
Pelersb'rg, Va, June 15, 64 
Rapid Ann, Va, Oct 11, 63 

Uo-.- ittsrarm Va .Turin If). Ci 

Spottsylv'a,Va, M^y 12, 64 

" " 12,64 

" " 12, Gi 

" " 12,64 

,' " 12,64 

" " 12,64 

Nr Richm'd,Va,May 12, 64 

Cold Harbor, Va, June 3, 64 

Gettysburg, Pa, July 3, 63 

" 3, 03 

" 3,63 

Wilderness, Va, May 5, 64 

Gloucester, Va, Oct 5, 63 

Yell'w Tav,Va, May 11, 64 

SpotlsylY'a.Va, May 12, 64 

" " " 12, 64 

" " 12,64 

" " 12,64 

" " 12,64 

" " " 12,64 

" " " 12,64 

" " 12,64 

" " 12,04 

" " 12,641 

" " 12,64, 

Charles City C.H., Va, Dec 13, C3j 
" " " "13,63 

a u u u .'13^63 

Suottsylv'a, Va, May 12,64 

^ " " " 21, 04 1 

" " 21,04 

" " 21,64 

'4 " " 21,64 



Fr't Royal 
N.n'tolk 
Mmysv'le 
Abingdon 

Elk Creek 

Luray 

Louisa CO 

Petersb'g 

K'gWmco 

K'g&Q'nc 

Marion 

Clarksb'g 

Danville 

Wash'n CO 

Parnassus 

Col laws 

Pineville 

Wood CO 

Loud'n CO 

Petersb'g 

Madis'nco 

i. H'Ay.i CO 

Chatliam 

Mart'sv'le 

Lebanon 

Petersb'g 

Princeton 

Norfolk 

Loud'n CO 

Scottsvillo 

Cobbs 
Stevenv'le 
Glade 
Liberty 
Lebanon 
Bedibrd co 
Gooch'dco 
Lexington 
Col)liara 
Richmond 
Louisa CO 
Glndesv'le 
Mart'sv'le 
Greenville 
KgVV'mco 
Abingdon 
jNewbern 
Hurr'nbg 
'PrEd'dco 
Turk'y O'e 
Bridgew'r 



636 



APPENDIX 



Kank and Name. 


Arm. 


2(1 Lieut. Jno. L. Lambert 


53 1 


W. P. R. Leigh 


5 C 


* " L. C. Lcftwich 


Navy 


* " G.B.Long 


141 


" Rodes Massie 


A 


« J. W. Mauck 


10 1 


t " Eli A. Rosenbaum 


37 1 



Capture. I Residence. 

Cold Harb'r,Va, ]\Iay 30, 64; Greenville 
King & Queep.8 Co, V'a. June 7, &1 



At Sea, May 7, 64 

Gettysburg, Pa, July 3, 63 

Spoltsylv'a,Va,May 12,64 

" " 12,64 

" " 12,64 



Gloucester 

Lynchb'g 

Petersb'g 

Cow'sv'le 

Harr'nb'g 

Abingdon 



WEST VIRGINIA. 



V^ 



//cr. 



*Capt. E. D. Camden 


25 1 


" J. J. Duukle 


25 1 


" A. M. Edgar 


27 1 


" J. H. Johnson 


25 1 


,' " J. A. Lipps 


50 1 


" J. W. Mathews 


25 1 


1st Lieut. Earl C. Audis 


41 


M. E. Bowers 


25 1 


W. W. Boggs 


20 


" Henry Fry 


37 1 


Geo. W.Finley 


56 1 


* " N. A. Haskins 


25 1 


0. H. P. Lewis 


311 


2d Lieut. L. D. Bland 


18 C 


" Tliornton J.Berry 


25 1 


" F. Fousse 


25 1 


W. N. Hendrix 


25 1 


" A. R. Humphries 


26 1 


" C. P. Johnson 


C 



Spottsylv'a,ya, May 12, 64 Sutton 
Frauklin 
" " " iLewisburg 

" " " ! Franklin 

Wise CO. 
Wilderness, Va., May 5,64 Beverly 
Morton's F'd,Va, Feb. 6, 63 Elk Creek 
Wilderness, Va., May 5, 64 Frauklin 
Loudon co.,Va., July 16, 64 Wheeling 
Spottsylv'a.Va, May 12, 64 " 

Gettysb'g, Pa., July 3, 63 'ciarksv'le 
Wilderness, Va., Maj^ 5, 64 Buch'n co. 

Highland co., Va., Nov. 10, 63 j Beverly 
Pendleton co., Va., Jan. 19, GJ | Franklin 
Wilderness, Va., May 5, 64 Salt Lake 
Sp<)ttsylv'a,Va, iMay 12, 64 Weston 
Wilderness, Va., May 5, 64 Fairm'nt 
C'd Harbor, Va., June 3, 64 Lewisburg 
Burlington, Va., Dec. 3, 64iH'psh'e co 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



Col. Jno. A. Baker 

" G.N. Folk 
Lt.-Col. T. L. Hargrove 
Maj. J. R. McDonald 
Capt. W. J. Alexander 

* " R. W. Atkinson 
" John C. Blair 

" S. S Bohannnn 
" Nero G. Bradford 
t " C. R. Bruniley 
" E. McN. Blue 
" Jno. L. Cantwell 
" David L. Cockerman 
" Alex. T. Cole 
" Jno. Cowan 

* " A. S. Critcher 
" AV. II. Day 

" W. B. Dewar 



3C 
6C 
44 1 
57 1 
37 1 
2C 
1 C 
28 1 
26 1 
£0 1 
35 1 
31 
541 
23 1 
31 
37 1 
II 
311 



Petersb'g, Va,, June 21, 64 
Kinston, N.C., June 22, 64 
S'th Anna Bridge, Va., June 20, C3 

Gains' Mill, Va., June 1, 64 
Gettysb'ir, Pa., July 3, 63 
Ilano'r CH,Va., Jlay 27, 64 
Yell.Tav.,Va., Mayll,04 
Spottsvl'a, Va., i\Iay 12, 64 
Getiysb'g, Pa., Julv5, 63 
July 1, 63 
Petersb'g, Va., June 17, 64 
Spottsyfiv, Va., May 12, 64 
Rapp'kBr,Va.,Nov.7,63 
Spoltsyl'a, Va., May 12, 64 



Petersb'g, Va., June 17, 64 
Gains' Mill, Va., June 1, 64 



[Wilm'gton 
Morgant'n 
Oxford 
[Fayeltev'e 
Wilkesb'o' 
Wilson 
Boone co 
Yaukin co 
Lenoir co 
Concord 
Moore co 
Wilm'gton 
Jonesville 
Rock'gh'm 
Wilm'gton 
Watauga 
Halifax 
Chalk 



APPENDIX 



637 



Rank and Name. 

Capt. n. M. Dixon 

" H. D. Fowler 

* " J. C. Gorman 

* " J. H. Gilbert 

" Samuel H. Hartsfield 

" Samuel H. Hiues 

" H. W. Home 

*' Thos. L. Johnson 

" W. H. Kitclien 

" Jolm G. Knox 

" J.K.Kyle 

" J. W. Lane 

" Thomas C. Lewis 

" W. G. MacRae 

" J.W.Moore 

" W. F. Murphy 

" Samuel J. Parham 
1st Lieut. S. S. Abernathy 
Wyatt B. Allen 
" T. M. Allen 

" W. T. Anderson 

" H. E. Arp 

" G. W. Avant 

" B. W. Birkhead 

" J. "W. Brothers 

John S. Bullock 
" Robert B. Carr 

* " A. A. Cathey 

" David A. Coon 

" Geo. W. Corbett 

" J. H. Darden 

John O. Frink 
" John F. Gamble 

" John M. Guyther 

" W. G. Harrington 

" J. A. Heartsfield 

" T. B. Henderson 

" J. M. Hobson 

" H. J. Jenkins 

" Julian A. Latham 

" A.N.Leatherwood 

" C. P. Mallett 

" John D. Mallory 

" Frank Mcintosh 

" M. McLeod 

" J. J. McMillan 

" Nathan S. Mosely 

" F. F. Patrick 

2d Lieut. Geo. N. Albright 
" M. B. Allison 

" H. C. Andrews 

T. P. Barrow 
" J. A. Blaiu 

" J. H. Bloodworth 



Arm. 

35 1 
1 I 
21 
57 1 
3C 
45 1 
31 
1 I 
13 1 
71 

53 1 
16 T 
18 1 
71 
30 
511 

54 1 
30 1 
61 
41 
51 
241 
35 1 
23 1 
671 
23 1 
43 1 
341 
111 
181 
31 
18 1 
141 

25 j: 

II 

3C 

21 

I 

1 I 

29 1 
31 
37 1 
18 1 
20 1 
1 I 
13 1 
33 1 
61 
63 I 
28 1 
31 
161 
40 



Capture. 



Residence. 



Petersb'g, Va., June 17, 64 Moore co 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 13, 64 Ballsville- 



May 19, 64 

Gettysb'g, Pa., July 3, 63 

Hano'r co., Va., May 27, 64 

Spottsyl'a, Va., May 10, 64 

" May 12, 64 
i( (( (i 

(( « i( 

Wilderness, Va., Mav 5, 64 

Spott&^yl'a, Va., May"21, 64 

Wilderness, Va., May 6, 64 

Spottsyl'a, Va., May 13, 64 

Wilderness, Va., ]\Lay 6, 64 

Greenv'le,N.O., Dec. 17,64 

Ber. Hun.,Va.,Juuel6,64 

Rnp'k St'n, Va., Nov. 7, 63 

Kelly's F'd,Va., Nov. 7, 63 

Rapp'k Br., Va., Nov. 7, 63 

Gettysb'g, Pa., July 4, 63 

Spottsyl'a, Va., May 13, 64 

Petersb'g, Va., June 17, 64 
II i( (1 

Hano'r J'n, Va., May 34, 64 

Xear Klnston, N. C, June 2'i, 64 

Spotts3d'a, Va., May 13, 64 
Gettysb'g, Pa., July 4, 63 
July 3, 63 

Spottsyl'a, Va., May 12, 64 



Wilson 

Newton 

Kinston 

Milton 

Fayettev'e 

Edenton 

Scotland 

Rowan co 

Fayettev'e 

Hend'nv'e 

Wilm'gton 



" May 19, 64 

" " May 13, 64 

Cox's F'm, Va., July 13, 64 

Spottsyl'a, Va., July 8, 64 

N'r Henderson, N. C, Dec. 17, C3 

Spottsyl'a, Va., July 8, 64 
Gates CO., N.C., June 9, 64 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 13, 64 
Clay CO., N.C., Feb. 19, 64 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 13, 64 
Dr'ry's B'ff,Va.,May 16, 64 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 13, 64 
Wilderness, Va , May 6, 64 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 13, 64 

II U (1 

" May 10, 64 
Rapp'kS'n,Va.,Nov.7,63 
Cum'dGap, Ten., Sep. 9, 63 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 13, 64 

IC (I u 

Fall'gWat's,Va, July 14, 63 
Brandy S'n,Va., Oct. 11. 63 



Clinton 

Henderson 

Forcslville 

Wake CO 

Fairfield 

Fayettev'e 

Smithville 

Chat'm CO 

Ashboro' 

Kinston 

Trauqu'ty 

IMaguolia 

Charlotte 

Liucolnt'n 

Caintuck 

Snow Hill 

Carrs 

Shelby co 

Plymouth 

Ballsville 

Jacks'uv'e 

Raxville 

]\Iurfr'sb'o' 

Plymouth 

Ft Henry 

Fayettev'e 

Buckhorn 

Richmond 

Carthage 

Wilm'gton 

Warrent'n 

Columbia 

Melville 

Sampson 

Orange co 

AVash'gt'n 

Fr'klin co 

Wilm'gton 



638 



APPENDIX 



Rank and Name. 

2d Lieut. Alex. II. Brown 

" David S. BuUaid 

t " John JI. Burgin 

C. M. Busljee 

" E. A. Carver 

" W. B. Cliaudler 

Geo. S. Col)le 
Joseph B. Coffield 

" J. Coiisrin 

t " J. C. C. Cowper 

G. M. Crapoii 
T. 1). Crawford 
A B. Davis 
W. F. Doles 
E. W. Dorsov 

" John Q. Elkins 

Nich. E. Fennel 

" Francis F. Floyd 

II. Y. Gash 
* " R. A. Glenn 

AV. C. Gordon 
B. A. Gownn 

" A. J. Gurganus 

" J. M. Harget 

Edwin S. Hart 
J. F. Heath 

" L. J. Hendcnson 

Gilbert P. Higley 
J. C. Hinos 

" A. J. Ilowser 

Wm. II. Ivey 

" AVm. P. Johnson 

W. T. Jones 
J. E. King 
t " C. C. Lane 

" J. B. Lindscy 

G. H. Lindscy 
Z. 11. Lowdermilk 

" R. n. Lyons 



Arm. I 

30 1 
18 1 
23 1 

5 I 

1 I 
13 1 
44 1 

I I 
23 1 
35 1 

31 
Navy 
1 CSC 

32 I 

II I 
18 1 
Gl I 
51 I 
GC 
23 I 
GC 
50 1 

31 

1 I 
23 1 
G7I 

31 
57 1 
5C 
II 

2 C 
1 C 
35 I 
31 
31 

31 I 
511 
31 
311 



Capture. i 

Kelly's F'd, Va., Nov. 7, G3 
SpoUsyl'a, Va., May 13, G4; 
Geltysh'g, Pa., July 3, G3 
Spoltsyfa, Va., May 12, G4 



S. Hanover J'n, Va., Jnne 26, 63 
Spottsyra,Va.,Mayl3, 04 

Getlysb'g, Pa., July 1, G3 
tt ti It 

Spottsyl'a, Va., May 12, 64 

X'r Washington, N. C, Feb. 34, 61 
Petersb'g, Va , May 7, G4 
Spottsyra, Va., May 10, G4 
Gettvsb'c, Pa., Julv 5. fi3 
Spottsvl'a, Va.,May 13, G4 
Ber. Uuu., Va., June 16, 64 

iC t( (( 

Jackson's Tilills, K. C, Jnne 22,64 
Hanover, Va., May 23, 04 

Jackson's Mills, N. C , June 22, CI 

Ber. Hun., Va., June IG, 64 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 13, 64 



Swift C'k, Va., April 26, 64 

Spottsyl'a, Va., May 13, 64 

C'd Harbor, Va., June 1,64 

Jack's Sh'p.Va., Sep. 23, 63 

Spottsyl'a, Va , Jlay 13, 64 

" May 7, 64 

Bristow S'n,Va, Nov 25, 63 

Petersb'g, Va., June 17, 64 

Spottsyl'a, Va., May 12, 64 
It t( It 

C'd Harbor, Va., Jnne 1 , 64 
Dr'ry's B'ff,Va., May 16, 64 
Spotlsyl'a, Va., May 13, 64 



Residence. 

Chatham 

Owensv'le 

Marion 

Ralei.oh 

Forestville 

Yaneeyv's 

Graham 

Tarboro' 

Troy 

Suffolk 

Suiilhville 

Wash'gt'n 

IMorgaut'n 

Wilson 

Whitesv'lG 

Leesville 

Whitesv'le 

Morgant'n 

N'w Salem 

Morgant'n 

Whitesv'le 

Onslow 

Newberu 

Bnrrack 

Newbcrn 

Jacks'nv'e 

Lumbert'n 

Clinton 

Lincclnt'u 

Jackson co 

Charlotte 

Moore co 

OnslosN' 

Snow Hill 

Wadcsb'o' 

]\Iadison 

Randolph 

Bl'ckRock 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



Maj. Wni. P. Emanuel 
" Martin G. Zeigler 

Capt. Henry Buisti 
" Wni. L. Campbell 
" T. B. Martin 
" S. B. ileachum 
" Docitheus C. IMoore 
" Jas. 51. ]\Inlvany 
" Thomas Pinckucy 



4C 

C 
271 
11 I 

C 
51 

C 
271 
4C 



Louisa CII.,Va, June 11, 64 Charlest'n 
Stony Cr'k, Va., Mav 7, 64 Cokesb'g 
Petersb'g, Va.,Jnne'24, 64 Charlest'n 
" U:\y 13, 64 Waterb'o' 
" May 7, 64 Spart'sb'g 
Wilderness, Va., Mixy 6, 64 Yorkville 
Jarratl's D't,Va., May 8, 64 Cokesb'g 
Petcrslnirg, Va., May 7, 64 Charlest'n 
Hawes' S'p,Va., May 28, 64 



a Exchanged June 21, 1864. 



APPENDIX 



639 



Rank and Name. 

*lst Lieut. F. M. Baughmai. 

* " A. W. Burt 

" Heuiy J. Clifton 

" W. W. Covington 

T. W. Easterling 

2d Lieut. S. T. Anderson 
W. S. Bissell 
" Willifini Epps 

" J. .J Gallman 

" M. P. Galloway 

" David Gordon 

" Jesse G. Hallford 

" J. A. Jarrelt 

" W. E. Johnson 

" Nathan B. Lusk 



Arm. 


11 


71 


211 


23 1 


5 C 


11 


21 


4C 


51 


23 1 


4C 


81 


C 


7C 


12 1 



Captnre. 

Hanover, Va., May 23, 64 
Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 63 
Petersb'g, Va., June 18,64 

" June 11, 64 
Trevillian's Sta'n, Vu., May la, Gi 
Geltysb'g, Pa., JalylO, 6C 

" July 4. 63 
Louisa CH.,Va, June 11, 64 
Wilderness, Va., May 5, 64 
Pi'tersb'g. Va., June 17, 64 
Louisa CH.,Va, June 11, 64 
C'd Harbor, Va., M;iy 30, 64 
Rocky Creek Sta'n, Va., May 7, 64 
Old Church, Va, May 30, 64 
Wilderness, Va., May 6, 64 



Residence. 

Florence 

Hamburg 

Tim'nsv'Ie 

Ben'tsv'e 

Charlest'n 

Chester 

Charlest'n 

King Tree 

Unionville 

Marlboro 

King Tree 

Tim. Dis. 

Spart'sb'g 

Liberty 

Cherokee 



GEORGIA. 



Maj. D. F. Booton 
Capt. John P. Allen 
" J. D.Ashton 
" Wni. Barnes 
" Thos. M. Carter 
" J. H. Connelly 
" H. R. Deadwyler 
" Wm J. Dumas 
" J. A. Edmunds 
" C. R. Ezell 
" A. C Gibson 
" Willis J. Gorham 
" H. K. Harrison 
" Thos. "W. Harris 
" John J. Henderson 
" F. W. Hopkins 
«' Thos. W. Kent 
" James L. Lemon 
" George W. Lewis 
" Daniel McDonald 
" Andrew J. McLeod 
" J. R McMichael 
" R. L. "ililler 
" Wm. C. Nutt 
1st Lieut. Wm. J. Boswell 
" Jas. J. Boss 

" Sanf. W. Branch 

" Benj. L. Brown 

t " J. L. Burney 

" Thos. J. Carr 

" R. Childs 

J. D. Deloach 
W. H. Deloach 



3C 

55 1 
4C 
9 A 
14 1 

44 1 
38 1 
53 1 
44 1 
41 
41 
Staff 
70 
13 1 
611 
70 
43 1 
18 1 
II 
611 
57 I 
13 1 
70 
53 I 
55 1 
35 1 
81 
59 1 
49 I 
43 1 
41 
611 
70 



E. Tennessee, Jan. 19, 64 
Cum. Gap, Ten., Sep. 19, 63 
Sum'rv'le, Ga., Sep. 13, 63 
Cum. Gap, Ten., Sep. 9, 63 
Wilderness, Va., JMav 6, 64 
Spottsyl'a.Va., May 10,64 
" May 13, 64 
Knoxv']e,Ten.,]Srov.29 6-1 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 10, 64 



Wilderness, Va., May 5, 64 

Trevillian's Sta'n, Va., June 11, G; 

SpoUsyl'a, Va., May 13, 64 

(v (( ii 

Louisa CH.,Va., June 11,64 
Gettysburtr, Pa., July 5, 60 
Knoxv'le.Ten., Nov. 29, 63 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 13, 64 

U <( (I 

Gains' Mill, Va., June 1, 6-1 
Spottsyl'a, Va.,Miy 10,04 
Trevilliau'sStu'n, Va., Junel'J, GI 
Knoxv'le,Ten., Nov. 29, 63 
Cun).Gap,Ten., Sep.9,63 
Wilderness, Va., May 6, 64 
Gettj^sburg, Pa., July 4, 03 
" July 5, 63 
" July 4, 63 

Champion Hill, Miss., May 17, 63 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 10, 64 
" May 13, 64 
Louisa CH.,Va, June 11, 03 



Rome 
Dawson 
Burke co 
Atlanta 
Jaoks'n co 
Griffiu co 
Elbert 
Forsythe c 
Fayettev'e 
Jasper co 
Lagrange 
Ilam't'nco 
Cliat'm CO 
Ogleth'eco 
Irvineville 
I'hmasv'e 
Yv^rightsv 
Cobb CO 
Bainbr'ge 
Brooks CO 
Camden 
IVa Vista 
zVngnsta 
Griffin CO 
Can field 
ilouroe CO 
Savannah 
Ft. Gaines 
Tvviggs CO 
Jeff 'son CO 
Clinton 
Tatnal 
Bryan 



640 



APPENDIX 



Kank and Name. 

1st Lieut. N B. Dnrham 
" Daivl W. Garrett 

" Cliiis'r C. Grace 

J. G. Greer 
W. W. Halbert 
W. D. Ivey 
" Ea2;ene Jeffers 

P. iP. Lyon 
" J. J. Maddox 

Jas. W. Maxwell 
" Jolin G. Morgan 

" M. M. Mo^iely 

" Henry J. Moses 

" G W. Roiigliten 

3d Lieut. W. R. Avant 
" Andrew J. Barton 

" John B. Bently 

" W. C. Cherry 

AV. H. Chew 
" John F Davies 

G. K. Ford 
D. W. Gcodwin 
F. N. Graves 
" Aug. M. Green 

T. J. Gunn 
D. T. Harris 
R. Harvey 



Arm. 


441 


111 


12 1 


41 


41 


13 1 


611 


18 1 


38 1 


50 1 


45 1 


31 


57 1 


49 1 


611 


55 1 


22 1 


41 


7C 


141 


7C 


44 1 


611 


12 1 


511 


211 


70 



Capture. i Residence. 

Spottsyl'a, Ya., May 10, 64 Clarke co 
Wilderness, Va, May 6, 64 ^Morgan co 
" " - " Perry ville 

" " May 5, 64 W't Point 

Spottsyl'a, Va., May 10, 64 Augusta 
" " 10, 64Minford 
" " 12, 64 Macon 
Gains' Mill, Va., June 1,64 Canton 
Locust Gr'e, Va.,May 6, 64 Milton 
C'd Harbor, Va., Juue 1, 64 Coffee co 
Wilderness, Va., May 6, 64' Clinton 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 12, 64 Banks co 
Gains' Mill, Va., June 1 , 64i Blakely 
Locust Gr'e, Va., May 6, 64iSaud'sv'Ie 
Gettysburg, Pa, July 3, 68, Macon 
Cum. Gap, Ten., Sep. 9, eSlGainsville 
Gettysburg, Pa. July 3, 63 Lincolnt'n 
Spottsyl'a^ Va., May 10, 64 W't Point 

Trevinian's St'n, Va., Jane 11,64 AugUSta 
Wilderness, Va., May 6, 64 Amh'st co 
Louisa CH.,Va, Junell,64 Wayne co 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 12, 64 Green sb'o 
" " 12, 64 Lumpk's 
" " " 10,64 Youngsb' 

C'd Harbor, Va., June 1, 64 Houston 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 10,64 Forsythec 
Trevilllan's St'n, Va., June 11, 64 Bryan 



Capt. William Bailey 
" Wm. B. Ballentine 
" G. Finley 
" J. C. Talbot 

1st Lieut. T. S. Armistead 
" Sanders Myers 

2d Lieut. Alex. L. Bull 
" James Collins 

" S.M.Davis 

" Reuben N. HaU 



FLORIDA. 

5 I j Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 63 Leon co 
2 1 " " " 2, 63 Peusacola 

1 Miss'yR'e,Ten,]Srov.23,63 Mariana 
5 I Wilderness, Va., May 6, 64Xake City 
8 1 " " " I Mariana 

4 I [Miss'yR'e,Ten,]Srov.25.63 Apalache 

5 I I Wilderness, Va., May 6, 04 Tallaliasce 
51 " " " jMouticello 
4 I Miss'yR'e,Tea,Nov.23,63 Quincy 
41 I " " " lApalach'a 



ALABAMA. 



Capt. J. W. Burton 

Richard F. Campbell 
Charles E. Chambers 
J. N. Cliisolm 
L. S. Chitwood 
J. H. Ellisoni 



61 


49 1 


13 1 


9 I 


51 


31 



Gettysburg, Pa., July 4, 63 Montgo'ry 
Pt. Hudson, La., July 9, 63 Vill. Spr's 
Gettysburg, Pa., July 4, 63 Tuskegee 
" " " 2, 63 Florence 

Spottsyl'a, Va., May 19, 64 Clayton 
" 19, 64 Mobile 



lEscaped from Hilton Head. 



APPENDIX 



641 



Hank and Name. 

Capt. J. AV. Fannin 

* " J. D. Meadows 
1st Lieut, R. H. Adams 

" J. J. Andrews 

" A. J. Armstrong 

" Dwidit E. Bates 

WmTT. Bishop 
J. D. Bond 
J. P. Breedlove 
" H. A. Cliadbourne 

* " W. N. Cidyard 

Paul H. Erie 
" J. L. Haynes 

" A. J. Kirkman 

" Ed. J. Mastin 

2d Lieut. W. H. Allen 
" W, P. Bass 

* " W. H. Bedell 
" A C. Foster 

" James L.Leonard 



Arm. 

611 
II 

Staff 
Staff 
4GI 
A 
IGI 
59 1 
41 
10 1 
31 
28 I 

14 1 
4C 

Staff 
49 1 

15 1 
1 C 
41 

7 CSC 



Capture. 

Spottsyl'a, Va., May 8, 64 
Pt. Hudson, La., July 9, 63 
Mt.Pleas't, Ten, Sepl 24, 63 i 
Florence, Ala., Nov. 30,63 

Champion Hill, Miss.. May Ifi, 63 
Spolisyl'a, Va., IMav 12, 64 
Bexar, Ala., June 20. 63 | 
Petersburg,Va, June 17, 64j 
Gettysburg, Pa, July 4, 63 
" 2,63 
" " " 3, 63 

Miss'y R'c, Ten, Nov. 23, 63 
Spollsyra, Va., May 12, 64 

Lauderdale co.. Ala., Oct. 30. C3 

Cbarlest'u, Ten, Dec. 28, 63 
Pt. Hudson, La., July 9, 63 
Wilderness, Va., May 6, 64 
Tennessee, Oct. 28, 63 
Florence, Ala , Nov. 30, 63 
Swansboro.NC, Ap. 30,64 



Residence. 

Tuskegce 
Florence 
Farnsdale 
Florence 
Columbia 
Selma 
Florence 
Haynesv'e 
Tuskegee 
Selma 
Mobile 
Jefferson 
Talladego 
Florence 
Huntsv'le 
Gunl'sv'le 
Salem 
I Tall ah' see 
.Florence 
, Tuskegee 



MISSISSIPPI. 



*Major L. Fontaine 

" Thos. H. Johnson 
Capt. Thomas Boyd 
" H. T. Coffee 
" A. J. Lewis 
" Thos. Q. Munce 
" Jos. L. Purgason 
1st Lieut. Charles L. Barrett 
J. C. Carson 
Wm. II. Frizzell 
2d Lieut. John M. Allen 
" Wm. L. Barton 

F. AV. Bessonett 
" Wm. M. Bulloch 

" John R. Cason 

* " A. H. Farrar 

" Timothy Foley 

" Benj. L. Grant 

" Robert J. Howard 

W. T. Jeffries 
" Joel W. Jones 



C 

II 

II 

48 1 
C 
12 1 
32 I 
CLI 
Staff 
12 1 
29 1 
21 

12 1 
48 I 
17 I 

13 1 
19 1 
22 1 

1 I 
C 
1 I 



Lexington,Ala.,Dec. 14,63 Austin 
Pt. Hudson, La., July 9, 63 Fernando 
IMorr'nv'le 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 12, 64 N. Orleans 

Claiborne Co., Miss., Feb. 14, 63 | Natchcz 
Petersb'rfir, Va, June 24, 64 Keenzie 
Nr Corinth, Mis, May 4, 64 P't Gibson 
Pt. Hudson, La., July 9, 63| " 
Trev'sSt'n,Va.,Juue"l2,64 Natchez 
Spottsyl'a, Va., Mav 12, 64' Holmes 
Chickam'a, Ten, Sep. 20, 63 Grenada 
Tupelo, Miss., May 4, 63 | Tupelo 
Chester Gap,Va, July 24, 63 Union 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 12, 64 Bovina 
Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 63 Holly Sp's 

" " 3, 63 Grenada 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 12, 64 Vicksburg 
Fall.Wat's, Va, July 14,63 Pentat'ch 
P't Hudson, La., July 9, 63 Byhala 
Claiborne Co., Miss., Feb. 14. 63 P' t Gibson 

" July9,63.Smilhyille 



Lt.-Col. P. F. DeGournay 

E. S. M. LeBro^on 
Capt. J. G. Angell 
" John Elliott 

41 



LOUISIANA. 



A 


4M 


51 


21 i 



P't Hudson, La., July 9, 63 



N. Orleans 



Rappah'k, Va., Nov. 7, 63 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 12, 64i Floyd 



642 



APPENDIX. 



Kank and Name. 

Capt. E J. nill 
" H. E. Henderson 
" L. Jastraanskie 
" Will. B. Kemp 
" Lewis H. Malarcher 
" W. A. Martiu 
" W. E. O'Reiley 
1st Lieut. J. C. Barlliolemy 
" Jas. D. Bowmaii 

" J. M. Burgess 

" P. H. Cavanaugh 

" Bolivar Edwards 

" J. Fickeisou 

" J. B. Fitzpatrick 

" T. J. Hudsou 

T. E. K Jl.y 
" Dauiel Malmney 

* " John Markew 

2d Lieut. Clias. J. Batclielor 
" Clias. A. Chisliolm 

" "J. It. Ci)ttiiiglium 

A. V. Duialde 
" Rich. M. Fletcher 

" J. L. Ileinpslead 

" John Kiliuartin 

* " S. H. May 



Arm. 


1 c 


Staff 


10 1 


9U 


71 


71 


91 


20 1 


15 1 


81 


1 I 


C 


14 1 


141 


91 


CI 


10 1 


11 


21 


10 1 


31 


91 


2 1 


25 I 


71 


10 1 



Capture. i Residence. 

P't Hudson, La., July 9, 63 N. Orleans 
Wilderness, Va., May 5, 64 Alexaud'a 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 12, 64 Aberville 
P't Hudson, La., July 9, 63 Green.sbo' 
Wilderness, Va., May 5, 64 N. Orleans 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 19, 64 B'n Rouge 
Kapp'k St'u, Va., Nov. 7 63 N. Orleans 
P't Hudson, La, May 23, 63 St. James 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 12, 64 Bastrop 

" " " |Holinesv'e 

Wilderness, Va., May 5, 64 Liberty 
P't Hudson, La, May 23, 63 Covingt'n 
Nr N. Ann,Va., May 23, 64, N. Orleans 

SpottsyVa, Va., May 12, 64 



Gettysburg, Pa., July 5, 63 " 

Spottsyl'a, Va., May 12, 64, Red River 

11 11 11 11 

Haines' B'ff, Mis, Ap. 30, 63 Columbia 
P't Hudson, La., July 9, 63 B'n Rouge 
Spottsyl'a, Va , May 12, 64 Vernon 
Wilderness, Va., May 5, 64 Dubuque 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 12, 64 N. Orleans 
Gettysburg, Pa., July 5, 63 1 " 



TEXAS. 



Capt. R. C. Gillespie 
1st Lieut. W. A. Collin 
J. E. Cobb 
T. J. Duval 
2d Lieut. S. G. Adamsou 
H. Coffee 



45 1 


71 


51 


33 C 


33 C 


IC 



Sth West'n Va., Oct. 25, 63,F't Worth 
Raymond, Miss, May 12, 63 } Coffecv'le 



Gettysburg, I'a., July 2, 63 
Deer C'k, Mis., Jan. 14, 64 
NrMcMinnville, Tenn., Oct. 4, 63 
Nr Franklin, Tenn., AprU 27, 63 



Liberty 
Anderson 
Fanuin 
Dangerf'd 



ARKANSAS. 



Col. V. n. M.anning 
Major Wm. E. Siewart 

" Micajali R. Wilson 
Capt. David Arbuckle 

" J. L. Brent 

" George K. Cracraft 

" David B. Coulter 

* " W. A. Ferring 
" A. B. I.M'ael 

* " H. L. W. Johnson 
" J. M. G. Jones 

" John C. Patterson 
1st Lieut. J. B. Baxter 
" P. H. Benson 



31 
15 1 

1 I 
171 
18 1 
23 1 

12 1 
3CSI 

1 C 

13 1 
C 

141 
23 1 
23 1 



Wilderness, Va., May 6, 64 Hamburg 
P't Hudson, La., July 9, 63 Madison 
Hamburg 



F't Smith 

Lenville 

LakeVill'e 

Center 

Litt. Rock 

Powhatan 



Arkansas, Sept. 8, 63 
Missouri, Dec. 25, 63 
P't Hudson, La., July 9, 63 Arkadel'a 
Ark.insns Line, Oct. 4, 63 Berrvville 
P't Hudson, La., July 9,63, Yellville 
" " " Monroe 

" *' " Ijoncsborc 



APPENDIX 



643 



Rank and Name. 

1st Lieut. D. T. Bronaugh 

C. W. Cargill 
Ct. "W. Carter 

* " J.W.Greer 

W. A. Hancock 

" Madison Hixsou 

2d Lieut. Cicero M. Allea 

* " ]\I. S. Bradburn 

* " W. B. Burnett 

O. H. P. Caldwell 

D. M. Coffniau 

t " Robert Y. Dillard 

W. C. D. Evaus 
T, P. Peak 



Arm. 


161 


10 1 


23 1 


23 1 


C 


16 1 


2C 


16 1 


101 


19 1 


C 


161 


17 1 


A 



Capture. 
Ft Hudson, La, July 9, 63 



Arkadelp'a, Ar , Oc. 30, 63 
P't Hudson, La., July 9, 63 
C'dW'rF'd,Mip,]Srov.3,03 
P't Hudson, La., July 9, 64 

Big Bl'k, Miss., May 17, 63 
Missouri, Dec. 25, 03 
Ft Hudson, La., July 9, 63 
Natchez, Miss., Dec. 25, 63 



Residence. 

Liberty 

Litt. Rock 

Arkadel'a 

Helena 

Marion 

Clarksv'le 

JIarion 

Liberty 

Marion 

Magnolia 

■>mitliville 

N'ashville 

Wash'ton 



MISSOURI. 



Capt^Peter Ake 

t " Moses J. Bradford 
" J. G. Kellcy 
" Schuyler. Lowe 

1st Lieut. Alex. M. Bedford 
" Wm. Haliburton 

3d Lieut. Peter G. Benton 
" George C. Brand 



3C 
10 1 
Staff 

A 
3G 

C 
81 
2C 



Helena, Ark., Nov. 3, 63 llventon 
" " July 4, 63 iRalcigh 

Smithv'le,KC.,Feb.29,64 St. Louis 
Rodney, Miss., Jan. 29, 64 Indepen'e 
Big Bl'k, Miss., May 17, 63 Savannah 
Laurence co., Ar., Oc. 7, 63 Dent 
Helena, Ark'., July 4, 63 iCassville 
Holly Spr's, Mis., Slay 3, 63 Brownsv'g 



KENTUCKY. 



Col. G. W. Woolfolk 1 
Major .1. Bennett McCreary 
Capt. John B. Austin 
" Thos. E. Eastin 
" T. M. Hammack 
" R. D. Logan 
" M. D. Logan 
" C. L. Miner 
" Al marine A. Norris 
1st Lieut. W. P. Crow 
B S. Drake 
W. T. Dunlap 
" Hugh P. Dunlap 

" Felix G. Eakius 

" Isham A. Fox 

W. A. Kendall 
" Barnaby Logsbon 

" Ilansal Moles 

" George C. Nash 

2d Lieut. M. L. Aldrich 

S. P. AUensworth 



CSC 


7C 


3C 


8C 


IOC 


6C 


3C 


C 


C 


6C 


2C • 


2C 


IOC 


12 C 


7C 


3C 


IC 


7C 


6C 


3C 


2C 



Ohio, July, 1863 
Cheshire,'Ohio, July 20, 63 
Dickson co. Ten, Oc. 27, 63 

Pnffington's 1 sl'd, C, July 10, 63 
PaUland,Ohio, July 10,63 
Cheshire, Ohio, July 20, 63| 
Laucast er,Ohio, July 25, 63 
Ohio, July, 1863 
Cheshire, Ohio, July 20, 63 

It (« u 

Buffington Isl'd, Ohio, July 19, 63 
Cheshire, Ohio, July 20, 63 



Buffington Isl'd, Ohio, July 19, 63 
Clieshire, Ohio, July 20, 63 
Charlest'n,Ten., Dec. 28, 63 
Cheshire, Ohio, July 20, 63 

Bufflngton Isl'd.Ohio, July 19,63 
Syracuse, Ohio, July 20, 63 
Saliuesv'e, Ohio, Oct. 26, 63 



Paducah 

Richmond 

Charlotte 

Lexington 

JJorganf'd 

Danville 

Lancaster 

Waco 

Buskville 

Stanford 

Lexington 

Marshall 

Paris 

Henders'n 

Richmond 

Denton 

Fairmount 

Alleghany 

Owen 

Dallas CO 

Todd CO 



1 Escaped August 21tb, while the steamer Crescent was aground at Cape 
Rorauu Light, S. C. 



614 



APPENDIX 



Kank and Name. 


Arm. 


2d Lieut. S. S. Atkins 


IOC 


A. B. Ghinn 


8C 


" S. M. Cowan 


^C 


" W. B. Ford 


8C 


R. B. Hayuca 


3 C 


J. S. Hn?hes 


6C 


G. AV. Hunter 


8C 


" AVm. F. Leathers 


7C 


" Benj. F. McNear 


6C 


" J. 0. Meadows 


3C 


" J. D. Morris 


8C 


L. D. Newlou 


3C 


D N. Prewett 


6C 


Chas. E. Richards 


5C 



Catpture. 



Residence. 



Buffington Isl'd, Ohio, July 19, 63 



Mt. Lib'ty, O'o, July 18, 63 W.Libcrty 
Cheshire, Ohio, July 20, 63 Lexington 
Somerset 
Winch'ter 
Denton 
Stanford 
Cheshire, Ohio, July 20, 63 Bardst'n 

BufBnston Isl'd, Ohio, July 19, G?,\ L'renceb'g 
Chesliire, Ohio, July 20, 03()wenton 
Syracuse, Oliio, July 20, 63' Bonham 

Buffington Isl'd, Ohio, July 19, GV Winch'ter 
" " " lUnion 

" iPerryville 
Cheshire, Ohio, July 20, 63i Warray 



TENNESSEE. 



Col. A. Fulkerson 

Lt.-Col. T. N. Daugherty 

Capt. II Baker 
" J. W. Bovd 1 
" J. H. Burke 
" G. R. Campbell 
" Leroy P. Carson 
" W. M. Craft 
" W. N. James 
" Samuel J. Johnson 
" James P. Lvlle 
" J. R. McCailum 
" Jolin Nicks 
" F. F. Perkins 
" James H. Polk 

1st Lieut. Elijah Boddie 

t " W. P. Callahan 

* " J. M. Cash 

" M. A. Douglas 

"• Henry C. Fleming 

t " Thos. J. Goodloe 

" P. D. Hunter 

" C. L. Hutche'^on 

• " John D. Jenkins 
" J. F. Lauderdale 
" Jesse Ledford 

" Sidney A. Morgan 

2d Lieut. W. H. Adams 
W. E. Allen 
" W. H. Anderson 

" B. Arnold 

" J. G. S. Arrants 

" Thos. E. Bradley 



63 1 


8C 


3C 


6C 


2C 


C 


3.-, I 


C 


44 1 


25 I 


23 1 


63 1 


C 


11 C 


1 c 


71 


23 1 


4C 


44 1 


2.5 I 


411 


8 


63 I 


14 1 


2 


25 1 


25 I 


51 I 


6 ) I 


1 C 


2.1 


63 I 
9-\ T 



Petersb'g, Va., June 17, 64|Rogersv'la 
Livingston, Ten., Feb. 8, 64;Livingst'n 
Tennessee, Sept. 10, 63 Natchez 
Corinth, Miss., July 1, 63 i Jackson 
Lancaster, Ky., July 1.5, 63 Knoxville 
Shelby v'e, Ten, Oct. 29, 63 Manch'ter 

Peqiwtohoe"Val.,Ten.,Ang 1963 McMinnv' 
W't Tennessee, Feb. 26, 63 Nashville 
Petersb'sr, Va., June 17, 64 Carthage 
Dr'ry's B'ff, Va, May 16, 64 Sparta 
Bean's S'n. Ten, Dec. 1 4, 6:1 Unionville 
Petersb'g, Va., June 17, 64 Knoxville 
Hickman CO., Tenn., Dec. 25, 63 I Hawkins 
Willi-imson co , Tenn., Doc, 8. 03 Franklin 
Mitldie Tenn., Jan. 14, 64 j Ashwood 
Wilderness, Va., May 5,64 Gallatin 
Petersb'g, Va., June 17, 64 Livingst'n 
Lexington, Ky., Feb. 8, 641 " 
Petersb'g, Va., Juno 17, 64 Gallatin 
Dr'ry's B'ff,Va., May 1 6, 64 Spencer en 
" " " I Winch'ter 

Cam. Gap, Ten., Sep. 9, 63 Nashville 
Petersb'g, Va., June 17,64 Georget'n 
Wilderness, Va., May 5,64 Clarksv'e 
Spr. Place, Ga., Fct). 29,64 Claiborne 
Petersb'g, Va., June 17, 64 Livingsi'a 
Spr. Place, Ga., Feb. 29,64 Sparta 
Nr Ringg'd, Ga, Nov. 25, 63 Covington 
liig Black, Mis., May 17, 63 Newport 
Columbia. Ten., Oct. 11, 63 Murray 
Hnntsville, Al., Feb. 24, 64 Spirii 
Petersb'g, Va., June 17, 64 Zolliroffer 
Chickam'a, Ten, Sep. 19, 63, Smith o 



1 Removed fiom " the pen," October 11, 1863, 



^' 



APPENDIX 



645 





Rank and Name. | 


Arm. 


*t2dLieut.R. C.Bryan 


2C 


" 


J. A. Burnett 


50 1 


i( 


Win. N. Cameron 


25 1 


t ;; 


W. C. Campbell 


25 1 




Henry H. Cook 


44 1 


u 


C. D. Covington 


45 1 


" 


Wm. B. Easley 


48 1 


<l 


G. R. Elliott 


41 


11 


A. J. Elzey 


17 1 


" 


Z. W. Ewing 


17 1 


it 


J. H. Hastings 


17 1 


11 


J. H. Henderson 


311 


«' 


John M. Henry 


441 


" 


John W. Hoo berry 


44 1 


u 


J. J. Irvine 


9C 


" 


T. Irwin 


111 


" 


W. C. Knox 


4C 


" 


Joseph B. Lewis 


IC 



Capture. 

Salem,vMiss , April 13, 63 
Spottsyl'a, Va., May 12, 64 
Dr'ry's B'ff, Va., May 16, 64 
Petersb'g, Va,, June 17, 64 
Dr'ry's B'ff, Va., May 16, 64 
Lebanon, Ten., Feb. 6, 63 
Hickman, Ten., Jan. 23, 64 
Wliite CO., Ten., Jdn. 8,64 
Petersb'g, Va., June 17, 64 



Monroe CO., Ten., Feb 2,64 

Petersb'g, Va., June 17, 64 

«( li ii 

Murray, Ten., Nov. 8, 63 
Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 63 
Wilson CO., Ten., No. 15, 63 
Union co., Ten., Dec. 4, 63 



Kesldence. 

LaGrange 

Blountsv'e 

Sparta 

Cooksville 

Franklin 

Lebanon 

Vernon 

Alleghany 

Columbia 

Lewisburg 

Shelbyv'le 

Madis'nv'e 

Hartsville 

Nashville 

Columbia 

Nashville 

Shelbyv'le 

Rutledge 



SIGHS AKD EHYMES 



IFOK^T HDEXjj^'VT'.A.I^.E, 



C647J 



SIGHS AND RHYMES AT FORT DELAWARE. 



A PEISOK SIGH. 

By S. J. JOICE. 

From out these vaults, so dim and gloomy, 
Where hang the cold shades heavily, 
Into the bright air, vast and roomy, 
How blessed would the passage be 1 

Afar I see the landscape glowing, 
"With Spring's first blossoms all aglcam, 
While round me Delaware's tide, full flowing. 
Is glancing in the sun's warm beam. 

You spreading fields, with verdure swelling, 
Those distant hills of mystic gray, 
The fresh'uing gales from Ocean welling. 
To chase the fleecy clouds away ; 
The budding fruits and clustering bowers, 
Beckoning swains and maidens there. 
May soothe the hearts, in lovers' hours, 
Of those, who never knew more fair. 

But of tliese scenes, nor of tJiese waters 
Is my sad spirit now a dream ; 
I sigh for those, and fairer daughters, 
That dwell beyond Potomac's stream. 

As some lone bird of golden pinion 
Forc'd from his fairy laud of song 
And cag'd in strangers' cold dominion, 
I pine in silence o'er my wrong. 

But memory 1 which dark'ning bastions, 
Nor prison bolts, nor bars can slay, 
Free from oppression's power, still hastens 
Back to those lov'd ones far away. 
(649) 



ti50 SIGHS AND RHYMES AT FOET DELAWARE. 



LIBEETY — A SONNET. 

By S. J. JOICE. 

Bright Goddess of the undaunted mind ! 
Brighter when tyrants seek thy form to bind 
With fetters, and in dayless vaults 
And prison gloom thy votaries confine, 
Than when on mountain heath or forest wild 
Thou roam'st with nature's untaught child, 
Or, with the conqueror, in thy fight exults ! 

For here thy habitation is the soul, 
Heroic and unquell'd, whose control 
Can despot's power and will defy; 
And though in chains, tlie lengthen'd scroll 
Of history's deathless heroes reads, 
"Whose blood and suflferings grow the seeds 
Thy martyrs' strength and hope supply. 



YIEGINIA! 

Bt J. P. FITZGERALD, Lt.-Col. 23d Req't. Va. Inf'T. 

Virginia I thy sons may ever be proud, 
To claim thee as their native State, 
Though round thee hangs a darksome cloud, 
Of foemea's rage and Northmen's hate. 
To-day, thy streams with blood are red, 
Thy fields are strewn with noble dead; 
Thy daugliters weep for loved ones slain, 
Who ne'er shall smile on them again ; 
Thy capital's infested by a horde 
Of foes, insatiate, boasting loud ^ 
Who cry, "Come yield unto us now 
And to the yoke thy proud neck bow." 
But thou dost bear as proud a mien 
As e'er on battle-field was seen. 
And j'ct will strike the deadly blow, 
To lay the boasting Northmen low. 



SIGHS AND EHYMES AT FORT DELAWARE. 651 

Thy captive sou sends forth the prayer, 
That God his mighty arm will bare, 
To shield, protect thee, and defend 
My Mother dear, from such an end. 
God grant that it may ne'er be said, 
" Virginia has bowed her towering head ; " 
And never may this word be spoke, 
«< Virginia has passed beneath the yoke." 
But bright on each historic page. 
May her name descend from age to age, 
Be handed down to other climes 
Renowned for virtue, unsoiled by crimes ; 
Others learning from her story. 
Virtue's path is that of glory. 



June 4, 1864. 



"WHAT IS LIFE? 

Bt gen. E. B. VANCE. 

I saw a child with beaming eye, 

And shining, golden hair, 
Who chas'd, in glee, a butterfly 

From stem to flow'ret fair; 
*"Tis life," he laughed — the sweet, wee thing- 

" To watch its happy flight. 
As o'er the mead its radiant wing 

Cuts through the mellow light." 

A boy stood by, of noble form, 

And firm, elastic tread; 
Whose dreaming look, and ardor, warm. 

To all around him said: 
*"Tis life to pass tliis youthful hour — 

My banner wide uufurl'd — 
And, with the strength of manhood's pow'r,. 

Make combat with the world." 

A maiden by the altar knelt. 

The true afliauc'd bride 
Of one for whom she deeply felt 

Love's holy, blissful tide; 



652 SIGHS AND EHYME3 AT FORT DELAWARE. 

And softly broke her gentle tone 

Upon my list'ning ear: 
"'Tis life to know he is my own, 

Ah! mine alone fore'er ! " 

Forth from the crowd a hero came, 

On prancing, dashing steed, 
Who oft amid tlie battle's flame 

Had made his foeman bleed ; 
"'Tis life," he cried, "to sweep the field 

With keen and flushing blade. 
Where man, and horse, and broken shield, 

In bloody heaps are laid ! " 

Then long I gazed on child and boy. 

The maiden in her bloom ; 
And scruiiuizL'd the bounding joy 

Which gilds the victor's jjlume; 
And queried, in my inmost hcarl. 

My soul with feeling rife: 
"Is this, in truth, our only part, — 

Can this, indeed, be ' life ' ? " 

As thus I etood, an aged man 

Went slowly, feebly by. 
Whose hoary locks, an I closing span. 

Proclaimed the time to die: 
"'Tis LIFE," he said, with parting breath, 

"To know our sins forgiven; 
To gain the victory over death. 

That we may live in Heaven I" 

PoKT Delaware, MayTlh,l%&i. 



SONNET. 

Br WILLIAM P. CARTER.-C Infantrt. 

They tell me that tlie glorious spring has gone. 
And that its mellow tones liave passed away 

I cannot tell. The voices of the morn 
Seem hushed forever ; the dying daj 



SIGHS AND EHYMES AT FORT DELAWARE. 

Leaves not its halo on the spirit's shrine, f 

Nor does the woodbird ia her joyous glee^ ^^ 
Pipe her sweet notes of melody sublime , 

To pass this cup of bitterness from me. ; 
I would that I might climb some rugged steep, 

And watch the cloudlets change from blue to gold, 
And hear those summer winds like Mara weep, 

To drive this mount of chaos from my soul ; 
I would that I might join that augel band. 

Or view, once more, my own, my native land. 

Fort Delaware, Aug. lith, 1864. 



653 



TO MY WIFE. 

Bt s. j. joice. 

When, first, in all thy youthful charms, 

Aud dazzling beauty's pride, 
I took thee to my wedded arms, 

A trusting, loving bride, 
I felt that thou wouldst prove to me, 

Through life, a faithful guide, 
A guardian angel o'er my way, 

Whatever fate betide. 

And thou hast been as firm to me. 

As loving and as true. 
As fancy's vision painted thee. 

Or youthful hopes then drew. 
When fortune smiled upon our way, 

Tliy modest worth was seen, 
Mellowing its deceitful ray 

With pure and steady beam ; 
Thy wings towards the dangerous light 

Were never far displayed. 
But loving still the good and right 

Its glare had not betrayed. 

And when by sore affliction tried. 
Our hearts with anguish riven, 

Thy trusting faith our tears hast dried, 
Calm, anchored fast in heaven. 



654 SIGHS AND RHYMES AT FORT DELAWARE. 

1 saw Ihee then, thy fragile form 
Trembling ami bow'd with care, 

Resigning to the Almighty arm, 
Our cherubs "would not spare. 

In that sad hour I learned thy worth, 

Thy martyr's soul and faith, 
Which sufTring for their love and truth* 

Could'st nobly bear tbe scathe. 
And now when stern oppression's power 

Is laid upon thy heart, 
And his which should in trial's hour 

From thine not beat apart, 
I3 doomed withia a duugc>ou's gate 

To languish time awaj"-, 
Thy spirit calmly meets the fate. 

And bides the conquering day. 

Thus, as from out my prison's gloom 

I see athwart the tide 
Yon beacon tower the waste illume, 

The mariner to guide. 
So in tiie storms of life dost thou 

Thy steady beam display. 
To guide my storm-worn, wand'ring prow 

Safe to the hoped-for bay. 



LIl^ES. 

Inscribed to a rTiotograph of Lieut-Gen. T. J. Jackson, 
By a young DELAWAREAN. 

Each one that gazes on thy picture, feels 

None was so fit to wear the virtuous seals 

The Gods impress upon the brow at birth 

Of those designed to glorify the earth. 

As thou O Jackson ! Christian ! Hero ! Sage I 

Who shed such lustre o'er tiie darkened age 

When despots strove by force of hireling clan 

To crush to earth the heritage of man ! 

To majce them clasp -tiie hand that bound the chain 

Round those who "knew their rights and dared maintain" 



SIGHS AND EHYMES AT FOET DELAWAEE. 655 

Them 'gainst the fierce assaults of usurped power 

By perjured despots — tyrants of the hour, 

Who'd quench the flame of freedom once so bright 

In this fair land, and plunge in darkest night 

The star of hope that erst so proudly rose 

To cheer its friends and terrify its foes ! 

But He who holds i 11 nations in his fist, 

Called men to arms determiued to resist 

This giant long of Tyranny accurst, 

And swear that ere they'd yield would perish first ! 

Thou heard'st 'cross distant hills the opening roar 

Of guns that echoed in Old Baltimore ; 

Then, like a lion starting from its lair, 

Thou pauovid but hmg cuoagu to breu,lhe a prayer. 

Then Godlike rose and stemmed the torrent tide 

That poured along Virginia's valleys wide, 

And showed the world that States when once made free, 

At tyrant's nod no more would bow the kneel 

But thou hast fallen ere the fight was o'er ! 

Thy plume shall wave on battle-field no more ! 

Ko more wilt lead 'mid carnage undismayed 

The fearless veterans of thy Old Brigade ! 

No more with victory's shouts thy prayers ascend 

To Him who was and is thy country's greatest friend I 

Deep grief upheaves thy own Virginia's breast, 

Whose bitter tears refuse to be suppressed 

'Till her proud brow again with freedom glows, 

And she shall ride in triumph o'er her foes 1 , 

From thy low grave let sculptured marble rise. 
Whose topmost stone shall kiss the Southern skies. 
To mark the spot where sainted "Stonewall" lies. 

Fort DexAwaee, March 1st, 1864. 



DEATH IN THE BEIDAL CHAMBER 

An Incident of the siege of Charleston. 
By gen. R. B. VANCK. 

The Federal papers reported the death of the beautiful Misa P , of 

Charleston, under the following circumstances: She was on the floor to bo 



656 SIGHS AND RHYMES AT FORT DELAWARE. 

married to Lieut. D R , the minister had just asked her if she was ready, 

wlien a shell brolie tlirougli tlie roof, mortally wounding her. As she lay in 
her bridal robes, the life-blood ebbing, the ceremony proceeded. When it 
came to her turn to respond, she struggled to articulate, but finally answered 
"yes," dying immediately; her husband vowing to perish in battle with her 
BQUJ'derers. 

The snow-white robe was placed upon 

The maiden's litlie and graceful form; 
And near her stood the gallant one 

Who won her in the battle's storm; 
So pnjud his glance, so glad her smile, 

With tlieir happy friends beside them, 
It seemed that earth or earthly yiiile 

Might never again divide them. 

"Dear maiden! art thou ready now?" 

Thus gently spake the man of God ; 
The blushing cheek, the calm, sweet brow, 

Proclaimed the power of Cupid's rod. 
•But ah ! there's naught on earth secure ; 

E'en love itself is sad and brief; 
The bright young life, the good and pure. 

Are dying like the autumn leaf. 

The missile dread rushed through the air; 

It burst upon the peaceful scene ; 
The lovely girl, so brave, so fair, * 

Showed death upon her virgin mien ; 
And while with sobs the rites were spoke, 

That he his bride might there possess; 
She struggled ere her spirit broke, 

And e'en in dying answered "yes." 

Many a story's writ in gold 

Of withered hopes and broken bliss ; 
But bard nor minstrel e'er hath told 

A nobler, sadder one than tliis. 
Then strike the lyre's most mournful strings, 

To music's soft and soothing tone; 
Let sorrow ope her chastening wings, 

For her that's gone and him that's lone. 

Oh! daughters of the dear Southland! 

Embalm willi tears your sister's fate; 
'Twill whet her soldier husband's brand, 

And soften, too, his bitter hale ; 



SIGHS AND RHYMES AT FORT DELAWARE. 657 

For surely on the red, dun field, 

Though cimnou sweep the plain with fire, 

Her angel soul will be his shield, 

And mercy's smile will change his ire. 

But not alone will shadows deep 

O'ercast the face of Southland's maids; 
Columbia's daughters all will weep 

That one so true, so early fades : 
And beauty's voice in every clime, 

Tliougli he by some is unforgiv'n. 
Will sigliing chant a dirge sublime. 

For Iier who thus has passed to Heav'nl 
Fort Delaware, May lOih, 1803. 



TWO LITTLE HILLS. . 

By S. J. JOICE. « 

I'm weary to-night, and my lireast feels the chills . 

And lonely damps of my prison gloom; 
But I'm thinking of two dear little hills, 

Now fresh -with the buds of spring's first bloom. 

Four summers ago they were far less green ; 

"When the earth was d^ig, the tuif was bare ; 
But we planted flowers, and the violet's sheen 

Now brightens the place and scents the air, 

'T!s a dear sacred spot ; and often, as now. 
When all is hushed save the sentry's crj'. 

From my dungeon bed I breathe a vow 

To the sainted souls whose forms there lie. 

And I Icuow, at this hour, there's one with me 

"Will mingle her tliouglits and prayers with mine, 

Hor fetters nor prisons, our spirits free 

Can slay from communion at that dear shrine. 

On the blades and flowers the moonbeams sleep, 
And pearly dew-drops sparkle the grass, 

Aud angel spirits through the s'.iaclov/s creep. 
And round the dear hillocks seem to pass- 

42 



65S SIGHS AND RHYMES AT FORT DELAWARE. 

Two fair little cherubs, at such hours, 

My fancy pictures are ever near, 
Nesllcd beneath the leafy bowers, 

Watching the forms that are sleeping there. 

But I'm sinking to rest, with the hope that soon 
Fiom the tyrant's chains and prison free, 

As oft before in the flowery June, 

I'll visit that spot, dear Mother, with thee. 
Poet Delaware, 2Iay 21s<, 1SC4. 



MY STAB OP BETHLEHEM. 
Bt capt. wm. p. cakter. 

Night, Mother 1 beautiful and still as Death ! 
Night on the ocean's deep blue bosomed crest ! 
Night on the blood-stained tombs of martyred souls 1 
Night on the dear old hills where I was born ! 

And I have thought beneath the silent stars — 
Not of the mailed arm and barbed steed. 
The crashing thunder and the lightning's shock, 
Not of the battle and its mighty boon 
Of victory ! 

But here alone I've thought. 
As yon old moou doth ply her steady course 
Through tlic bright folds of all that's beautiful — 
I've thought of thee, and home (our mountain home). 
The corniced walls, the moon-faced ticking clock, 
The rare old hall, the glass-eyed rocking-horse, 
The years ngone, the past, the buried years 
Entombed amid a thousand joys for me — 
Entombed amid a thousand woes for thee — 
How like a thoughtless boy I caused tiiea pain. 
And thou the while my Star of Bethlehem I 

Mother! on memory's disc that star still beams. 

It docs not fide; its radiance cannot die; ; 

Umlimmcd ils luster by the rust of j-ears — 

A breast-high guerdon 'mid tlicse prison walls ^* 

It bads me through the valley of our gloom, 

And here upon the threshold of to-night — 



SIGHS AND RHYMES AT FORT DELAWARE. 659 

Resplendent in the glory of its stars — 
It stands a charmed alchemy; a beacon light, 
It blazes up above its sister spheres 
Bright as the Amethyst in Moran's rills. 

Night, Mother ! beautiful and still as Death ! 
And thou hast knelt around our gcutlc board — 
I know thy prayer hast gone away to Heaven. 

And here beneath the silent, summer stars, 

All hallowed in the memory of thee, 

I send me up an offering to God 1 

The same that thou did'st leach in other years, 

The same that thou hast prayed this very night: 

That / may meet thee in the Spirit Land. 

FoBT i>BI<AWAB£, August 14, 1864. 



LINES TO THE AUTHOR 

By gen. M. JEFF. THOMPSON. 



Dear Doctor: 



'Twould be wrong in one of my small learning. 
To say your sage advice I'm spurning, 

Tliough I heed not as I should : 
For with all your love and kindly teaching. 
Example good and pious preaching, 

I can't believe, e'en if I would. 
I bow my head in admiration 
Of those who, seeking their salvation. 

Obey ihe " Law up to the letter." 
And if on Judgment-d^y I'm there. 
In your behalf I'll gladly swear 

Tliat you tried to make me better; 
But the Devil had so much the start, 
That all the goodness you'd imparl 

Couldn't driv3 him from my body. 
For though I do things "on the square," 
He sometimes makes me " cuss and swear^^ 

And take a little toddy. 



660 



SIGHS AND RHYMES AT FORT DELAWARE. 

But noue kuow, Doctor, as well as you, 

That to " Charity " and " Hope " I am as true 

As though no "Faith" were lacking; 
And should we meet on the aforesaid day 
I hope, riffiit then, to hear you say. 

That you will do my " backing" 



I 



ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF NAMES. 



(661) 



ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF NAMES.* 



Ahl, Capt. George W., passim 
Alexander, Kuv. Arcli., D. D., 104 
Alexander, J. McD., 104, 105, IIG, 127, 

145 
Alexander, Junius B., 76, 93, 111, 

114, 118, 12G, 138 
Alkire, Jos. L., IIG, 126, 162, 288 
Allen, Capt. Henry A., 450, 480 
Allen, Lieut. Jolui C, 459 
Ambrose, Henry, 79, 197 
Anderson, Major, 455 
Anderson, Capt. James, 582 
Anderson, Colonel, 532 
Andrews, Lieut. James J., 397, 400, 

455 
Angell, Capt. J. G., 440, 504 
Appleton, (Del ), IGO 
Archer, Gen. James J., 166, 455 
Armsey, Maj. Tliop. D., 240, 246 
Armistead, Lieut. T. S.,449, 480. 493 
Armstroufic, Rev. Dr. G. D., 314, 315 
Arnett, Capt., 586 
Arnott, Dr., (Norlli) 64, 101, 135 
Ashby, Col. Turner, 305 
Atwood, John A., 15, 20, 56, 78, 114, 

164,205,220 
Aud, Car)t. Wm. T., 393, 447, 590 
Bailey, Lieut. R. II. C, 541, 501 
Bailey, Lieut. A. II., 493, 556, 587 
Bain, Rev. G.M.. 301, 329 
Baird, Rev. Dr. E. T., 151 
Baird, Rev. Dr. S. J., 150, 151,162 
Baird, Afljt.Wm.B., 544 
Baker, Miss, (Ball.), 490 



Ball, Owen D., 2 

Ball, Capt. H. A., 15, 30, 56, 81, 106, 

111, 119, 142, 153, 154, 164, 169, 181, 

182,194,216,230,230 
Ball.Mrs. H.A,G3 
Ball, Maj.Cliarles, 1-^5, 155 
Barcoe, Lieut. J. P., G;)3 
Barker, Dr., (Norlli) 404 
Barclay, Lieut. A. T., 556, 585, 595, 

597 
Bates, lion. Danl. M., 149 
Baxlev.W. II. G., 81,02,317 
Bell, Lieut. E. Lee, 439, 493 
Bell, Rev. Thos. D., 531 
Bennett, Capt. W. H., 442, 493, 603 
Bennett, Capt. C. L., 414, 459, 576, 

593 
Bentley, E. L., 517, 529 
Bernard, Rev. O., 124 
Bernard, Capt. J. T., 124 
Belt, A. Campbell, 20, 83, 90, 110, 

121, 147, 148, 149, 153, 150, 158, 

103, 168, 1G9, 1T3, 195, 190, 200, 204, 

210.216,220,221,235,827 
Helt, Mrs. A. C, 63, 110, 140, 163 
Black, Adjt.,(Nonli) 211, 212 
Bnarman, Capt. Alex., 555, 593 
Bochello, Rev. Mr , 25 
Bond, Hon. HuL^h L., 260, 267, 268, 

209, 270, 283, 820, 8S3 
Boone, Lieut, 584, 5S3 
Botts, Hon. Jolm JMinor, 209 
Boucher, Jos. AV., 380, 889, 588 
Bovey, Major, 3 



* Errors in initials and ortho-raphy which have inadvertent y crept into 
the body of the work, are carefully corrected in llio Indc.^, m) liir as ascer- 
tained. This List does not include the names of sneh as arc enrolled with the 
•* Six Hundred," unless elsewhere to be found m the booli. 

(663) 



664 



ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF NAMES. 



Boyle, Adjt. Frnncis A.. 493,528, 533, 

53G, 54'J. 554, 559,580 
Bradley, Willi;. ni, 1G6 
Bradlcv, W. A , Esq , G4 
Brad fold, bkughter, 209, 210, 211, 

213 213 
Bnulford, Rev. T. T., 129, 14G 
Bradsliau, Klv. Mr. 
Bragg, Gen. Dra.vion, 223, 303 
Brauer, licv. Andrew, 127 
Brainerd, Itcv. Dr. Thos., 35, 36, 40, 

41 
Breckenridnrc-, Rev. Dr. R. J., G9, 358, 

3GG, 443, 4G3 
BrcreU'v, Lieiit.,501. 587 
Brewer, CI. Jas. F., 8G4, 385 
Bright, Wlliani, 14, 17, 24, 30, 43, 

48,49,54,58.00,117 
Brlsled, 383 
Brogden, Harry IT., 14, 17,23,43,240 

245, 247, 250, 2.)0, 2G4, 303, 313, 334 

S3G, 337, 3:jn, 335, 337, 340, 341, 353, 

354, C50, 357, 358, 359, 375, 397, 403, 

404,408,409 
Bromlev, (P.>ripmont1i), 87 
Brouangli, Lieul. .J. C, 491, 593 
Br(joks^(P()rlsni()utIi), 87 
Brown, Col. Win. F., 444 
Brown, (Alabama), 93, 99, 103, 105, 

109 
Brown, J. IT., 541, 5G1 
Brown, Mrs. Ilarnian, 518 
Brownley. 147 
Buckler.'Dr., (Ball o) 338 
Bullitt, Lieut. Tlios. W., 535,549, 554 
Buchanan, Picsideiit Jas., 39 
Bulloch. Lie lit. Wm.M.,433,440,451 

479, 43G. 405 
Bullock, licv. Dr , 270, 358 
Bullock. M i R. S., 358, 368, 384, 425, 

455,510,533,570 
Burke, C'a|it., 473. 480 
Burnside, Gvn , 304 
Burroughs, Col.. 2G1 
Burrows, Uev. Dr., 586 
Burrows. Cipt. II. Lansing, 53G, 593 
Butler, Gen. B. F.. 230, 253, 300, 315, 

339, G;)5, G08. G09, 610 
Byrd, CipL, 5S3 
Cahill, Dr., 10 
Caldwell, Lieut. James F., 413,414, 

435. 4C9, 413, 537. 559, 5S7 
Campbell, Lieut , (?,Iiss.), 534 
Cauuou, Gov., 10, 18, 2G3 



Cannon, Capt. Thomas, IGG, 193, 190, 

209 
Cannon, (North) 206 
Canlwell, (Ky), 1G3 
Canlwell, Capt. J. L., 453. G33 
C -rr, Serg'i., 180, 133 .>G4, 266 
Cur, Capt., 583 
Carrington. Capt. J. MrD,, 4G3 
Carson, Cipt. L( rov P. (V) 455 
Carter, Col. R. Wollty, 309, 420 
Carter, Capt. Wm. P , G50, G5G 
Carter, Lieut. Geo. ^V ., 4!,'3, 498, 508 
Canlk, Mrs. Benjamin, 217, 218, 221. 

324, 329, 467 
Causey, E.\:-Gov., 253 
Chamliers, Lieut., 4G3 
Chandler, Lieut. Thos. C, 444, 490 
Chapman, Gm., 5G9 
Cheatham, Capt., 576 
Cheatham, Gen. Frank, 3"6 
Chefelle, Prof., (Bnlf.), 413 
Christian, Col. William S., 474 
Clary, Maj , 17 

OleaVei-, Dr. W. 3L. 130, 141, 213 
Cleaver, Stimnrl, 141 
Cobb, Col. Korvell, 428, 436, 445 
Coffield, Lieut. Jos. B., 405, 504 
Cole, Cant. J. B, 473, 5: G 
Oolcman, Col. Cicero, 349, 355, 357, 

338 
C.)lton, Rev. Mr., (North) 477, 479, 

431,491,408 
Converse, Rev. Dr., 1G5 
Coombs, Capt., 343. 350 
Cooper, James F., 68 
Cooper, Col., 439 
Cossner, Gabriel, 288 
Coulter, Col., 444 
Covert, Dr. J. M., 489, 491, 493, 496, 

503, 508 
Cross, Dr. William, 517 
Cro.\ton, 34G, 350 
Culbertson, J. P., 494. 503, 513, 517, 

543, 543, 550, 550, 553, 5U4 
Cunning!iam, Serir't., 14, 63, 130, 132. 

183, 193, 219, 238, 237. 351, 335. 410 
Cunninirham, Capt., 34G, 350, 374 
Curlin.Gov., 1G3 

Cyrus, Lieut. Ch:is. V., 413, 414, 545 
Daniels, Cipt. Tiiom.as, 133, 181, 303 
Da-hiel,(N. C), CG5 
Dnshiell, Georr.c II., 94 
Dashiell, (Va), 94 
Daughlrej, Robert T., G7, 125 



ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF NAMES. 



665 



Daushtrcy, Mrs. M. F., 1G8 
Davidson, Col. Wm. Lee, 428, 429, 

442,451,409 
Davis, President Jeff., 74, 303, 413 
Davis, a. B., 240, 074 
Dawson, Charles, GS,G9 
Deanc, (Portsmoutli) I'il 
Deitz, (L;.. Tiger), 367, 398 
Deliny, Lieut., (North) 609 
De La Mar, C. M., 222, 224, 226, 227, 
228 229 231,230,237,239,242,250, 
256', 27l', 303, 300, 310, 313, 388, 391 

Demilt, Mr., (N. Y.) 624, 625 

Dent, lion. J. F , 324 
■ Davant, Col. P. E., 428, 434,437,439, 
4:5 

Devilt, Edward J., 271, 326, 334,335, 
337, 353, 3G7, 477, 479, 481 

Dilworll.,J<>hnD.,2,8,224, 616 

Dilworih, Thomiis F., 4, 224, 599 

Dilworth, J.B.,2C5 

Dilworih, IM-ss Clam, 513 

Dix, Gen. Jolai A., 1, 9, 96, 614, 619 

Don Piatt, Col., 95, 98 

Dosicr, Lieut. CCi 

Dougherty, Col., 404 

Dougherty, (Pa.) 541 

Doulledav, Gen , 523 

Douglas, Bill., 475, 481 

Drnnwnond, Chas. H., 206, 228, 803, 

329, 353 
Duko,Col.B. W.,304, 305, 310, 316, 

317 318 322,328,337,338,843,349. 

855! 3G2,3G4,3GG,338, 378, 403, 422 
Dunkle, Capt. J. J., 442, 446, 470, 476, 

479, 483, G32 
Dulany, Col. Wm., 5, 6, 618 
Duncan, ITcnry, 416 
Dwight, Adjt. W. M., 428, 434, 594, 

Dyl^Capt. John XL, 413,482, 483, 

Early, GeA.'jubal, 543, 568, 570, 575, 

580 
Ector, Gen., 858 
Ed-ar, Col. G. M., 583, G30 
Ed.wai'(ls,Thos. W.,517,529 

Elder, Lieut. Wm., 279 

Elder, Miss, 279 
Elliott, Capt. John, 490 

ill;'oS:S?rw.°P:,"l4'4!531,578 

e1|£XmO,11.13.W,484.C13 



Eraley, Mrs. A. W., 253, 434, 444, 446, 
447, 476, 488, 492, 496, 510, 518, 519, 
520, 525, 542, 561, 566 
Emory, (Sutler's clerk), 423 
Escott, Mrs. J. v., 250 
Estes, Lieut. Morris K., 497 
Evans, Rev. Robt. F., 489, 491, 493, 

494 
Ewing, Z. W., 513 
Fadeley, Charles F., 517 
Farley, 208 
Ferguson, Gen., 399 
Ferguson, Col. Milton J., 383 
Finley, Lieut. G. W., 408, 470, 479, 

488, 493, 621, 624 
Fi«h, Col. (Bait.), 363, 3G7, 389 
Fitzgerald, Col. J. P., 435, G48 
Fontaine, Mtij. Lamar, 358, 871, 494 
Forrest, Dr., 106 
Foster, Dr. Thos. W., 133, 158, 162, 

199, 200, 206. 210, 213 
Foster, Mrs., 387 
Frazer, Rev. Mr. ("North), 491 
Fredericks, Lieut , 033 
Fries, Rev. H. C, 206 
Fricrson, Rev. Mr., 103, 100, 115, 117, 
120 122,126,137,138,146,147,151, 
157,159,104,167 
Frombcrcer, Dr. Jno. IT., 11, 18, 20, 

26,42,53,130,133,153,263 
Gaucher, F.L., 543, 583 
Gamble, Dr. II. M., 488, 513 
Garnett, Geo. Wm.,5Gl,5G9 

Gantt, Gen.,27G 
GaYlord,Rev.II.J.,4,6,7,8,37,292, 

378,614,615,616 
Geer, (xVuthor). 398 
Gibson, Col. (Ga.), 305 
Gibson, Capt. Hart, 301, oG0,416 
Gibson, Capt. (Pur. Leg.), 180 
Gibson Wm. IL, IGl, 218, 249, 250, 

260, 264, 206, 207, 324, 341 
Gillord, Capt. Z. C, 610 
GiUiss, Cnpt. Jas. M., 75, 96, 244,246, 

616, 630 
Goff,Mnj., (North) 444 
Goldsborough, Cul. W. W., 444 
Goldsborough, Hon. B. J., o34 
Goodc, Dr. R. R., 148 
Gordon, Gen. John B., 0G8 
Gordon, C.'.pt. Wm. F., Jr 14 17 23. 

43 240 411,413, 424, 433, 4oG,4o9, 

441 4'^2, 445, 44G, 451, 454, 459, 467, 

477', 479^ 481, 483 



o66 



ALPHABETICAL I.NDEX OF NAMES. 



Gounart, Prof. L., 531, 581 

Gml^, Prauk T, 218, 249, 267, 312, 

Oreeu, R. D., 122, 288, 341 
Grey, (St. MMry'.s Md.), 108 
brice, Geo. W., 329 
Griffin, Cnpt , 499 

^2^^^' ^"'* ^' ^^^' ^^^' ^^^' 267, 

^7l'^^t'.?V'J- ^' 24*^' 245, 329, 334, 
341,353.377,378,38a ' 

Guuby, Miss, (Md.), 440 
Hackiimn,(Pa.)]83 
Ha 1, Rev. Dr., (Norlli) 146 
Ha , Lieut. W. D., 517, 601 
Hallil)urtr)n, M.ij. J. w., 419 420 
Hamhy, Capt. j. h., 497, 513, 545 

278,285,302,315,325,327,341,362; 

Hamill, Mrs. P., 2 
Haniner, Rev. Dr , 378 
Hamner, Rev. J. G., 378 
Hand, Liouf,. Robt., 108,124 
Handy, Jlrs., passim 
Handy, Dr. Tl)os. 11 13 

462^'' ^"''' ^™- ^- ^^' ^66' 443, 
Handy, Sylvius O., 439 
Handy, Fred. A. G 431 '57q kuk 

593, 611 • ' ^^'^' ^^^' 

Handy, M. y. P., 71, 104. 212, 258 
Handy, Gcrlriide E., 123 101 lO'? 

230, 244, 453. 005 ' ' ' 

^605^' ^^"^^^l'-.^. 123,239,257,312, 
Handy, James H. M., 4, 605 
Handy, Dilworth T. 72 18" 
Handy, E-bert G, 605 ' 
Handy, Liliie. 205, 005 
Handy, Ciiarlle, 72, 605 
Handy, Loidie. 10, 005 

Handy,J,,hnN..253, 530, 600 
Hardee, Lieut. Tlios. J., 413, 414 545 

Harrcll, Col. J. K, 510, 594 
iof'.ol^^ (C;ipt) TlH.s. W 428 
43w, 4oG, 445,453, 459, 468, 480, 483 



l^f.o^r^^I;.^'^^- '^- S48, 549, 551, 
552, 554, 559, 563, 570 575 578 -581 

g0,587,588:590:596:598,'oi?:60i: 

Harris, Dr. (Norll.), 64 
Harvey, An bur W 125 
Harvyood, Lieut., 48, 55. 62, 69 
Hawkins, (Pro. Marshal), 151, 190, 

iHatcb, Capt., 611 

Hay nie. Dr. Henry B.. 151 211 912 
573, 576 ' ' ^^' '^^^« 

Hnzzard, John A., 233 
Hearne, Henry C , 166, 200 

Hearnp,PuirickH., 166,208 

Hearne, William « 141 

Henry, Mrs. Zadoc P. 5'^6 

Henry, Miss Laura F.! 526 

Henderson, Capt., 482 

Hill, Rev. Dr. W. W 237 250 
Hitcli, Dr. Wm. H ' "166 170 lS5i 
188,195,220,227 ' ' ^^' 

Hitcbcock M.j. Gen., 518. 553, 564 
^oj-es, W. H. n, 301, 329 ' 
Hoffman, Col., 261, 630, 631 
lloge. Rev. Dr. M. D. 145 
Holines, Lieut. Francis, 429. 459 
Holhnswortb, Robert 119 
Hopkins, Rev. Dr. ]J3 

«o™(c!;.'q 5; t-E'Ss''"' '""■■''''' 

Houston, Hon. .John W.,253 

Howard, (Ky.), 90 

Hubbard, Capt. W. F., 593 

Hubbard, Prof. Jos. S., 75 

Hudson, Mr. (Ky.), 153, 163 

lluddleston, Lieut., 590 

Hughes, Lieut. J. S., 504 

Hume, Rev. Thos , 131 

Humphrey, Rev. Dr., 40 

Hunley, Lieut., 592 
Hutchinson, Dr. E. Nye 62 
Imboden, Gen., 572 ' 
Ingraham, Mrs., 17 
Inman, Lieut., 122 
Irving, Lieut. Col 200 

Jackson, Gen. " Slon'cwall," 57, 163 

Jackson, Mrs. T. J., 438 

Jackson, Dr., 550 

Jacques, Col., 444 

Jefferson, Hon. Sam'I, 4. 333, 604, 615 

Jefferson, Miss Lydia, 213, 604 



ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF NAMES. 



6G7 



Jefferson, Miss Julia, 84, 90, 118, 123, 

158, 237 
Johusou, Hon. Reverdv, 16 
Johnson, Maj.-Gen. Edward, 372, 426, 

432, 455 
Johnson, Capt. J. H., 493 
Johnson, Capt. H. L. W., 449, 450, 

493 
Johnson, Hon. Andrew, 553 
Johnson, Capt. Geo. H.. (North) 284 
Johnson, George, (N. Y.), 206, 221, 

285, 309, 341 
Johnson, (Co. Q), 185 
Johnson, Gen. B. T., 569 
Joice, Stcplien J., 256, 271, 285, 293, 

330, 348, 400 
Jones, Robert, 43, 126, 312 
Jones, Col. E. P., 473, 474, 475, 478 
Jones, (Ten n.), 88 
Joseph, Anthon}^ 114 
Judd, Mnjor, 26 

Junkin, Rev. Dr. G., 438, 442, 452 
Karsner, Geortre W., 614 
Kelly, Sem't, 186 

Kennedy, Rev. G. W., 130, 230, 433 
Key, Bailey Peyton, 311, 404 
Kikore, Capt. C. B., 358, 462 
Kinder, (Mo.), 559 
Kinff, Hon. Jno. C, 266, 267, 268, 

270, 283, 320, 388 
Kinsolving, Rev. O. A., 548, 549, 

551, 552, 563, 563, 575, 586, 601, 602 
Knox, Cant. Jno. G., 443 
Kurtz, Cnpt. G. W., 435, 459 
Kyle, (Miss.), 150 
Law, Adj't John, 481, 530, 534, 536, 

559, 503 
Leach, Capt. E. G., 194, 205, 219 
Lee, Gen. R. E., 166, 209, 262, 420, 605 
Lee, Rev. Bishop, 119 
Lee, Lieut., (Ark.), HO, 124 
Lee, Dr., (Chicago), 421, 422, 424, 433, 

464 
Lee, W. F., 513 
Lee, W. H , 513 
Lefevre, (Bait.), 381 
Leslie, ITenrv, 263 
Lester, Col. C. Edwards, 174, 237, 249 
Lewis, Capt. George W.. 439, 488 
Lewis, Capt. A. J., 493, 632 
Lewis, Lieut., (North), 604, 605 
Lincoln. President A., 112, 222, 246. 

261 , 290, 296, 320, 329, 335, 523, 553, 

575 
Litten, John F., 433 



Lloyd, Robert, 94, 114, 164, 260 
Lockwood, Gen. H. H., 252, 254, 259, 

262, 290, 305, 306, 309, 322, 324 
Lovett, Mortimer C, 118, 181, 288 
Lowe, Maj. Schuyler, 576 
Lowry, (Miss ) 286 
Long, Capt. J. W., 67, 69 
Long, Henry W., 118, 206, 262, 803, 

328, 330, 334, 351, 395, 396, 442 
Lucas, Robert R., 25, 114, 120, 164, 

224, 326, 341 
Lyle, Lieut. George T., 581, 589 
Mackey, Lieut. James T., 429. 438, 

470, 482, 493, 527, 536, 559, 577 
Mackey, Mrs. W. D., 105 
Mackey, Rev. W. D., 105 
Magruder, Hazweli, 365, 461, 555 
Mavnadier. J. H., 278, 293, 303, 326, 

327, 329, 334, 335, 337, 356, 3 - 7, 378, 

386, 395, 400 
Marshall, Dr. B. T.,82, 83, 133, 185 
Martz, Major, 455 
Massie, Lieut. Rodes, 582 
Mason, John, 62, 63 
Mastin, Lieut. Edward J., 515 
Matthews, Tony,-236 
Mayes, Cajit. J. L., 440, 571, 587, 590 
Mayes, Col, 444 
McCarrick, Mits, 387 
McConnel, Lieut., (North), 247, 303 
McCown, Rev. Dr. B. H., 230, 237, 

250, 256, 271, 303, 342, 410, 443, 405, 

492,517,530,589,591 
McCown, Dr. Aleck, 197, 199, 213, 

237, 517 
McClellan, Gen. Geo. B., 533 
McCreary, Maj. J. B., 371, 382 
McCuistion, Lieut. F. II., 433, 434, 456 
McFarland, Lieut. James N.. 428, 439, 

511, 559, 585, 595, 597 
Mcintosh, Gen., 569 
McKamv, Col. J. A., 585, 586 
McKemy, Lieut. Jas. L., 437, 486, 517 
McKown, Dr. William A., 149, 181, 

182, 195, 206, 213, 224 
McLean, Dr., 34 
Merideth, (Com. Ex.,) 215 
Merion, (Jailor), 362 
Meriwether, Capt. II. C, 494 
MerriU, Lieut. B. P., 236 
Middleton, Capt. II. M., 413, 417 
Milam, Lieut. J. K., 556 
Miles, Capt. John B., 19, 182, 193, 195, 

2G0, 288 
Mills. Major Thos. S. (?), 532, 541 



668 



ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF NAMES. 



Mills, Reuben, 2G0, 288 
Mitcliell, Rev. Dr., 871 
Milclieli, Capt. Wilii;im J., 462 
Milcheli, Lieut. Tlios. W.. 470, 504 
Moore, Rev. Dr. T. V , 162, 494 
Moore, Lieut. F. C, 392, 414, 449 
Moore, Capt. Geori,^e W., 392, 557 
MoreLuul, (Portsmouth), 87 
Mor!,'an, Gteii. John H., 34, 82, 304, 

861, 304, 427, 543, 568 
Morir.m, Col. R. C, 345, 349, 357, 358, 

381, 366, 379, 399 
M )ri?an, Capt. Clnuleton H., 345, 358, 

36;), 361, 368, 375, 376, 391, 400, 423, 

455, 46-3, 475, 516, 568 
Mor^jan, Dr., 148 
Morris, Gen., 395 
Morris, Lieut. W. IT., 504 
Mosby, Col., 24, 517 
Mo'.vry, Willi. un H , 527 
Mtilford, M;ijor J. E , 499, 571. 010 
M'llotowsUi, Cnpt., 151, 168, 317, 403 
Murriiv, Miss, 389, S93 
M istaid, Jiev. C. IL, 433 
M;ist:ir(l,Dr. Divid, 306 
N.ish, M;yor, 455 
Nelson, Isaac, 53, 228, 239, 260, 337, 

341, 350, 353, 354 
Nelson, lion. T. A. R.. 88 
Neville, Lieut. T. F., 87 
Newell, Dr. W. II., 212 
Niveu, T. M.. 624, G25 
Noble, Lieut. F. M., 459, 433, 493, 587, 

592 
Noe, G. W., 76 
Noel, Capt. F. S., 424, 529 
Numbers, Capt., 285 
Oakes, James, 399 

O ikl, lion. Robert, 155, 215, 220, 611 
Owen, Rev. Grifiiih, 005 
PiuUlock, Rev. Wm. II., 101, 105, 115, 

126, 143, 161, 187, 188, 190, 191, 218, 

241, 247, 257, 292, 293, 896, 518 
Pair.), Simuel 11., 386, 339 
Parker,?. L., 21, 31, 106, 129, 133, 162 
Patlon, C.ipt. R )bert.473, 480 
Pa',il,Lieut. John, 459, 491 
Patteison,Mis ,221 
Pemberton, Gen., 373 
Perkins, M;ijor, 455 
Perkins, Capt.. 480 
Phil|)ol., Lieut. G. B., 55, 09 
Pickett, Williams, 517 
Pearson, Walter II , 205, 254, 264, 271, i 

293, 334, 335, 350 ] 



Pitts, William. 105 

Pitts. Jaek, 105 

Pitts, Dr. Hilary, 133 

Pleasants, James S., 15, 16, 18, 33, 34 

Pleasants. Mrs. J. S., 16 

Plumer, Rev. Dr. W. S., 024 

Polk, Gen. Leonidas, 360 

Porter, Solomau, 43, 111, 126, 138, 

162, S67, 283 
Prentice, Georije D.. 286 
Prettyman, Miss E. A., 463, 488 
Price, Frank A., 567 
Price, Samuel M., Gil 
Price, (Miss.), 124 
Pnrnell, Hon. AVm. R, 1,4,26, 23, 77, 

180, 194, 252, 259, 346, 376, 493, 518, 

519,540,564,598.615 
Raines, Dr. A. E., 213 
Ramseur, Gen., 572 
Rankin, Mrs. M. W., 47, 43, 74, 88, 

103, 218, 237 
Rtisin, Maj. Rob't. W.,* 222, 227, 228, 

239, 236, 239, 256, 303, 309, 30.), 335, 

337, 342, 348, 353, 3;)3, 391, 400, 528 
Rawlev, Capt Noa'i J.. 13. 19 21.29, 

30, 43, 48, 49, 51, 54, 74, 7J, 99. 428 
Read, Rev. Dr. C. II., 145, 155, 293 
Reed, M.ijor A.. 494, 498, 531, 587 
Reese, Capt, Wm. J.. 527, 529, 588 
Reese, Li- ut. A. C, 236 
Iiei:,rart, Capt., 61 
Reynolds, Robert, 87, 381, 404 
Reynolds, ]\Irs., 168, 387, 406 
Rhoads, J. P., 518 
Rliodes, Gen., 5G9 
Richards, (Political) 104 
Richardson. Francis A., 256,260,271, 

235, 303, 314, 334. 320, 337.330, 335, 

337,341,349.356,375,409 
Riehardsou, Maj. John D., 499, 552, 

556 
Rinker, John L., 517 
Robards, Capt., ( dias G. L. R ) 404 
Roberts, Caj)!. G. L., 440, 415, 437, 

470, 482, 483, 501, 579, 590, 593, 

595 597 
Roberts, Lieut. B. E., 448, 471, 570, 

590 
Roberts, The Misses (and Mother), 

230 
Rol)i)ius. Capt. Frank C, 40G, 408, 

401,497,514,546,566 
Robbins. Capt. W. F., 441, 442,443, 

496, 559, 585, 594 
Robinson, Jaujes, 490 



ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF NAMES. 



669- 



Robiusou, Dr. P. Gei.ais, 213 

Kockb', Geii., 397 

Koguis, A. M., 320 

Rogers, Geu. Asa, 548, 558, 583, GOl 

Rouse, Peler, G9, 72, 

Russell, Lieut, aaui I L., 123,253,355 

Russell. Brig. Gen., 5G9 

Rusi., Wm. C, IGC), 326 

Rust, Mrs. C. F., 1G6 

Ryan, George W ,517 

Sanifoi'd, Rev. (Capt.) A. M., passim 

Savvlelle, Co!., 300 

Scanimou, Gen., 383 

Scheiiek, Gen., 44, 231 

Sell ley. Col , 323, 401 

SclicEpf, Geu. A., passim 

Sco;t, Private, (M'ss.). 1^0. 119 

Shane, Capt. W. C, 384, 408, 430,479, 

433, 480,495, 508, 510, 517, 53G, 585, 

595, 597 
Shank, Lieut. Gabriel, 581 
Shanks, Joim,'206, 311, 228, 305,309, 

337, 346, 356 
Shannon, Lieut., (Portsmputh) 456 
Shaw, Capt., 501 
Shearer, Maj. Geo., 490 
Sheridan, Geu. Phil., 568, 569, 570, 

580 
Shepard, Dr. Ed. M., 197, 213 
Shreve, T. Jeff., 15, 10, 20, 30, 78, 

114, 147, 209, 336, 330, 350, 260, 

OQQ 

Sifiiniaii, Dr., 135, 162, 199, 300, 203, 

204, 317, 331 
Simmons, (lialt.) 99 
Slaughter, Lieut. AV. R. M., 581, 592 
Sloan, (Texas), 135 
Smith, Lieut. Lucius H., 357,455, 462 
Smith, Col. Preston, 563 
Smith, Miss M. R., 352 
Smith, Dr. W.F., 147,148 
Smith, Dr. Arthur R., 333 
Smith, S. C, 153 
Smith, Mrs. Benj., 115, 153 
Smithers, Nathaniel, 18 
Snyder, Daniel W., 181,371,288,299, 

347, 356 
Soulhiiale, Lieut. Lewellyn,488,493, 

498,\534, 536, 559, 563, 583, 596, 606, 

630, G33 
Speucer, Capt., 559, G03 
Spotswood, ilrs. J. B., 71 
Stanley, Rev. Mr., 140, 141, 383, 390 
Stan lev, Mrs., (Rev). 140, 383, 390 
Stanley, C. H., Esq., 390 



Stanton, Secretary, 246, 543, 564, 597 

Steele, M;ij. The(/., 358, 'Sdii, 463 

Sterriit, Samuel, 14, 17,43 

Stevens, (Paintei) 407 

Stevens, (PoliticMJ) 164 

Stevens, Geu., 605 

Stewart, Gen. George IT., 426, 436,455 

Stewart, Capt. W. ll., 531, 541, 561 

Stewart, Dr. David, 253, 290, 305 

Stewart, Mr. , (Norlolk), 90 

Stiles, Rev. Di . J. C, 155, 163 

Stock, JNlrs., 221 

Stocker, Dr. Jesse, 57, 63, 70 

Stone, Dr. (Nortii) 351, 266, 378, 285. 

337, 338, 349, 398 
Street, Lieut. Elliott A., 590 
Sirnl'le, Tjieut. Manford, 284 
Sturdevant, Capt. N. A., 566 
Sugars, George, 17 
Sykes, Jesse D.,306, 203, 228, 285, 337 
Tallant, Lieut. R., 429, 590 
Taney, Chief Justice, 329 
Taylor, Capt. Samuel B , 427 
Taylor, (Capt ?), 346, 374 
Taylor, (Ky.), 93 

Taylor, Lieut. Miles J., 194, 205, 219 
Taylor, William 11., 210, 313 
T.iylor, Rev. R. J , 403 
Thayer, Mrs. Medora, 336, 399 
Thomas, Rev. (Lieut.) D. P., passim 
Thomas, Adjt. Jas. \V., 428, 439, 593 
Thomas, Capt. A., 493 
Thomas, Capt. G. S , 596, 603 
Thomas, (Florida) 110, 124 
Thompson, Gen. M. JetF., 273, 273 
270, 277, 379, 281, 285, 290, 292, 297 
301, 302, 305, 308, 310, 334, 330,338, 
344, 349, 355, 357, 361, 863, 374, 396, 
399, 403, 404, 410, 423, 433, 455 
Thorn, Gillet, 19, 30, 79, 349 
Tibbets, Harrison, passim 
Tingstrum, John T., 45 
Tomlinsou, Lieut. John A., 399, 400, 

455 
Topp, Capt.,68,69 
Tosner, (Mail Carrier), 385 
Tracy, Capt. Buford A., 408, 427, 511, 

512, 549, 555. 593 
Tucker, Col. Jos. S., 349, 355, 357, 

366, 375, 401 
Tucker, J. Randolph, 145 
Turner, Mnj. J. McCloud, 453 
Turner, Lieut. Claude C, 528, 587 
Tyle;-, Brig.-Gen., 10, 95, dQ, 97. 08, 
149, 199, 308, 233, 615, 616, 618 



G70 



ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF NAMES. 



Upton, Gen., 5G9 

Yiileuiine, (Portsmouth). 87 

Vance, Gen. R. B., 345. 849, 355, 350, 
857, 358, 359, 3ol, 304, 303, 374, 375, 
379, 380, 384, 397, 399, 401, 403, 410, 
410, 417,420, 423, 430, 499, .525, .531, 
533. 534, 530, 540, 544, 540, 554, 574, 
578,579,583,590,030 

V:UKlc2:rift, Mrs. L. G., 89, 181 

Vide, Gen. Ei,'boit,2 

ViimlyUc, Rev. Dr. H. J., 141 

Wuiles, Rev. B. M., 497 

Wailes, Lieut. S. E., 180, 194 

Walker, Lieut. J. A., .544 

Waliier, Lieut. J. V., 493,564 

"Wallace, Gen. Lew., 386 

Ward, Col. W. W., 349, 357, 378 

Ware, Dr. CUiirles A., 211 

Wariiij^, Col. John II., passim 

Way, Rev. E. J., passim 

Way, Mrs. E.J, 498 

Webb, Dr. G. M., 213 

Webster, Prof. N. B., 313 

Welsh, Lewi3 F. E., 53, 57, 106, 110, 
129,191,305,341,350,350 

WeKli,(3uUer), 304, 557 

Wh:irton, Gen., 509 

Wii te, C.ipt. W. R., 385, 413, 414, 
441 , 483, 490,493, 511, 512, 567,592, 
594 

While, Col. Elisha, 119 

Whitehursf, Capt. (Portsmouth), 602 

WicUliffe, Hon. Robert, 413 

Wicks, Col., 106 

Wier, Wm. L., 25, 104 

Wightman, A. J., 43, 129, 314, 338 

Wi-rhlman, Jos. M. L., 31, 100, 288, 

Wilcoxon, Lieut. W. F., 504 



Wild, Gen. E. A., 284, 300, 315 
Williams, Lieut. John T., 125, 138, 

205 219 
Williams, Rev. T. N.. 532, 533, 537, 

544, 552, 554, 550, 557, 558 
Williams, William, 119 
Williams, Kent, 380, 389 
Wilmer, Col., (North), 800, 367 
Wilson, Lieut. A. J., 510, 544. 587 
Win<Tficld, Rev. J. H. D., 300, 301, 

303 
Winnie. Capt., (North), 464, 465 
Winnelbrd, (Private). 150 
Wolff, Dr. William E., 233 
Wolff, Lieut.. (North), 2'n, 280, 371, 

4,33, 437, 447, 502, 500, 509, 550, 574, 

581 
Wood, Bishop, 328, 337, 339 
Wood, Lieut., (Ky.). 454 
Woolfolk, Col. G. W , 520 
Woolley, Hon. Judcjc, 413 
Woollev,F. W., 413 
Woolley, D. V.. 413 
Woolsey, Dr. (North) 35, 30, 41, 64, 

142, 590," 591 
Woodson, Capt. John S., 504 
Woolen, Capt. F. M.,5G1, 5C3 
Worrell, Dr. Edward. 483, 517, 523 
Worthinirton, (Md.) ]\Ir., 163, 315 
Wright, Gin. A.R.I 01 
Wright,Lieut.,(J. CV), 503 
Wrigiit, Capt., (Ala), 304 
Wright, Mrs., (Norfolk) 205 
Wri-ht, Charks, 19, 30, 43, 70, 79 
Wright, (Loudonl Va.), 71 
York, Gen., 509 
Y(Ming, Mrs. M. P., 293, 410, 422, 543, 

563 



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